UNIT 5 Section Ⅲ　Using Language(word教参)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Using Language 教材助读10 CHEMICAL<1> VERSUS ORGANIC<2> FARMING Chemical pesticides<3> and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread<4> use in farming since the middle of the 20th century.When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time<5>， however, ①what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people's health. ①what some scientists have found是主语从句，what是引导词，意为“……的事”。 that their long-term…health是表语从句，其中that是引导词，在句中不作成分，没有词义。 For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria<6> and insects, but also<7> helpful ones.In addition<8>， these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time.This affects the crops ②grown on the land and, in turn<9>， the animals and humans who digest<10> them. Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer.In fact, some pesticides like DDT<11> have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage ③they cause to people and the environment.As for<12> chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to<13> be rich in nutrition<14>．They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential<15> minerals<16>， and they often have less flavour<17> as well<18>. ②此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，表被动意义，相当于定语从句 that are grown on the land。 ③此处是定语从句，先行词是damage，引导词是that或which，引导词在定语从句中作宾语而省略了。 cause damage to对……造成损害。 As an alternative<19>， some farmers have switched to<20> organic farming, and many customers have turned to<21> organic food when they shop at the local grocery<22>.Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.Organic farmers focus on<23> keeping their soil rich and free of<24> disease through natural means<25>．For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser.This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals.It also keeps the air, soil, water, and crops free of chemicals. Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil.They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year.For instance<26>， they may grow corn or wheat<27> in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next.④Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready again for the next batch<28> of crops.Organic farmers also plant diverse<29> crops that use different depths<30> of soil to help keep it rich.For example, peanuts grow on the ground's surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots<31>.⑤The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people's health. ④此处why引导主语从句，并且在主语从句中作状语。句中because引导表语从句，句中的making it …是现在分词短语，在句中作结果状语。 ⑤句中while doing是省略结构，相当于 while引导的时间状语从句while it avoids…；句中damage是名词，作 avoid的宾语。 Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely<32>．⑥What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand<33> for food around the world.Organic farming is nowhere near<34> able to meet that need<35>.Therefore，there is still a long way to find a suitable solution ⑦that puts sufficient<36> food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible. ⑥What keeps them from doing so是主语从句，引导词是what，并且在主语从句中作主语，这里what的意思是“……的事”。句中that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world是同位语从句，对fact进行解释说明，引导词是that，没有词义，只起连接作用。 ⑦that puts sufficient food on the dinner table是定语从句，引导词是that，它在定语从句中作主语，定语从句修饰前面的先行词solution。 <1>chemical/ˈkemIkl/adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品 <2>organic/ɔːˈgænIk/ adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的 <3>pesticide/ˈpestIsaId/n.杀虫剂；除害药物 <4>widespread/ˈwaIdspred/adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 <5>over time随着时间的推移 <6>bacterium/bækˈtIəriəm/n.(pl.-ria/-riə/)细菌 <7>not only…but also不仅……而且(连接并列成分) <8>in addition另外，此外 ※in addition to除……之外(还有，也) <9>in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 <10>digest/daIˈdʒest/vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会；领悟 <11>DDT n．滴滴涕(旧时尤用作农业杀虫剂) <12>as for至于，关于 <13>too…to…太……而不能…… <14>nutrition/njuˈtrIʃn/n.营养；滋养 <15>essential/Iˈsenʃl/adj.完全必要的；极其重要的 <16>mineral/ˈmInərəl/n.矿物；矿物质 <17>flavour(NAmE -vor) /ˈfleIvə/n.味道；特点；特色 <18>as well也，又，同样 <19>alternative/ɔːlˈtɜːnətIv/n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的 <20>switch to转变，转向 ※switch off(用开关)关掉；切断(电源) <21>turn to转向；求助于；致力于 <22>grocery/ˈgrəʊsəri/n.