UNIT 5 Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking(word教参)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking 教材助读9 A PIONEERF<1> FOR ALL PEOPLE Yuan Longping, ①known as the “father of hybrid<2> rice”, was one of China's most famous scientists.Yet, he considered himself a farmer because he continually worked the land<3> in his research.Indeed, his slim<4> but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, ②to whom he had devoted<5> his life. ①过去分词短语known as…作定语，修饰Yuan Longping。be known as…意为“作为……而出名”。 ②此处是“介词to＋whom”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词farmers。devote…to是固定搭配，介词to被提到了关系代词前面。 Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing.His parents wanted him to pursue a career<6> in science or medicine.However, ③what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage<7> of food to eat.④To tackle<8> this crisis<9>, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. ③此处是主从复合句。what concerned him most是主语从句，what在此处的意思是“……的事”。 that farmers often had poor harvests…是表语从句。 ④不定式短语to tackle this crisis在句中作目的状语。 After graduating in 1953，he worked as<10> a researcher.Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution<11>．Instead, farmers needed to boost<12> yields<13> in the fields ⑤they had.⑥How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.Yuan was convinced<14> that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.A hybrid is a cross<15> between two or more varieties of a species<16>.One characteristic<17> of hybrids is that they usually attain<18> a higher yield than conventional<19> crops.However, ⑦whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating<20> plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.The common assumption<21> then was ⑧that it could not be done.Through intense<22> effort, Yuan overcame<23> enormous<24> technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice ⑨that could be used for farming in 1974.This hybrid enabled<25> farmers to expand<26> their output<27> greatly. ⑤they had是定语从句，修饰先行词the fields，引导词that/which因在从句中作宾语而被省略了。⑥此处是主语从句，引导词是how，整个句子一起作主语。 ⑦此处是由whether引导的主语从句，在整个句子中作主语。 ⑧此处是表语从句，引导词是that，在句中没有词义，只起连接作用，不可省略。 ⑨此处是定语从句，先行词是hybrid rice，引导词that在定语从句中作主语。 Today, ⑩it is estimated<28> that about 60 percent of domestic<29> rice consumption<30> in China is comprised<31> of crops generated<32> from Yuan's hybrid strains<33>, and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.Yuan's innovation<34> has helped feed not just China, but many other countries ⑪that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam. Because of his invaluable<35> contributions, Yuan Longping received numerous<36> awards both in China and abroad. ⑩此句中it是形式主语，后面的that从句是真正的主语。that只起连接作用，不作任何成分。it作形式主语时，真正的主语可以是不定式、动名词或从句。本句中generated from Yuan's hybrid strains是过去分词短语作定语，可转化为定语从句which are generated from…。 ⑪此处是定语从句，先行词是countries，that在定语从句中作主语，这里that也可换成 which。 ⑫Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure<37>．However, this is far from the case<38>.Deep down<39>， Yuan was still very much a farmer at heart.As a man of the soil<40>，he cared little for<41> celebrity<42> or money.Instead, he made large donations to support<43> agricultural research. ⑫given that “考虑到，鉴于”，引导条件状语从句。 ⑬What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing<44> ability to fulfill his dreams<45>．Long ago, he envisioned<46> rice plants as tall as sorghum<47>， with each ear<48> of rice as big as a broom<49>， and each grain<50> of rice as huge as a peanut.He succeeded in producing<51> a kind of rice ⑭that could feed more people at home and abroad.His later vision<52> for “seawater rice” also became a reality<53>， and potentially<54> opened up<55> nearly one million square kilometres of salty<56> land in China for rice production.Even in his later years, Yuan Longping was still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone was always excited to see what he would dream up<57> next. ⑬此处是主语从句。what是主语从句的引导词，且在主语从句中作主语，意思是“……的事情”。 ⑭此处是定语从句，先行词是a kind of rice，引导词是that，that在定语从句中作主语。 <1>pioneer n．先锋；拓荒者 <2>hybrid/ˈhaIbrId/n.杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车 <3>work the land耕种土地，在地里工作 <4>slim adj.瘦削的，苗条的 <5>devote…to把……用于；献身；致力；专心 <6>pursue a career从事一种职业 <7>shortage/ˈʃɔːtIdʒ/n.不足；缺少；短缺 ※a shortage of缺少 <8>tackle/ˈtækl/vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理 <9>crisis/ˈkraIsIs/ n．(pl.crises/-siːz/)危机；危急关头 ※in crisis处于危机中 <10>work as担任；以……身份而工作 <11>solution n．解决办法；处理手段；答案 <12>boost/buːst/vt.使增长；使兴旺 n．增长；提高；激励 <13>yield/jiːld/n.产量；产出 vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等)v.屈服；让步 <14>convince/kənˈvIns/vt.使相信；使确信；说服 <15>cross n．杂交动植物，十字形 v．穿过 <16>varieties of a species一个物种的变种 <17>characteristic/ˌkærəktəˈrIstIk/n.特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的 <18>attain/əˈteIn/vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到 <19>conventional /kənˈvenʃənl/adj.传统的；习惯的 <20>pollinate/ˈpɒləneIt/vt.授粉；传粉 <21>assumption/əˈsʌmpʃn/n.假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得 <22>intense/Inˈtens/adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 <23>overcome/ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜 <24>enormous adj.巨大的；庞大的 <25>enable sb to do sth使某人能做某事 <26>expand/Ikˈspænd/vt.&vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务) <27>output/ˈaʊtpʊt/n.产量；输出；输出量 vt.(output，output)输出 <28>estimate/ˈestImət/vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算 <29>domestic/dəˈmestIk/adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的 <30>consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃn/n.消耗；消耗量；消费 <31>comprise/kəmˈpraIz/vt.包括；包含；由……组成 <32>generate/ˈdʒenəreIt/vt.产生；引起 <33>strain/streIn/n.(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力 <34>innovation n．创新；革新 <35>invaluable adj.无价的；非常贵重的 <36>numerous adj.许多的，很多的 <37>leisure/ˈleʒə(r)/n.闲暇；休闲；空闲 <38>far from the case远非如此 <39>deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上 <40>soil/sɔIl/n.泥土；土壤；国土；领土 <41>care for关心，照顾；喜欢 <42>celebrity/səˈlebrəti/n.名望；名誉；名人；名流 <43>make donations to do sth捐款做某事 <44>ongoing adj.仍在进行的；不断前进的 <45>fulfill dreams实现梦想 <46>envision/InˈvIʒn/vt.展望；想象 <47>sorghum/ˈsɔːgəm/n.高粱；高粱米 <48>ear n．(谷类植物的)穗，耳朵 <49>broom/bruːm/n.扫把；扫帚；金雀花 <50>grain/greIn/n.谷物；谷粒；颗粒 <51>succeed in doing sth成功做某事 <52>vision/ˈvIʒn/n.想象；视力；视野；影像 <53>reality/riˈæləti/n.现实；实际情况；事实 <54>potentially adv.可能地，潜在地 <55>open up打开；开发 <56>salty/ˈsɔːlti/adj.含盐的；咸的 <57>dream up凭空想出，虚构出 全民先锋 袁隆平，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，是中国最著名的科学家之一。然而，他认为自己是一个农民，因为他不断地在土地上从事他的研究工作。确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。 袁隆平1930年出生于北京。他的父母希望他从事科学或医学方面的事业。然而，最让他忧心的是，农民经常歉收，有时甚至严重缺粮。为了应对这个危机，他选择了学习农业，并在重庆的西南农学院接受教育。 1953年毕业后，他从事研究工作。袁隆平意识到，解决问题的办法并不是扩大农田面积，而是农民们需要提高他们已有土地上农作物的产量。如何做到这一点在当时是一个具有挑战性的问题。袁隆平确信，答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。杂交植物是一个物种的两个或多个变种之间的杂交。杂交作物的一个特点是它们的产量通常比传统作物高。然而，是否有可能培育出水稻等自花授粉植物的杂交种，这是一个很大的争论问题。当时的普遍假设是这是做不到的。通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术困难，于1974年培育出了第一批可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。这种杂交作物使农民能够大幅度增加他们的水稻产量。 据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物。他的杂交水稻品种让中国农民每年能够生产出大约2亿吨大米。袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国，也养活了许多其他依赖大米的国家，如印度和越南。因为他作出了不可估量的贡献，袁隆平在国内外获得了无数奖项。 考虑到杂交水稻已经使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。然而，事实远非如此。袁隆平在内心深处依然是一个农民。作为一个土生土长的人，他不太在乎名声和金钱。相反，他大量捐款支持农业研究。 袁隆平最让人印象深刻的是他不断实现梦想的能力。很久以前，他设想了一种像高粱一样高的水稻，每一穗米都像扫帚一样大，每一粒米都像花生一样大。他成功地生产出一种可以养活更多国内外人民的大米。他后续培育“海水稻”的设想也成为现实，并可能在中国开辟近100万平方千米的盐碱地，用于水稻生产。甚至在他的晚年，袁隆平的内心仍然年轻，充满憧憬，每个人都对他下一步的设想激动不已。 Ⅰ.明主旨大意 What's the main idea of the passage? A．Ways to increase the rice output. B．Yuan Longping's dreams. C．Yuan Longping's super hybrid rice. D．Yuan Longping—an agricultural pioneer. 答案 D Ⅱ.绘层次结构 Match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1　 A．Yuan conducted research and developed hybrid rice. Para.2 B．Yuan was old but still full of dreams. Para.3 C．Yuan considered himself a farmer. Para.4 D．Yuan decided to study agriculture. Para.5　 E．Yuan's innovation has helped to feed more people. Para.6　 F．