专题20：高中新题型之六选四（初高考点差异及衔接）-2024年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

专题20：高中新题型之六选四 （初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 上海初中阶段，任务型阅读类型是“阅读简答题”，考查学生信息查找能力、语篇理解能力和归纳概括能力。一般以记叙文为主，设问以特殊疑问句居多。 高中要求 上海高中阶段，任务型阅读类型是“六选四”，一般以说明文和议论文为主，选文逻辑严密、结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型分布以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅。 【初中考点聚焦】 1. 信息捕捉：考生需要能够快速从文章中捕捉到关键信息，理解文章的主旨大意，并能够根据这些信息回答相关问题。 2. 细节理解：考查学生对文章中具体细节的把握能力，包括人物、事件、时间、地点等具体信息的识别和理解。 3. 推理判断：考生需要根据文章内容进行逻辑推理，推断作者的意图、态度以及文章中未明确表述的含义。 4. 归纳总结：要求学生能够对文章的段落或全文进行归纳总结，概括出中心思想或主题22。 5. 语言运用：考生在回答问题时，需要正确运用语言表达自己对文章的理解，包括时态、语态、词性转换等语言知识的运用。 【示例】 （Mike is telling a story. It happened when he was seven.） It was New Year’s Eve. In the morning, I heard Grandma tell Mum she needed a football for the New Year’s Eve dinner. “A football for the dinner? What’s it for?” I wondered. “Anyway, I will get one! I can do something nice for Grandma.” I remembered my friend Joe had an old football. I went out quietly and found him. I gave him my favourite model car in exchange for his football. I took the football home, shined it and put it on the living room table secretly. I waited in my room for Grandma to notice it. “Mike!” Mum shouted. I ran to the living room. “Why can’t you put your things where they belong? Get the football out of here!” “But it’s for Grandma! She said she needed a football for the New Year’s Eve dinner.” I said. “A football for the dinner?” Mum laughed. “No, Grandma needs a fruit bowl, not a football.” “Fruit bowl sounds like football! I have done a silly thing!” I went back to my room, embarrassed and disappointed. Before dinner, Mum came in and asked me to meet my uncles and aunts. When I walked into the living room, Grandma was showing them a pretty fruit bowl with the old football in its centre, I was surprised. “Look!” Grandma said. “Today Mike brought me a nice present, this football. Isn’t it beautiful?” She continued. “It’s beautiful, yes — because anything from a child is beautiful.” 74. How old was Mike when the story happened? ______________________________________________________________ 75 What did Mike give Joe to get the football? ______________________________________________________________ 76. Whom did Mike expect to notice the football? ______________________________________________________________ 77. Why did Mike think he had done a silly thing? ______________________________________________________________ 78. What did Grandma do with the football? ______________________________________________________________ 79. How might Mike feel after hearing Grandma’s words? Explain why. ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】74. He was seven.## He was 7. 75. His favourite model car. 76. His Grandma. 77. Because he misunderstood his Grandma’s words “fruit bowl” as “football”. 78. She put the football in the centre of a fruit bowl and praised it. 79. He might feel happy because Grandma loved his gift.（无标准答案，言之成理即可） 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了麦克与奶奶之间的一件感人故事。在弄清楚自己将“水果盘”听成“足球”造成了尴尬的局面之后，麦克羞愧难当。但是奶奶将足球放在了水果盘里并赞美了它。这个暖心之举化解了麦克的尴尬，体现了长辈对晚辈的宽容与爱。 【74题详解】 根据原文“It happened when he was seven”可知，当这个故事发生时麦克7岁。故填He was seven/7. 【75题详解】 根据原文“I gave him my favourite model car in exchange for his football”可知，麦克用自己最喜欢的模型飞机从乔手中换到了一个旧足球。故填His favourite model car. 【76题详解】 根据原文“I waited in my room for Grandma to notice it”可知，麦克希望奶奶能注意到这个旧足球。故填His Grandma. 【77题详解】 根据原文“Fruit bowl sounds like football! I have done a silly thing!”可知，麦克错把奶奶说的“水果盘”听成了“足球”，然后自己去拿了一个足球给奶奶，所以他觉得自己做了一件蠢事。故填Because he misunderstood his Grandma’s words “fruit bowl” as “football”. 【78题详解】 根据原文“Grandma was showing them a pretty fruit bowl with the old football in its centre … It’s beautiful, yes — because anything from a child is beautiful”可知，奶奶将旧足球放到了水果盘中间并赞美了它。故填She put the football in the centre of a fruit bowl and praised it. 【79题详解】 本题没有标准答案，学生言之成理即可。故参考答案为He might feel happy because Grandma loved his gift. 【高中考点聚焦】 考纲解读 上海高中阶段，六选四阅读文章一般选文逻辑严密、结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型分布以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅，以考查上下文逻辑关系为主，考查段落主题句为辅，间或考查段属的结论概括性语句。六个备选项意义都与文章内容相关，有一定的干扰迷惑性。试题主要依据句子在上下文中衔接情况来命制，衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接、逻辑衔接、词汇衔接。可按这几个原则判断空格与选项是否匹配。 【示例】 Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A．Bike tourism is on the rise in the United States and around the world, according to the News. B．Slowly, you can see snapshots of people’s daily lives and interact with them. C． Travelling alters your attitude towards the whole world. D．What’s good for the heart is good for the brain, so riding and staying fit is sort of a priority in my life. E. Traveling changes your view of money and what it can do for you. F. Every time you make a roadside stop, you have the opportunity to meet people or see something new. Travel the World by Bike Rachel Hugens met her husband, Patrick, while bicycle touring. The Hugenses, who live in Boise, when not on their bikes, recently went on their latest round-the-world adventure. They visited 36 countries on a tour, touching Europe, Africa, Asia and South America. “Traveling by bike is the ultimate freedom,” Rachel said via email. “On a bike, you become part of the scenery. The landscape is not framed by a window. 45 ” A growing community Dennis Swift, secretary of the Southwest Idaho Mountain Biking Association, rode across the U.S last year–from Seattle to Salem, Massachusetts. Six people started the tour and three finished, riding 52 out of 56 days. They averaged about 60 miles per riding day. “We took quite a few pictures; we didn’t keep our head down the whole way,” Swift said. “We got to meet different people. It’s the people that are probably most important.” Swift also rode through the Basque Country with a group of Boise cyclists last year. He’s planning to participate in a Virginia bike tour this year. “When you get older, your health is the number one priority.” he said, “ 46 ” Seeing the places in between “Traveling by bicycle forces you to visit the places in between that many backpackers traveling by bus would pass by,” Patrick said. “ 47 ” The challenges, beyond the obvious mental and physical energy required, include navigating visa requirements, food choices, language barriers, poor riding surfaces and boxing bikes for air travel, Rachel said. Financial flexibility to travel This is the third time that the couple has quit their jobs to tour. Rachel is a registered nurse; Patrick is an architect. Both regained their former jobs when they returned home in 2000 and 2007. They’re uncertain what will happen this time. They’ve given themselves financial flexibility by paying off their home, commuting to work by bike and avoiding some of the bills that are important parts for most (cell phones, cable TV). They travel with a $50 daily budget. “ 48 ” Rachel said. “We’ve met some cyclists traveling long term on a $10 daily budget. They can travel as long as their money lasts, so they’re motivated to spend wisely.” 