Unit 1 Nature in the balance Reading 课件-2023-2024学年高一下学期英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册

Watch a video 新牛津译林高中英语必修三Unit 1 Nature in the balance Reading Pre-reading Do you know where it is? PART02 Fast Reading The Amazon rainforest: a natural treasure What could be the genre（体裁） of the article? documentary script (纪录片脚本） 1. What’s the main idea of the text? A. The Amazon rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world. B. The Amazon rainforest gives the richest biodiversity on the Earth. C. The Amazon rainforest is a natural treasure house on the Earth. D. The Amazon rainforest is known as the “lungs of the planet”． √ Passage Structure Introduction Basic information Plant biodiversity Different levels Animal biodiversity Food chain Value Threat 3. What’s the structure of the passage? Part 1: Para. 1　 Part 2: Paras. 2－5 Para. 1: Introduction to the Amazon rainforest Para. 2: Basic information about the rainforest Para. 3: _____________________________________ Para. 4: ______________________________________ Para. 5: ______________________________________ Analysing the structure Read the documentary script and write the main idea of each paragraph (part A1). Plant biodiversity：levels of the rainforest（plants） Animal biodiversity：food chain （birds and animals） The rainforest’s value to the human race; threats to the rainforest PART03 Careful Reading Read para. 1 carefully and try to find the theme of the script. While reading 1. What’s the function of Paragraph 1? A. To emphasize the importance of the Amazon rainforest. B. To explain why the Amazon rainforest is a natural treasure. C. To state the status of the Amazon rainforest：the largest rainforest. D. To lead into the following paragraphs. Para. 1 Introduction √ Activity 2　Careful-reading for details 3.Which word can be used to replace the word “significant” in Para.1? A. Light. B. Small. C. Important. D. Middle. √ 2. Welcome to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals. 欢迎来到亚马逊森林，这是一片绿色的海洋。 a sea of: a large amount of sth. 大片的，成片的 e.g. He looked down and saw a sea of smiling faces. 他往下看，看到一张张笑脸。 (be) alive with: 充满，到处是(活的或动的东西) e.g. The pond was alive with frogs. 池塘里都是青蛙。 be alive with happiness 眉飞色舞 【语境应用】完成句子。 1. The land is ______________spring sowing activities. 大地充满了一片春耕的活气。 2. I stood amid ______________ corn. 我站在茫茫一片庄稼之中. alive with a sea of 扩展延申 alive adj. 活着的 一般作表语或作前置定语修饰名词，也可作补足语； living adj. 活着的 一般作前置定语，也可置于名词后或作表语（the living表“活着的人”）； living n. 生计，生活方式； live /laiv/ adj. 活着的，现场直播的; lively adj. 活泼的，生动的。 当堂练习 I found the snake _________. The ________ are more important to society than the dead. Last night there were millions of people watching the Spring Festival Gala _________ on TV. Young students are usually ___________. alive living live lively 3. As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem. 作为世界上最大的雨林, 它在保护地球生态系统平衡方面扮演了重要的作用。 play a role in doing sth 在……方面扮演了重要的角色 e.g. Hard work plays a significant role in achieving success. 努力在获得成功方面扮演了重要的角色。 综合练习 the lungs of the planet, rainforest plays important role in (prodouce) the oxygen. He is watching a (live)broadcast of the football game. (see) from the top of the tower, I see a huge sea trees. The pool was alive goldfish. We should have healthy eating habits and (live) habits. As an producing Seeing of with living live Welcome to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals. This is the Amazon rainforest. As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem. 欢迎来到亚马孙雨林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。这是亚马孙雨林，作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维持地球生态系统的良好平衡方面发挥着重要作用。 Read Para 2 and find the basic information of the Amazon rainforest. location__________________ size______________________ origin of its name____________________ 8 countries and one overseas region of France around 6 million square kilometers of forest The Amazon river around 6400 km in length Find a sentence to match the picture Read paragraph 2 6. With an area of around 6 million square kilometers, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. 