Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 句子成分和基本句型课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

福建莆田市涵江区微铭高级中学 立德 启智 健体 育美 英语句子成分和基本句型 1 1 2 CONTENTS 目 录 The components of English sentence英语句子成分 The structures of English sentence 英语基本句型 2 Part 1 The components of English sentence英语句子成分 Review 初中知识回顾:英语中的词类、句子成分 Parts of speech 10大英语词类 名词 n （noun） 冠词 art（article)： 数词 num（numeral） 代词 pron(pronoun) 连词 conj (conjuction） 动词 v(verb) 形容词 adj(adjective) 副词 adv（adverb） 介词 prep(preposition) 感叹词 int(interjection) apple Components 8大英语句子成分： 顺口溜：主谓宾 定状补 表同位 1.主语：动作的发出者 I eat apples 2.谓语：主语的动作或状态 l eat apples. 3.宾语：动作的承受者 l eat apples. 4.定语：修饰宾语或主语 l eat red apples. 5.状语：修饰谓语动词 l eat apples quickly. 6.宾语补足语：对宾语进行补充说明 I asked you to eat the apple. 7.表语：描述主语的特征（系动词后). The apple is red. 8.同位语:对主语、宾语等进一步解释说明 You, my students, like eating apples. 4 Compare对比：句子包括哪些成分？ 汉语句子成分有六种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。 英语句子基本成分有八种:主语S（subject）、谓语Pred（predicate）、宾语O（object） 定语Attr（attribute）、状语adv(adverbial) 、补语C（complement） 表语P（predicative）、同位语App(appositive) 顺口溜：主谓宾 定状补 表同位 5 句子成分 意义 哪些词类可充当 例句 主语 动作的发出者 名，代，数，不定 式(to do)，动名词(V-ing)，短语或 句子 We study in WeiMin Senior High School. 谓语 主语的动作或状态 动词或动词词组 She is dancing under the tree. 宾语 动作的承受者 同主语 Both of us like English. 表语 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓 语，说明主语是什么,怎么样 同主语 Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable. 定语 修饰名词或代词 形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子 We have eight lessons every day. 状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原 因，目的，方式，结果等 副词，介词短语或句 子 He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood. 宾语 补足语 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 形容词，名词，介词 短语等 She always keeps the house clean. 主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！ 句子成分(1):主谓宾 1.主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于______ 。 句首 1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard. 3.To learn a foreign language is not easy. 4.Playing football after school is great fun. 7 在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在be动词之后。 There are some bottles of milk in the box. There is a duck in the lake. 8 形式主语（形式上的主语）和真正主语（真正的主语） 原因：常用作形式主语的是代词it。当主语过长时，可以先用代词it作为形式上的主语，而把真正的主语放在句子尾部，避免句子“头重脚轻”，影响平衡美感。 例1：动词不定式短语作主语 参照：To get to school usually takes me thirty minutes. 例句：It usually takes me thirty minutes to get to school. 例2：主语从句作主语 参照：That we have to work more than ten hours every day is a fact. 例句：It is a fact that we have to work more than ten hours every day. 例3：动名词短语作主语 参照：Pretending to work hard in front of others is no good for oneself. 例句：It is no good for oneself pretending to work hard in front of others. 9 主语在哪里 1.Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. 2.The young should respect the old. 3.To be a teacher is my dream. 4.Seeing is believing.（眼见为实） 5.It is important to learn Enlish well. 10 主语可以用下面这些词类表示： 1. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes dancing. （ ） 3. Two will be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 名词 代词 数词 v-ing 不定式 11 2.谓语: 主语发出的动作，说明主语“做什么” 或“怎么样”,由动词或动词词组担任；是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. They are playing over there. 4. Mr. Lin teaches us maths. 12 谓语在哪里 They can speak English well. He looked after two boys. They enjoyed playing computer games. We have finished reading this book. 13 1.感官动词：smell, look at, see, watch, hear, listen to, notice, observe, feel, taste. 2.使役动词： have let, make, get 3. 表示心理情感状态的词： consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, wish, expect等 14 3.宾 语 表示动作, 行为的对象 说明主语“做了什么” （所做的事） He is looking at the dog. Can I ask some questions? 