食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货 <23>focus on关注，聚焦于 <24>free of无……的；摆脱了 <25>means n．手段；方法 <26>instance/ˈInstəns/n.例子；实例；事例 ※for instance例如；比如 <27>wheat/wiːt/n.小麦；小麦籽 <28>batch /bætʃ/n.一批 ※a batch of一批 <29>diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的 <30>depth/depθ/n.向下(或向里)的距离；深(度) <31>root/ruːt/n.根；根茎；根部；根源 <32>entirely/InˈtaIəli/adv.全部地；完整地；完全地 ※entire adj.全部的，整个的，完全的 <33>serve the demand满足要求 <34>nowhere near远不及；离……很远 <35>meet the need满足要求 <36>sufficient adj.足够的；充分的 化学耕作和有机耕作 自20世纪中期以来，化学农药和人工化肥在农业中得到了广泛使用。当它们第一次被引进时，它们作为一种对抗作物病害和增加产量的好方法而深受广大农民的欢迎。然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会损害土地和人们的健康。 例如，杀虫剂不仅能杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，还能杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。此外，这些化学物质可以在土壤和地下水源中长期存在。这影响到生长在土地上的作物，进而影响到以它们为食的动物和人类。许多人担心这些化学物质会使他们生病甚至致癌。事实上，像滴滴涕这样的杀虫剂在大多数国家已经被禁止了，因为它们对人类和环境造成了破坏。至于化肥，通常施了化肥的农作物生长得太快而缺乏丰富的营养。它们的外观或许好看，但内部的水分通常比必需的矿物质要多，而且味道一般也较差。 作为一种选择，一些农民转向有机农业，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时转向有机食品。有机农业就是不使用任何化学物质的简单农业。有机农场主注重通过自然的方式保持土壤的肥沃和免受病害。例如，许多有机农场主使用来自动物的天然粪便作为肥料。这使得他们地里的土壤矿物质更丰富。它还使空气、土壤、水和农作物不受化学物质的污染。 有机农场主也使用许多其他方法来使土壤肥沃。他们经常每年改变每一块地的作物种类。例如，他们可能一年在一块地里种玉米或小麦，第二年在那里种豆子。种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质释放回土壤，使其为下一批作物生长做好准备。有机农场主还种植多种作物，利用不同深度的土壤来帮助保持土壤肥沃。例如，花生长在地面上，但许多其他蔬菜扎根很深。使用不同的有机耕作方法的目的是种植好的食物，同时避免对环境或人的健康造成损害。 有些人宁愿完全停止在农业中使用人造化学品。阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。有机农业远不能满足那样的需求。因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人们的餐桌上有足够的食物，同时保持人们和环境尽可能地健康仍然有很长的路要走。 Ⅰ.Read the text (P55～56), then choose the best answer. 1．What dose the word “them” in “who digest them” refer to in the second paragraph? A．Insects.　　　　　　　 B．Bacteria. C．Chemicals. D．Crops. 答案 D 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．The chemicals in the soil will soon disappear. B．Pesticides are of great benefit to helpful bacteria. C．Crops grown with chemical fertilisers can provide more essential minerals. D．Crops grown with chemical fertilisers usually grow too fast. 答案 D 3．What do we know about crops grown with chemical fertilisers? A．They don't taste delicious. B．They don't have enough water inside. C．They are rich in minerals. D．They are more nutritious. 答案 A 4．What is the author's purpose of writing the passage? A．To call on farmers to turn to organic farming. B．To introduce some good ways to make the soil rich. C．To urge the government to stop using pesticides. D．To give some advice on how to increase the output of crops. 答案 A Ⅱ.课文语法填空 Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers 1. have been (be) in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century.Over time, however, 2. what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land 3. and people's health.For example, pesticides can damage the land by 4. killing (kill) not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones.As 5. an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming.Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural 6. means (mean)．Organic farmers also use many other methods 7. to produce (produce) rich soil.The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food.Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture 8. entirely (entire)．But there is still a long way to find a 9. suitable (suit) solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while 10. keeping (keep) people and the environment as healthy as possible. (教材P55)This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them.这影响到在土地上生长的作物，进而影响到以它们为食的动物和人类。 in turn　相应地；转而；依次；轮流 ①by turns　轮流；交替地 take turns (to do sth) 轮流(做某事) ②It is one's turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事 [点津] ①in return (for)作为(对……)报答；回报；②by turns和take turns中的turn用复数形式。 Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)They took turns to look (look) after their parents. ＝They looked after their parents by turns. (2)When it was my turn to give (give) a speech, I was too excited to speak. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)一方面，它不仅有助于强身健体，而且反过来帮助我们更有效地学习。 For one thing, not only does it help to build up our health, but it also helps us learn more effectively in turn . digest　vt.& vi.消化　vt.领会；领悟 n．摘要；文摘 [语义感知]——写出下列句中digest的词性和含义 (4)You shouldn't go swimming until your food has had a chance to digest.　