亚马孙雨林面积约六百万平方千米，是中国国土面积的一半以上。 ......roughly 100 kilometers longer than the Yangtze river. 大体上比长江还长一百千米。 倍数的表达方法： A be + 倍数+the height/weight/length/size...of B The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球的体积是月球的9倍 这间教室是那间教室的三倍宽。 This classroom is three times the width of that one. ② A be +倍数+as +adj/adv+as B The table is four times as long as that one 这张桌子是那张的四倍长 ③ A be +倍数 adj/adv比较级+than B A比B....几倍 中国比韩国大96倍。 China is 96 times larger than Korea. 4. The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6400 kilometers in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河,亚马孙河长接近6400千米,比长江还长约100千米。 句中 from which the rainforest gets its name是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，为先行项 The Amazon river提供补充信息，先行项和非限制性定语从句之间用逗号隔开。 e.g. The house, which was built over a hundred years ago, was not damaged in the earthquake. 介+which/whom The woman____ _______ you spoke is a teacher. The city_____ _______he lives is far away. It was a crisis(危机) _____ _______ she didn’t prepare. It's a kind of tree ______ ______ we can get a lot delicious fruit. The man is my English teacher I chatted just now. to whom in which for which from which with whom 5. They give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth: one in ten known species in the world can be found. 这些生态系统给这个地区带来了地球上最丰富的生物多样性：世界上十个已知物种中就有一个可以在这里找到。 biodiversity n. the variety of plants and animals in a particular place 生物多样性 (由bio+ diversity构成) bio- :生物的；与生物相关的 e.g. bio-genetics 生物遗传学 biophysics 生物物理学 bioengineering 生物工程 brazil nut water lily What plants does para 3 introduce? 7. The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. 雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。 variety n. a lot of things of the same type that are different from each other in some way (同一事物的)不同种类,多种式样 a variety of 各种各样的 e.g. We can see that a variety of techniques are used in the painting. 我们可以看到这幅画作中使用了多种技巧。 various adj. 各种各样的 【同根词】 vary v. 相异,不同,各种各样的 vary from…to… 由……到……变化 e.g. The menu varies with the season. House prices vary from place to place and are usually high where there are famous schools. 各个地方的房价都不同，在有名校的地方房价通常很高。 【语境应用】翻译句子。 With the development of economy, there are various goods in stores, varying from daily groceries to luxury goods (奢侈品), which greatly enrich people’s life. In addition, the goods vary with the season in variety and quantity. 随着经济的发展，商店里的商品种类繁多，从日常用品到奢侈品不等，大大丰富了人们的生活。此外，货物的种类和数量也随季节而变化。 Language points 在这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致。 8. Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 在它的上面是黑暗森林地面上的大量落叶。 介词短语above that放句首，句子用完全倒装。这样可以保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密。 e.g. Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。 By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。 Language points mass n. a large amount of sth. 大量；许多，团；块；堆 【搭配】 a mass of / masses of sth 大量，许多 the masses 群众 e.g. A mass of snow and rocks falling down the mountain 从山上滚下来的一堆积雪和石块 I struggled through the mass of people to the exit. 我在人群里挤来挤去,挤到了出口处。 a TV programme that brings science to the masses 普及科学知识的电视节目 adj. 大量的，大批的；民众的 the tops of the tallest trees shorter plants with large leaves the mass of leaf litter towering ancient hardwoods a system of roots beneath the ground Read Para 3 and point out the levels of the rainforest. The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. 5 brazil nut water lily 1. How does the author develop this paragraph? A. By listing numbers. B. By giving examples. C. By making comparisons. D. Both A & B. √ Para. 3 Plant biodiversity; different levels Read para 4 and complete the following chart about the food chain L23-L29 Jaguars feed on At least 87 species, including frogs feed on Insects feed on nutrient Microorganisms break down Leaves and fruit 10. While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain. 尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存,但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。 survive vi. 生存，存活，继续存在vt. 幸存，幸免于难，艰难度过 e.g. Some strange customs have survived from earlier times. 