UNIT 1 Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking(word教参)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

英语　选择性必修　第一册 Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking 教材助读1 <1>physiology/ˌfIziˈɒlədʒi/n.生理学；生理机能 <2>co-winner n．共同获奖者 ※co-此处是名词前缀，表示“一起；共同；联合”。 <3>artemisinin /ˌɑːtIˈmiːsInIn/n. [药]青蒿素 <4>crucial/ˈkruːʃl/adj.至关重要的；关键性的 <5>malaria/məˈleəriə/n.疟疾 <6>hundreds of thousands of几十万；无数 <7>improved adj.改进的 <8>vital/ˈvaItl/adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 <9>committed/kəˈmItId/adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 ※commit/kəˈmIt/vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等) vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等) <10>graduate from毕业于(……学校) <11>academy/əˈkædəmi/n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校 ※academic/ˌækəˈdemIk/adj.学业的；学术的 <12> objective/əbˈdʒektIv/n.目标；目的 adj.客观的 <13>the head of……的负责人 <14>review vt.复阅；复查 <15>botanical/bəˈtænIkl/adj.植物学的 <16>evaluate/IˈvæljueIt/vt.评价；评估 <17>property/ˈprɒpəti/n.性质；特征；财产 <18>distinct/dIˈstIŋkt/adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 <19>promise n．获得成功的迹象[熟词生义] <20>suggest doing sth建议做某事 <21>extract/ˈekstrækt/n.提取物；摘录 /Ikˈstrækt/vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出 易混：exact adj.精确的；准确的 <22>a collection of一批，一些 <23>wormwood/ˈwɜːmwʊd/n.蒿；洋艾, <24>boil/bɔIl/vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点 ※boiling adj.炽热的，很热的 <25>liquid/ˈlIkwId/n.液体 adj.液体的；液态的 ※solid n．固体 <26>obtain/əbˈteIn/vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行 <27>work vi.起作用[熟词生义] <28>get stuck被卡住 <29>acknowledge/əkˈnɒlIdʒ/vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 <30>defeat/dIˈfiːt/n.失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜 <31>analyse (NAmE-ze)/ˈænəlaIz/vt.分析 ※analysis n．分析 <32>by chance偶然；意外地 <33>apparently/əˈpærəntli/adv.显而易见；看来；显然 <34>draw out抽出；取出 <35>substance/ˈsʌbstəns/n.物质；物品；事实根据 <36>insist/InˈsIst/vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 ※insist on坚决要求 <37>team effort团队努力(的结果) <38>upon(＝on) prep. 一……就…… <39>traditional Chinese medicine中医 <40>scientific/ˌsaIənˈtIfIk/adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的 TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE 6 October 2015 This year's Nobel Prize for Physiology<1> or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner<2>), ①whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin<3>， ②a crucial<4> new treatment for malaria<5>．Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of<6> lives, and has led to improved<7> health for millions of people.Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600,000 die from it.Artemisinin has become a vital<8> part of the treatment for malaria, and ③is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. ①此处是非限制性定语从句，其先行词是Tu Youyou，whose在从句中作research的定语。 ②a crucial new treatment for malaria作同位语，解释说明artemisinin的具体内容。 ③be thought to do sth被认为是做某事，是句型It is thought that…的变形。 Tu Youyou, ④a committed<9> and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo，China，on 30 December 1930，and graduated from<10> Peking University Medical School in 1955.After she graduated，she worked at the China Academy<11> of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective<12> of discovering a new treatment for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among ⑤the first researchers chosen.In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, ⑥where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.In 1969, she became the head of<13> the project in Beijing, and decided to review<14> ancient Chinese medical texts ⑦to find traditional botanical<15> treatments for the disease.Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated<16> 280,000 plants for their medical properties<17>．From their research，they discovered and tested 380 distinct<18> ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise<19> in the fight against malaria. ④a committed and patient scientist是Tu Youyou的同位语。 ⑤过去分词chosen作后置定语修饰the first researchers。 ⑥此处where引导非限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词Hainan在定语从句中作地点状语。 ⑦不定式短语作目的状语。 One medical text from the fourth century suggested<20> using the extract<21> from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.Tu's team tested a collection of<22> dried wormwood<23> leaves but found no effect.⑧They then tried boiling<24> fresh wormwood, and using the liquid<25> obtained<26> from this to treat malaria，but this did not work<27> either.Their project got stuck<28>. However，Tu Youyou would not acknowledge<29>defeat<30>．She analysed<31> the medical texts again, and by chance<32>， she found one sentence ⑨suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently<33> destroyed its medical properties.⑪Using a lower temperature to draw out<34> the extract, she found a substance<35> that worked.After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971.Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted<36> on testing the medicine on themselves ⑫to make sure that it was safe.Later，the medicine was tested on malaria patients, ⑬most of whom recovered.This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. ⑧并列的动名词短语作宾语；过去分词短语作定语。 ⑨现在分词短语作定语，修饰one sentence。 ⑩that引导宾语从句，其中boiling the sweet wormwood是动名词短语作从句的主语。 ⑪现在分词短语作方式状语，状语中动作use由句子逻辑主语she发出。 ⑫不定式短语作目的状语，其中that it was safe是宾语从句。 ⑬most of whom引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词patients。 