Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语同步精美课件与同步练习（人教版2019必修第一册）

Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Sentences Lead in Grammar plays an essential role in language learning. What do you think of grammar? Why? Lead in vocabulary If language is like a tree, what can grammar be and what can vocabulary be? grammar without vocabulary without grammar × × Lead in That’s why we need to learn both vocabulary and grammar. meaning ? Lead in The role of grammar is to help us organize words in order, so we can make correct sentences. Short sentences You are beautiful. Long sentences But I believe that there is one thing that never escapes us, the taste for the food we grew up with. To study grammar, we start with basic sentence structures. Part One 常见句子成分 Grammar S 表示 “主语（subject）” V 表示 “谓语（predicate）” O 表示 “宾语（object）” IO 表示 “间接宾语（indirect object）” DO 表示 “直接宾语（direct object）” P 表示 “表语（predicative）” Attr. 表示定语 (attributive) A 表示 “状语（adverbial）” C 表示 “补足语（complement）” 7 To see is to believe. What he has said is true. TV news often gives us lots of information. Cycling and boating are my favorite free time interests. 主语：句子的主体；谓语陈述、说明的对象，说明动作由“谁”发出。 It drives me mad to teach her. It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match. 注意：主语一般位于句首，但若不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从句作主语，常用it作形式主语，则把真正的主语放在句后。 主语 即学即练 找出下列句子的主语。 Twenty years is a short time in history.   The poor are now living in the shelter. Running is good for our health.      To study hard is your duty.          She likes dancing.     What I want is some apples . 谓语：表示主语的行为或状态；是英语句子的灵魂、核心。一般在主语之后。 谓语中最重要的是谓语动词 (通常由实义动词充当)，它有时态，语态的变化，并受主语人称和数的影响。 简单谓语：由动词或动词词组组成 He practices running every morning. Tom looks forward to meeting the new exchange student. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词组成 He can speak English well. I will return you the book tomorrow. 谓语 动词的分类 be have do will can must may need shall read eat drink am keep stay sound become 实义动词 有实在意义并能独立作谓语。 助动词 本身没有意义，不单独作谓语，协助主要动词构成谓语。 情态动词 有一定词义，不能单独作谓语，后加动词原形。 系动词 有词义，但不能独立做谓语，必须和表语构成主系表结构。 即学即练 找出下列句子的谓语。 We have finished reading this book. The poor are living in the shelter. Running is good for our health.      He doesn’t like fruit.       A tiger eats meat. What I want is some apples . 注意：复合谓语的划分要把时态、被动语态、情态动词和否定词归入进去。 助动词和情态动词须和实义动词一起构成谓语！ 宾语：动作的承受者，表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者。宾语一般位于及物动词和介词之后。 The children are flying kites. Do you mind passing me the dictionary？ She didn't say anything. Did you write down what he said? 宾语 Some students find it difficult to study English. Most of us think it no use arguing with her. 注意：不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从句作宾语，常用it作形式宾语，则把真正的宾语放在句后。 13 在动词后方所跟的双宾语中 表示物的叫做直接宾语 direct object （简称“直宾”） 表示人的叫做间接宾语 indirect object （简称“间宾”） 常见接双宾语的动词：teach, buy, bring, take, give, send, sell, show, tell, write, lend, make... 双宾语（IO + DO） She gave him a book. Tom passed her a ruler. Mum bought me a sweater. He taught us Chinese. 常借助介词to的常用动词 teach/tell sb. sth = teach/tell sth. to sb. take/bring/give sb. sth= take/bring/give sth to sb. Show/ send/write sb. sth.= show/ send/write sth. to sb. 常借助介词for的常用动词 buy sb. sth= buy sth. for sb. lend sb. sth.（借）= lend sth. for sb. make sb. sth= make sth. for sb. 双宾语易位 VS 表语：描述主语的特征，用来说明主语的身份、性质、状况等，位于系动词后。 The flower smells sweet. My hobby is collecting stamps. English is both useful and important. That is why he didn't come to school yesterday. 表语 系动词：起连接主语和表语作用，本身有一定词义，它和实义动词一样有时态变化，也受主语人称和数的影响。 即学即练 找出下列句子的宾语。 The problem remains to be settled. You look younger than before. My father is a teacher. They are at the theatre. Everything looks different. Her job is training the nurses. 宾语补足语：用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态。 We saw him play soccer. They made her their monitor. My mother always keeps everything in good order. When he woke up, he found himself lying in the street. 常见接宾语补足语的动词：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. 宾语补足语 Object Complement 宾补与双宾语的区别是什么呢？ He was seen to go upstairs. He came home out of humour. Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. Starting as a street vender, he is now a manager of a famous company. 