高效作业9 [Period Ⅳ Writing]-【精彩三年】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册课程探究与巩固教师用书配套word（人教版）

高效作业9 [Period Ⅳ　Writing](见学生用书P153) Ⅰ.阅读理解 When it comes to strategies for slowing down the aging process, don’t ignore the power of mind over matter. Recent research shows that several personality traits predict who will enjoy health into their 80s and beyond. According to studies, the link between personality and longevity is strong. People who’re conscientious(尽责的), organised and responsible tend to live longer. Being conscientious may help overcome major risks to health, such as living in poverty. Besides, many conscientious people seem to have better coping strategies for stressful situations, said Turiano, leading to less inflammation(炎症), which in turn slows down aging. People can become more conscientious through support from friends, coaches and psychologists. Smart­phone apps may help, too. For example, participants in a study increased their conscientiousness significantly by using a digital coach called PEACH. This app strengthens personality change through tips, like reminders to reflect on progress towards one’s goals by keeping a diary. Another good quality for longevity is being purposeful, or having a direction in life with clear goals that energise you. Many types of purposes are beneficial. “It’s so unique to the individual，” said Patrick Hill, a psychologist at Washington University in St.Louis. Some derive purpose from their jobs, while retirees(退休人员) report feeling more purposeful during the evening if they socialised that day, according to Hill’s research. Optimism is also associated with exceptional longevity, according to research by Lewina Lee of Boston University. Actually, people who see the positives in aging live an average of 7.6 years longer. Becca Levy, a psychologist at Yale’s School of Public Health, said they enjoyed this longevity advantage due to exercising more and eating more healthily. You can boost optimism by regularly writing about your best possible self. Being sociable or outgoing is another trait that can lengthen your span of health. According to Susan Charles of the University of California, Irvine, social butterflies tend to be more active, which protects their health. Adopting a healthier lifestyle has been shown to make people more comfortable in social situations. (　A　)1．What personality trait helps reduce one’s pressure according to the text? A．Being conscientious. B．Being purposeful. C．Being optimistic. D．Being outgoing. (　B　)2．How does the author prove his point in Paragraph 3? A．By making comparisons. B．By providing an example. C．By making careful observation. D．By giving a professional opinion. (　B　)3．What is the similarity among the personality traits mentioned in the text? A．They can be kept so long. B．They can be developed. C．They are widely accepted. D．They determine one’s health. (　D　)4．What might be the best title for the text? A．Your Personality Is the Key to Your Longer Life B．Your Personality Is Closely Linked to Your Moods C．Your Personality Could Determine Your Quality of Life D．Your Personality Could Lengthen Your Years of Healthy Living 【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了责任心、有目标、乐观和善于社交等性格有助于健康和长寿。 1．A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Besides, many conscientious people seem to have better coping strategies for stressful situations, said Turiano, leading to less inflammation(炎症), which in turn slows down aging.(此外，图瑞阿诺说，许多有责任心的人似乎有更好的应对压力的策略，从而减少炎症，进而减缓衰老。)”可知，有责任心能帮助减少压力。故选A。 2．B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“People can become more conscientious through support from friends, coaches and psychologists. Smartphone apps may help, too. (通过朋友、教练和心理学家的支持，人们可以变得更有责任心。智能手机应用程序也可能有所帮助)”和“For example, participants in a study increased their conscientiousness significantly by using a digital coach called PEACH. This app strengthens personality change through tips, like reminders to reflect on progress towards one’s goals by keeping a diary.(例如，在一项研究中，参与者通过使用名为PEACH的数字教练，显著提高了他们的责任心。这款应用程序通过提示加强了个性的改变，比如提醒人们通过写日记来反思自己在实现目标方面的进展。)”