UNIT 2 Grammar——动词-ing形式作宾语和动词不定式作宾语（Word教参）-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册同步练测（外研版2019）

Grammar——动词­ing形式作宾语和动词不定式作宾语 [对应学生用书第33页] 用动词­ing形式或动词不定式完成下面教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征 1．(教材P18)These are the words that every writer dreads receiving(receive), but words every writer knows well. 2．(教材P19)J.D．Salinger started writing(write)short stories in high school, but later struggled to get(get)his works published． 3．(教材P19)Despite rejections from several publishers, J．D．Salinger refused to give(give)up. 4．(教材P19)When it was eventually published, the book became an immediate best­seller and went on to sell(sell)millions and millions of copies. 5．(教材P20)Perhaps the overall prize for perseverance should go to three sisters from Victorian England who dreamt of seeing(see)their words in print. 要点一　动词­ing形式作宾语 1．在admit、avoid、consider(考虑)、enjoy、escape、excuse、finish、imagine、mind、miss、practise、suggest、delay、appreciate、risk等动词之后只能用动词­ing形式作宾语。 The student admitted being careless in doing homework. 这个学生承认做家庭作业粗心。 You can hardly avoid meeting her if both of you work in the same office. 如果你们两个人在同一间办公室工作， 你就免不了会遇见她。 He got well­prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity. 他为这次面试做了充分的准备， 因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。 2．在allow、advise、forbid、permit后直接跟动名词作宾语， 如果有名词或代词作宾语， 则构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit＋名词/代词＋不定式(宾语补足语)”形式。 Our teacher does not allow cheating to go unpunished． 我们的老师不允许作弊行为不受到惩罚。 He did not allow himself to be too upset by the news. 他没有因听到这个消息而使自己过于烦恼。 3．在动词短语give up、feel like、put off、object to(反对)、look forward to、devote…to、can't help(禁不住)、can't bear/stand、lead to、insist on、be fond of、dream of等之后用动词­ing形式作宾语。 Do you feel like taking a walk after supper? 晚饭后你想去散步吗？ He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind． 他把一生都献给了造福人类(的事业)。 He insisted on doing it in his own way. 他坚持要按照自己的方法做。 [对点训练1] 单句语法填空 ①I used to practise speaking(speak)English every morning at university. ②The boy was lucky to escape being punished(punish)for breaking the window. ③We don't allow diving(dive)in the pool with no teachers around． ④She feels like going(go)abroad for further education next year. 4．在以下结构中， 动词­ing形式作介词的宾语， 介词常省略。 spend…(in)doing…(花费……做某事)、have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.(做……有困难/麻烦)、stop/prevent…(from)doing(阻止……做某事)、waste time(in)doing(浪费时间做某事)、be busy(in)doing sth.(忙于做某事)、have a good/hard time(in)doing sth.(高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事)、There is no point(in)doing sth.(做某事毫无意义)等。 He is always busy working every day, which has made him have little time to play with his child． 他每天总是忙于工作， 这让他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。 If we have difficulty in understanding, we can go and ask him. 如果我们理解有困难， 我们可以去问他。 [对点训练2] 单句语法填空 ①I had no difficulty in making(make)myself understood． ②She likes spending much money buying(buy)clothes for herself. ③Depending on their rich experience, the firemen prevented the fire spreading(spread) eventually. 要点二　动词不定式作宾语 1．不定式作宾语时， 往往跟在某些及物动词后面， 常见的有：agree(同意)、offer(提出)、intend/plan(打算， 计划)、demand(要求)、promise(答应)、help(帮忙)、prepare(准备)、decide(决定)、refuse(拒绝)、choose(选择)、wish/hope/want/expect(希望， 想要)、fail(不能)、pretend(假装)、manage(设法)、determine(决心)、beg(恳求， 祈求)、arrange(安排， 准备)、threaten(威胁)、claim(声称)、aim(以……为目标)、hesitate(犹豫不决)等。 At last I managed to carry all those large boxes upstairs. 最后我总算把那些大箱子都搬上了楼。 He failed to paste the poster on the wall. 他没能把海报贴到墙上。 [对点训练3] 单句语法填空 ①Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required to process(process)the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. ②We must manage to realize(realize)our dreams. ③All the students wish to go(go)to college. ④His father decided to give(give)him some help. 2．“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语 “疑问词(who、which、when、where、how、what等)＋不定式”结构在句中起名词作用， 可充当主语、表语、宾语。下列动词可接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语： teach、remember、forget、decide、wonder、show、learn、consider、know等。 He taught me how to cook. 他教我如何做饭。 Have you decided where to spend your holiday? 你决定去哪儿度假了吗？ 3．it可以充当形式宾语， 指代真正的宾语用不定式， 可以用于该句型的动词有： consider、make、feel、find、think等。 He feels it his duty to help others. 他觉得帮助别人是他的职责。 He found it hard to learn maths well. 他发现学好数学很难。 要点三　动词­ing形式作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的用法区别 1．某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词­ing作宾语。 (1)动词begin、start、continue等既可跟不定式， 又可跟动词­ing作宾语， 意义基本相同。 They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest. 休息了一会后， 他们继续讨论这项计划。 (2)动词love、like、hate等后可跟动词­ing和不定式作宾语， 但接动词­ing表示经常性的情况， 接不定式表示具体的动作。 I love walking with my friend on a sunny day.(习惯) 我喜欢和朋友在一个阳光明媚的日子里散步。 It is a pleasant day today, so I love to have a walk with my friend．(具体) 今天是个令人愉快的日子， 所以我想和朋友一起散散步。 (3)一些动词后既可跟动词­ing作宾语， 又可跟不定式作宾语， 但意义有很大差别。 They didn't mean to go to England for further study. 他们并不打算去英国深造。 His words meant going to help you without delay. 他的话意味着他将毫不拖延地前去帮助你们。 [名师点津] go on doing sth.　　　　 继续做同一件事 go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 try doing sth. 试着做某事 try to do sth. 努力做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事 regret to do sth. 很遗憾要做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 [对点训练4] 翻译句子 ①不要忘了给你母亲写信。 Don't forget to write to your mother. ②我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。 I shall never forget seeing the famous writer. ③我真后悔错过了那次报告会。 I really regret missing the report. ④我遗憾地告诉你我不能采纳你的建议。 I regret to tell you I can't adopt your advice. 2．动词 need、require、want、deserve后用动词­ing形式表示被动意义， 相当于不定式的被动形式， 即need/require/want/deserve doing＝need/require/want/deserve to be done。 The problem requires dealing with/to be dealt with immediately. 这个问题要马上处理。 The building wants rewiring/to be rewired． 这座楼房需要重新安装电线。 [对点训练5] 一句多译 ①这个问题值得讨论。 A．The question deserved discussing． B．The question deserved to be discussed． ②这个窗户需要清扫了。 A．The window needs/requires/wants cleaning． B．The window needs/requires/wants to be cleaned． Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The foreign friends are looking forward to being shown(show)around our school. 2．The thief ran away quickly to avoid being caught (catch)by the policeman. 3．I regret to tell(tell)you that Tom regretted making(make)friends with you. 4．He has promised to behave(behave)better from now on. 5．The boy attempted to move(move)the boat all by himself, but failed． 6．As a result of the serious flood, two thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing/to be repaired(repair). 7．The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other. 8．The teacher suggested doing(do)the experiment in another way. 9．My dad loves visiting friends on weekends, but he doesn't love to visit them this weekend．(visit) 10．My grandfather always forgets to take the keys but he always says that he remembers taking them.(take) Ⅱ.完成句子 1．He has got used to living in the countryside． 他已经习惯住在乡下了。 2．When you get into trouble, don't hesitate to ask me for help． 当你陷入困境时不要犹豫向我求助。 3．The employer promised to settle the problem as soon as possible． 雇主承诺尽快解决这个问题。 4．Can you tell me how to get to the station? 你可以告诉我怎么去车站吗？ 5．I regretted seeing the film last night, for it was so boring. 我后悔昨晚看了那部电影， 因为它非常乏味。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$