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词后 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语、介词之后． 15 He gave me two books. Tom teaches us English. 双宾语 人是间接宾语物是直接宾语 常跟双宾语的词 give , buy, teach(导与练第3页) 16 宾语分为直接宾语(DO)和间接宾语(IO)，指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语，合称双宾语。 1.He gave me some ink. 间宾 直宾 2.Our teacher told us an interesting story. 间宾 直宾 17 宾语在哪里 My brother hasn’t done his homework. 　　　　                          You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. 　       　　             She lived a happy life. He began to learn English a year ago. She brought me a gift. 18 Summary 2 谓语 “做….” 或“怎么样” 3 宾语 动作行为”做”的对象 主语 “什么人”或“什么事” 1 3.定 语: 修饰名词或代词 句子成分(2): 定状补 1.Dalian is a beautiful city. 大连是个美丽的城市。 2.The girl with glasses is my sister. 那个戴着眼睛的女孩是我的姐妹。 3.The man standing there is our teacher. 站在那儿的男士是我们的老师。 4.Are there differences between spoken English and writen English？ 5.I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多要做的作业。 6.The car 7. 8. 20 The car that is parked outside is mine. 停在外面的那个车是我的 There are so many fallen leaves there. 这里有好多的落下的叶子 Our country is a developing country. 我们的国家是一个发展中的国家 The building being built will be our classroom. 这栋在建的大楼将会是我们的教室 The suggestion sent to the commitee was adopted. 送去委员会的建议得到了采纳 Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr Green? 你认识站在格林先生旁边的这位男士吗？ Write question 10 here tekhnologic  1 2 3 4 5 6 气球游戏：回答问题，正确可保住篮筐不掉，可奖励免写一篇练字、全班鼓掌一次，错误只得勉励鼓掌一次。 找出定语 找出定语 Some people forgot to sweep the floor. A       B        C                  D The man downstairs was trying to sleep.　　 A              B        C         D 22 修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句, 说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。 状 语 The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machines. He sat there quietly. 23 修饰动词 The dog walked slowly along the street (沿着街). She swims very well. 状语（程度） 修饰形容词 He was very serious, but extremely boring. He is old enough to decide for himself. 修饰副词 He runs very fast. 修饰句子 Fortunately, the driver escaped the danger. The driver escaped the danger, fortunately. 24 找出状语 He began writing when he was eleven.　　　 A       B          C                   D There was a big smile on her face. 　A      B          C             D 25 补充说明宾语 宾语补足语 We elected him our monitor. He asked her to take the boy out of school. I like to keep everything tidy. I'm going to paint it pink. 26 I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. A  B          C               D They call me Lily sometimes. 　A    B    C    D 找出宾补 27 Her mother is a bank clerk. The food tastes delicious. 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词， 副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当． 表语位于系动词后面． 表语 predicative 说明主语“是什么”, “怎么样” 位于系动词之后 28 eg.You looks handsome. eg.You becomes beautiful. eg.She keeps silent. eg.She is a girl. 记笔记： 29 He is a teacher. 他是个老师 To see is to believe.眼见为实 I feel much better today.我今天感觉好多了 He is out of danger.他脱离危险了 The news was exciting.这个消息激动人心 Everything looks nice. 每个东西看起来都不错 Write question 10 here tekhnologic  1 2 3 4 5 6 气球游戏：回答问题，正确可保住篮筐不掉，可奖励免写一篇练字、全班鼓掌一次，错误只得勉励鼓掌一次。 找出表语 (提示：主系表 结构) 1 Summary总结 2 定语用来修饰名词或代词 3 状语修饰动词，形容词或副词、句子 4 宾补用来补充说明宾语的情况 表语“是什么”,”怎么样” 31 指出下列划线部分的成分 We all study hard at English. Betty likes her new bike. My father is a policeman. Were you at home last night ? 5. Winter is the coldest season of the year. 6. He often walks in the park. 宾语 谓语 表语 状语 定语 状语 32 7. Mary asked me to help her yesterday. 8. He bought me a nice present. 9. I will get you some tea. 10. He has read the novel twice. 11.He seemed unhappy when he heard the news. 12. Do you have something to eat ? 