【答案】45．B 46．D 47．F 48．E 【分析】本文为说明文。本文通过Rachel 夫妇骑自行车环游世界的经历，介绍了骑自行车环游世界的好处。 45．考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上一句“On a bike, you become part of the scenery. The landscape is not framed by a window ”可知，骑自行车旅行，你就是风景的一部分。这时的风景不是你从窗户中看到的，你看到的是人们日常生活的缩影。因为你置身于其中，所 以会有与他们的互动。分析选项可知B“Slowly, you can see snapshots of people’s daily lives and interact with them.”符合题意，故选B项。 46．考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。上一段谈论有关骑自行车旅行的例子以及带来的好处。根据本空格的上一句“When you get older, your health is the number one priority.”可知，“当你变老时，你的健康是第一的”。分析选项可知与健康有关的选项D（对心脏有好处的也是对大脑有好处，所以骑自行车和保持健康是我生活中的一个要务）符合题意，且有词的复现。故选D项。 47．考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空前的“骑自行车旅行会迫使你去参观那些背包客经常乘公共汽车旅行所经过的之间的地方。”以及下面的内容“….the obvious mental and physical energy required, include navigating visa requirements, food choices” “骑车旅行你需要休息补充体力和食物。此时自然“你可能有机会与别人相识互动”，分析选项可知F项符合题意，故选F项。 48．考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本小题是上一段与下一段的承接句。上一段是指骑自行车减少财政压力,经济预算减少。下一段“骑自行车的人减少预算，存够了钱可用于旅行，这样对钱的认识改变了。”，由此可知E项（旅行改变了你对整个世界的态度。）符合题意，故选E。 考点清单 1) 阅读六选四试题位置特点: 1.段首句。通常是段落主题句,或与后文形成并列、转折、因果等关系,又或是段落间的过渡句。 2.段中句。通常与前后句形成并列、递进、因果、转折等关系。 3.段尾句。通常是结论、概括性语句,又或者是引出下一段的内容。从上表还可以看出试题设置在段中的数量较多,段首句和段尾句较少。在做题过程中,段中试题由于有段落内上下文的提示,比较容易得到答案。段尾试题往往是段落的总结,难度也不大。通常情况下,段首的试题难度也比较小,因为在英语写作中,段首句多为段落主旨句,考生可以根据段落后面的文本快速推测答案。但是当段首句是对上下段的过渡时,难度陡增。 2) 六选四文章结构 (a)描述性结构(主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点，对人物的描述如传记，包括人身体特征、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好、成就贡献等内容进行描述，因此时间、地点往往是出题重点) (b)释义性结构(解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用例子比喻类比阐述) (c)比较性结构(把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行对比) (d)原因性结构(这种结构主要分析事物的成因，客观的、主观的、直接的、间接的) (e)驳斥性结构(这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对其评论或驳斥，然后分析其优点缺点、危害性、最后阐明自己的观点) · 考点一：段首题 ......... Purpose of sleep 　2　 Sleep helps our body heal(修复), grow, and stay healthy. It also gives us energy, so we can be active all day. Doctors and health scientists say: When you close your eyes and need to rest, sleep is just the very best! This is more than advice.   A.Sleepy animals B.Why do we need sleep? C.Some people talk in their dreams. 答案　2.B　根据本段小标题Purpose of sleep可知本段是在解释需要睡觉的原因。故选B。 · 考点二：段中题 若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。 From there, there is both good news and bad news. The bad news? ___70___ So, they have to judge if they are on the mark by themselves, Murray said. But the good news is that men and boys often do well when they go through treatment for their eating disorders. A. The eating disorder field has to treat males based on studies that include only females. B. Will a boy or man experience eating disorders in that way too? C. The best way to help them get into treatment is to share the truth — they are not alone. 【答案】 70. A 【解析】根据上文“From there, there is both good news and bad news. The bad news?(由此可见，既有好消息，也有坏消息。这个坏消息？)”可知，本句承接上文说明坏消息是什么，故A选项“饮食失调领域必须根据只包括女性的研究来治疗男性”符合语境，故选A。 · 考点三：段尾题 Question: I have recently got a serious position within my company. One of my new tasks is to make monthly progress reports on my department in front of other senior officials. During my first meeting, I presented and then opened the floor to questions. There were many difficult questions. My first reaction was to answer defensively. Later, I realized that I shouldn't have felt that way. But how can I keep cool and effectively answer questions in this type of settings? Answer: Congratulations on your new position! Presenting in front of your peers is a hard task in itself, and it comes much more difficult when a question-and-answer per is required question-and-answer periods as a great way to clarify the message and strengthen key points, __________ Show your true interest. When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification. B. Restate the question with respect. C. Some ideas can be quite concrete. D. Here are some ideas that can help you prepare for your next meeting. 【答案】F 【分析】承上启下，引出后文的建议。 Guns have a special place in American culture, and though not everyone agrees on whether or not they are a good thing, there is no mistaking that they will be part of the cultural landscape for some time. To answer the question, no, not everyone has a gun. 1 Americans use guns for one of two uses: either for sport, where they can use them on firing ranges or for hunting in approved areas, or for self-protection. The latter is where most people begin to take sides, either arguing for the removal of guns from society or allowing more people to have them. There are organizations and community groups for both sides and both sides have strong feelings. Legally, there are restrictions on gun owners. 2 Only certain kinds of weapons can be purchased by the public, and that excludes automatic weapon and military grade weaponry. Gun owners must transport their weapon in a safe way, unloaded and in most cases, out of sight. Special—concealed carry permits from the police station must be obtained for people who want to wear weapon, and most people are rejected for this kind of permit. 3 Criminals steal guns or buy them illegally to commit crimes, and the news is full of terrible stories of what happened next. Occasionally a child will get a hold of legal weapon and accidentally hurt themselves or others. It is important to remember, however, that the news stories that make the United States seem like a dangerous place are deceiving; guns are not everywhere or constant. 4 After all, America is a safe place to live. A．You are only allowed to purchase a firearm if you have had a background check and meet certain legal requirements. B．There have been many enlightening articles on gun control in America. C．If you were to visit the United States for two months the only gun you might see is in a museum or on a police officer. D．Less than fifty percent of homes in the United States own weapons, and many of those homes are in rural areas where guns may have a greater use. E．More people are deciding to legalize their gun transactions instead of buying them on the black market. F．What alarms people the most about American gun culture are the illegal guns and shooting, which make some places feel unsafe. 【答案】72．D 73．A 74．F 75．C 【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的枪支文化，并告诉我们一个事实：在美国枪不是无处不在的。 72．根据上文“To answer the question, no, not everyone has a gun. (回答这个问题，不，不是每个人都有枪。)”