主语补足语：对主语进行补充说明。 主语补足语 Subject Complement 定语：修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质、特征常位于名词前、或名词后。 注意：单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前(前置定语)，而短语或从句作定语时，则放在被修饰词之后(后置定语)。 定语 Attributive These are apple tress. I have no time to travel in spring. The tall boy who is standing there is Peter. The men here are always busy working on the farm. I will be back in a while. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that he missed the train. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 状语：说明动作何时、何地、如何发生；说明形容词或副词的程度。用于修饰形容词,副词,动词或句子。位置自由自在。 类型：表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。 状语 Adverbial 即学即练 找出下列句子的状语。 I waited to see you. I'm very pleased to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. He went to school in spite of his illness. You each have a chance to go to college. We students should put our heart into the study. I am Li Hua, a Chinese student studying in London. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 同位语用于主语、宾语等进一步解释说明。 同位语 Appositive Part Two 基本句型结构 Grammar 主谓结构：主语＋谓语 He set off. The sun is rising. The little boy is crying. The boy's dream came true. 此句型中的谓语为 或不及物动词短语，故其后不能接宾语，也 被动语态。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。 不及物动词 没有 set off意为“出发；动身”，是不及物动词短语，其后不能接宾语。 主谓宾结构：主语＋谓语＋宾语 此句型中的谓语必须是 或及物动词短语，一般有被动语态。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句等。 I want to have a cup of tea. Students have different opinions. Our school will hold a sports meet. The students have known the answer. 及物动词 注意：在“动词＋介词”的动词短语中，宾语只能跟在介词之后；在“动词＋副词”的动词短语中，作宾语的名词放在副词前、后皆可，而作宾语的代词只能放在副词之前。 Please wake Li Ling up (＝wake up Li Ling)．(√) Please wake her up.(√) Please wake up her.(×) 主(系)表结构：主语＋系动词＋表语 Everything looks different. All of them were amazed. The problem remains to be settled. These suggestions are of great importance. 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子的系动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语，才能表达完整的意思。表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、动名词等。 常见的系动词有： be动词 感官系动词(sound, look, smell, taste, feel) 变化系动词(become, get, grow, turn, go, fall, run) 持续系动词(remain, keep, hold, stay) 表象系动词(seem, appear, look)等。 主谓宾宾结构: 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 He bought me a birthday present. I showed him my pictures. I remember you showed me some photos on that theme. Besides, nothing could be better if you could offer me some information. 此句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，指人的宾语称为间接宾语，指物的宾语称为直接宾语。通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，但间接宾语前需用介词for或to。 间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有： buy、fetch、save、choose、sing等。 间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有：give、tell、teach、write、bring、lend、hand、show、offer、send、pay、order等。 主谓宾补结构：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 Mike told me not to go. The news made everyone of us very happy. She asked the students their names. We all heard him reading English aloud. 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 常见能够接宾补的动词有： 使役动词：keep, make, let, have, leave, get等； 感官动词或短语：see, watch, notice, observe, find, catch, look at, listen to, hear, feel, smell等； 后跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词：ask, tell, order, request, permit, persuade等。 主谓状：主语＋谓语＋状语 They talked for half an hour. The time passed quickly. Hopefully, you can take part. The exhibition will start on 21 June. 此句型的谓语动词通常为不及物动词或不及物动词短语，副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。 主谓宾状：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 I had my first maths class at senior high school. I waited for him at the school gate. One day, my students were talking about what they would like to be in the future. I visited one of my friends yesterday. 此句型的谓语动词通常为及物动词或及物动词短语，副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。 存现句(There be ...) There are too many cars on the road. There will be more serious air pollution. There is a piano in my study. There are 56 students in my class. There be ...表示某处存在某物或某人，基本结构是“There is/ are/ was/ were ...＋地点状语”。 由于受汉语影响，有些同学在使用这个句型时常常把be误用为have的某种形式。 There is going to have a lecture this afternoon.(×) There is going to be a lecture this afternoon.(√) Thanks $$