Unit2 Sports Culture Grammar and usage 课件-2023-2024学年高中英语译林版（2020）选择性必修第二册

Unit 2 Grammar & usage Passive Voice 现在进行时和现在完成时 西游记中沙僧说得 最多的四句话？ 大师兄，师父被妖怪捉走了！ 二师兄，师父被妖怪捉走了！ 大师兄，二师兄被妖怪捉走了！ 大师兄，师父和二师兄被妖怪捉走了！ 什么是语态？ 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明句中主语和谓语关系。 主动语态 被动语态 active voice passive voice 猴子打八戒 八戒被猴子打 The monkey beats Bajie. Bajie is beaten by the monkey. 主语 动作的发出者 谓语 动作 宾语 动作的承受者 主动语态 被动语态 动作的承受者 主语 当一个句子的主语是动作的承受者的时候，我们就可以称这个句子为被动语态 主语 动作 主语 动作 主动语态 被动语态 执行 承受 把字句 被字句 Passive voice（被动语态） in the present continuous (现在进行时) and present perfect tenses （现在完成时） 一般现在时 表示现阶段经常发生的动作，也表示客观存在的事实和规律。 主动语态： do\dose 被动语态： am\is\are+done(过去分词) We clean the classroom. The classroom is cleaned by us. The pretty young English teacher______(love) by all her students. 这位年轻漂亮的英语老师受到所有学生的喜爱。 A sound of piano ____________ (hear)in the next room. 听到隔壁房间里有钢琴声 is loved is often heard 一般过去时 表示在过去的某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态，此动作或状态始于过去并且结束于过去。 主动语态： did 被动语态： was\were+done(过去分词) We cleaned the classroom. The classroom was cleaned by us. 一般将来时 表示将来某一特定时间将发生的动作或出现的某种状态，也表示某种打算、计划或准备要做某事。 主动语态： will\shall do 被动语态： will\shall + be + done(过去分词) We will clean the classroom tomorrow The classroom will be cleaned by us tomorrow. This matter ____________(look) into in the future. 将来会调查这件事的。 What ___________________(discuss) today? 今天要讨论什么呢？ will be looked is going to be discussed Passive voice（被动语态） in the present continuous (现在进行时) and present perfect tenses （现在完成时） 现在进行时 表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。此动作始于过去，现在正在进行，而且可能会继续进行下去。 主动语态：be + doing 现在进行时的被动语态： am\is\are + being + done(过去分词) We are cleaning the classroom. The classroom is being cleaned by us. be + done 被动语态 正在已经被… The passive voice in the present continuous tense 现在进行时的被动语态强调主语是动作的承受者，表示说话时正在进行着的被动动作、现阶段正在进行着的被动动作。可用by引出动作的发出者。 e.g. The man is being questioned by the police now. 这名男子现在正在接受警方的讯问。 rules 15 The verb form of the passive voice in the present continuous tense: 现在进行时被动语态的动词形式： 肯定句： am / is / are + being +过去分词 否定句： am / is / are + not + being +过去分词 一般疑问句： Am / Is / Are +主语+ being +动词的过去分词 16 (三)用法 1.表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常用now，at the moment等时间状语。 My younger sister is now being interviewed. 我妹妹现在正在接受采访。 2.表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。 These animals are being hunted at such a speed that they will disappear soon. 以如此速度捕杀动物，它们很快就会消失。 3.表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always，constantly，often等词连用，表示有赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。 I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is often being broken. 我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。 4.与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。 Jim may be being interviewed by the reporters at the very moment. 吉姆此刻可能正在被记者们采访。 [名师点津]　(1)stay，love，have，want，belong to等一般不用于现在进行时的被动语态。 (2)“be＋under/in等介词＋名词” 结构可用来表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。 The telephone is in use.＝The telephone is being used. 电话正在使用中。 The thief _______________(question) in the next room. 那个小偷正在隔壁房间接受提问。 is being questioned 现在完成时 表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在或与现在仍有联系。 主动语态 have\has done 被动语态： have\has + been +done(过去分词) We have cleaned the classroom. The classroom has been cleaned by us. be done 被动语态 现在已经被… The passive voice in the present perfect tense 现在完成时的被动语态表示被动动作在过去发生或完成，但是对现在仍然有影响或者表示过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在, 句中经常有 “for +一段时间”, “since +从句”, so far等状语。 e.g. They haven't been told about it yet. 他们还没有被告知这件事。 21 The verb form of the passive voice in the present perfect tense： 现在完成时被动语态的动词形式： 肯定句： have / has + been +过去分词 否定句： have / has + not + been +过去分词 一般疑问句： Have / Has +主语+ been +过去分词 22 (二)用法 1.现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，just，never，recently等副词连用。 The machine has already been repaired. 机器已经被修好了。 [名师点津]　常与现在完成时连用的时间状语： already已经 yet 已经 recently/lately最近 since then从那时起 ever since自那以来 ever曾经 so far迄今为止 for a long time 很长一段时间 by now到现在为止 in recent years在最近几年里 in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里 2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句型中。 Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours. 公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。 How long has this film been shown? 这部电影已放映多长时间了？ 3.用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished. 