13. We made him our monitor. 14. There seems little hopes of success 宾语补足语 间宾 定语 谓语 表语 定语 宾语补足语 主语 33 Part 2 The structures of English sentence 英语基本句型结构 1.常见的句子结构 记笔记：句子结构有分三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。 1、简单句(simple sentence): 1个主语+n个谓语 或 n个主语和+1个谓语 eg.1.He is a boy. 2.She smiled and said nothing. 3. You and I love dogs. 35 简单句的基本句型结构 简单句：1个主语+n个谓语 或 n个主语和+1个谓语。 根据句子的基本结构，简单句分为五种基本结构: 1.ＳＶ （主＋谓） 2.Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 3.Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 4.Ｓ Ｖ IO DＯ （主＋谓＋主谓双宾） 双宾：间接宾语和直接宾语 5.Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 36 1.S + Vi (主+谓) 结构 谓语动词为不及物动词。 1.He laughed. 主(S) 谓(V) 2.Great changes have taken place in my home town. S V 3.The teacher teaches well. S V 注意：Vi是不及物动词（不能直接 接物的动词），即后面不能直接加宾语或表语，若加需要借助介词 37 2.S + Vt + O (主+谓+宾结构) 1.He bought a computer last year. 主(S) 谓(V) 宾(O) 3.He often reads newspaper before breakfast. S V O 2.I like English. S V O 注意：Vt是及物动词（能直接 接物的动词），即后面能直接加宾语或表语 38 3.S + Vi(link v.) + P (主+系动词+表语) 1.We are students. 主 系 表 2.Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. S V P 3.The food tastes delicious. S V P 4.She looks young. S V P 39 4.S + Vt. + IO + DO (主+谓+双宾) 1.He gave me a gift. 主 谓 间接宾语 直接宾语 2.My mother bought me a dictionary yesterday. S V IO DO 3.Will you tell us something about your school life ? S V IO DO 双宾：间接宾语、直接宾语 40 5.S + vt. + O + C(主+谓+宾+宾补结构) 1.We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. S Vt O C 2.Our teacher asks us to speak English as much as possible. S Vt O C 3.The teacher allowed him to do this. S Vt O C 41 Time flies.时光飞逝 Everybody laughed. 大家都笑了 They have been studying.他们一直在学习 They all like him very much.他们所有人都喜欢他 The baby pandas drinks milk. 熊猫宝宝喝牛奶 He passed her a new dress. 他递给她一件新裙子 Write question 10 here tekhnologic  1 2 3 4 5 6 Practice 气球游戏：回答问题，正确可保住篮筐不掉，可奖励免写一篇练字、全班鼓掌一次，错误只得勉励鼓掌一次。 指出简单句的基本句型结构 提示：主谓 主系表 主谓宾 主谓双宾 主谓宾宾补 There be 句型 We found him an honest man.我们觉得他是个老实人 I heard him singing.我听见他在唱歌 I don’t know what to do.我不知道做什么 She showed her friends all her pictures. 她向她的朋友们展示了自己的画 The dinner smells good. 这顿晚饭闻起来香喷喷的 Leaves turns green in spring.春天时 树叶变绿了 Write question 10 here tekhnologic  7 8 9 10 11 12 Practice 气球游戏：回答问题，正确可保住篮筐不掉，可奖励免写一篇练字、全班鼓掌一次，错误只得勉励鼓掌一次。 指出简单句的基本句型结构 提示：主谓 主系表 主谓宾 主谓双宾 主谓宾宾补 There be 句型 记笔记：简单句的五种基本句型列式如下： Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓） Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） Ｓ Ｖ IO DＯ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 记笔记：主语和谓语是一句子中不可缺少的 总结 44 2.常见的句子结构 记笔记：句子结构有分三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。 1、简单句(simple sentence): 1个主语+n个谓语 或 n个主语和+1个谓语 eg.1.He is a boy. 2.She and he will go there. 3、复合句(complex sentence): 1个主句+n个从句（见导与练第9页） eg. 1.The boy who is standing under the tree is my brother. 2.Who will go is not important. 2、并列句(compound sentence): 简单句+并列连词+简单句（见导与练第9页） eg. 1.He is a boy and she is a girl. 2.It is raining, so I wear my coat. 45 I am a high shcool student.我是个高中生 I am a high shcool student. I like playing basketball. 我是个高中生。我喜欢玩篮球。 I am a high shcool student and I like playing basketball. 我是个高中生, 而且我喜欢玩篮球。 I like playing basketball and ping-pong. 我喜欢玩篮球和兵乓球。 I like playing basketball, ping-pong and football. 我喜欢玩篮球、兵乓球和足球。 I like playing the basketball that you hold in you arms. 我喜欢玩那个在你手上的篮球。 Write question 10 here tekhnologic  1 2 3 4 5 6 Practice 气球游戏：回答问题，正确可奖励全班鼓掌一次，错误只得勉励鼓掌一次。 判断句子类型 提示：简单句 并列句 复合句 Homework 作业 1、复习：上周和这周所学内容笔记。随机到办公室抽背（今天内） 2、作业：导与练6-11页。可不做汉译英，收放办公室（今天内） 3、新课预习作业：导与练12页。参考课本112页完成（今天内） 4、预习课文：第1-3页。包括预习题干和课文，根据112页的词汇表或者字典查找，在不认识的单词旁边写出中文含义（今天内），课代表检查，未完成站着听课。 47 $$