可知，上文阐述的是在美国并非每个人都有枪，D项意为“在美国，只有不到50%的家庭拥有武器，其中许多家庭位于农村地区，在那里枪支的使用量可能更大。”选项能够承接上文，在美国并非每个人都有枪，只有不到50%的家庭拥有武器。故选D。 73．根据上文“Legally, there are restrictions on gun owners. (在法律上，对枪支拥有者有限制。)”可知，本段阐述的是对枪支拥有者的限制，A项意为“只有在经过背景调查并符合某些法律要求的情况下，你才被允许购买枪支。”选项能够承接上文，具体阐述了对枪支拥有者有限制，只有在经过背景调查并符合某些法律要求的情况下，你才能购买枪支。故选A。 74．根据后文“Criminals steal guns or buy them illegally to commit crimes, and the news is full of terrible stories of what happened next. Occasionally a child will get a hold of legal weapon and accidentally hurt themselves or others. (罪犯偷枪或非法购买枪支犯罪，新闻中充斥着接下来发生的可怕故事。偶尔，孩子会拿着合法武器，意外地伤害自己或他人。)”可知，这里阐述的是非法枪支带来的危害以及孩子们持枪所引发的意外，F项意为“关于美国枪支文化，最让人们警觉的是非法枪支和枪击，这让一些地方感到不安全。”选项能够引起下文，下文所举的例子正是“非法枪支和枪击”带来的危害。故选F。 75．根据上文“It is important to remember, however, that the news stories that make the United States seem like a dangerous place are deceiving; guns are not everywhere or constant. (然而，重要的是要记住，使美国看起来像一个危险的地方的新闻报道是有欺骗性的；枪不是无处不在的，也不是固定不变的。)”可知，最后一段阐述的是关于美国枪支文化的危险性的报道是不真实的，在美国，枪不是无处不在的，C项意为“如果你要去美国旅游两个月，你可能会看到的唯一的枪是在博物馆里或警察身上。”选项能够承接上文，进一步解释了上文的“guns are not everywhere”， 枪不是无处不在的，你可能会看到的唯一的枪是在博物馆里或警察身上。故选C。 Passage 1、 How to Survive High School It may feel impossible to survive even a day of high school, let alone three years. However, there are a lot of things you can do to make your high school experience one of the best times of your life. 1 During high school, you may feel under pressure to fit in. You need to try your best to fight the negative feelings and learn to have a change. High school actually gives you an opportunity to discover a real YOU and grow as a person, but it's important that any change should come from within. Make friends with a variety of people. Try to break out of your comfort zone by starting a conversation with people, especially strangers. 2 Over time, you'll develop a friend group filled with unique individuals that like you for who you are and add a lot of value to your life. But do remember — Stay away from the ones who hold negative attitudes towards everything. Spare regular time for exercise. 3 However, even if you're not involved in a sport, try to exercise every day. Though you may feel like your study schedule is jam-packed, remember that staying fit will help improve your school performance. Don't avoid interacting with your teachers. You don't have to be a teacher's pet, though. 4 If possible, spend a few minutes before or after class talking with your teachers about things related to their subject. With these tips to survive high school, you will surely be proud of graduating as an all-round approaching adult. A．Let yourself be who you really are. B．Learn to change and impress your friends. C．Everybody has something to contribute to your growth as a person. D．Pressure from friends is one factor that turns teenagers into risk-takers. E．Try your best to be kind and friendly to everybody you take a class from. F．Joining a school sports team is also a great way to meet like-minded people. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．F 4．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何很好地在高中生存的几点方法和建议。 1．由该题为段落小标题可知，为总结该段内容。该段下文“During high school, you may feel under pressure to fit in. You need to try your best to fight the negative feelings and learn to have a change. High school actually gives you an opportunity to discover a real YOU and grow as a person, but it's important that any change should come from within.”（在高中，你可能会感到压力。你需要尽你最大的努力去对抗消极情绪，学会改变。高中实际上给了你一个机会去发现真实的自己，成长为一个人，但重要的是，任何改变都应该来自内心。）可知，主要讲的是在高中任何改变都应该来自自己的内心。结合选项A项Let yourself be who you really are.（让自己做真正的自己。）和该段意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选A项。 2．根据上文“Try to break out of your comfort zone by starting a conversation with people, especially strangers.”（试着打破你的舒适区，开始与人交谈，尤其是陌生人。）提到和各种各样的人交朋友。以及下文“Over time, you'll develop a friend group filled with unique individuals that like you for who you are and add a lot of value to your life.”（随着时间的推移，你会建立一个朋友圈，里面充满了独特的人，他们喜欢你，为你的生活增添很多价值。）可知，讲的是你的朋友为你的生活增添很多价值。结合选项C项Everybody has something to contribute to your growth as a person.（每个人都对你的成长有所贡献。）可知，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。 3．根据该段标题“Spare regular time for exercise.”（抽出规律的时间进行锻炼。）以及下文“However, even if you're not involved in a sport, try to exercise every day.”（然而，即使你不参加体育运动，也要尽量每天锻炼。）可知，该段主要讲的是关于进行体育锻炼的建议。结合选项F项Joining a school sports team is also a great way to meet like-minded people.（参加学校的运动队也是认识志同道合的人的好方法。）可知，和该段主旨意思一致，都是讲的关于体育锻炼方面的内容，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选F项。 4．根据上文“You don't have to be a teacher's pet, though.”（不过，你不必成为老师最喜欢的人。）提到不必成为老师最喜欢的人。以及下文“If possible, spend a few minutes before or after class talking with your teachers about things related to their subject.”（如果可能的话，在课前或课后花几分钟时间和老师谈论与他们的学科相关的事情。）结合选项E项Try your best to be kind and friendly to everybody you take a class from.（尽你最大的努力对每一个给你上过课的人友好。）可知，承接上文内容，为对上文内容的语意递进，同时引起下文，上下文紧密连接。故选E项。 Passage 2、 Successful people have a few common characteristics that make them great. Now look at the following common traits exhibited by successful people that I have observed across various fields including sports, business and arts. Self-discipline I put this at the top of the list simply because without self-discipline nothing is possible. Self-discipline is a quality that can be developed by having a clear idea on what we want and then ensuring the desire to succeed is greater than the consequences of not doing it. If we want to exercise 5 times a week, then we can imagine the enormous benefits of exercise and visualise that while trying to keep the end goal in mind. 5 It is resolving to do what we have set out to accomplish in both our personal and official lives. Resilience Angela Lee Duckworth says that grit is the single quality that guarantees success, based on her groundbreaking studies. There are going to be setbacks, like we may not get the promotion we wanted, but having patience and perseverance never goes out of fashion. Talent will not take the place of persistence and resilience. 6 Passion 7 We can look no further than Tiger Woods to understand the value of passion. Tiger Woods who had already reached the apex (顶点) of sporting achievement actually changed his style of swing because he wanted to get the extra edge. This was after winning the Masters tournament by a record of 12 strokes in 1997. Passion can ignite reservoirs of resilience that may lay latent (隐藏的). Tiger Woods didn't play golf for the money though that helped, he played it for the love. Passion can happen when we do something we love,but as a beginning, we should start loving what we do and giving our very best every single day. Curiosity One of the best kept secrets of the highly successful is the ability to keep learning something new every day in their field or related fields. The hallmark of learning is curiosity. Peter Drucker, the father of modern management, is an excellent example of someone who kept learning till the end of his life. 8 When we learn something everyday, it keeps our mind sharp and it also gives a sense of accomplishment as we are using our time wisely. There is no end to this journey of continuous learning. A．