UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language(word教参)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 动词-ing形式作主语 ①(教材P26)Getting here is quite difficult, so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek. ②(教材P26)For hundreds of years, looking after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami. ③To lie to your teacher was foolish. ④It was foolish of you to lie to your teacher. ⑤It's no use trying to persuade him to change his mind. [自我感知] 1．句 ①②③④⑤ 中黑体部分在句中均作 主语 。 2．根据句④⑤可知，动词不定式和动词-ing形式作主语时，可以用 it 作形式主语。 一、动词-ing的时态和语态(以do为例) 　　语态 时态　　　 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done ►Sometimes being punished may be a good thing. 有时被惩罚可能是一件好事。 ►Having been given a toy car as a gift made the boy laugh. 那男孩收到一辆玩具汽车作为礼物后笑了。 [即时训练1]——补全句子 (1) Being exposed in the sun (暴露在阳光下) for a long time does great harm to your skin. (2) Having been bitten (已经被咬了) by my dog made Linda refuse to play with me again. 二、句法功能 (一)动词-ing形式作主语 1．动词-ing形式作主语的功能及基本用法 动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，本单元重点讲解动名词(短语)作主语的情况。动名词作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首，可以有自己的宾语、逻辑主语等。 ►Using cocaine increases the user's heart rate and blood pressure.使用可卡因会加快使用者的心率并使血压升高。 ►Wasting a person's time is the same as killing him for his property. 浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。 [易错精点] ①单个动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。②两个或两个以上动名词(短语)作主语时，表达相同意义的，谓语动词用单数；表达不同意义的，谓语动词用复数。 ►Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.早睡早起是一个好习惯。 ►Listening to the English tapes and watching English films are good ways to learn English. 听英文磁带和看英文电影是学英语的好方法。 2．形式主语it代替动名词作主语 此类句型常见的有： (1)It is＋adj.＋doing sth It is useless doing sth　做某事无用 It is worthwhile doing sth 做某事是值得的 (2)It is a waste of＋n.＋doing sth It's a waste of time doing sth 做某事是浪费时间 (3)It is no＋n.＋doing sth It's no good/use/fun doing sth 做某事没好处/没用/没意思 ►It is no use talking to him—he won't listen. 跟他谈没有用——他不会听的。 ►It is a waste of time talking about such useless things. 谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。 [点津] 动名词作主语用it充当形式主语的情况很少，上述是最常见的句式结构。不定式作主语时，常用it充当形式主语。 [即时训练2]——单句语法填空 (1) Learning (learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. (2)(2021·1月浙江)He remembered landmarks, but since he didn't know his town's name, finding (find) a small neighborhood in a vast country proved to be impossible. (3)It's a waste of time trying (try) to persuade such a stubborn person. (4)It is no use writing (write) to him；he never answers letters. (5) Travelling (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 3．当句型“There is no…”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动名词作主语。 ►There is no denying that the environment is from bad to worse. 不能否认环境状况正在逐步恶化。 ►There is no telling what will happen in the future. 无法预测将来会发生什么。 [即时训练3]——补全句子 (1) There is no joking with him (不能和他开玩笑) about such a serious issue. (2) There is no denying that music plays an important role (不可否认音乐扮演着重要的角色) in our daily life. (二)动词-ing形式的否定形式 动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时，not应放在逻辑主语和动词-ing形式之间。 ►Not knowing how to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research. 不知道如何使用电脑使他更难进行学术研究。 ►Not having done his homework makes the teacher angry.未完成他的作业让老师很生气。 [即时训练4]——补全句子 (1) Not buying the expensive dress (没买那条贵的裙子) causes the couple to quarrel. (2) Not passing the exam (未能通过考试) made him disturbed. (三)动词-ing形式的复合结构 动词-ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词-ing，即“sb/sb's＋doing”构成。动词-ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词-ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式： ①形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing ②名词所有格＋动词-ing ③代词宾格＋动词-ing ④名词＋动词-ing ►Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 (＝That she came to help encouraged all of us.) ►Mary's (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset.玛丽病了，这使她母亲很难过。 [易错精点]动词-ing形式的复合结构在句中作主语时，不能用代词的宾格和名词的普通格形式。 [即时训练5]——补全句子 (1)他又一次迟到使他的老师非常生气。 His being late again made his teacher very angry. (2)简的粗心大意造成了太多的麻烦。 Jane's being carelessness caused so much trouble. