Unit1 Period Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures-【精彩三年】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语必修第三册课程探究与巩固教师用书配套word

Period Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures ——动词­ing形式(1)(作定语和表语)(见学生用书P20) Spring brings a plough of rain and autumn brings ten thousand tons of grain. 春得一犁雨，秋收万担粮。 一、词汇梳理 1．__atmosphere__ n. 气氛；氛围；(地球的)大气(层) 2．__lunar__ adj. 阴历的；月球的；月亮的 3．__eve__ n. 前夕；前一天 4．__envelope__ n. 信封；塑料封套 5．Christmas __carol__圣诞颂歌 6．__merry__adj.愉快的；高兴的 __Merry__Christmas__！圣诞快乐！ 二、语法梳理 读下列教材原句并感知黑体部分的共性。 1．It was great fun walking along the streets，enjoying the relaxing atmosphere！The performances were just amazing. 2．And I get lucky money in red envelopes from my parents and relatives，so it's always an exciting time for me. 3．Perhaps Thanksgiving.What could be better？Families getting together and eating delicious food，people watching sports games on TV，friends laughing and talking，etc. 4．I think it's Christmas.I just can't take my eyes off the shining lights on the Christmas trees everywhere.Lots of smiling faces，and people singing Christmas carols and wishing each other “Merry Christmas！” 我的发现： (1)例句1中“动词­ing”形式分别作__定语__和__表语__。 (2)例句2中“动词­ing”形式作__定语__。 (3)例句3中“动词­ing”形式作__定语__。 (4)例句4中“动词­ing”形式作__定语__。 (5)如果是单个的动词­ing形式作定语， 常放在被修饰词前面作__前置定语__； 如果是动词­ing形式__短语__作定语， 常放在被修饰词后面作__后置定语__。 动词­ing形式由“动词原形＋­ing”构成，在句子中可以作主语、定语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。动词­ing结构形式如下： 肯定式 否定式 主动式 doing not doing 被动式 being done not being done 完成式 having done not having done 　 探究点1　动词­ing形式作定语 1．单个的动词­ing形式作定语，常位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰名词的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰名词的动作或状态。 (1)说明被修饰名词的作用或功能，意为 “供……用”，相当于for构成的介词短语。 building materials＝materials for building建筑材料 a reading room＝a room for reading 一间阅览室 a swimming pool＝a pool for swimming 一个游泳池 a walking stick＝a stick for walking 一根手杖 (2)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上相当于一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可以表示经常性的动作或当时的状态。 a puzzling problem＝a problem that puzzles somebody 一个令人费解的问题 a surprising result＝a result that is surprising 一个令人惊讶的结果 不及物动词的现在分词作定语，表进行，过去分词作定语，只表完成。 falling leaves正在落的叶子 fallen leaves落下的叶子 boiling water沸水 boiled water 开水 the developing countries 发展中国家 the developed countries 发达国家 2．动词­ing形式短语作定语时，常放在被修饰的名词之后，并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。 (1)They lived in a room facing the street. ＝They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子里。 (2)The man standing there is Peter's father. ＝The man who is standing there is Peter's father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。 (3)The book being discussed a lot will be published next month. ＝The book which is being discussed a lot will be published next month. 人们讨论很多的那本书将在下个月出版。 3．动词­ing形式的完成式(having done) Tom, having worked hard for years(＝who had worked hard for years)，finally succeeded. 多年努力工作后，汤姆终于成功了。 The issue, having been set aside for years(＝which had been set aside for years), was put on the agenda again. 这个被搁置多年的问题又被提上了议程。 (1)现在分词的被动式(being done)和过去分词(done)作定语的区别 The building being built(＝which is being built) now is a lab. 现在正在被建的大楼是实验室。 The building built(＝which was built) last year is a lab.去年建成的大楼是实验室。 The problem, having been discussed(＝which had been discussed)for years, was solved. 讨论了多年的问题被解决了。 The problem, discussed(＝which was discussed)yesterday, was solved. 昨天讨论的问题被解决了。 (2)过去分词、现在分词和不定式作定语的区别 过去分词 (done)作定语 表示被动动作已完成 The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 地上满是落叶。 现在分词 (doing)作定语 表示主动动作正在发生 You should adapt to the changing situation. 你应该适应不断变化的形势。 动词不定式 (to do) 作定语 表示动作尚未发生 I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在寻找一个住的房间。 1．Our school went on an __organised__(organise) trip last week. 2．I cannot go with you, for I have a lot of work __to__do__(do). 3．There is a note pinned to the door __saying__(say) when the shop will open again. (3)现在分词的被动式(being done)与动词不定式的被动式(to be done)作定语的区别 现在分词的被动式(being done)作定语 表示被动动作正在发生 The stadium being built now will be the biggest one in our city. 现在正在被建的体育场将会是我市最大的。 动词不定式的被动式(to be done)作定语 表示被动动作将要发生 The stadium to be built next year will be the biggest one in our city. 明年将要被建的体育场将会是我市最大的。 4．动词­ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句。这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。 