可推知，作者通过举例的方法来证明自己的观点。故选B。 3．B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“People can become more conscientious through support from friends, coaches and psychologists. Smartphone apps may help, too. (通过朋友、教练和心理学家的支持，人们可以变得更有责任心。智能手机应用程序也可能有所帮助。)”、第四段中“Some derive purpose from their jobs, while retirees (退休人员) report feeling more purposeful during the evening if they socialized that day, according to Hill’s research. (根据希尔的研究，有些人从工作中获得目标，而退休人员报告说，如果他们当天进行了社交活动，晚上会感到更有目标。)”、第五段中“You can boost optimism by regularly writing about your best possible self.(你可以通过经常写关于最好的自己来增强乐观情绪。)”以及最后一段中“Adopting a healthier lifestyle has been shown to make people more comfortable in social situations.(采用更健康的生活方式已被证明能让人们在社交场合更自在。)”可知，文章提到的责任心、有目标、乐观和善于社交这四种性格特征的共同点是它们都可以被养成。故选B。 4．D　主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容尤其第一段中“Recent research shows that several personality traits predict who will enjoy health into their 80s and beyond. According to studies, the link between personality and longevity is strong.(最近的研究表明，几个性格特征可以预测谁能在80多岁甚至更老的时候保持健康。根据研究，性格和长寿之间的联系非常紧密。)”可知，文章主要介绍了责任心、有目标、乐观和善于社交等性格有助于健康和长寿。D项“你的性格可以延长你健康生活的时间”可作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空 “Man up.” That’s the “advice” that some guys hear from their family and friends when they’re not 1 “manly” enough because they’re showing “too many” emotions. And, frankly, it’s the kind of advice that ends up doing great 2 . Love and support are what strengthen a person; toxic masculinity(有毒的男子气概) is what 3 some problems in the future. A 16­year­old boy told his 4 about how he cried after not getting into a soccer team. It was a pretty big 5 to him and, naturally, he was upset. And 6 his mom and his sisters comforted him, his dad had a 7 attitude towards the entire situation. A big fight followed full of accusations of the boy not being enough of a man. The boy’s dad 8 him for “not doing enough” to get into the soccer team. He then went on to give the boy some 9 on how to be more athletic and take care of his diet more. 10 ， the dad said that it was stupid to cry over a thing like this, and that it was time that he “manned up”. What followed was a long 11 and afterwards, the boy ignored his dad for a week. The boy’s behaviour can be 12 ． Men, just like women, experience depression and anxiety. However, men are 13 told to control their emotions and not to 14 their problems with others, as it’s seen as being weak. Actually, for men, it is good to 15 their emotions properly. (　B　)1．A．appearing B．acting C．responding D．offering (　A　)2．A．harm B．failure C．confusion D．anxiety (　C　)3．A．deals with B．runs into C．brings about D．looks into (　B　)4．A．opinion B．story C．secret D．trip (　D　)5．A．loss B．change C．shame D．blow (　D　)6．A．unless B．if C．because D．while (　A　)7．A．different B．positive C．friendly D．flexible (　D　)8．A．praised B．thanked C．forgave D．blamed (　C　)9．A．information B．inspiration C．suggestions D．demands (　B　)10．A．However B．Besides C．Therefore D．Instead (　D　)11．A．silence B．separation C．conversation D．argument (　C　)12．A．glorious B．practical C．understandable D．impressive (　A　)13．A．traditionally B．originally C．immediately D．simply (　B　)14．A．combine B．share C．handle D．compare (　C　)15．A．hide B．generate C．release D．control 【语篇解读】文章主要论述了传统上，男性被告知要控制自己的情绪，不要与他人分享自己的问题，但事实上，男性和女性一样，都会经历抑郁和焦虑，因此，他们也需要适当地释放自己的情绪。 1．B　句意：“拿出男人的样子。”当一些男人表现得不够“男子汉气概”时，这是他们从家人和朋友那里听到的“建议”。A.appear显现；B.act表现；C.respond回应；D.offer提供。故选B。 2．A　句意：坦率地说，这类建议最终会造成很大的伤害。A.harm伤害；B.failure失败；C.confusion困惑；D.anxiety焦虑。故选A。 3．C　句意：爱和支持是增强一个人力量的东西；有毒的男子气概在未来会引起一些问题。A.deal with处理；B.run into遇到，陷入；C.bring about引起，导致；D.look into调查。故选C。 4．B　句意：一个16岁的男生讲述了他在没有进入足球队后如何哭泣的故事。A.opinion意见；B.story故事；C.secret秘密；D.trip旅行。故选B。 5．D　句意：这对他来说是一个很大的打击，当然，他很沮丧。A.loss损失；B.change改变；C.shame羞愧；D.blow打击，挫折。故选D。 6．D　句意：尽管他的母亲和姐姐在安慰他，但他的父亲对整个情况持不同的态度。A.unless除非；B.if如果；C.because因为；D.while 虽然，尽管。故选D。 7．A　句意同上。A.different不同的；B.positive积极乐观的；C.friendly友好的；D.flexible灵活的。故选A。 8．D　句意：男孩的父亲指责他“做得不够”，无法进入足球队。A.praise表扬；B.thank感谢；C.forgive原谅；D.blame指责，责怪。故选D。 9．C　句意：然后，他继续给这个男孩一些如何更健壮和如何更好地注意自己的饮食的建议。A.information信息；B.inspiration灵感；C.suggestion建议；D.demand要求。故选C。 10．