UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking（Word练习）-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第一册同步练测（人教版2019）

[对应素能提升训练第48页] [基础语用题] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．A few minutes later, the whistle(笛声)sounded and the train began to move off. 2．This region which had been relatively calm erupted(爆发)in violence again this spring. 3．Pipes(管道)in the buildings cracked or burst in the earthquake. 4．The volcano(火山)came to life a week ago. 5．Ring the bell in an emergency(紧急情况)while you are alone in that building. Ⅱ.短语填空 next to；in the open air；first of all；stay away from；on hand 1．First of all, let me say how glad I am to be here today. 2．The emergency services were on hand with medical advice. 3．Water pipes in the open air are easy to burst in winter. 4．Mike is eager to stay away from the busy city life for a while. 5．The policemen are spying on the three men in the room next to the door. Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1．As you can see, beliefs are very powerful(power)because they determine what experiences you will have in life. 2．Earthquakes cannot be predicted, but your chances of survival(survive)are much larger if you know what to do when an earthquake strikes. 3．Tom's uncle aided him in getting(get)a new job． 4．The government has supplied the local people with plenty of food and clothes since the earthquake happened． 5．In my opinion, such wonderful things will calm you down easily and give you the courage to move on. Ⅳ.完成句子 1．Getting up early is good for our health. 早起对我们身体有好处。 2．This is the very book that I am looking for． 这正是我要找的那本书。 3．Those who survived the floods could hardly believe what had happened． 那些在洪水中幸存下来的人很难相信所发生的事情。 4．We're talking about the piano and the pianist(that)we saw last night． 我们正在讨论昨晚见到的钢琴和钢琴家。 5．Everything that should be done has been done. 应当做的事情都已经做了。 Ⅴ.语段填空(用适当的关系代词完成下列语篇) Do you know the man 1.who/that wrote this book? He was a well­known man 2.whose name was Jason, one of the engineers 3.who/that came from Russia in the 1950s. He worked in the same factory in 4.which my father once worked．When he came to China, the first thing 5.that he did was to visit the factory 6.that/which did research on trolley buses and found out the reason for 7.which China was so backward in.Then he spent every minute 8.that he could spare to help China develop transportation. As is mentioned above, Jason was a foreigner 9.who/that made great contributions to our country and was a kind man to 10.whom we should say thanks. [能力提升题] Ⅰ.阅读理解 (河南顶尖计划联盟高一期中) Workers continue to search the ruins of a large earthquake that hit Morocco Friday. Officials say almost 2, 500 were killed in the quake, but that they expect that number will rise. The United Nations said the magnitude 6.8 earthquake affected 300，000 people. The damage(损失)was great because the starting point of the shaking was not far below the ground． It is the strongest quake to hit the North African nation since 1900. And, it is reported to be the country's deadliest since 1960, when at least 12，000 people were killed in and near the city of Agadir. So far, Morocco has accepted support from four countries—Spain, Qatar, Great Britain and the United Arab Emirates. Other nations have offered help as well. Groups from the Moroccan army left Monday from Amizmiz to move into the small mountain villages. Heavy equipment was sent to clear the roads and both visitors and local people lined up to give blood． Many people continued to sleep outside, fearing smaller