You can be down but never out. B．I have noticed that a lot of successful people take care of themselves better. C．If we want to achieve all the things we want, then self-discipline is the best place to start and we have 100% control on this. D．He was always learing something new. E．When you have high self-esteem, you generally feel more positive about life and do better at work. F．Passion is the fuel behind the success engine. 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．F 8．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了成功人士的特点。 5．上文“I put this at the top of the list simply because without self-discipline nothing is possible. Self-discipline is a quality that can be developed by having a clear idea on what we want and then ensuring the desire to succeed is greater than the consequences of not doing it. (我把这一点放在清单的首位，只是因为没有自律什么都不可能)”说明自律的重要性，是成功的第一要务，选项C“如果我们想实现我们想要的所有事情，那么自律是最好的起点，我们对此有100%的控制。”总结上文，强调自律是成功的最好的起点。故选C项。 6．上文“There are going to be setbacks, like we may not get the promotion we wanted, but having patience and perseverance never goes out of fashion. Talent will not take the place of persistence and resilience. (会有挫折，比如我们可能没有得到我们想要的晋升，但耐心和毅力永远不会过时。天赋不能代替坚持和韧性)”说明不要害怕失败和挫折，要坚持，不要放弃，选项A“你可以失败，但永远不会出局。”总结上文，做出结论：不怕失败，永不放弃。故选A项。 7．下文“We can look no further than Tiger Woods to understand the value of passion. Tiger Woods who had already reached the apex (顶点) of sporting achievement actually changed his style of swing because he wanted to get the extra edge. This was after winning the Masters tournament by a record of 12 strokes in 1997. Passion can ignite reservoirs of resilience that may lay latent(隐藏的). (我们只要看看老虎伍兹就能明白激情的价值。已经达到运动成就顶峰的老虎伍兹实际上改变了他的挥杆风格，因为他想获得额外的优势。这是在1997年以创纪录的12杆优势赢得美国大师赛之后。激情可以点燃潜在的韧性)”说明激情是成功的动力，选项F“激情是成功引擎背后的燃料。”是本段主题句，概括说明激情是成功的动力。故选F项。 8．上文“One of the best kept secrets of the highly successful is the ability to keep learning something new every day in their field or related fields. The hallmark of learning is curiosity. Peter Drucker, the father of modern management, is an excellent example of someone who kept learning till the end of his life. (成功人士最好的秘密之一就是每天在自己的领域或相关领域不断学习新东西的能力。学习的标志是好奇心。现代管理学之父Peter Drucker就是一个很好的例子，他一直学习到生命的尽头)”说明成功人士不断学习新东西，并举现代管理学之父Peter Drucker的事例，选项D“他总是在学习新的东西。”承接上文，说明Peter Drucker总是在学习新东西，具备成功的优良品质。故选D项。 Passage 3、 What I Think of Boxing as a Sport Boxing is a popular sport. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently cover boxing matches. It could be the toughest of all sports to survive. It takes boxers hours in the gym and years to develop the specific characteristics needed to be a great boxer. 9 . It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it appealing because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can identify with the winning boxer. This gives them the feeling of being a winner themselves. 10 They do that because the boxer comes from their own country, and if “their” boxer loses, they often feel as if they have lost a fight themselves. It is a fact that many people have feelings of aggression from time to time, but they cannot show their aggression in their everyday lives. Watching a boxing match gives them a way of expressing it. 11 Although boxers wear gloves during the fights, and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets, a kind of strong hard hat, there have frequently been accidents in both professional and amateur boxing, sometimes with dramatic consequences.Boxers have suffered from head injuries, and occasionally, fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ring. Besides, studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing. They are usually in the form of serious brain damage, even if a boxer has never been knocked out. To conclude, I am personally not at all in favor of aggressive sports like boxing. 12 We can celebrate more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes in our society. I believe that the world is aggressive enough already! Of course, people like competitive sports, and so do I, but I think that hitting other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport. A．However, boxing can be a very dangerous sport. B．Sometimes fans are rooting for a particular boxer. C．In boxing, fighters are required to hit a moving target. D．Many fans are drawn to the sport because they love the competition. E．Perhaps that is the reason why successful boxers are treated as big heroes. F．I think it would be better if less time was given to aggressive sports on TV. 【答案】9．E 10．B 11．A 12．F 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了拳击运动受欢迎的原因及它带来的危险性，作者并不支持这项激烈的运动。 9．前文“It takes boxers hours in the gym and years to develop the specific characteristics needed to be a great boxer.(拳击手需要在健身房花上几个小时和几年的时间来培养成为一名伟大拳击手所需的特定特征)”可知，成为拳击手是需要耗费时间和精力的，E选项“也许这就是成功的拳击手被视为大英雄的原因”表示前一句是成为拳击手会被看成大英雄的原因。故选E。 10．后文“They do that because the boxer comes from their own country, and if “their” boxer loses, they often feel as if they have lost a fight themselves.(他们这样做是因为拳击手来自他们自己的国家，如果“他们的”拳击手输了，他们通常会觉得自己输了一场比赛)”表示观众对于某个拳击手有特殊的情感，B选项“有时拳击迷们会为某个拳击手加油”说明这一点，引出下文。故选B。 11．后文“Although boxers wear gloves during the fights, and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets, a kind of strong hard hat, there have frequently been accidents in both professional and amateur boxing, sometimes with dramatic consequences.Boxers have suffered from head injuries, and occasionally, fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ring.(虽然拳击手在比赛中戴手套，业余拳击手甚至要戴头盔，一种坚固的安全帽，但在职业和业余拳击中经常发生事故，有时会造成严重后果。拳击手头部受伤，偶尔，拳击手甚至因为在拳击场上被击倒而死亡)”说明拳击比赛的危险很大，A选项“然而，拳击是一项非常危险的运动”与上文描述“大家喜欢看拳击比赛”形成转折，且后文引出危险，承上启下。故选A。 12．前文“To conclude, I am personally not at all in favor of aggressive sports like boxing.(总之，我个人根本不赞成像拳击这样的激烈运动)”表示作者不支持这种激烈运动，后文“We can celebrate more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes in our society.(我们可以庆祝更多的从事非攻击性运动的男性和女性作为我们的社会英雄)”都在表明作者不赞成拳击运动，F选项“我认为如果电视上少播一些激烈的体育节目会更好”同样表示作者的观点，符合语境。故选F。 Passage 4、 Empathy Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. 13 Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs. Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation, Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect, Humans learn by example — and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic. There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples, Humans are socially related by nature. 