Unit2 Period Ⅱ Learning About Language-【精彩三年】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册课程探究与巩固教师用书配套word（人教版）

Period Ⅱ　Learning About Language(见学生用书P37) We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence is not an act, but a habit. 重复的行为造就了我们。优秀不是一种行为，而是一种习惯。 [Build up your vocabulary] 1． make up one’s mind 下定决心 2． compose vt. & vi.组成；作曲；撰写 be composed of 由……组成(或构成)的 3． surgeon n．外科医生 4． surgery n．外科手术；外科学 5． liberation n．解放；摆脱 6． shave vi.，vt.& n．剃(须发)；刮脸 shave off 剃掉；刮去 7． beard n．胡须；络腮胡子 8． disturb vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼 9． cigarette n．香烟；卷烟 10． specialist n．专科医生；专家 11． consultant n．顾问；高级顾问医师 12． drug n．毒品；药物 13． skip vt.跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳 n．蹦跳 1．We need to make up our minds and show some discipline, and make small changes over time.我们需要下定决心，表现出一些自律性，并随着时间的推移作出一些小的改变。(教材P16) make up one’s mind下定决心 【拓展归纳】 change one’s mind　　　　 改变主意 lose one’s mind 失去理智 keep/bear... in mind 把……记在心上 bear/keep in mind that　　 记住…… speak one’s mind 直言不讳 read one’s mind 看出某人的心思 在短语make up one’s mind中，mind的单复数要随其前one’s的单复数而变化。 【活学活用】 (1)Once she has made up her mind ，nothing can change it. 她一旦下了决心，什么也改变不了。 (2)If you think it over, maybe you will change your mind ． 如果你仔细考虑，也许你会改变你的想法。 (3) Bear/Keep in mind that gas stations are scarce in the more remote areas. 记住，加油站在较偏远的地区是很稀少的。 (4)Our teacher is good at reading the students’ mind by observing their body language in class. 我们的老师善于通过观察学生在课堂上的肢体语言来看出他们的心思。 (5)In this place, you have to have a sense of humour or you’ll lose your mind ． 在这个地方，你必须要有幽默感，不然就疯了。 【写作佳句】 The manager has not made up his mind yet as to who will be in charge of the project. 经理还没有决定由谁来负责这个项目。 2．Life is composed of many elements, such as family，friends, study, work, entertainment, and so on.生活是由许多要素组成的，如家人、朋友、学习、工作、娱乐等。(教材P16) compose vt.& vi. 组成；作曲；撰写 (1)be composed of＝be made up of＝be comprised of＝consist of由……组成(或构成)的 (2)composer n．作曲家 (3)composition n．作品；作曲；作文 【语境助记】 The composer once created a famous film, which was composed of three parts.His composition helped him win a lot of prizes. 这位作曲家曾经创作过一部著名的电影，这部电影由三个部分组成。他的作品帮助他赢得了很多奖项。 【活学活用】 (1)Fresh ocean air is composed of negatively charged ions that enable us to consume oxygen，adding to good health. 新鲜的海洋空气由带负电荷的离子组成， 这些离子使我们能够消耗氧气， 有助于身体健康。 (2)It is required that the composition should be related to the students’ life. 据要求，作文应该与学生的生活相关。 (3)England, Scotland and Wales compose/make up/comprise the island of Great Britain. ＝The island of Great Britain is composed of/is made up of/consists of/is comprised of England, Scotland and Wales 英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。 【写作佳句】 Chinese idioms are a unique way of expression in Chinese, which are mostly composed of four characters. 汉语成语是汉语特有的表达方式，大多由四个字组成。 3．It was not polite to disturb your neighbours with loud music last night.昨晚用喧闹的音乐打扰你的邻居是不礼貌的。(教材P17)  disturb vt. (to interrupt sb; to move sth or change its position; to make sb worry)打扰；搅乱；使烦恼 (1)disturb sb/sth打扰某人/使某人感到不安/弄乱某物 disturb the peace扰乱治安 (2)disturbed adj.烦恼的；心神不安的 be disturbed by/about 对……感到忧虑/不安 (3)disturbing adj.令人烦恼的；令人不安的；使人震惊的 (4)disturbance n. 骚乱；打扰；干扰 【语境助记】 The noise outside disturbed him.The disturbance made him disturbed about his child who was sleeping.It was so disturbing that he opened the window and shouted to the workers there. 外面的噪音使他很不安。这种打扰使他对他正在睡觉的孩子感到不安。 太令人不安了，他打开窗户对那里的工人大喊了一声。 【活学活用】 (1)I’m sorry to disturb you，but can I talk to you for a moment? 很抱歉打扰你，但我能跟你聊一会儿吗？ (2)I can’t focus because of the disturbing (disturb) noise. 因为烦人的噪音，我无法集中注意力。 (3)I was deeply disturbed (disturb) and depressed by the news. 这消息使我深感不安和沮丧。 (4)Once disturbed (disturb), the balance of nature is likely to take at least 25 years to restore. 一旦被破坏，自然的平衡可能至少需要25年才能恢复。 【写作佳句】 I might have finished the task earlier, but I was disturbed by the noise now and then. 我本可以更早些完成任务的，但是我时不时地被噪音打扰。 [Discover useful structures] ——不定式作主语 读下列教材原句并感知黑体部分的共性。 1．To change bad habits is never easy. 2．It took the surgeon three hours to finish my mother’s lung surgery. 3．To join the People’s Liberation Army, it is required for men to shave off their beards. 4．It was not polite to disturb your neighbours with loud music last night. 我的发现： 以上例句中黑体部分的动词不定式均在句中作 主语 ，有时为了保持句子的平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而真正的主语(动词不定式)放在句子的末尾，比如句子 2；3；4 。 探究点1　不定式作主语的基本用法 不定式具有名词的特征，可在句子中充当主语；不定式作主语，表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作。不定式作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 To form good habits is very important for us students. 养成良好的习惯对于我们学生来说很重要。 