在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。 The party _______________(plan) since the new year. 此次聚会自新年起就被筹划了。 The project __________________(complete). 这项工程已经完成了. has been planned has been completed 现在完成时 1.只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 His boss has already punished him. →He has already been punished (by his boss). 注意事项 2.带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。 The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently. →He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company). →A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company). 返 回 Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.These children (look) after by an old man now. 2.How many cars (make) in the factory since 1990? 3.Since your work (finish)，you can have a rest now. 4.Many interesting experiments (carry) out these days. 5.More than 100 famous films (show) in the city since July. are being looked have been made has been finished are being carried have been shown 熟能生巧 6.Three new schools (open) in our city in the past five years. 7.Wait a minute.The dishes for the dinner (cook) in the kitchen. 8.They are living with their parents because their own house ______________ (rebuild). have been opened are being cooked is being rebuilt Make sentences with passive voice in the present continuous or present perfect tenses. construct The road is being constructed. The road has been constructed. repair The car is being repaired. The car has been repaired. The dish is being cooked. The dish has been cooked. cook 其他时态及其被动语态的补充 一般现在时 表示现阶段经常发生的动作，也表示客观存在的事实和规律。 主动语态： do\dose 被动语态： am\is\are+done(过去分词) We clean the classroom. The classroom is cleaned by us. 一般过去时 表示在过去的某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态，此动作或状态始于过去并且结束于过去。 主动语态： did 被动语态： was\were+done(过去分词) We cleaned the classroom. The classroom was cleaned by us. 一般将来时 表示将来某一特定时间将发生的动作或出现的某种状态，也表示某种打算、计划或准备要做某事。 主动语态： will\shall do 被动语态： will\shall + be + done(过去分词) We will clean the classroom tomorrow The classroom will be cleaned by us tomorrow. 过去进行时 表示过去某一特定时刻正在发生的动作。此动作始于过去，在过去某一特定时间正在进行，并可能继续进行下去。 主动语态： was\were + doing 被动语态： was\were + being +done(过去分词) We were cleaning the classroom at that time. The classroom was being cleaned by us at that time. When I called, tea _______________(serve). 当我打电话时，正要上茶。 The Children's Palace _____________(build) last month. I'm not sure if it is completed. 少年宫上个月正在被修建，我不清楚完成了没有。 was being served was being built 过去完成时 表示以过去某个时间为标准，在此过去时间以前发生的动作或状态。 主动语态： had done 被动语态： had + been done(过去分词) We had cleaned the classroom before he went home. The classroom had been cleaned by us before he went home. Sophia looked at the lanterns that _______________(light)and placed near the opening. 索菲娅望着那些已经点亮的并放在洞口附近的灯笼 The fire _____________(put) out when the firefighters arrived.消防队员到达时火己经扑灭了. had been lighted had been put 将来完成时 表示以将来某个时间为标准，在此将来时间以前发生的动作或状态。 主动语态： will + have done 被动语态： will + have + been done(过去分词) We will have cleaned the classroom by 5 o’clock The classroom will have been cleaned by 5 o’clock. The drawing ____________________ (complete)by the end of this week. 这幅画将在本周末完成。 The new books___________________(enter) in the register before another parcel arrives. 这些新书在下一批书到来前将登记完毕。 will have been completed will have been entered 过去将来时 从过去某个时间来看将要发生的事 主动语态： would do\ was going to 被动语态： would + be done(过去分词) We said we would clean the classroom. We said the classroom would be cleaned by us. He said the work _______________(finish) in a week. 他说这项工作将在一周后完成。 She told me that a wonderful play ________________(put)on at this theare. 她告诉我这家的院将上演一出精彩的戏剧。 would be finished was going to be put Are you ready to get fit? We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again! Our facilities have been enlarged and redone, and our centre is now bigger and better than ever before. The finishing touches are now being put to a new swimming pool and our workout rooms have been updated with modern equipment. Come by and check them out. v.宣布 对…进行最后的润色 已经被更新 45 There are a lot of fitness courses for you to choose from. In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance. You can find more details about all our courses on our website. Better still, we will update our fitness courses every few months so that more popular courses can be included. Weight training classes, for example, are being designed and will be added to our programme soon. We will invite professional athletes to be our coaches. We are confident that we have something for everyone. We look forward to seeing you here! 