有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。 引导让步状语从句 While he loves his students, he is very strict with them. Strike while the iron is hot. Some people waste food while others are starving. 尽管 当……时 然而 【拓展】 survive vt. to live longer than someone else, usually someone closely related to you 比…活(或存在)的时间长 survival n. 生存；幸存 survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 e.g. The old lady has survived all her three children. They experienced an airplane crash and only two survived. Of course, she was one of the two survivors. Somehow, her survival was a wonder. 11. These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. 相应地, 这些青蛙以昆虫为食,而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。 in turn 1) as a result of sth. in a series of events 相应地,转而 e.g. Increasing production costs will, in turn, lead to higher prices. 生产成本不断提高相应地会引超价格上涨。 2) one after the other in a particular order 依次 e.g. There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke in turn. 女士们依次发言时，每一位都得到了喝彩。 12. When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth. 当一只美洲豹死亡时，一小群微生物帮助它分解身体，并将营养物质返回土壤。 break down 1) 分解 e.g. The report breaks down the results region by region. 报告将调查结果按地区分成若干部分。 2) (机器或车辆)出毛病，损坏 e.g. Their car broke down. 他们的车子出故障了。 3) (讨论、关系或系统) 失败，破裂，失灵 e.g. Talks with business leaders broke down last night. 昨晚与商界领导人的谈判破裂了。 Paola's marriage broke down. Paola的婚姻破裂了。 4) 精神崩溃 e.g. He broke down and wept when he heard the news. 听到这个消息,他不禁失声痛哭。 How does the author develop this paragraph? By giving examples. Para. 4 Animal biodiversity; Food chain different levels food chain places to live food and nutrients the richest biodiversity The reason why Amazon rainforest has the richest biodiversity in the world. What is the function of the rainforest to us in para 5? fix carbon produce oxygen using metaphors 1.lungs of the planet 2.a treasure house of species agriculture cattle farming What is the major threat to the rainforest? human activities 13. The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen. 亚马孙雨林通过固定碳,并产生超过全球总量20%的氧气,使 得地球生生不息。 breathe life into 给…带来起色,注入活力 e.g. We need some new people to breathe life into this project. 我们需要一些新人来为这个项目注入活力。 【语境应用】翻译句子。 1. 是读者通过来信给报纸带来了生气。It is the readers who  _______________a newspaper with their letters.  2. 影评家希望这位年轻导演会给法国的电影业注入新的生命。 Critics are hoping the young director can __________________ the French film industry. breathe life into breathe new life into 14. Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. 在过去的50年里,由于农耕和养牛等人类活动,约17%的雨林已经消失了。 due to: because of /on account of由于, 因为 (常用于正式文体中) e.g. The flight was cancelled due to bad weather. 由于天气不好, 航班被取消了。 agriculture n. 农业；农学；农艺 agricultural  adj. 农业的，农用的 e.g. agricultural policy/land/production/development 15. As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”? 随着人类活动的影响不断增加， 濒危物种的名单越来越长， 这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺” 的后果吗？ 【句子结构分析】 本句是主从复合句。as引导时间状语从句。从句中and连接两个并列句。 damage v. to cause physical harm to sth. or to part of sb's body 损害, 损坏, 损伤 e.g. His house was badly damaged in the earthquake. 他的房子在地震中受损严重。 damage n. 损坏，破坏；损害，伤害 do/ cause damage to 对……造成伤害 e.g. The disease can cause serious damage to the brain. 这种疾病会对大脑造成严重损伤。 3. In the sentence “Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals：us.”(lines 33－34)，why “us” is used instead of “human beings” here? By using “us” instead of “human beings”, the author wants to emphasize that every one of us is __________ for the damage to the ____________. Therefore, all of us have a _____ to play in protecting it. responsible rainforest part Fill in the blanks with the figures (part A2). 8 6 million 6,400 40,000 1,300 400 20% 17% 01 02 03 What is the purpose of using so many figures? To provide specific and accurate information To support the statement and make the statement more persuasive and convincing; To make people realize the importance of the rainforest in a direct way Let’s watch a short video to feel the value of the Amazon rainforest. 4．