vi.消化　 (5)She couldn't digest food properly.　vt.消化　 (6)The magazine she gave me is Reader's Digest.　n．文摘　 (7)It took me a long time to digest the theory put forward at the meeting.　vt.领会；理解　 (教材P55)They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals…它们的外观或许好看，但内部的水分通常比必需的矿物质要多…… essential　adj.完全必要的；极其重要的 n．[常用pl.]必不可少的东西；必需品 ①be essential to对……来说是不可缺少的 ②It is essential for sb to do sth对某人来说做某事是必要的 It is essential that…(should) do sth做某事是必不可少的 She packed a few essentials and headed for the deep woods.她收拾了一些必需品，向森林深处走去。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)It is essential that these application forms 　(should) be sent　(send) back as early as possible. (2)It is essential for high-new technology companies to strengthen (strengthen) competitive power. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)(2024·1月浙江写作)体育活动可以改善大脑的血液流动，增强记忆力、注意力和创造力，这对学习至关重要。 Physical activity can improve blood flow to the brain, strengthen memory, attention and creativity, which are essential to learning . (教材P55)As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming… 作为一种选择，一些农民转向有机耕作…… alternative　n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的 ①have no alternative/choice but to do sth ＝can do nothing but do sth　别无选择只好做某事 an alternative to (doing) sth (做)某事/某物的替代品 ②alternatively adv.(引出第二种选择或可能的建议)要不；或者 I'm afraid I have no alternative but to wait until my parents finally agree to my plan. 恐怕我别无选择，只好等待父母同意我的计划。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)(2021·6月天津改编)It's a good idea to choose an alternative destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available. (2)(2023·1月浙江改编)Why not book your next domestic vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives (alternative), it's comfortable and relaxing. (3)You can choose not to forgive. Alternatively (alternative) you can choose to let it go. [习作练笔]——词汇升级/补全句子 (4)In order to succeed, we have no choice but to face failure bravely and learn from it.(升级加黑词汇) alternative (5)为了减少污染，除了选择一些清洁的资源， 我们别无选择。 In order to reduce pollution, we 　have no alternative but to choose　 some clean resources. (教材P56)Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops.种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质释放回土壤，使其为下一批作物生长做好准备。 句型公式：现在分词(短语)作结果状语 现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的、意料之中的结果；不定式短语作结果状语表示偶然的、意料之外的结果，且前面常有only修饰。 Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures, making it a happy home for us.大自然为我们的国家提供了丰富的自然宝藏，使之成为我们幸福的家园。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)(2021·北京)From 2000 to 2019，there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, resulting (result) in USD2,970 billion in economic loss. (2)He cut off the wire, preventing (prevent) a big fire. (3)He hurried to the airport, only to be told (tell) that the plane had taken off. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (4)大雨连续下了三个小时，给庄稼造成了很大的损失。 It rained heavily for three hours in a row, 　causing great damage to the crops　. (教材P55)Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.有机农场主还种植多种作物，利用不同深度的土壤来帮助保持土壤肥沃。 depth　n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度) adj. deep high wide long strong broad n. depth height width length strength breadth v. deepen heighten widen lengthen strengthen broaden They sat and talked deep into the night. 他们坐着谈到深夜。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)If this is not stopped, the financial crisis will deepen (deep)． (2)We felt at home with her and were impressed with the depth (deep) of her knowledge. (3)Wandering along the riverside, I was deeply (deep) impressed by its beautiful landscape and gentle lifestyle. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (4)在我的记忆深处，我和父亲做过的许多事情历历在目。 In the depths of my memory , many things I did with my father leap before my eyes. (教材P56)Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need. 有机农业远不能满足那样的需求。 nowhere near　完全没有，远不及 ①We only had $100 and that was nowhere near enough to buy a new computer. 我们只有100美元，远远不够买一台新电脑。 ②In my opinion, she is nowhere near as pretty as you.在我看来，她远不如你漂亮。 [习作练笔]——补全句子 (1)这远没有大卫想象的那么痛苦。 It was nowhere near as painful as David had expected. (2)他还远没有从考试失利中走出来。 He's nowhere near recovered yet from the failure of the test. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$