Yuan cared little for celebrity or money. 答案 Paras.1～6　CDAEFB Read the text (P50～51), then choose the best answer. 1．What can we know from the first paragraph? A．Yuan Longping was a farmer. B．Yuan Longping looked like a farmer. C．Yuan Longping had a weak body. D．Yuan Longping is China's most famous scientist. 答案 B 2．Why did Yuan Longping choose to study agriculture? A．Because his parents wanted him to do so. B．Because he wanted to win awards in this field. C．Because farmers sometimes suffered from serious shortage of food at that time. D．Because he wanted to make more money by selling seeds. 答案 C 3．How long did it take Yuan Longping to develop his super hybrid rice? A．12 years.　　　　　 B．14 years. C．21 years. D．30 years. 答案 C 4．Which of the following can we know from the passage? A．Yuan Longping is living a life of leisure. B．Most experts on agriculture agreed on the possibility of developing a kind of hybrid rice. C．“Seawater rice” is a kind of rice that has a low output. D．Yuan Longping is not interested in becoming famous or wealthy. 答案 D Ⅰ.解决长难句 [翻译]　然而，最让他们忧心的是，农民经常歉收，有时甚至严重缺粮。 [翻译]　通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术困难，于1974年培育出了第一批可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。 [翻译]　据估计，现在中国国内消耗的约60%的大米是由袁隆平的杂交水稻品种生产的水稻组成的，他的杂交水稻品种让中国农民每年能够生产出大约2亿吨大米。 [翻译]　甚至在他的晚年，袁隆平的内心仍然年轻，满怀憧憬，每个人都对他下一步的设想激动不已。 Ⅱ.课文语法填空 Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”， was born in 1930.1. Learning (learn) that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat, he chose to study agriculture and graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since his 2. graduation (graduate), Yuan had devoted his life to finding ways 3. to produce (produce) more rice.Through intense effort, he overcame enormous technical 4. difficulties (difficulty) to develop the first hybrid rice 5. that could be used for farming in 1974.This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output 6. greatly (great)．Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China 7. is comprised (comprise) of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains.Yuan's innovation has helped feed not just China, 8. but many other countries that depend on rice as well. Though Yuan's hybrids made him quite 9. wealthy (wealth), he didn't lead a life of leisure.Instead, he donated much money to support agricultural research.Even in his later years, he was still young at heart and full 10. of vision, and everyone was always excited to see what he would dream up next. (教材P50)Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。 句型公式：修辞之明喻 ①明喻：在强调两种事物的相似点的同时，本体、喻体、喻词都出现，喻词有like, as, as…as, as if, compared to, be similar to； 暗喻：即隐喻，根据两个事物间的某些共同特征，将某一事物的名称用于另一事物。暗喻一般是本体、喻体都出现，但找不出像like, as, as if之类的喻词； ②拟人：指把生物或动物直接当作人来描写； ③夸张：以一种言过其实的说法表达强调的目的。 (环境描写)The icy wind started howling, cutting my face like a sharp knife. 寒风开始咆哮，像锋利的尖刀一样刺痛我的脸。 [写作练笔]——补全句子 (1)他吓得浑身发抖，好像看见鬼似的。 He was shaking with fright as if he had seen a ghost . (2)他如闪电般飞快地跑出水池，然后爬上一棵树。 He got out of the water as fast as lightning and climbed up a tree. (3)花儿在微风中点点头。 The flowers nodded in the breeze . (4)这位老人的脸就是岁月的写照。 The old man's face is a map of time . (5)一收到这个坏消息，我们焦虑不安，如坐针毡。 On receiving the bad news, we were filled with anxiety, sitting on pins and needles . devote　vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于 ①devote…to　把……用于；献身于；致力于；专心于 devote oneself to 致力于；献身于 ②devoted adj.深爱的；忠诚的 be devoted to (doing) sth 专心于/致力于(做)某事 ③devotion n．关爱；奉献 [点津] 上面搭配中的to均为介词。 (2022·全国甲满分作文)All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting ocean. 总而言之，是时候我们该致力于保护海洋了。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (6)(2023·3月天津改编)Lei Feng was a soldier who devoted his lifetime to helping (help) those in need. (7) Devoted (devote) to the cause of education, she didn't get married in her whole life. (8)He is respected by the students for his devotion (devote) to the cause of education. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (9)致力于研究，他没有时间与家人共度周末。 ① Devoting himself to his research, he has no time to spend a weekend with his family.(现在分词短语作状语) ② Devoted to his research, he has no time to spend a weekend with his family.(形容词短语作状语) (教材P50)However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.然而，最让他忧心的是，农民经常歉收，有时甚至会严重缺粮。 句型公式：what 引导主语从句 what concerned him most为该句的主语，what引导主语从句时，常在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 What I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. 我想告诉你的是我对我父母深深的爱和尊敬。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)But we need to keep in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person. (2)What is proved is that animals and insects have their own languages. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)让这个孩子最担心的是，他没有被允许去看望在医院里的母亲。 What worried/concerned the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital. (4)学习英语最重要的是足够的练习。 What matters most in learning English is enough practice. (教材P50)Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 袁隆平确信，答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。 convince　vt.使相信；使确信；说服 ①convince sb to do sth说服某人做某事 convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事 convince sb that… 使某人相信…… ②convinced adj.确信的；深信的 be convinced of 确信……；相信…… be convinced that… 确信…… ③convincing adj.令人信服的 (动作描写)Yelling at the top of his lung, Joe tried to convince me that it was the best way to escape the danger.乔声嘶力竭地叫喊着，试图让我相信这是逃离危险的最好办法。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)They tried to convince him to support (support) them. (2)You'll need to convince them of your passion for the job. (3)There is now convincing (convince) evidence that smoking causes lung cancer. [习作练笔]——词汇升级/句式升级 (4)I'm firmly sure that no matter when chances arrive, we are able to seize them as long as we are well prepared.(升级加黑词汇) convinced (5)Because I am convinced that Li Hua has the ability to do the job, I am writing to recommend him to you. → Convinced that Li Hua has the ability to do the job , I am writing to recommend him to you.(用非谓语作状语) (教材P50)One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops.杂交作物的一个特点是它们的产量通常比传统作物高。 attain　vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到 ①attain one's goal(s)实现某人的目标 ②attainable adj.可达到的；可获得的 ①No matter what anyone says, you can attain your goals if you never give up.不管别人说什么，只要不放弃你就一定能实现你的目标。 ②The cheetah can attain speeds of up to 97kph. 猎豹的奔跑速度每小时可达97千米。 [融会练通]——语段填空 (1)We hope this objective will be attained .The standard is attainable for most students.Certainly, to attain five “A” grades, we must work harder and harder.(attain) [习作练笔]——补全句子 (2)小时候，他就对足球充满了热情，15岁时，他终于实现了为国家队效力的目标。 As a child, he had a passion for football and ultimately attained his goal of playing for the national team at the age of 15. (教材P50)The common assumption then was that it could not be done. 当时的普遍假设是这无法做到。 assumption　n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得 ①make an assumption　认为；假定 ②assume vt.假定；设想 assume sb/sth to be… 假定/假设某人/某物为…… It is assumed that… 人们认为…… ③assuming conj.假设，假定 We assumed him to be the best writer of our time. 我们认为他是我们这个时代最好的作家。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Try to understand what is actually happening instead of acting on the assumption (assume) you've made. (2) Assuming (assume) that I am chosen to be a volunteer at the Olympic Games, I will serve the people heart and soul. [习作练笔]——句型转换 (3)People assume that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. → It is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. (教材P50)This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.这种杂交作物使农民能够大幅度增加他们的水稻产量。 expand　vt.& vi.扩大；增加；膨胀 vt.扩展；发展(业务) [语义感知]——写出下列句中expand的含义 (1)Engineers noticed that the pipes were not expanding as expected. 膨胀 (2)You should read English newspapers to expand your vocabulary. 增加 (3)We've expanded the business by opening two more stores. 扩展 ①expand to扩大到 be expanded into扩展至 expand on/upon更充分地阐述；详谈 expand/broaden one's view开阔视野 ②expansionn.