earthquakes that often follow a major one. In the village of Imgdal, women and children gathered outside and some kept warm around an open fire on Monday morning. On a road near the town of Adassil, near the epicenter(震中), one rescue(救援)worker, Ayman Koait, was trying to clear the rocks that were restraining trucks from getting by. He said other roads were in bad shape. “We're trying to open them, too，” said Ayman Koait. People said they dug through the ruins of their homes looking for relatives. They also moved rocks and walls looking for important items. Many of the homes are made from wood, rock and mud, which made them fall easily when the ground started shaking. One military(军方的)worker said “it is difficult to pull people out alive” because the walls turned into ruins and did not leave any space for air. [语篇导读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了摩洛哥星期五发生大地震，大约有2500人在地震中丧生，救援人员在废墟中搜救被困人员，帮助摩洛哥地震灾民。 1．Why was the earthquake so serious? A．It happened close to the ground． B．It broke out at midnight. C．Rescue was not timely enough. D．There was no proper protection. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“The damage(损失)was great because the starting point of the shaking was not far below the ground．(破坏是巨大的，因为震源离地面不远。)”可知，地震严重是因为震源靠近地面。故选A。 答案　A 2．Why did the local people keep staying outside after the earthquake? A．To receive supplies. B．To get ready for leaving for other towns. C．To avoid possible following ones. D．To keep themselves warm around open fires. 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段“Many people continued to sleep outside, fearing smaller earthquakes that often follow a major one.(许多人继续睡在外面，担心大地震之后会发生小地震。)”可知，地震后许多当地人继续睡在外面是为了避免之后可能会发生的小地震。故选C。 答案　C 3．What does the underlined word “restraining” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Guiding.　　　　　 B．Preventing. C．Repairing. D．Supporting. 解析　词句猜测题。根据“On a road near the town of Adassil, near the epicenter(震中), one rescue(救援)worker, Ayman Koait, was trying to clear the rocks(在靠近震中的Adassil镇附近的一条路上，救援人员Ayman Koait正试图清理岩石)”和“trucks from getting by(以防卡车通行)”可知，地震救援人员清理岩石的目的应该是让卡车可以通过道路。由此推知，这些岩石目前阻碍了卡车通行，restraining的意思应该是“阻碍”。故选B。 答案　B 4．Why did the military worker think the rescue was almost hopeless? A．The villages are out of reach. B．The roads were badly damaged． C．The damaged areas are too close to the epicenter. D．The special houses made it hard for people to be alive. 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Many of the homes are made from wood, rock and mud, which made them fall easily when the ground started shaking. One military(军方的)worker said ‘it is difficult to pull people out alive’ because the walls turned into ruins and did not leave any space for air.(许多房屋是用木头、岩石和泥土建造的，这使得它们在地面开始震动时很容易倒塌。一名军方工作人员说，“很难把人活着救出来”，因为墙壁变成了废墟，没有给空气流通留下任何空间。)”可知，军方工作人员认为救援无望是因为特殊的房屋构造让人们很难存活下来。故选D。 答案　D Ⅱ.完形填空 It was around 3 p．m.I was lined up at the train ticket counter to reserve a trip to Nagoya to 1 some photos for a magazine called “Today Fashion”. It was then that I felt the ground moving slightly like a subway shooting through a tunnel far beneath my feet. It was so mild that I 2 it, as did everyone around me. Seconds later, a(n) 3 shake occurred．