UNIT 1 Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language(word教参)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 非限制性定语从句 ①(教材P2)In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. ②(教材P3)Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. ③(教材P3)This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. ④In the last 500 million years, there have been five times when life of Earth has almost ended. ⑤Taiwan, as we all know, belongs to China. ⑥(教材P8)There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework. [自我感知] 句 ①②③⑤ 是非限制性定语从句；句 ④⑥ 是限制性定语从句。它们在形式上的区别在于 是否与主句用逗号隔开 。 一、非限制性定语从句的特点 1．非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开，是对先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。 ►The house, which I bought three years ago, has a very large yard.这所房子是我三年前买的，有一个很大的院子。 ►Faulkner, who has been regarded as the greatest American novelist of his generation, has a major influence on him.福克纳——被誉为他那一代人中最伟大的美国小说家对他影响很大。 2．非限制性定语从句的先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个句子或其中一部分，且常译成并列的分句。 ►He won the race, which made us extremely happy.他赢得了比赛，这使我们非常高兴。(which指代He won the race) [即时训练1]——单句语法填空/补全句子 (1)(2022·全国乙改编)They often run at high speeds, which may put our lives in danger. (2)(2023·全国乙改编)The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman, whose hair color looked just perfect. (3)(2023·全国甲)他强调修身养性、尊老敬老和追求知识，这是我们这个快节奏、相互联系的世界的指路明灯。 He stressed the self-cultivation, respect for elders, and the pursuit of knowledge, 　which serves as a guiding light　 in our fast-paced and interconnected world. (4)(2024·1月浙江读后续写)老师注意到了她的努力，称赞了她的创新思维。 Her efforts were noticed by the teacher, 　who praised her　 innovative thinking. 二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词 1．关系代词 which指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语； who/whom指人，who在从句中作主语或宾语，而 whom在从句中只作宾语；as既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。 ►I'm more than delighted to introduce my favourite fable to you, whose name is The Stone in the Road. 我非常高兴把我最喜欢的寓言故事介绍给你们，它的名字为《路上的石头》。 ►As is mentioned above, there are absolutely no official rules of cigarettes to make sure that they don't include poisonous substances. 正如上面提及的，根本没有法规来确保香烟不含有毒物质。 2．关系副词 when指代时间，在从句中充当时间状语，可与“介词＋which”互换；where指代地点，在 从句中充当地点状语，可与“介词＋which”互换。 ►Between the two parts of the symphony is an interval, when the audience can have a cup of coffee.交响乐的两个部分之间是一个间歇，此刻观众可以喝杯咖啡。 ►Opposite is St.Paul's Church, where you can hear some lovely music.对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你可以听到美妙的音乐。 ►The Students' Union is like a huge stage, where/on which everyone spares no effort to achieve their dreams.学生会就像一个大平台，在这个平台上每个人都不遗余力实现他们的梦想。 [温馨提示] (1)非限制性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数； (2)why不能引导非限制性定语从句，可用for which代替。 ►He has been busy with his work the whole holiday, which has made his girlfriend unhappy. 他整个假期都忙于工作，这让他的女朋友很不高兴。 ►The reason, for which he was absent from the meeting, wasn't given. 关于为何缺席会议，他没有给出任何理由。 [即时训练2]——单句语法填空/补全句子 (1)(2023·新高考Ⅱ改编)Working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. (2)These pictures bring to their mind the gold days that they spent together, when life was simple but meaningful. (3)Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park, in which they had a good time. (4)(2023·北京)Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, where thousands were attending a water conference. (5)(2024·1月浙江)Lastly, it promotes a healthy and active lifestyle, which is crucial/vital (这是至关重要的) for overall well-being. (6)My father, who is now in his seventies (现在七十多岁了), is still a keen cyclist. 三、which与as引导非限制性定语从句时的三点区别 which as 位置上 句中只能放在先行词后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末 搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember等 意思上 意为“这一点；这件事” 意为“正如……，正像……的那样” ►She married again, which was unexpected. 她再婚了，这是始料未及的。 ►She married again, as we expected. 正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。 [注意] as引导定语从句常用于下列搭配： as is often the case　这是常有的事 as was expected 不出所料 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as is known to all 众所周知 as has been said before 如前所述 as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的 such＋n.＋as 像……一样，像……之类的 such (pron.)＋as 像……一样，像……之类的 the same＋n.＋as 和……同样的 ►We have found such materials as are used in their factory. 我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。 ►As is known to all, he is the tallest student in our class.众所周知，他是我们班最高的学生。 [即时训练3]——选词填空(as/which) (1)(2023·新高考Ⅱ改编)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. (2)(2023·全国乙改编) As it turned out, Douglas did exactly what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she defeated two Russians. (3)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week， which my classmates recommended to me. (4)The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 意义 起限定作用，修饰特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思完整 结构 要求 紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号 从句与先行词之间加逗号 功能 修饰先行词 修饰先行词、整个主句或主句的一部分 引导词 所有的关系代词和关系副词 关系代词和关系副词，但关系代词that及关系副词why除外 ►(2022·全国乙)So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo.to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise.所以对她们来说，前往科罗拉多州埃尔克山去教那里的孩子是一件令人吃惊的事，这些孩子的鞋子都是用细绳绑起来的。 ►(2022·新高考Ⅰ写作)You are our distinguished foreign language teacher, whose aid can help us a lot.你是我们杰出的外语老师，您可以帮助我们很多。 [即时训练4]——单句语法填空/补全句子 (1)The school in which Kevin teaches is a famous one, which was set up 100 years ago. (2) What is known to us all is that the old scientist, for whom life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties. (3)Go for a walk in the countryside, where/in which you can enjoy the beautiful views (在那里你可以欣赏美丽的风景) and a peaceful atmosphere. (4)Many students are always to blame(责备) only for poor grades by parents and teachers, which is a bad phenomenon (that/which is) worth reflections/reflecting on (这是一个值得反思的坏现象)． Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空 1．The famous novelist, whose native language is English, can speak Chinese fluently. 2．Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher very angry. 3．She has been absent again, as is expected. 4．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently. 5． As is reported in the newspaper, a serious accident has happened recently. 6．The owner paid the worker for cleaning the whole building, most of which hadn't been cleaned for at least one month. 7．I shall never forget those years when I lived in the countryside with the farmers, which has a great effect on my life. 8．They came to China in the 1970s, when China was not open to the outside world. 9．The old lady has two daughters, one of whom is working abroad. 10．This is one of the reasons why you have to give it up. 11．I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room. 12．The dictionary, which our teacher bought yesterday, is helpful to us. Ⅱ.语法与写作(用定语从句补全句子) 1．他们住在一栋高楼里，在楼的前面矗立着一棵大树。(stand) They lived in a tall building, 　in front of which stood a big tree　. 2．这一组共有60人，其中一半是学生。(whom) There are 60 people in the group， half of whom are students . 3．这三个儿子都已取得巨大成功，他们当中没有一个是医生。(none) The three sons, none of whom is a doctor , have all obtained great success. 4．玛丽明天会来看我，她是我最好的朋友。(who) Mary, who is my best friend , will come to see me tomorrow. 5．昨天她买了一些布，她打算用这些布做一件连衣裙。(with) She bought some cloth yesterday, 　with which she was going to make a dress　. 6．那位游客站在楼顶上，在那里他能够欣赏到美丽的风景。(enjoy) The tourist was standing on the top of the building， from where he could enjoy the beautiful view . Ⅲ.用适当的连词或关系词完成短文 Nat, 1. who was ten years old, lived in a small town in England, 2. but one day he decided to go to Spain, 3. where all his friends liked to go for their holidays.First he went to Madrid, 4. which is the capital of Spain, and stayed in a small hotel.On the first morning, he went out for a walk.In England, people drive on the left.But in Spain, they drive on the right, 5. which he forgot.6. While he was walking along a busy street, a bike 7. which/that came before him knocked him down.Nat was sent to the hospital, in 8. which the girl 9. who/that rode the bike said sorry to him.After two days, Nat left Spain and returned to England.He told his friends that he wouldn't forget the days 10. when he stayed in Spain. (教材P4)Did you come to any conclusions? 你得出结论了吗？ conclusion 　n．结论；推论 ①come to/reach/draw/get to/arrive at a conclusion (from…)…　　　(由……)得出结论 in conclusion 总而言之 ②conclude vt.推断出；断定；结束 vi.推断；断定 conclude from 从……中推断出 conclude sth 以……结束…… to conclude 最后 They arrived at a conclusion after several long discussions. 经过数次长时间的讨论之后，他们得出了结论。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)In conclusion (conclude), I'd like to say how much I've enjoyed staying here. [习作练笔]——补全句子/一句多译 (2)校长以一句名言结束了他的演讲：“有志者，事竟成。” The headmaster 　concluded his speech with a famous saying　, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” (3)我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。 ①I 　drew a conclusion from my own experiences that　 a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclusion) ②I concluded from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclude) (教材P5)Her circumstances are beyond our control. 我们无法掌控她的状况。 circumstance　n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 in/under the circumstances　　　　 在这种情况下；既然如此 in/under no circumstances 无论如何都不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装结构) [联想] 表示“决不”且与under/in no circumstances用法类似的词组还有：in no case, in no way, at no time, by no means, on no account, on no condition等。 Under no circumstances should we shrink back from difficulties.我们在困难面前决不退缩。 [习作练笔]——补全句子/句式升级 (1) If circumstances allow/permit (如果情况允许), I will spare no effort to help you. (2) Under/In the circumstances (在这种情况下), it seemed better not to tell him about the accident. (3)My teacher always reminds me that I should in no circumstances give up my learning goals once I set them. →My teacher always reminds me that under/in no circumstances should I give up my learning goals once I set them.(倒装句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$