回应 v.代替 n.体育生 46 01 We use the passive voice in the present continuous tense to talk about something that is being done right now. The verb form is “(1)___________________ Working out the rules is/are/am being done 02 We use the passive voice in the present perfect tense to talk about something that has been done. The verb form is “(2)__________________ has/have been done 47 Practice Chinese cartoon films; in the last few years In the last few years, many Chinese cartoon films _______________ . have been made 48 Practice watch; now We _________________ by her now. are being watched 49 Practice robots; so far So far, plenty of robots _____________________. have been produced 50 Practice Covid-19; for The Covid-19 _______________ for 3 years. has been spread 51 Practice beat; look Look, he _____________ by the cat. is being beaten 52 B1 P21 1 The city government is building a new community sports centre. 2 Some workers are painting the walls in the workout rooms. 3 People have told me the new workout rooms are very modern. 4 Jenny's PE teacher has asked her to make an exercise plan. 5 The teachers are testing students on their knowledge of fitness. Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice. 1 A new community sports centre is being built (by the city government). 2 The walls in the workout rooms are being painted (by some workers). 3 I have been told that the new workout rooms are very modern. 4 Jenny has been asked to make an exercise plan (by her PE teacher). 5 Students are being tested on their knowledge of fitness (by the teachers). 1 I visited the new and improved Community Sports Centre. It looks amazing! It is not open to the public yet, but preparations (1) _________________ (make) presently for the reopening. Lots of new and modern facilities (2) _________________ (put) in place. Some of the exercise machines (3) _________________ (test) by a group of energetic young people now. A whole new range of courses (4) _________________ (design) for people of all ages, including tai chi and boxing! I tried out the boxing class and I loved it! The coach, who was a boxing champion, was patient and professional. At the end of the one-hour class, I was sweating all over but felt relaxed. Despite all these improvements, I have also found something that still needs to be done: so far no basketball court (5) _________________ (build). I love playing basketball and I hope a basketball court will be built in the near future. I am sure it will make the sports centre more popular. are being made have been put are being tested have been designed has been built 2 Complete the review with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets. B2 P21 1. Great changes ________ place. Many new schools ________． A.have taken; have been opened B.take; are open C.are taken; open D.have been taken; are opened 2. Until now, his homework has not _______ finished. A. being B. be C. been D. to be 3. The window______.You need not wash it again. A. is washed B. was washed C. has been washed D. will be washed 单项选择。 4. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ________ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided 5. No permission has_______ for anybody to enter the building. A. been given B. given C. to give D. be giving 6. It is well-known to us that a lot of rivers ______ by the factories. A. are polluting B. have been polluting C. are being polluting D. are being polluted 7. —Have you moved into the new house? —Not yet. The rooms ______. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting Observe and decide how to change a sentence into passive voice. The postman has delivered the mail. (Active) The decorator is painting my room. (Active) Applying the rules The mail has been delivered (by the postman). (Passive) My room is being painted (by the decorator). (Passive) Step 1: Move the object to the beginning of the sentence. Step 2: Change the active form of the verb into passive form, maintaining tense of the sentence. Step 3: Add the preposition “by” before the original subject, if you want to mention it, Remember it can be omitted. Work out the rules: Focus on some special occasions. They have talked about the issue. (Active) If there is a preposition between the verb and the object, the preposition will remain after the verb. The issue has been talked about. (Passive) They have sent us a copy. (Active) Focus on some special occasions. Some sentences have both a direct object(直接宾语)(usually a thing) and an indirect object(间接宾语) (usually a person). You can choose either one to formulate the passive sentence. We have been sent a copy. (Passive) A copy has been sent to us. (Passive) A school news reporter is interviewing Mr Lin, a PE teacher, about the preparations for the school sports meeting. In pairs, use the checklist below to role-play the interview. 