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1． Learning (learn) English as a second language can be a painful experience. 2． To help (help) us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes. 3．Just finishing (finish) homework is not enough to get a good grade. 4．As far as I'm concerned, to see (see) is to believe. 5． To get (get) the position, she devoted herself to managing to complete mountains of extra work. 6． Attending (attend) the party last night made Alice very excited. 7．Mary's being (be) absent from class this morning made her parents angry. 8．It's well worth cycling (cycle) along the route, which will reward you with breathtaking scenery. 9．It's fun spending (spend) the holiday in this entertaining theme park. 10．It is acknowledged that swimming is (be) a rewarding sport in summer. 11． Hearing (hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. 12． Knowing (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. 13．In our daily life, adopting (adopt) a positive attitude is very important for us. 14． Studying (study) abroad is both challenging and rewarding. 15． Getting (get) a high score can make it easier for you to enter a famous university. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．他儿子赢得一等奖使他非常骄傲。 His son's winning first prize made him quite proud. 2．汤姆丢了自行车，这使他很不高兴。 Tom's losing his bike made him very upset. 3．在我看来，上名牌大学是成为世界级作家的唯一途径。 In my opinion, attending the famous university will be the only way to become a world-class writer. 4．看电视和读书真的很有趣。 Watching TV and reading books are really interesting. 5．住在城市给他带来了很多工作机会。 Living in the city brings him lots of job chances. 6．拥有朋友意味着你有谈话的人，所以你不会感到孤独和沮丧。 Having friends means that you can have someone to talk to so that you don't feel lonely and depressed. Ⅲ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 Li Hua is addicted to searching for information on the Internet.His mother is worried about his health and advises him to surf the Internet properly, but it is no use 1. persuading (persuade) him because he won't listen.This is what his job requires.His mother wants him to change his job, but he likes it and enjoys it.2. Staying (stay) up late has become his habit.There is no way.Otherwise, he will not finish the task assigned by the leader.In my opinion, it is no good 3. living (live) in excess.4. Working (work) hard is one thing and 5. having (have) a good rest is another.There is no 6. denying (deny) that we should form a good routine. (教材P28)officially or legally prohibit 官方或法律上禁止 prohibit　vt.(尤指以法令)禁止；阻止 (联想：forbid/ban) ①prohibit doing sth　禁止做某事 prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事 ②prohibition n．禁止；阻止；禁令 The new rules prohibit smoking in places like restaurants, hotels, railway stations and theatres. 这项新规定禁止在像餐厅、旅店、火车站和剧院这些地方吸烟。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)According to the new rule, visitors 　are prohibited　(prohibit) from feeding the animals. (2)He hoped she would remove that prohibition (prohibit) soon. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)被禁止使用塑料袋以消除白色污染，人们不得不自己带袋子购物。 　Prohibited from using plastic bags　 to eliminate white pollution, people have to take their own bags for shopping. (教材P29)It is both challenging and rewarding to study abroad.出国留学既有挑战性又有回报。 rewarding　adj.值得做的；有益的 reward　v．奖励；奖赏；给以报酬 n．奖励；回报；报酬 reward sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事而奖励某人 in reward for 作为对……的奖励； 为……酬谢 as a reward (for) 作为(对……的)报酬/奖赏 (2023·新高考Ⅱ)Push through, give it time and put in the effort.You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.坚持下去，给它时间并付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)When he was asked for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding (reward)． (2)Winning the match was just in reward for the efforts the team had made. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (3)我很乐意带你游玩武汉，以报答你的慷慨相助。 ①I'm more than willing to show you around Wuhan in reward for your generous help .(reward n．) ②I'm more than willing to show you around Wuhan to reward you for your generous help .(reward vt.) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$