B　句意：此外，这位父亲说，为这样的事情哭泣是愚蠢的。A.however然而；B.besides此外；C.therefore因此；D.instead相反。故选B。 11．D　句意：接下来是一场长时间的争吵，之后，男孩无视父亲一周。A.silence沉默；B.separation分离；C.conversation交谈；D.argument争吵。故选D。 12．C　句意：这个男孩的行为是可以理解的。此处指这个男孩因为没进入足球队而哭泣，这个行为是可以理解的。A.glorious光荣的；B.practical实际的；C.understandable可以理解的；D.impressive给人印象深刻的。故选C。 13．A　句意：然而，传统上，男性被告知要控制自己的情绪，不要与他人分享自己的问题，因为这被视为软弱。A.traditionally传统上；B.originally原来，起初；C.immediately立即；D.simply仅仅，只。故选A。 14．B　句意同上。A.combine结合；B.share分享；C.handle处理；D.compare比较。故选B。 15．C　句意：事实上，对男性来说，适当地释放他们的情绪是很好的。A.hide隐藏；B.generate产生；C.release释放；D.control控制。故选C。 Ⅲ. 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Reducing the number of calories every day is the ticket to good health. It works in lab animals. It also works in human 1． beings (being). The name of the method is “caloric restriction”. It increases the life length of animals. It even reduces their rate of cancer and other diseases 2． that/which happen as people age. Reducing calories usually 3． makes (make) a difference to young and middle­aged adults. Researchers looked into 4． a group of healthy men and women aged between 21 and 50. Members of the group agreed to reduce calories for two years. They could eat the food they wanted as long as they cut back 5． on the total amount of food they ate. They 6． were expected (expect) to cut calories by 25 percent by the researchers. Many could not do it. The average calorie reduction was twelve percent. That is a reduction of 7． approximately (approximate) 300 calories a day. But it worked. Those 8． practising (practise) calorie reduction lost weight and body fat. Their blood pressure fell a little. Fewer calories lead to better health. Does it lead to a longer life and 9． less (little) sickness? A doctor said the diet would have to last a long time 10． to find (find) out the answer to this question. Researchers would have to study people for a lifetime to know whether the diet keeps them well and alive longer. 【语篇解读】文章介绍了减少卡路里的摄入不仅可以使动物更健康，也可以使人更健康甚至长寿，这个称为“热量限制”。 1．beings　考查名词的数。being作“生物”讲为可数名词，human being意为“人”，其前无限定词且由语境可知，此处应为复数形式。故填beings。 2．that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句，修饰先行词other diseases，且关系词在从句作主语，指物，故用关系代词which或that。故填which或that。 3．makes　考查时态和主谓一致。陈述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故填makes。 4．a　考查冠词。a group of意为“一组”，此处表示“研究人员调查了一组年龄在21岁至50岁之间的健康男女”。故填a。 5．on　考查介词。cut back on表示“削减；减少”，此处指“他们可以吃他们想吃的食物，只要他们减少吃的食物总量”。故填on。 6．were expected　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，expect与主语之间为被动关系，结合语境，时态为一般过去时；主语为They，谓语动词用复数形式。故填were expected。 7．approximately　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处用副词approximately在句中作状语，意为“大约”。故填approximately。 8．practising　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语动词为lost，因此practise需用非谓语动词形式。practise与其逻辑主语Those之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填practising. 9．less　考查形容词比较级。根据句中“a longer life and ”可知，所填词的形式应和longer形成并列关系，所以此处用形容词比较级形式。故填less。 10．to find　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处用不定式作目的状语，表示“这种饮食限制不得不将持续很长时间来发现这个问题的答案”。故填to find。 Ⅳ. 应用文写作 假设你是高三学生李华，你校为帮助高三学生缓解紧张学习所带来的心理压力，将于下星期举办以“如何缓解心理压力”为主题的心理健康周活动。请你给同年级的美国学生John写信介绍此活动，要点如下： 1．描述活动的主题与形式； 2．阐述你对此活动的看法。 注意：词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：心理健康周Psychological Health Week One possible version： Dear John， How are you doing? 　We Senior 3 students are suffering from great pressure due to the heavy schoolwork. To help deal with this problem, our school will hold a Psychological Health Week next week, the theme of which is “how to relieve mental pressure”． There will be various kinds of activities. A lecture given by a psychological professor on what to do with the pressure will provide us with professional guidance. There will also be a drama which will show us an excellent performance. Additionally, some fun games will be played among the students. The activities will be quite beneficial for us to relieve pressure and can stimulate us to study more efficiently. Do you also have such activities in your school? Looking forward to your reply.　 Yours truly， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$