14 Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear. Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. 15 “Academics are important, But if you don’t have emotional intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says. What’s the best way to up your EQ? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. 16 A．Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person. B．Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human — and having empathy is decisive to those relationships. C．“One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,” Freed says. D．Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else — both what they think and how they feel. E．Good social skills — including empathy — are a kind of "emotional intelligence" that will help you succeed in many areas of life. F．That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said. 【答案】13．F 14．B 15．E 16．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过分析大学生同理心下降的现象，探讨了同理心的重要性以及提高情商的方法。 13．上文“Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years.(去年，密歇根大学的研究人员报告称，在过去10年中，大学生的同理心（即理解他人的能力）急剧下降)”说明大学生的同理心在急剧下降，以及下文“Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs. (如今，人们更多地独自度过时间，不太倾向于加入团体和俱乐部)”说明人们现在更倾向于独自度过时间，不喜欢和其他人接触。F项“研究人员说，这可能是因为许多人已经用屏幕时间取代了面对面的时间。”解释上文的原因，并且F项中的“face time with screen time”与下文形成呼应，指出人们因为屏幕时间的增加而减少了面对面的交流，这可能是同理心下降的原因之一。故选F。 14．上文提到“There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples, Humans are socially related by nature. (有充分的理由不去效仿那些坏榜样，因为人类天生具有社会联系)”说明人类天生具有社会联系。B项“与他人建立关系是做人的重要部分——而拥有同理心对这些关系至关重要。”中的“Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human”与上文一致，强调了人与人之间的关系是人性的一部分，同理心对于这些关系至关重要。故选B。 15．上文提到“Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. (同理心也是一个好的领导者的标志)”，E项“良好的社交技能——包括同理心——是一种‘情感智力’，它将帮助你在生活的许多领域取得成功。”中的“Good social skills — including empathy — are a kind of “emotional intelligence””与上文一致，强调了同理心作为一种社交技能，是情感智力的一部分，对于成功至关重要。故选E。 16．上文提到“What’s the best way to up your EQ? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. (提升你的情商最好的方法是什么？首先，放下你的戒备，真正地倾听他人)”，说明提高情商的最好方式是放下防备，真正倾听他人。C项“‘一个人不是通过拥有许多观点和进行大量谈话来发展同理心的，’弗里德说。”中的“One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking”与上文形成对比，指出发展同理心不是通过发表许多意见和进行大量谈话来实现的，而是通过倾听来实现。故选C。 Passage 5、 The worst time to look for a job is when you feel desperate and must have a new one immediately. 17 If you are not in need of an immediate career change, here are ways you can improve your long-ter career prospects today: Identify at least two different roles. You do not have to be qualified for these positions today, nor do they have to exist in your company. However, these roles should be related to your current skill set. They are career options that look interesting. 18 Pay close attention to what appeals to you, and write it down. This will give insight into your motivations and targets. Subscribe to a career specific magazine. Knowledge is power in the workplace. All businesses must stay relevant to their customers in order to win the competitions and increase revenue (收益), Reading about industry trends, advancements and success stories keeps you in touch with market conditions. This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the pack. You can follow their examples in your own workplace. 19 Do exceptional work. In any role, there is a way to perform at your best. Look for ways to deliver a top performance. Show up early, be flexible to new assignments, have a positive attitude, cooperate with other departments, pay attention to the little details. Be professionally curious. Talk to people about their careers. Learn more about how success measured in other roles, departments and companies, Ask people their thoughts on different industries. 20 People hire people. You never know what connections may be relevant when you start your next job search, so develop a habit of making good connections no matter where you go. Take the time to learn about others, and be helpful when you can. As in all things in life, getting in front of a difficult task early is always less stressful than reacting to a career surprise. Changing jobs is to be expected. No matter how secure you feel today, the time will come when either you or your employer decide it is time to change. A．lf you associate with distinguished people, you are likely to find yourself with better opportunities. B．Challenge yourself to expand your business knowledge through interactions with people at regular time. C．In addition, the chances, if any, are low that you can find a satisfactory job in an economic situation like this. D．Once you have a couple of targets, think about why and what interests you. E．That is to say, the people you keep company with determine your character development. F．Job searching under pressure often results in nervous interviewing and decision-making from relatively few options. 【答案】17．F 18．D 19．A 20．B 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些可以帮助人们改善长期的职业前景的方法。 17．根据上一句“The worst time to look for a job is when you feel desperate and must have a new one immediately.”（找工作最糟糕的时候是你感到绝望，必须立即找到一份新工作的时候。），选项F. Job searching under pressure often results in nervous interviewing and decision-making from relatively few options.（在压力下找工作往往会导致面试紧张，在相对较少的选择下做出决定。）具体解释了在绝望时急于找新工作是最糟糕的时候的原因，承接上文。故选F。 18．根据前文“Identify at least two different roles.”（确定至少两个不同的角色。）和“They are career options that look interesting.”（它们都是看起来很有趣的职业选择。），选项D. Once you have a couple of targets, think about why and what interests you.（一旦你有了几个目标，想想为什么和什么让你感兴趣。）中的“targets”和前文中的“roles”和“options ”呼应，并且进一步指出了确定几个职业目标后，下一步要做的事情，承接上文；而下一句“Pay close attention to what appeals to you, and write it down.”（密切关注吸引你的东西，并把它写下来。）又在选项D的基础上，指明了在考虑过感兴趣的事物和原因之后的具体做法，衔接下文。故选D。 19．根据前文“This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the pack. You can follow their examples in your own workplace.”（这些信息可以让你看到哪些公司和专业人士处于领先地位。你可以在自己的工作场所以他们为榜样。）可知，前文提到了可以将一些在行业中处于领先地位的专业人士视为榜样，选项A. lf you associate with distinguished people, you are likely to find yourself with better opportunities. They seek out extreme sports as a way to actually feel.（如果你和杰出的人交往，你可能会发现自己有更好的机会。）建议不仅可以将杰出的专业人士视为榜样，还可以与他们交往联系，这样就会有更好的机会，语意衔接合理。故选A。 20．根据第四段主题句“Be professionally curious.”（要有职业上的好奇心。）和前文“Talk to people about their careers. Learn more about how success measured in other roles, departments and companies, Ask people their thoughts on different industries.”（和别人谈谈他们的职业，了解其他职位、部门和公司是如何衡量成功的，询问人们对不同行业的看法。）可知，该段主要强调了要有职业上的好奇心，多与他人交流，了解自己行业的相关知识和信息；选项B. Challenge yourself to expand your business knowledge through interactions with people at regular time.（挑战自己，通过定期与人交流来扩展你的职业知识。）