Things started falling over to the ground, and signs hanging from the ceiling began swinging violently. An elderly man next to me smiled at me 4 and just said one word, “Earthquake.” I 5 for the door, about 60 feet away. The ground was shaking so violently that it was 6 to run in a straight line. My heart was still pounding so wildly 7 . I reached the street. I longed to get as far away from these buildings as possible, but in Tokyo, finding any truly open space is actually 8 . Ultimately, I stood in a 9 for a good two hours as did most everyone else. During this time, the ground of the spacious park continued to 10 less violently. I would 11 later that afternoon that the quake was a magnitude 8.9, the strongest earthquake in recorded history. There were a few women 12 with people pointing up at the buildings as they shook, 13 many others appeared calm and relaxed．Even though I have witnessed many big events in the world, I really 14 Japanese for their calmness and timely 15 ． [语篇导读]　本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在日本遇到一次地震的经历，并十分佩服日本人的冷静和及时的反应。 1．A．shoot B．recommend C．post D．appreciate 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：我在火车站售票处排着队，预订去名古屋的旅行，为一本名为《今日时尚》的杂志拍摄一些照片。A．shoot(拍摄)；B．recommend(推荐)；C．post(邮寄)；D．appreciate(欣赏)。根据“some photos for a magazine”可知，作者要为杂志拍摄照片。故选A。 答案　A 2．A．ignored B．noticed C．missed D．felt 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：它是如此的温和，我忽略了它，就像我周围的人一样。A．ignored(忽视)；B．noticed(注意到)；C．missed(错过)；D．felt(感觉)。根据“It was so mild”可知，脚下的运动很轻微，作者忽视了第一次地震。故选A。 答案　A 3．A．mild B．violent C．forecast D．anticipated 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：几秒钟后，发生了一次剧烈的震动。A．mild(温和的)；B．violent(剧烈的)；C．forecast(预报的)；D．anticipated(受期盼的)。根据下文“Things started falling over to the ground, and signs hanging from the ceiling began swinging violently.”可知，不久后，就发生了剧烈的震动。故选B。 答案　B 4．A．nervously B．calmly C．broadly D．delightfully 解析　考查副词辨析。句意：我旁边的一位老人平静地对我笑了笑，只说了一个词：“地震。”A．nervously(紧张地)；B．calmly(平静地)；C．broadly(广泛地)；D．delightfully(快乐地)。根据“smiled at me”可知，尽管遇到地震，但是身边的日本老人却十分平静并微笑着告诉作者地震了。故选B。 答案　B 5．A．reached B．made C．looked D．rushed 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：我向大约60英尺外的门冲去。A．reached(到达)；B．made(使成为)；C．looked(看)；D．rushed(冲)。根据“for the door, about 60 feet away”及下文“My heart was still pounding so wildly”可知，作者遇到地震很慌张，赶紧冲了出去。故选D。 答案　D 6．A．compulsory B．effortless C．challenging D．entertaining 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：地面摇晃得如此剧烈，以至于很难跑出一条直线。A．compulsory(义务的)；B．effortless(不需费力的)；C．challenging(有挑战的)；D．entertaining(令人愉快的)。根据“The ground was shaking so violently”可知，地面剧烈摇晃，作者跑出直线是有挑战性的。故选C。 答案　C 7．A．unless B．if C．though D．once 解析　考查连词、副词辨析。句意：不过，我的心还在狂跳。A．unless(除非)；B．if(如果)；C．though(不过)；D．once(一旦)。根据“My heart was still pounding so wildly”可知，作者跑了出去，但是心脏在狂跳，此处表示补充说明，放于句末，语气变弱。故选C。 答案　C 8．A．undoubted B．impossible C．easy D．available 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：我渴望离这些建筑越远越好，但在东京，找到任何真正的空旷的场地实际上是不可能的。A．undoubted(无疑的)；B．impossible(不可能的)；C．easy(容易的)；D．available(可用的)。根据句意可知，在东京，建筑物很密集，找到空旷的场地是不可能的。故选B。 答案　B 9．A．park B．building C．subway D．train 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：最后，我和大多数人一样，在公园里站了整整两个小时。A．park(公园)；B．building(建筑物)；C．subway(地铁)；D．train(火车)。根据下文“the spacious park”可知，作者来到了一个公园。故选A。 答案　A 10．A．change B．crack C．fall D．shake 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：在这段时间里，这个宽敞的公园的地面继续摇晃得不那么剧烈了。A．change(改变)；B．crack(裂开)；C．fall(掉落)；D．shake(摇晃)。根据上文“The ground was shaking so violently”可知，此处公园的地面持续摇晃，但是不那么剧烈了。故选D。 答案　D 11．A．put forward B．put down C．figure out D．make out 解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意：那天下午晚些时候，我才知道这次地震的震级是8.9级，是有记录以来最强的地震。A．put forward(提出)；B．put down(放下)；C．figure out(搞清楚)；D．make out(辨别出)。根据“the quake was a magnitude 8.9”可知，作者后来才搞清楚，那天的地震8.9级。故选C。 答案　C 12．A．laughing B．crying C．escaping D．