2.2.1 Language Points(word教参)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版2019）

Period Two　Topic Talk & Lesson 1 Part Ⅰ　Language Points Ⅰ.重点单词 1． career n．职业，事业 2． professor n．教授 3． symbol n．象征，标志 4． furniture n．家具 5． dormitory ＝ dorm n．寝室，学生宿舍 6． determined adj.坚定的，坚决的→ determine v．决心；决定→ determination n．决心；决定 7． optimistic adj.乐观的，乐观主义的→(反义词) pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的 8． disciplined adj.遵守纪律的→ discipline v．处罚；训练，管教；自我控制 n．纪律；风纪 9． committed adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的→ commit v．犯罪；做错事；自杀；承诺→ commitment n．投入，忠诚，奉献；承诺 10． enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的→ enthusiasm n．热情 11． ambitious adj.有抱负的，有雄心的→ ambition n．雄心；野心 12． appreciative adj.感激的→ appreciate vt.欣赏；赏识→ appreciation n．欣赏；感激 13． injury n．伤，损害→ injure v．损害 14． cooperation n．合作，协作→ cooperate v．合作，协作 15． employee n．雇员→ employ v．雇用→ employer n．雇主 16． millionaire n．百万富翁→ million n．百万 17． comfortably adv.舒服地，舒适地→ comfort v．安慰 n．舒适；安慰→ comfortable adj.舒服的，舒适的 18． fortune n．大笔的钱，巨款→ fortunate adj.幸运的→(反义词) unfortunate adj.不幸的 19． hunger n．饥饿，饥荒→ hungry adj.饥饿的→ hungrily adv.饥饿地 20． guilty adj.内疚的，羞愧的→ guilt n．内疚，羞愧 掌握规律　巧记单词 词缀助记派生词 v．＋-ed/-d→adj. determine→determined坚决的，坚定的 discipline→disciplined遵守纪律的 commit→committed坚定的；尽心尽力的 Ⅱ.核心短语 1． make sense 　有意义；解释得通 2． get on 发迹；出人头地 3． be determined to do sth 下定决心做某事 4． be pleased to 高兴，乐于 5． give away 赠送；泄露(秘密) 6． die of 死于 7． dream up 凭空想出；虚构出 8． turn one's back on/upon 不理睬；背弃 9． be tired of 对……厌烦(指精神上) 10． drop out 退出，脱离；辍学 Ⅲ.经典句式 1．定语从句，关系代词作宾语省略 But do all millionaires get the sense of success they were looking for after they achieve their goals？但是，百万富翁们都在实现目标后获得所寻求的成功感了吗？ 2．that引导同位语从句 There are certainly no signs that Jason is a rich and successful man ！根本没有迹象能表明詹森是一个富有而成功的人！ 3．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle, and he discovered that having only a little money made him free . 詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有少量的金钱使他获得了自由。 4．现在分词短语作状语 This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty 　being a rich man without doing anything　. 这让我非常担心，作为一位富人不能有所作为，我感到非常内疚。 1　(教材P28)be passionate and determined about what you do对你做的事情有热情和决心 determined　adj.坚定的，坚决的；有决心的 ①be determined to do sth/that…　下定决心做某事(表示状态) ②determine vt.确定；决定；下定决心 determine to do sth 决定做某事(表示动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事 ③determination n．决心；决定 (1)(2023·3月天津)We are determined that our teacher training programs should keep pace with current developments in the field of education. 我们下定决心教师培训计划应该跟上当前教育领域的发展。 (2)No matter what the professor determines 　to do　(do), I would side with him. 不管这个教授决定做什么，我都会支持他。 (3)I have determined on going (go) to the countryside after graduation. 我已决定毕业后到农村去。 (4)The government's quick action shows its determination (determine) of cooperation. 政府的迅速行动表明了其合作的决心。 2　(教材P30)However, there are people who have turned their backs on their millions and found other forms of success in their lives.然而有些人却放弃了他们的百万财富，找到了人生中其他形式的成功。 turn one's back on　拒绝；不理睬 turn one's back to　背对；背弃 turn a deaf ear to 对……充耳不闻 turn a blind eye to 对……闭目不看；对……视而不见 (1)Though he is very enthusiastic, he'll turn his back on me if I ask for money.尽管他很热情，但是我若向他要钱，他就会不理我。 (2)When you speak to employees, don't turn your back to them. 当你跟雇员谈话时，不要背对着他们。 (3)Why did the officials turn a blind eye to the crime? 为什么官员对此罪行视而不见？ (4)The government shouldn't turn a deaf ear to the rising house price. 政府不应该对房价的上涨置若罔闻。 3　(教材P31)But Jason appreciates this change.但是詹森喜欢这种变化。 appreciate　vt.欣赏；理解；鉴赏；感激 ①appreciate doing sth　愿意做某事 appreciate one's doing sth 感激某人做某事 I would appreciate it if… 如果……我将不胜感激。 ②appreciation n．欣赏；理解；鉴赏；感激；评价 [提示] appreciate后接动名词作宾语，不接不定式；而且不能以“人”作宾语。如： Thanks for your help.We did appreciate you.(误) Thanks for your help.We did appreciate it.(正) (1)(2023·全国甲)This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food.这里很适合与喜欢美食的同事一起吃烛光晚餐或开工作会议。 (2)I really appreciate your calling (call) back this afternoon. 我非常感激你今天下午回电话。 (3)I'd appreciate it if you could teach me how to make a fortune. 如果你能教我如何发财，我将不胜感激。 (4)(2023·1月浙江写作)I also gained a greater appreciation (appreciate) for the role that plants play in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem. 我也更加认识到植物在维持生态系统平衡方面所起的作用。 4　(教材P31)He is pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man.他很高兴能放弃富人的生活方式。 pleased　adj.高兴的，满意的 be pleased to do sth　乐意/高兴做某事 be pleased with/about/at 对……感到满意/高兴 be pleased that… 对……感到愉快 (1)I'm so pleased that you're able to come to my birthday party. 你能来参加我的生日聚会，我太高兴了。 (2)(2022·1月浙江写作)I am pleased to know (know) you are leading a happy life in your hometown. 我很高兴知道你在家乡过着幸福的生活。 (3)The millionaire is very pleased with/about/at the newly-built house, which is almost twice the size of the one he used to live in. 这个百万富翁对新建的房子很满意，这个房子几乎是他过去居住的两倍大。 5　(教材P31)He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life, as a person who had everything while many people had nothing. 他厌倦了过别人眼中成功的生活，在很多人一无所有的时候自己能够拥有一切。 be tired of　讨厌；厌倦 ①be tired of (doing) sth讨厌(做)某事 be tired from因……而感到疲倦 be tired out＝be worn out 非常疲倦；精疲力竭 ②be sick of (doing) sth讨厌(做)某事 (1)We are tired of watching the TV plays about the Qing Dynasty. 我们看烦了关于清朝的电视剧。 (2)I am tired from staying up all night, making every sentence of my speech make sense. 由于整晚熬夜以使我演讲的每句话都说得通，我感到很疲倦。 (3)If you're tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. 如果你到周五晚上非常疲倦了，那么周六睡懒觉听起来不错。 [句式升级] (4)As he was tired of the long speech, he got up and left the hall. → Tired of the long speech , he got up and left the hall.(用形容词短语作状语改写) tire v．使疲劳/厌倦→tiring adj.令人疲劳的→ tired adj.疲劳的；厌倦的 [语境串记]　His tiring lecture tired the students and some of them were so tired that they even fell into sleep.他那令人厌倦的报告使学生厌倦，他们中一些人厌倦得甚至睡着了。 6　(教材P31)He made the choice to give all his money away.他决定把自己的钱财都捐赠出去。 give away　赠送，给予；泄露；颁发 [一词多义]——写出下列句中give away的含义 (1)The millionaire was so nice that he decided to give away ninety percent of his money to charities. 捐赠 (2)Body language can give away a lot about your mood. 泄露 (3)The headmaster gave away the prizes to the winners at the sports meeting. 颁发 give in　屈服；投降；让步；交上 give in to sb 向某人投降/屈服/让步 give off 发出，放出(气味、热、光等) give out 散发(声、光、热等)；用完，耗尽；分发 give up 放弃；戒掉 (4)The professor is so kind that he often gives away his money to the poor. 这位教授很善良，他经常把钱捐给穷人。 (5)Finally the woman had no choice but to give in to her determined daughter.最后，这个女人别无选择只好向坚决的女儿让步了。 (6)The green plant gave off a strange smell, which made me sick. 这棵绿植散发一种奇怪的气味，让我感到恶心。 (7)Two days later our food gave out , so we had to return to our home.两天后我们的食物吃光了，因此我们只好回家了。 7　(教材P31)They didn't have the chance to learn and get on in life. 他们没有机会学习并在生活中取得成功。 get on　发迹；出人头地 get into　陷入；染上(坏习惯) get away with 逃脱惩罚 get along/on with 进展；相处 get down to sth 开始认真做某事 get through 通过；完成 get over 克服 (1)In China, parents are always anxious for their children to get on.