概括总结了前文提到的具体的做法，衔接合理；下文中“so develop a habit of making good connections no matter where you go.”（所以，无论你去哪里，都要养成良好的联系习惯。）又进一步强调了与人沟通交流的重要性，符合语境。故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题20：高中新题型之六选四 （初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 上海初中阶段，任务型阅读类型是“阅读简答题”，考查学生信息查找能力、语篇理解能力和归纳概括能力。一般以记叙文为主，设问以特殊疑问句居多。 高中要求 上海高中阶段，任务型阅读类型是“六选四”，一般以说明文和议论文为主，选文逻辑严密、结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型分布以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅。 【初中考点聚焦】 1. 信息捕捉：考生需要能够快速从文章中捕捉到关键信息，理解文章的主旨大意，并能够根据这些信息回答相关问题。 2. 细节理解：考查学生对文章中具体细节的把握能力，包括人物、事件、时间、地点等具体信息的识别和理解。 3. 推理判断：考生需要根据文章内容进行逻辑推理，推断作者的意图、态度以及文章中未明确表述的含义。 4. 归纳总结：要求学生能够对文章的段落或全文进行归纳总结，概括出中心思想或主题22。 5. 语言运用：考生在回答问题时，需要正确运用语言表达自己对文章的理解，包括时态、语态、词性转换等语言知识的运用。 【示例】 （Mike is telling a story. It happened when he was seven.） It was New Year’s Eve. In the morning, I heard Grandma tell Mum she needed a football for the New Year’s Eve dinner. “A football for the dinner? What’s it for?” I wondered. “Anyway, I will get one! I can do something nice for Grandma.” I remembered my friend Joe had an old football. I went out quietly and found him. I gave him my favourite model car in exchange for his football. I took the football home, shined it and put it on the living room table secretly. I waited in my room for Grandma to notice it. ........ 74. How old was Mike when the story happened? ______________________________________________________________ 75 What did Mike give Joe to get the football? ........ 【高中考点聚焦】 考纲解读 上海高中阶段，六选四阅读文章一般选文逻辑严密、结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型分布以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅，以考查上下文逻辑关系为主，考查段落主题句为辅，间或考查段属的结论概括性语句。六个备选项意义都与文章内容相关，有一定的干扰迷惑性。试题主要依据句子在上下文中衔接情况来命制，衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接、逻辑衔接、词汇衔接。可按这几个原则判断空格与选项是否匹配。 【示例】 Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A．Bike tourism is on the rise in the United States and around the world, according to the News. B．Slowly, you can see snapshots of people’s daily lives and interact with them. C． Travelling alters your attitude towards the whole world. D．What’s good for the heart is good for the brain, so riding and staying fit is sort of a priority in my life. E. Traveling changes your view of money and what it can do for you. F. Every time you make a roadside stop, you have the opportunity to meet people or see something new. Travel the World by Bike Rachel Hugens met her husband, Patrick, while bicycle touring. The Hugenses, who live in Boise, when not on their bikes, recently went on their latest round-the-world adventure. They visited 36 countries on a tour, touching Europe, Africa, Asia and South America. “Traveling by bike is the ultimate freedom,” Rachel said via email. “On a bike, you become part of the scenery. The landscape is not framed by a window. 45 ” A growing community Dennis Swift, secretary of the Southwest Idaho Mountain Biking Association, rode across the U.S last year–from Seattle to Salem, Massachusetts. Six people started the tour and three finished, riding 52 out of 56 days. They averaged about 60 miles per riding day. “We took quite a few pictures; we didn’t keep our head down the whole way,” Swift said. “We got to meet different people. It’s the people that are probably most important.” Swift also rode through the Basque Country with a group of Boise cyclists last year. He’s planning to participate in a Virginia bike tour this year. “When you get older, your health is the number one priority.” he said, “ 46 ” Seeing the places in between “Traveling by bicycle forces you to visit the places in between that many backpackers traveling by bus would pass by,” Patrick said. “ 47 ” The challenges, beyond the obvious mental and physical energy required, include navigating visa requirements, food choices, language barriers, poor riding surfaces and boxing bikes for air travel, Rachel said. Financial flexibility to travel This is the third time that the couple has quit their jobs to tour. Rachel is a registered nurse; Patrick is an architect. Both regained their former jobs when they returned home in 2000 and 2007. They’re uncertain what will happen this time. They’ve given themselves financial flexibility by paying off their home, commuting to work by bike and avoiding some of the bills that are important parts for most (cell phones, cable TV). They travel with a $50 daily budget. “ 48 ” Rachel said. “We’ve met some cyclists traveling long term on a $10 daily budget. They can travel as long as their money lasts, so they’re motivated to spend wisely.” 考点清单 1) 阅读六选四试题位置特点: 1.段首句。通常是段落主题句,或与后文形成并列、转折、因果等关系,又或是段落间的过渡句。 2.段中句。通常与前后句形成并列、递进、因果、转折等关系。 3.段尾句。通常是结论、概括性语句,又或者是引出下一段的内容。从上表还可以看出试题设置在段中的数量较多,段首句和段尾句较少。在做题过程中,段中试题由于有段落内上下文的提示,比较容易得到答案。段尾试题往往是段落的总结,难度也不大。通常情况下,段首的试题难度也比较小,因为在英语写作中,段首句多为段落主旨句,考生可以根据段落后面的文本快速推测答案。但是当段首句是对上下段的过渡时,难度陡增。 2) 六选四文章结构 (a)描述性结构(主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点，对人物的描述如传记，包括人身体特征、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好、成就贡献等内容进行描述，因此时间、地点往往是出题重点) (b)释义性结构(解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用例子比喻类比阐述) (c)比较性结构(把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行对比) (d)原因性结构(这种结构主要分析事物的成因，客观的、主观的、直接的、间接的) (e)驳斥性结构(这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对其评论或驳斥，然后分析其优点缺点、危害性、最后阐明自己的观点) · 考点一：段首题 ......... Purpose of sleep 　2　 Sleep helps our body heal(修复), grow, and stay healthy. It also gives us energy, so we can be active all day. Doctors and health scientists say: When you close your eyes and need to rest, sleep is just the very best! This is more than advice.   A.Sleepy animals B.Why do we need sleep? C.Some people talk in their dreams. · 考点二：段中题 若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。 