surviving 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：有几个女人在哭泣，人们指着摇晃的建筑物，但其他人看起来很平静，很放松。A．laughing(大笑)；B．crying(哭)；C．escaping(逃脱)；D．surviving(幸存)。根据“many others appeared calm and relaxed”可知，对比冷静的人，有几个女人在哭泣。故选B。 答案　B 13．A．yet B．and C．hence D．so 解析　考查连词、副词辨析。句意：有几个女人在哭泣，人们指着摇晃的建筑物，但其他人看起来很平静，很放松。A．yet(然而)；B．and(并且)；C．hence(因此)；D．so(所以)。根据“There were a few women”及“many others appeared calm and relaxed”可知，空处前后为转折关系。故选A。 答案　A 14．A．covered B．adored C．thanked D．admired 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：虽然我目睹了世界上许多重大事件，但我真的很钦佩日本人的冷静和及时的反应。A．covered(报道)；B．adored(喜爱)；C．thanked(感谢)；D．admired(钦佩)。根据“for their calmness”可知，作者在这次经历中十分钦佩日本人的冷静。故选D。 答案　D 15．A．disaster B．reaction C．rescue D．assistance 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：虽然我目睹了世界上许多重大事件，但我真的很钦佩日本人的冷静和及时的反应。A．disaster(灾难)；B．reaction(反应)；C．rescue(救援)；D．assistance(援助)。根据上文“many others appeared calm and relaxed”可知，对于地震，日本人能作出及时的反应。故选B。 答案　B Ⅲ.语法填空 Lightning is very common but one of the most powerful weather forces to hit the earth. 1. (actual), every second about 100 lightning strikes hit 2. surface of the earth. In some parts of the world, for example in India, summer lightning storms are very common. With the rainy season 3. (begin)there, storms often cover most of the country's northern area．Last week in June, the Reuters news agency 4. (report)lightning strikes killed more than 100 people in two areas of India． If you are outside, 5. (expert)say you should take cover, 6. means finding a safe shelter for protection. During a lightning storm, no place outside is safe. If you hear thunder, lightning is close enough to hit you. Most lightning victims(受害者)are in open areas or near a tree. If you are 7. (indoor)during a lightning storm, you could still be 8. danger. Stay off wired phones, computers and other 9. (equip)that can put you in direct contact with electricity. Avoid any areas with running water and stay away from windows and doors. Specialists at the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention say that helping lightning strike victims can save their lives. It is safe 10. (touch)a lightning strike victim. People struck by lightning do not carry a charge. [语篇导读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雷击这种自然现象，是袭击地球最强大的天气力量之一。作者还介绍了正确应对雷雨天气的一些办法。 1．解析　考查副词。句意：事实上，每秒钟大约有100次闪电击中地球表面。修饰后文整个句子应用副词actually, 句首单词首字母要大写。故填Actually。 答案　Actually 2．解析　考查冠词。句意：事实上，每秒钟大约有100次闪电击中地球表面。此处特指“地球的表面”应用定冠词。故填the。 答案　the 3．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：随着雨季的开始，暴雨经常覆盖该国北部大部分地区。此处为with的复合结构“with＋宾语＋宾补”，且the rainy season与begin构成主动关系，应用现在分词。故填beginning。 答案　beginning 4．解析　考查时态。句意：路透社报道，在6月最后一周，印度的两个地区雷击造成100多人死亡。report在句中作谓语，结合上文“Last week in June”可知应用一般过去时。故填reported。 答案　reported 5．解析　考查名词。句意：如果你在室外，专家说你应该找个隐蔽的地方，也就是说找一个安全的地方来保护自己。expert为可数名词，根据后文say为动词原形，可知主语为复数。故填experts。 答案　experts 6．解析　考查定语从句。句意：如果你在室外，专家说你应该找个隐蔽的地方，也就是说找一个安全的地方来保护自己。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰“you should take cover”，且从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。 答案　which 7．解析　考查副词。句意：雷雨期间，如果你在室内，你仍可能处于危险之中。此处与上一段中“If you are outside”形成对比，因此需用表地点的副词indoors, 表示“在室内”。故填indoors。 答案　indoors 8．解析　考查介词。句意：雷雨期间，如果你在室内，你仍可能处于危险之中。be in danger处于危险之中。故填in。 答案　in 9．解析　考查名词。句意：远离有线电话、电脑和其他能让你直接接触电的设备。此处作介词off的宾语，应用名词equipment, 且equipment是不可数名词。故填equipment。 答案　equipment 10．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：触碰遭雷击的受害者是安全的。此处为“it be＋adj.＋不定式短语”结构，句中的it是形式主语，因此此处用不定式作真正的主语。故填to touch。 答案　to touch 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$