扩大，扩展 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (4)The expansion (expand) of the factory will mean the employment of sixty extra workers. (5)I'm satisfied with your explanation, so there is no need to expand on/upon it. (6)We hope the trip will take place every year and expand to neighbouring countries. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (7)使我高兴的是，我通过旅游开阔了视野。 To my delight, I have expanded my view by travelling. (教材P50～51)Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains.据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物。 estimate　vt.估计；估价；估算　n．估计；估算 ①be estimated to be　　估计…… It is estimated that… 据估计…… ②by estimate 按照估计 below estimate 低于估计 a rough estimate of sth 对某物粗略地估计 (2023·新高考Ⅰ)…those errors aren't always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate.……这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)A large number of paintings are collected and displayed in the British Museum, the most famous one estimated (estimate) to be worth more than 80 million dollars. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (2)虽然很难量化，但据估计，全世界每年有数百万人因空气污染而过早死亡。 Though it is very difficult to quantify, 　it is estimated that　 millions of people die prematurely due to air pollution each year worldwide. comprise　vt.包括；包含；由……组成 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成) People aged 65 and over now comprise nearly 20% of the population. 65岁及65岁以上的人占现在人口的近20%。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (3)The team comprised (comprise) of five students occupy themselves in preparing for the Chinese Speech Competition. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (4)由25位医生和17名护士组成的救援队已被派往灾区。 ①The rescue team made up of twenty-five doctors and seventeen nurses has been sent to the disaster areas.(make) ②The rescue team comprised of twenty-five doctors and seventeen nurses has been sent to the disaster areas.(comprise) ③The rescue team composed of twenty-five doctors and seventeen nurses has been sent to the disaster areas.(compose) ④The rescue team consisting of twenty-five doctors and seventeen nurses has been sent to the disaster areas. (consist) (教材P51)Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure. 考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他已经退休，享受悠闲的生活。 句型公式：“given that…”引导条件状语从句 ①given that引导条件状语从句，可根据语境意为“考虑到，鉴于，假如，如果，只要，在有……的情况下”，其中that可以省略； ②其他同义表达有considering, regarding, supposing, assuming, as long as等。 Given that he can get another chance, he will surely succeed.如果再给他一次机会，他一定会成功。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1) Given (give) she is interested in children, I'm sure teaching is the right occupation for her. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (2)(建议信)鉴于你要参加中国诗歌朗诵比赛，我想给你提供一些实际的建议。 ① Given (that) you will take part in a Chinese poetry reciting contest , I'd like to offer you some practical advice. ② Assuming (that) you will take part in a Chinese poetry reciting contest , I'd like to offer you some practical advice. ③　Supposing (that) you will take part in a Chinese poetry reciting contest　, I'd like to offer you some practical advice. ④ As long as you will take part in a Chinese poetry reciting contest , I'd like to offer you some practical advice. (教材P51)His later vision for “seawater rice” also became a reality… 他后续培育“海水稻”的设想也成为现实…… reality　n．现实；实际情况；事实 ①in reality＝in fact＝as a matter of fact 　实际上 make…/turn…into a reality 把……变为现实 ②real adj.真实的 ③realise vt.实现 Fighting for realising the Chinese dream is the source of our strength. 为实现中国梦而奋斗是我们的力量源泉。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)In reality , the real part of his story was that Jim really helped the twins 　to realise/realize　 their dream of travelling abroad.(real) [习作练笔]——同义替换/补全句子 (2)He looked very confident and calm, but in fact (→ in reality ) he was extremely nervous. (3)每个人都有过幸福生活的梦想，但实现梦想需要的是勇气。 Everyone has his dream of living a happy life, but it is courage that he needs to make his dream a reality/to realize his dream/to turn his dream into a reality . 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$