From there, there is both good news and bad news. The bad news? ___70___ So, they have to judge if they are on the mark by themselves, Murray said. But the good news is that men and boys often do well when they go through treatment for their eating disorders. A. The eating disorder field has to treat males based on studies that include only females. B. Will a boy or man experience eating disorders in that way too? C. The best way to help them get into treatment is to share the truth — they are not alone. · 考点三：段尾题 Question: I have recently got a serious position within my company. One of my new tasks is to make monthly progress reports on my department in front of other senior officials. During my first meeting, I presented and then opened the floor to questions. There were many difficult questions. My first reaction was to answer defensively. Later, I realized that I shouldn't have felt that way. But how can I keep cool and effectively answer questions in this type of settings? Answer: Congratulations on your new position! Presenting in front of your peers is a hard task in itself, and it comes much more difficult when a question-and-answer per is required question-and-answer periods as a great way to clarify the message and strengthen key points, __________ Show your true interest. When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification. B. Restate the question with respect. C. Some ideas can be quite concrete. D. Here are some ideas that can help you prepare for your next meeting. Guns have a special place in American culture, and though not everyone agrees on whether or not they are a good thing, there is no mistaking that they will be part of the cultural landscape for some time. To answer the question, no, not everyone has a gun. 1 Americans use guns for one of two uses: either for sport, where they can use them on firing ranges or for hunting in approved areas, or for self-protection. The latter is where most people begin to take sides, either arguing for the removal of guns from society or allowing more people to have them. There are organizations and community groups for both sides and both sides have strong feelings. Legally, there are restrictions on gun owners. 2 Only certain kinds of weapons can be purchased by the public, and that excludes automatic weapon and military grade weaponry. Gun owners must transport their weapon in a safe way, unloaded and in most cases, out of sight. Special—concealed carry permits from the police station must be obtained for people who want to wear weapon, and most people are rejected for this kind of permit. 3 Criminals steal guns or buy them illegally to commit crimes, and the news is full of terrible stories of what happened next. Occasionally a child will get a hold of legal weapon and accidentally hurt themselves or others. It is important to remember, however, that the news stories that make the United States seem like a dangerous place are deceiving; guns are not everywhere or constant. 4 After all, America is a safe place to live. A．You are only allowed to purchase a firearm if you have had a background check and meet certain legal requirements. B．There have been many enlightening articles on gun control in America. C．If you were to visit the United States for two months the only gun you might see is in a museum or on a police officer. D．Less than fifty percent of homes in the United States own weapons, and many of those homes are in rural areas where guns may have a greater use. E．More people are deciding to legalize their gun transactions instead of buying them on the black market. F．What alarms people the most about American gun culture are the illegal guns and shooting, which make some places feel unsafe. Passage 1、 How to Survive High School It may feel impossible to survive even a day of high school, let alone three years. However, there are a lot of things you can do to make your high school experience one of the best times of your life. 1 During high school, you may feel under pressure to fit in. You need to try your best to fight the negative feelings and learn to have a change. High school actually gives you an opportunity to discover a real YOU and grow as a person, but it's important that any change should come from within. Make friends with a variety of people. Try to break out of your comfort zone by starting a conversation with people, especially strangers. 2 Over time, you'll develop a friend group filled with unique individuals that like you for who you are and add a lot of value to your life. But do remember — Stay away from the ones who hold negative attitudes towards everything. Spare regular time for exercise. 3 However, even if you're not involved in a sport, try to exercise every day. Though you may feel like your study schedule is jam-packed, remember that staying fit will help improve your school performance. Don't avoid interacting with your teachers. You don't have to be a teacher's pet, though. 4 If possible, spend a few minutes before or after class talking with your teachers about things related to their subject. With these tips to survive high school, you will surely be proud of graduating as an all-round approaching adult. A．Let yourself be who you really are. B．Learn to change and impress your friends. C．Everybody has something to contribute to your growth as a person. D．Pressure from friends is one factor that turns teenagers into risk-takers. E．Try your best to be kind and friendly to everybody you take a class from. F．Joining a school sports team is also a great way to meet like-minded people. Passage 2、 Successful people have a few common characteristics that make them great. Now look at the following common traits exhibited by successful people that I have observed across various fields including sports, business and arts. Self-discipline I put this at the top of the list simply because without self-discipline nothing is possible. Self-discipline is a quality that can be developed by having a clear idea on what we want and then ensuring the desire to succeed is greater than the consequences of not doing it. If we want to exercise 5 times a week, then we can imagine the enormous benefits of exercise and visualise that while trying to keep the end goal in mind. 5 It is resolving to do what we have set out to accomplish in both our personal and official lives. Resilience Angela Lee Duckworth says that grit is the single quality that guarantees success, based on her groundbreaking studies. There are going to be setbacks, like we may not get the promotion we wanted, but having patience and perseverance never goes out of fashion. Talent will not take the place of persistence and resilience. 6 Passion 7 We can look no further than Tiger Woods to understand the value of passion. Tiger Woods who had already reached the apex (顶点) of sporting achievement actually changed his style of swing because he wanted to get the extra edge. This was after winning the Masters tournament by a record of 12 strokes in 1997. Passion can ignite reservoirs of resilience that may lay latent (隐藏的). Tiger Woods didn't play golf for the money though that helped, he played it for the love. Passion can happen when we do something we love,but as a beginning, we should start loving what we do and giving our very best every single day. Curiosity One of the best kept secrets of the highly successful is the ability to keep learning something new every day in their field or related fields. The hallmark of learning is curiosity. Peter Drucker, the father of modern management, is an excellent example of someone who kept learning till the end of his life. 8 When we learn something everyday, it keeps our mind sharp and it also gives a sense of accomplishment as we are using our time wisely. There is no end to this journey of continuous learning. A．