To know something about English is one thing; to know English is quite another. 懂一点英语是一回事；掌握英语完全是另一回事。 单句语法填空 1． To love (love) and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get. 2． To learn (learn) a skill is very important for everyone in society. 3． To save (save) time is to lengthen life. 4． To make (make) fun of others is not polite. 5． To say (say) is one thing and to do is another. 探究点2　it作形式主语的句型 有时为了保持句子的平衡，避免头重脚轻， 常用it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语置于句子的后面。 It is essential to provide kids with fresh and healthy diets. 为孩子们提供新鲜健康的饮食是至关重要的。 1．It is＋形容词(＋for/of sb)＋to do sth. 区别for 与of (1)若形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价，用for sb，这类形容词有difficult、easy、hard、important、dangerous、impossible等。 It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门语言是很难的。 (2)若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，用of sb，这类形容词有kind、nice、right、clever、careless、polite、foolish等。 It’s very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我， 你真是太好了。 2．It is＋a(n)＋名词(如pity，honour, duty, shame... )＋to do sth. It is a duty of us to take care of you. 照顾你是我们的责任。 It’s a great shame for me to be laughed at in front of so many people. 在这么多人面前被人嘲笑，对我来说是莫大的耻辱。 3．It takes/took＋(sb) some time/courage/patience... to do sth. 做某事需要(某人)多少时间/勇气/耐心…… It took him a long period of time to finish his revision. 他花了很长时间才完成他的复习。 4．It requires/required courage/patience/hard work... to do sth. 做某事需要勇气/耐心/努力工作…… It requires great patience to bring up children. 养育孩子需要很大的耐心。 在“It is＋no use/no good/fun/a waste of time...” 句型中常用动名词形式作真正的主语。 It is no use waiting here doing nothing. 无所事事地在这里等待是没有用的。 It is a waste of time copying such long passages.抄写这么长的段落是浪费时间。 单句语法填空 1．It is impossible to learn (learn)a foreign language well without making painstaking efforts. 2．It’s a great honour for me to be invited (invite) and make a speech here. 3．It is a shameful behaviour to say (say) such sharp words to your seniors. 4．It is often appropriate to use (use)the local dialect to communicate your message. 5．It took unusual determination and courage to bridge (bridge) the gap between the middle class and the poor. 6．It was brave of this young guy to quit (quit) his job and start his own business on his own. 探究点3　不定式和疑问词连用，即“疑问词＋to do” 1．可用于该结构的疑问词： (1)疑问代词：who，whom，what，which (2)疑问副词：when，where，how 2．常用于该结构的动词有know，see，decide，tell，ask，consider，explain，learn，wonder等。 What to read is very important for us. 对我们来说，读什么很重要。 How to begin is more difficult than where to stop.怎么开始比在哪里停下更难。 单个的“疑问词＋不定式”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；两个及以上的“疑问词＋不定式”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Where to go on holiday and when to go for the holiday have not been discussed. 到哪里去度假以及何时去度假还没有被讨论。 Where and when to go for the holiday has not been discussed. 到哪里和何时去度假还没有被讨论。 单句语法填空 1．Who to attend (attend) the meeting hasn’t been decided. 2．How to construct (construct)the theoretical framework is very important. 3．When to start (start)developing such a vaccine is the question. 4．Where to find (find) that patriotic young man is a headache for me. 探究点4　不定式和动名词作主语的区别 不定式通常表示一个将来的、具体的内容；而动名词则表示一种经常性的、习惯性的或抽象的概念。 不定式作主语时，若其后需要动词作表语，则作表语的动词最好也使用不定式形式，即保持形式一致(To do... is to do... )。 To save the wildlife is to save ourselves. 拯救野生动物就是拯救我们自己。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 单句语法填空 1．It took years of work to reduce (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 2．It is best to place (place) burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. 3．It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted (attract) to computer games and the online world. 4．It’s up to the travel companies to warn (warn) customers of any possible danger. 5． To get (get)there by bike will take us one and a half hours. 6． To find (find) a way to solve the problem is very easy for you. 7． To be (be) a better me is my goal. 8．How to stop (stop) people from polluting this river is a big problem. 9．It is appropriate for you to take (take)measures to relieve pain for your father. 10．It is wise of you to take (take) such gifts with gratitude. 11．It’s the duty of every soldier to defend (defend) our country against enemies. 12．It requires a great deal of energy and devotion to master (master) a foreign language. 13．There is no doubt that it is vital to know (know)some knowledge of first aid as danger lies everywhere and accidents happen from time to time. 14．It can take many years to recover (recover) from the death of a loved one. 15．It scared me to think (think) I was alone in the building. 温馨说明：课后请完成高效作业7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$