What is the function of the question at the end of the passage? A. To introduce the topic. B. To introduce ways to protect the Amazon rainforest. C. To seek for answers to protect the Amazon rainforest. D. To arouse people’s concern about the Amazon rainforest. √ 3. What is the purpose of this documentary script? A. To advertise the Amazon rainforest. B. To popularize(科普) the Amazon rainforest. C. To persuade readers to protect wildlife. D. To call for our joint efforts to protect the Amazon rainforest. √ Can we afford to damage the lungs of the planet? Why? Post reading It helps maintain the balance of ecosystem. It provides our society with food and medicine. To protect the rainforest is to protect ourselves. Have you met any behavior unfriendly to nature during the Chinese New Year or during your daily life? Post reading PART04 Discussion The authorities should enforce revelant laws on prohibiting the illegal cutting of trees; The authorities should set up nature reserves and increase the number of forest rangers(护林者) to guard the rainforest; What can we do to protect the Amazon rainforest? The ways to protect the Amazon rainforest 3 4 The surrounding countries should plant man-made forests to slow down the disappearance of the Amazon rainforest; The local government should adjust economic structure by developing spin-offs(副产品) and tourism to earn profits; 1. a sea of(L1) 2. be alive with (L1) 3. play a significant role/part in(L2) 4. maintain the balance of(L3) 5. with an area of(L5) 6. in length (L8) 7. be made up of (L17) 8. be home to 大量的，大片的 充满，到处都是 在...中扮演重要角色 保持...的平衡 面积为... 在长度上 由...组成 是...的栖息地 living things（L20） food chain（L24） feed on（L24-25） in turn （L26） an army of（L27） break down（L28） breathe life into（L30） be known as（L31） treasure house（L32） due to（L35） afford to do sth. （L37） 生物 食物链 以...为食 相应地 一大批... 使分解（成） 给...带来起色 被称作，被认为是 宝库，宝地 由于，因为 承担/支付得起做某事 What makes the Amazon rainforest a natural treasure according to the script? Post reading It's unique levels and food chain make it have the richest biodiversity. It produces over 20% of the planet’s oxygen. Its wonderful plant and animal species have enabled humans to find food and medicine. Alternative Homework 1.To raise the awareness of protecting the Amazon rainforest,you are invited to make a speech in the United Nations. Please work with your group members and write the speech together. 1. It is my great honor to have a chance to make a speech here. 2.It has a crucial influence on 3. be of significance to 3.be home to 4. It is time for sb to do sth. 5. make joint efforts to do sth The Amazon rainforest is home to a great (1)_________of plant life; however, its soil is surprisingly poor in nutrients. B1 The passage below is from a website about the Amazon rainforest. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below. agriculture impact thus due to variety survive beneath break down variety Building your language In fact, the soil in the region cannot support (2)____________ for more than a few years. If a scientist is shown a report listing the nutrients of that soil, he or she will probably think that only desert plants can (3)____________in it! Then why is the soil so poor in nutrients? For one thing, the rainy season has a(n) (4)___________on the soil. In the rainy season, the water level can rise to more than 12 metres. agriculture survive agriculture impact thus due to variety survive beneath break down impact When the water goes away, it takes away the nutrients in the soil. For another thing, (5)___________the Amazon's hot climate, it is difficult for the soil to build up enough nutrients. Dead plants and animals (6)_____________more quickly. The nutrients are soon taken in by the roots of the plants deep (7)_________the ground. As a result, most of the forest's nutrients are locked up in the plants themselves, (8)_________ allowing them to grow at an unbelievable speed. due to are broke down beneath thus agriculture impact thus due to variety survive beneath break down Lavf58.20.100 Lavf58.45.100 Codec by Bilibili XCode Worker v4.8.34(fixed_gap:False) Lavf58.20.100 Codec by Bilibili XCode Worker v4.8.28(fixed_gap:False) $$