在中国，父母总是急切地盼望着孩子们出人头地。 (2)When he got into trouble, his best friend made a commitment to help him out. 当他陷入麻烦时，他最好的朋友承诺帮他摆脱困境。 (3)Don't be optimistic about cheating—you'll never get away with it. 别对作弊感到乐观——你永远逃不掉惩罚的。 (4)How are you getting along/on with your new classmates？你和你的新同学相处得怎么样？ (5)The man is looking for a way to get over the difficulties.这个人正在想办法克服困难。 8　(教材P31)Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle, and he discovered that having only a little money made him free. 詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有少量的金钱使他获得了自由。 drop out　退出，脱离；辍学 drop out of　从……中退出 drop in (1)She was injured in the first round and had to drop out. 她在第一轮(比赛中)受伤了，不得不退出(比赛)。 (2)As far as I'm aware, it's likely that he will drop out of school to attend to his sick mother. 据我所知，他有可能辍学去照顾他生病的母亲。 (3)Would you drop in on us tomorrow evening for a chat about our cooperation? 你明晚过来和我们一起谈谈合作好吗？ (4)Why don't we just drop in at a bar somewhere and have a beer or two comfortably？我们为什么不随便找个酒吧，舒服地喝一两瓶啤酒呢？ 句型：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 句中made him free属于“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。在这一结构中，宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、过去分词、名词或形容词。 [注意] 当“make＋宾语＋do sth”变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要加上。 (5)(2022·6月天津)The following four tips will make high school graduates better prepared for college life.下面的四点建议可以让高中毕业生更好地为大学生活做准备。 (6)We made the enthusiastic boy chairman of our English Speaking Society. 我们选这个热情的男孩当英语会话社主席。 (7)(2022·6月浙江改编)A lack of trust can make people work (work) against you rather than for you. 缺乏信任会让人们与你作对，而不是支持你。 (8)The man spoke loudly to make himself heard (hear)． 这个人大声说话为的是让别人听到他的声音。 (9)The employee was made to work (work) for over ten hours a day. 这个雇员一天被迫工作10个多小时。 9　(教材P106)Yes, that makes a lot of sense. 是的，那很有意义。 make sense　解释得通；有意义 make sense of　懂得；了解……的意义 make no sense 讲不通；没有意义 in a sense 在某种意义上；在某种程度上 in no sense 决不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装) There's no/little sense in doing sth. 做某事(几乎)没有意义。 (1)What the professor said couldn't make any sense to me. ＝I couldn't make sense of what the professor said.我不能理解这个教授所说的话。 (2) In a sense , I think he likes being responsible for everything. 从某种意义上说，我认为他喜欢包揽一切。 (3)Commitment makes no sense —so many things will change. 承诺是没有意义的——那么多事情会发生变化。 (4)There's no sense in arguing (argue) with her—she is so stubborn! 和她争论是没有意义的——她那么固执！ 10　(教材P106)Despite many injuries in his career, he always remained determined and focused. 尽管在他的事业中有很多伤，但是他总是保持坚定和专注。 injury　n．损伤；伤害 ①do sb an injury/do an injury to sb　伤害某人 ②injure vt.损伤；伤害 ③injured adj.受伤的 the injured 伤者 (1)Don't do that.You'll do yourself an injury. 别那样做，你会把自己弄伤的。 (2)I heard that her son was injured (injure) in the accident.我听说她儿子在事故中受伤了。 (3)The injured (injure) were sent to the nearest hospital at once.伤者立刻被送往最近的医院。 [易混辨析] injure, wound, hurt ①injure指人在意外事故中受到的伤害，可用于无生命物体的损坏，更多用于对人的某个部位的损伤； ②wound指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上的受伤； ③hurt指一般的肉体伤害，尤指精神上或感情上的伤害。此外hurt也可用作不及物动词，意为“受伤”。 [选词填空]——injure, wound, hurt (4)Luckily no one got wounded in the battle. (5)You really hurt me when you said I was selfish and was not appreciative. (6)In the traffic accident ten employees were killed and eight were injured . 11　(教材P106)His commitment was amazing. 