3 Reporter: Mr Lin, thank you for agreeing to this interview. May I ask what has been prepared for the sports meeting? Mr Lin: Well, the date of the sports meeting has been decided: 14 May. … Reporter: Thank you for your time, Mr Lin. I hope the school sports meeting will be a great success! B3 P21 One possible version： Reporter: Mr Lin, thank you for agreeing to this interview. May I ask what has been prepared for the sports meeting? Mr Lin: Well, the date of the sports meeting has been decided: 14 May. Reporter: What about the location? Mr Lin: The location has been decided. The sports meeting will be held in the new school sports centre. Reporter: How many sports events will there be for the sports meeting this year? Mr Lin: Last year, we had 30 medal events. Five more are being considered for this year. Reporter: What are the rules for each sport? Mr Lin: They haven't been decided yet. Reporter: Has all the equipment been put in place yet? Mr Lin: No. The equipment is being prepared for now. Reporter: Thank you for your time, Mr Lin. I hope the school sports meeting will be a great success! 1. Delete the short message at once! Many a man ______ by such tricks up to now. (2020届天津市河西区英语高三二模) A. are cheated B. is cheated C. have been cheated D. has been cheated 2. (短文改错) Having informed of the activity, we put forward ideas about the contents of the poster. After a brief discussion, we agreed on the subjects of AI and 5G. (2020届安徽省皖南八校高三临门一卷) ^ been 1. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly (poor) studied. (2019全国Ⅰ卷语法填空) 由于大部分有关北极熊生活范围的研究还很少， 所以很难统计出全球北极熊的数量。 2. A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for being (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. (2019全国Ⅱ卷语法填空) 一位90岁老人因为是英国最年长的全职雇员而 被评为“年度女性”。她仍然一周工作40个小 时。 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 3. Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age. (2019江苏完型填空) 当代野生动植物受到极大的威胁。 4. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. (2018天津阅读A篇) 只有在你受过训练的前提下才可以使用灭火器。 5. Sarah has been told/was told (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. (2017全国卷Ⅲ语法填空) 莎拉被告知她可能成为英国新超模，第二年收 入100万美元。 6. Already this year, 115 measles cases (麻疹病例) have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year. (2017全国卷Ⅰ阅读) 今年，美国已经报告了115例麻疹病例，去年全 年为189例。 注：另附word文档，点此链接 1. Look! A frog is swallowed by a snake over there. 2. These animals are hunting at such a speed that they will disappear soon. 3. Will you go with me to see the film that is shown tonight? 4. The man has killed his wife. Now he is being wanted by the police. 5. Thousands of families are fleeing their homes because their country is under attacked. being being hunted I: 请找出下列各句中的错误并改正。 being being 1. We won’t start the work until all the preparations _______________(make). 2. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet ________ _____(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.  3. In the last few years thousands of films _________________ (produce) all over the world. have been produced has been made have been made II: Fill in the blanks according to the given information. 被动语态记忆口诀 被动语态强调“宾”，用 be加上“过去分”。 “be”要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。 “行为对象”作主语，逻辑主语“by”来引。 原句若是双宾语，一变“主”来一保“宾”。 “间宾”要把主语变，原来“直宾”还是“宾”。 “直宾”要把主语变，“间宾”前加“to”最称心。 唯有原“宾”是“复合”，只有变宾要当心。 原句“宾补”变“主补”，位置不必挪寸分。 情态动词变“被动”，情态加be加过分。 如若“情态”后带to，变后有to才弄准。 “短语动词”变“被动”，相当“及物”莫疑心。 不过其后“介”或“副”，变后还得要承认。 Self-evaluation 1. Can you understand the use of passive voice in the present continuous and present perfect tenses? 2. Can you summarize general rules of the passive voice in the present continuous and present perfect tenses? 各个击破 1. Describe a situation using as many sentences with passive voice in the present continuous and present perfect tenses as possible. 2. Finish the exercises of the Grammar part in Learning English. H $$