Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语同步精美课件与同步练习（人教版2019必修第一册）

Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures 主语 宾语 定语 谓语 表语 状语 补语 句子是一棵大树,主语、谓语、宾语(表语)是主干,定语、状语、补语是修饰语。 Review 表示主语“是什么”“怎么样” 行为主体,句子描述的主体 主语发出的动作 动作的承受者 时间、地点、原因等 补充说明主语或宾语 ? 他是一个可爱的蓝胖子。 他是一个工具齐全的蓝胖子。 定语的定义:修饰名词或代词的词,短语或句子叫定语。 Lead in a beautiful girl an apple tree a book on the desk a reading room the fish eaten by the cat the first student to enter the classroom a book that I have read 定语的位置:短前长后 前置定语 后置定语 作定语的成分:形容词,名词,介词短语,动名词,分词(短语),动词不定式,定语从句 3 基本概念 1. 定语从句的位置及结构 先行词 定语从句 关系代词 e.g. This is the car (which I bought last year.) 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 1.连接作用,连接主从句; 2.指代先行词,甚至整个主句; 3.在从句中充当句子成分。 定语从句一定放在先行词之后(被修饰的名词或代词)。 定语从句结构:先行词+关系词+从句 定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句,其作用相当于形容词。(充当定语的从句) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词:引导定语从句的词。(引导词) 4 定语从句的关系词 关系代词 关系副词 指人 指物 who (主语, 宾语) whom (宾语) whose (定语) that (主语, 宾语) which (主语, 宾语) whose (定语) that (主语, 宾语) as (主语, 宾语) where (地点状语) when ( 时间状语) why (原因状语) 第四单元 第五单元 定语从句的关系词 定语从句的关系词 1. who The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now. (作主语) 在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。 Danny was a man (who) we rescued from the ruins. (作宾语) 丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。 who指人,在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语,作宾语时可省略。 定语从句的关系词 2. whom Rose is the person (who/ whom) you should care about. (作宾语) 罗丝是你应该关心的人。 The boy (who/ whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor. (作宾语) 老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。 whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略,也可用who代替。 注意:在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时,用whom,不用who。 e.g. The man with whom you talked just now is my captain. 宾语 定语从句的关系词 3. whose Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government. (指人) 任何由于家境贫寒而上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。 He lives in a room whose window faces north.(指物) 他住在一个窗户朝北的房间里。 whose既可以指人,也可以指物,表示“所属”关系, whose在定语从句中作定语,可以与of which和of whom互换使用。 Whose+名词=“the+名词+of which/of whom” 定语从句的关系词 辨析:who, whom和whose的区别 关系代词 先行词 在定从中成分 who 人 主语/宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人/物 定语 (1) I met a girl who knew your sister. (2) This is the man whose job is a car engineer. (3) The old man to whom you spoke is a famous doctor. 即学即练 用适当的关系代词填空 ①The woman who is shaking hands with my sister is a doctor. ②Those who want to see the film set down your names, please. ③The girl who graduated from Cambridge University is called Amanda. ④I like those books whose topics are about history. ⑤The old man whom/ who you spoke to is a famous doctor. 定语从句的关系词 4. which China is a country which has a long history. (作主语) 中国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家。 The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesn't work. (作宾语) 他昨天买的收音机坏了。 which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。 定语从句的关系词 5. that This is the novel that interests me.(指物,作主语) 这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。 The magazine (that) I bought yesterday is lost.(指物,作宾语) 我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。 The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million. (指人,作主语) 每年来参观这座城市的人数达到了100万。 that既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who、whom,指物多用which。 定语从句的关系词 辨析:that 和 which的区别(只用that不用which) 1. 先行词为all, any, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时或被不定代词all, little, much, few, every, any, no等修饰,如: I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s mistake. Is there anything that I can do for you? 2. 先行词被被表示特指的词the only/ same/ right/ very/ last 修饰,如: Mike is the only person that was present at that time. This is the same book that I want to read. 3. 先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时,如: This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen. 定语从句的关系词 辨析:that 和 which的区别(只用that不用which) 4. 先行词为人和物并用时,如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 5. 主句为who或which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who,whom,which,what时,如: Which is the bike that you lost last weekend? Who that had seen the sight could ever forget? 6. 先行词在主句中作表语, 而关系代词也在从句中作表语时,如: Jiangsu is no longer the province that it used to be. 定语从句的关系词 辨析:that 和 which的区别(只用which不用that) 1. 当介词放在关系代词之前时。 It is a tool with which we can open a can. 2. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时,只能用which。 She failed the exam, which made her parents very angry. My glasses, without which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. 即学即练 用适当的关系代词填空 ① Charlie told his mother all that had happened. ② He was the only person in his office that was invited. ③ Tom is the first boy that left the room. ④ Look at the boy and his dog that are coming. ⑤ You can read any book that I have. 定语从句的关系词 6. as We should learn as many survival skills as we can to protect ourselves. We should reduce the same mistake as we made before. However, there are so many people as we did not expect still not taking disasters seriously. Such books as I have read are classical works. The teacher set such a difficult problem as none of us could solve. 关系代词as 既可以指人也可以指物,在定语从句中常作主语、宾语或表语,通常有such,the same,as many,as much等修饰其先行词。 定语从句的关系词 辨析:the same … as … 与 the same … that的区别 This is the same phone that I broke last week. This is the same phone as I broke last week. 这就是上个星期我摔坏的一部手机。(这部=上个星期摔坏的那部) 当先行词被the same修饰时,可以用that 引导表示同一物。 这部手机和上个星期我摔坏的那部手机是一样的,是同一类。 当先行词被the same修饰时,用as 引导表示同一类型,但不是同一个。 定语从句的关系词 注意 关系代词指代先行词,在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语,因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。 The film (that/ which) we saw it last night is very frightening.( ) The film (that/ which) we saw last night is very frightening.(√) 关系代词 先行词 subject (主语) object (宾语) attribute(定语) 指人 指物 whom who which that whose √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 做宾语时可以省略 as √ √ √ √ Summary 即学即练 单句语法填空 1.The earthquake that/ which hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history. 2.We don't know the number of people who/ that lost their homes in the disaster. 3.Jake used to be a brave boy that/ whom/ who his teachers always praised. 4.She said she would do anything that could help her mother recover from the disease. 即学即练 单句语法填空 5.Hany is the boy whose mother is our maths teacher. 6.The gift will be given to anyone who comes first. 7.All that we need is enough rest after long hours' work. 8.I don't know the persons and the things that they are talking about. 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