他的投入是惊人的。 commitment　n．投入，忠诚，奉献；承诺 ①make a commitment to sth/sb　对某物/人做出承诺 make a commitment to do sth 保证/承诺做某事 carry out one's commitment 履行某人的承诺 ②commit vt.承诺；犯(罪或错误等)；花(钱或时间) vi.全心全意投入 commit…to 在……投入…… commit sb/oneself to (doing) sth 承诺(做)某事 ③committed adj.尽心尽力的，坚信的，坚定的 be committed to (doing) sth 承诺(做)某事，投入(做)某事 (1)People always commit mistakes but if they are committed to never doing it again and carry out their commitment actually, they will gain forgiveness. 人们总是会犯错误，但如果他们承诺不再犯错误并且真的履行承诺，他们就会被原谅。 (2)Both sides committed themselves to settling (settle) the dispute peacefully at that time. 双方承诺和平解决争端。 (3)The Canadian government is committed (commit) to advancing the quality in the use of English and French.加拿大政府致力于提高英语和法语的使用质量。 (4)They are looking for some employees with a real sense of commitment (commit) to the job. 他们在寻找一些对工作真正有责任感的员工。 12　(教材P30)There are certainly no signs that Jason is a rich and successful man！根本没有迹象能表明詹森是一个富有而成功的人！ 句型：that引导同位语从句 这是一个复合句，是由that引导的同位语从句，解释说明名词signs的内容。that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词如：fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility, chance, plan等之后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that本身没有任何意义也不作任何成分，只是起连接词的作用，但不能省略。wh-疑问词也可以引导同位语从句，通常放在question, no idea, problem等之后。 (1)(2022·1月浙江续写)One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease.有一天我听说他因重病住院。 (2)We'd better accept his suggestion that we (should) make good use of this cooperation. 我们最好接受他的建议，好好利用这次合作。 (3)The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody. 他实验成功的事实使大家很高兴。 (4)The question whether we can reduce the cost of the product is still under discussion. 我们能否降低产品成本的问题仍在讨论之中。 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Many more freshmen have trouble adjusting to dormitory (寝室) life. 2．University professors both teach and undertake research. 3．(2023·1月浙江)But it does not specify what those symbols (标志) mean.Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. 4． Astronauts have brought back specimens of rock from the Moon. 5．(2023·北京改编)I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career . 6．I felt guilty (内疚的) about not visiting my parents more often. 7．To sum up, being a good journalist requires writing skills, curiosity and commitment (奉献)． 8．(2023·全国甲改编)Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic (乐观的)． 9．Each piece of furniture (家具) in their home suited the style of the house. 10．She is an ambitious (有抱负的) young professional that any company would be glad to have. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．He turns his back on the man who really needs help. 2．Internet makes our life easy and convenient (convenience)． 3．(2022·6月浙江)But how can a painting 　be appreciated　(appreciate) by someone who's blind? 4．You may drop in at my house or just give me a call.Either will do. 5．Tom's very good at science while his brother is absolutely hopeless. 6．I'm very pleased with/at my own cooking.It looks nice and smells delicious. 7．In order to get on in life, many people are making use of every chance to work hard. 8．He left home after a quarrel with his parents, determined (determine) never to be back. 9．Every evening, if not tired (tire) from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. 10．Having given away some national secrets to the enemy, the man was sentenced to prison. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$