According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort<37>．Upon<38> hearing ⑭that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine.There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country.This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine<39>．It is indeed an honour ⑮for China's scientific<40> research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.” ⑭that引导宾语从句，其中had been awarded是过去完成时的被动语态形式。 ⑮此处为不定式的复合结构，在该句中作真正的主语，it作形式主语。, 屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖 2015年10月6日 今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的研究促成了青蒿素的发现，这是一种治疗疟疾的关键新药物。青蒿素挽救了数十万人的生命，改善了数百万人的健康状况。全世界每年有2亿多人罹患疟疾，约60万人死于疟疾。青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，据信仅在非洲每年它就能挽救10万人的生命。 屠呦呦，一位坚定而有耐心的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。毕业后，她在北京的中国中医研究院工作。1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索疟疾新疗法为目标的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员之一。一开始，屠呦呦去了海南研究疟疾患者，在那里疟疾更常见。1969年，她成为北京项目的负责人，并决定复阅中国古代医学文献，以寻找这种疾病的传统的植物疗法。她的团队查阅了2 000多本古老的医学文献，并对28万种植物的药用性能进行了评估。在研究中，他们发现并测试了380种不同的古代中医疗法，这些疗法为抗击疟疾带来了希望。 一本四世纪的医学文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。屠呦呦的团队测试了一批干青蒿叶，但发现没有效果。然后，他们尝试把新鲜的青蒿煮沸， 用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不管用。他们的计划陷入了困境。然而，屠呦呦并不承认失败。她再次分析了医学文献，偶然发现了一句话，这句话建议用另一种方法来处理青蒿。她得出结论，煮沸青蒿显然破坏了它的医疗特性。用较低的温度提取后，她发现了一种有效的物质。在失败了190多次之后，这个团队终于在1971年成功了。屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物，以确保它是安全的。后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大部分受试患者都康复了。这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物。 屠呦呦说，青蒿素的发现是一个团队努力(的结果)。当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。在我身后有一支团队，还有我的国家的全体人民。这一成功证明了中医的巨大价值。中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。” Ⅰ.明主旨大意 What's the main idea of the passage? A．Tu Youyou's problems in discovering artemisinin. B．Introduction about Tu's research team. C．Behind Tu Youyou's Nobel Prize and its value. D．Tu Youyou's personal life. 答案 C Ⅱ.绘层次结构 Match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1　 A．Tu Youyou's evaluation of the award. Para.2 B．Tu Youyou won Nobel Prize. Para.3 C．The introduction about Tu Youyou and her team. Para.4 D．How artemisinin was discovered. 答案 Paras.1～4　BCDA Read the text (P2～3), then choose the best answer. 1．Why did Tu Youyou win Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine? A．Because she saved millions of people around the world. B．Because she discovered artemisinin which has saved hundreds of thousands of lives. C．Because she formed a team to discover a new treatment for malaria. D．Because she tested countless wormwood and was not afraid of failure. 答案 B 2．What can be inferred according to the last paragraph? A．Tu Youyou is a very modest person. B．Tu Youyou takes great pride in herself. C．Tu Youyou made traditional Chinese medicine spread. D．Tu Youyou was surprised at the great prize. 答案 A 3．How artemisinin was discovered by Tu Youyou's research team? A．They reviewed ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments. B．They discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments. C．They drew out the extract from wormwood using a lower temperature and failed over 190 times. D．They tested a collection of dried and fresh wormwood. 答案 C 4．Where does this text probably come from? A．A TV interview.　 B．A medical report. C．A book review. D．A newspaper. 答案 D Ⅰ.解决长难句 1. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment 　 ↓　　　 ↓　　　　↓　　　　↓ 　主语　 系动词　 　表　语　　　定　语 for malaria, and (is thought) to save 100,000 　　　　　↓　　　↓ 　并列　连词　并列谓语 lives a year in Africa alone. [翻译]　青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，据信仅在非洲它每年就能挽救10万人的生命。 2. From their research, they discovered and 　　　 ↓　　 　 　　↓　 ↓　 　　↓ 　状　语　 　 　主语 谓语 并列连词 tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical 　↓　　　　　　　　　↓ 并列谓语　　　 　　　宾语 treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. 　　　　　　　　↓ 　　　　　　　定语　从句 [翻译]　在研究中，他们发现并测试了380种不同的古代中医疗法，这些疗法为抗击疟疾带来了希望。 3. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, 　　　　　　　　　↓ 　　　　现在分词短语作　状　语 she found a substance that worked. 　　　 　　↓　　　　 　↓ 　　　　　主句　　　　定语　从句 [翻译]　她用较低的温度获得提取物，从而发现了一种有效的物质。 Ⅱ.课文语法填空 Tu Youyou, a 1. committed (commit) and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo on 30 December 1930.After graduating from Peking University Medical School, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.She joined a team of scientists 2. with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria in 1967.Two years later, she 3. was appointed (appoint) head of the project and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. One medical text from the fourth century suggested 4. using (use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.Tu's team did experiment after experiment and 5. finally (final) found a substance by lowering the temperature to draw out the extract.After many6. failures (failure), they at last found artemisinin, 7. which soon became a standard treatment for malaria and 8. has saved (save) hundreds of thousands of lives worldwide.For this, Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2015.According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort, and it was indeed 9. an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine 10. to be spread (spread) around the world. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$