You can be down but never out. B．I have noticed that a lot of successful people take care of themselves better. C．If we want to achieve all the things we want, then self-discipline is the best place to start and we have 100% control on this. D．He was always learing something new. E．When you have high self-esteem, you generally feel more positive about life and do better at work. F．Passion is the fuel behind the success engine. Passage 3、 What I Think of Boxing as a Sport Boxing is a popular sport. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently cover boxing matches. It could be the toughest of all sports to survive. It takes boxers hours in the gym and years to develop the specific characteristics needed to be a great boxer. 9 . It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it appealing because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can identify with the winning boxer. This gives them the feeling of being a winner themselves. 10 They do that because the boxer comes from their own country, and if “their” boxer loses, they often feel as if they have lost a fight themselves. It is a fact that many people have feelings of aggression from time to time, but they cannot show their aggression in their everyday lives. Watching a boxing match gives them a way of expressing it. 11 Although boxers wear gloves during the fights, and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets, a kind of strong hard hat, there have frequently been accidents in both professional and amateur boxing, sometimes with dramatic consequences.Boxers have suffered from head injuries, and occasionally, fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ring. Besides, studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing. They are usually in the form of serious brain damage, even if a boxer has never been knocked out. To conclude, I am personally not at all in favor of aggressive sports like boxing. 12 We can celebrate more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes in our society. I believe that the world is aggressive enough already! Of course, people like competitive sports, and so do I, but I think that hitting other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport. A．However, boxing can be a very dangerous sport. B．Sometimes fans are rooting for a particular boxer. C．In boxing, fighters are required to hit a moving target. D．Many fans are drawn to the sport because they love the competition. E．Perhaps that is the reason why successful boxers are treated as big heroes. F．I think it would be better if less time was given to aggressive sports on TV. Passage 4、 Empathy Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. 13 Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs. Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation, Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect, Humans learn by example — and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic. There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples, Humans are socially related by nature. 14 Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear. Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. 15 “Academics are important, But if you don’t have emotional intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says. What’s the best way to up your EQ? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. 16 A．Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person. B．Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human — and having empathy is decisive to those relationships. C．“One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,” Freed says. D．Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else — both what they think and how they feel. E．Good social skills — including empathy — are a kind of "emotional intelligence" that will help you succeed in many areas of life. F．That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said. Passage 5、 The worst time to look for a job is when you feel desperate and must have a new one immediately. 17 If you are not in need of an immediate career change, here are ways you can improve your long-ter career prospects today: Identify at least two different roles. You do not have to be qualified for these positions today, nor do they have to exist in your company. However, these roles should be related to your current skill set. They are career options that look interesting. 18 Pay close attention to what appeals to you, and write it down. This will give insight into your motivations and targets. Subscribe to a career specific magazine. Knowledge is power in the workplace. All businesses must stay relevant to their customers in order to win the competitions and increase revenue (收益), Reading about industry trends, advancements and success stories keeps you in touch with market conditions. This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the pack. You can follow their examples in your own workplace. 19 Do exceptional work. In any role, there is a way to perform at your best. Look for ways to deliver a top performance. Show up early, be flexible to new assignments, have a positive attitude, cooperate with other departments, pay attention to the little details. Be professionally curious. Talk to people about their careers. Learn more about how success measured in other roles, departments and companies, Ask people their thoughts on different industries. 20 People hire people. You never know what connections may be relevant when you start your next job search, so develop a habit of making good connections no matter where you go. Take the time to learn about others, and be helpful when you can. As in all things in life, getting in front of a difficult task early is always less stressful than reacting to a career surprise. Changing jobs is to be expected. No matter how secure you feel today, the time will come when either you or your employer decide it is time to change. A．lf you associate with distinguished people, you are likely to find yourself with better opportunities. B．Challenge yourself to expand your business knowledge through interactions with people at regular time. C．In addition, the chances, if any, are low that you can find a satisfactory job in an economic situation like this. D．Once you have a couple of targets, think about why and what interests you. E．That is to say, the people you keep company with determine your character development. F．Job searching under pressure often results in nervous interviewing and decision-making from relatively few options. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$