The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruits. ＝The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruits. 那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。 His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. ＝His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他的哥哥住在北京，是一位老师。 探究点2　动词­ing形式作表语 动词­ing形式作表语可分为两种情况：现在分词和动名词。现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质、特征和状态，而动名词作表语则主要是对主语内容的进一步说明，即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。 The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring. 国内外的形势都很鼓舞人心。 Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、打扫和照顾孩子。 (1)表语一般用在系动词后面，系动词除be动词外还有appear，sound，look，become，come，get，go，grow，keep，remain，seem等。 (2)动词­ing形式用作表语时，相当于形容词，表示性质或状态；而进行时态中的动词­ing形式是谓语动词的组成部分，表示具体的动作，两者不可混淆。 The present situation is encouraging.(动词­ing形式作表语) 目前的形势是令人鼓舞的。 The present situation is encouraging us to stride forward in production. 目前的形势正在鼓舞我们在生产上迈步前进。(现在进行时) (3)动名词(短语)作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置。 The police's job is keeping public order. → Keeping public order is the police's job. 警察的工作就是维护公共秩序。 (4)动词­ing形式表示主语的某种性质和特征时，常用作表语，通常可以看作形容词。 The news that women astronauts will be sent into space is encouraging. 女宇航员将被送入太空的消息令人鼓舞。 The problem which he met in the new school is quite puzzling. 他在新学校遇到的问题很令人费解。 【注意】表示“情感、情绪”类的动词，其­ing形式作表语表示主语所具有的特征，意为“(事物) 令人……的”；其­ed形式作表语则表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”。这类词有： 现在分词形容词 过去分词形容词 现在分词 汉语意思 过去分词 汉语意思 amazing 令人惊奇的 amazed 感到惊奇的 annoying 令人气恼的 annoyed 感到气恼的 astonishing 令人惊讶的 astonished 感到惊讶的 boring 令人厌烦的 bored 感到厌烦的 confusing 令人困惑的 confused 感到困惑的 convincing 令人信服的 convinced 确信的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的 discouraging 使人泄气的 discouraged 气馁的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的 encouraged 受到鼓舞的 exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的 The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night. 这个消息令人兴奋，我们整晚都很兴奋。 How disappointed I was when I heard the disappointing news! 当我听到这令人失望的消息时，我是多么失望！ The explanation was confusing. I got confused. 这个解释令人费解。我被弄糊涂了。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．When we got a call __saying__(say) she was short­listed(把……列入决选名单), we thought it was a joke. 2．I was told that there were about 50 foreign students __learning__(learn) Chinese in the school, most of whom were from Germany. 3．The name “cheongsam” __meaning__(mean) simply “long dress” entered the English vocabulary from the dialect of China's Guangdong Province. 4．The temple __standing__(stand) on the top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty. 5．The flowers __smelling__(smell) sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. 6．Pictures__flashing__(flash) on the screen of the mobile phone hurt people's eyes. 7．He gave me a __welcoming__(welcome) hug when he met me at the airport. 8．The national park has a large collection of wildlife, __ranging__(range) from butterflies to elephants. 9．His words are so __encouraging__(encourage) that all of us are greatly motivated to do better. 10．To finish the work on time, we must improve our __working__(work) method. Ⅱ.句型转换 1．The wild flowers look like a soft blanket which covers the desert. →The wild flowers look like a soft blanket__covering__ the desert. 2．A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday. →A young man__writing__novels__ came to speak to us yesterday. 3．The baby who is crying makes me annoyed. →__The__crying__baby__ makes me annoyed. 4． The Terracotta Army, which dates back to the Qin Dynasty, is famous around the world. →The Terracotta Army，__dating__ back to the Qin Dynasty, is famous around the world. 5．The company sells me a brochure which contains all the information I need. →The company sells me a brochure __containing__ all the information I need. 6．The new building which is being built now in the south of our city will be a shopping mall. →The new building __being__built__ now in the south of our city will be a shopping mall. 7．The boy who is standing near the window is good at playing football. →The boy__standing__near__the__window__ is good at playing football. 8．The question that is embarrassing is hard to answer. → __The__embarrassing__question__ is hard to answer. 温馨说明：课后请完成高效作业3) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$