UNIT 5 Section Ⅱ Using language（Word练习）-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册同步练测（外研版2019）

[对应素能提升训练第53页] [基础语用题] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．A goat(山羊)was standing up against a tree on its hind legs, trying to get at the leaves. 2．Air pollution is declining(减少)in Mexico City and in some Chinese cities. 3．He is interested in the tools some primitive(原始的)people used． 4．Some people blame(责怪)bats for the virus this time. 5．The event will be relayed to a giant(巨大的)TV screen a mile away. Ⅱ.短语填空 in the end；in particular；by contrast；be native to；carry out 1．By contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy working here. 2．With your permission, I will carry out the project as soon as possible. 3．In the end they decided to take turns to do the housework. 4．As is known to all, the African elephant is native to Africa． 5．I noticed his eyes in particular because they are very small and bright. Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1．Who is to blame(blame)for the great loss this time? 2．To my disappointment, he declined to offer(offer)me some advice. 3．A giant tail is one of the animal's characteristics(characteristic). 4．It is said that this kind of plant is native to Italy. 5．It was the first time that Jane had visited(visit)the Great Wall, so she felt very excited． Ⅳ.完成句子 1．Today's homework was easy to do, so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play. 今天的作业容易做， 因此迈克很快完成作业出去玩了。 2．He explained the grammar so clearly that I could understand it. 他把语法解释得如此清晰以至于我都能听得懂。 3．There is evidence that a small amount of alcohol is good for health. 有证据显示， 少量饮酒有益健康。 4．He said that he had visited the place twice already． 他说这个地方他已经参观过两次了。 5．Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 当他到达晚会时， 大多数客人已经离开了。 Ⅴ.语段填空(用所给动词的适当形式完成下列语篇) Oprah Winfrey is a talk show host, actress and television producer.Thanks to her talent and great effort, she 1.had become(become)a millionaire by the time she was in her thirties.She 2.has appeared(appear)in many films until now.By 2000, with a net worth of $800 million, Winfrey 3.had been regarded(regard)as the richest African American of the 20th century.In addition to her success in work, Oprah also 4.made(make)a personal change.She used to have a weight problem.But in 1995, a new Oprah was seen by the audience.She 5.had lost(lose)almost 90 pounds through dieting and exercising.When asked about the key to success, she said, “It's great determination and hard work.” [能力提升题] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Tall, long­necked giraffes are famous for their spots which are believed to help the animals hide from their enemies. Just like no two humans have the same fingerprints, each giraffe has its own special pattern of spots. However, a Tennessee zoo made headlines recently after it welcomed one of the world's most uncommon giraffes. On July 31, a baby giraffe was born at Brights Zoo with light brown fur which is a reticulated(网纹的) giraffe, one of the four different kinds of giraffes. Unlike most giraffes, she was born without spots, a unique feature of the reticulated giraffe. At six feet tall, this baby giraffe is growing well under her mother's care. She shows typical baby giraffe behavior, such as eating rocks. Experts said the young giraffe was the only single­colored reticulated giraffe living anywhere on the planet. The last time this happened was 1972 in Japan. A giraffe's pattern of spots is created when the animal is still growing inside its mother. That means that this giraffe will never have spots. “The new giraffe might not have survived if she had been born in the wild． Being single­colored, she may not be able to hide quite as well，” said Mr.David Bright, who runs the zoo, “It will easily be a key target for poachers(偷猎者)because she's so unusual.” Brights Zoo stressed that reticulated giraffes had already become imperiled． In 2018, they were officially listed as “threatened”. Thirty­five years ago, there were 36，000 reticulated giraffes. Now, the number has been cut by more than 50%. Only about 16，000 reticulated giraffes remain. This brown giraffe's birth is not only a rare and fascinating event, but also an opportunity to raise awareness about the challenges faced by giraffes in the wild． By supporting efforts like this, we can contribute to the conservation of these large creatures and ensure their survival for generations to come. [语篇导读]　 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了田纳西州的一家动物园出生了一只没有斑点的长颈鹿， 解释了斑点对于长颈鹿的作用以及这只小长颈鹿出生的意义。 1．What do we know about the spots of giraffes? A．They help protect giraffes. B．They are the same pattern. C．They look like giraffes' footprints. D．They appear on giraffes occasionally. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“Tall, long­necked giraffes are famous for their spots which are believed to help the animals hide from their enemies.(高大、长脖子的长颈鹿以其斑点而闻名， 人们认为这些斑点可以帮助它们躲避敌人。)”可知， 长颈鹿的斑点有助于保护长颈鹿。故选A。 答案　A 2．What makes the young giraffe born at Brights Zoo special? A．Its extremely large size. B．Its light brown fur. C．Its unusual eating habit. D．Its absence of spots. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike most giraffes, she was born without spots, a unique feature of the reticulated giraffe.(与大多数长颈鹿不同， 她出生时没有斑点。斑点是网纹长颈鹿的一个独特特征。)”可知， 在布莱特动物园出生的小长颈鹿的特别之处是没有斑点。故选D。 答案　D 3．What does the underlined word “imperiled” mean in paragraph 5? A．Recognized．　　　　 B． Endangered． C．Doubled． D．Balanced． 解析　词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“In 2018, they were officially listed as ‘threatened’. Thirty­five years ago, there were 36，000 reticulated giraffes. Now, the number has been cut by more than 50%. Only about 16，000 reticulated giraffes remain.(2018年， 它们被正式列为“受威胁”。35年前， 有36 000只网纹长颈鹿。现在， 这个数字已经减少了50%以上。目前只剩下大约16 000只网纹长颈鹿。)”可知， 网纹长颈鹿剩的数量不多了， 说明濒临灭绝了。故选B。 答案　B 4．Which word can best describe the birth of the young giraffe? A．Awkward． B．Worrying. C．Meaningful. D．Foreseeable. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“This brown giraffe's birth is not only a rare and fascinating event, but also an opportunity to raise awareness about the challenges faced by giraffes in the wild． By supporting efforts like this, we can contribute to the conservation of these large creatures and ensure their survival for generations to come.(这只棕色长颈鹿的出生不仅是一个罕见而迷人的事件， 也是一个提高人们对野生长颈鹿面临的挑战的认识的机会。通过支持这样的努力， 我们可以为保护这些大型生物做出贡献， 并确保它们的子孙后代得以生存。)”可知， 小长颈鹿的诞生是有意义的。故选C。 答案　C B (湖北鄂东南教育教学改革联盟学校高二期中) A “superhero” moss can significantly reduce the risk and severity of flooding for communities living in downstream areas, researchers have found． Scientists from the conservation group Moors for the Future Partnership who conducted a six­year study into sphagnum moss(泥炭藓)found that planting it in upland areas could dramatically slow the rate at which water runs off the hillsides, preventing river catchments(集水处)being overwhelmed with water downstream. The research found that the sphagnum moss reduced peak streamflow—the maximum amount of water that enters a river after a storm—by 65%. The moss was also found to increase lag time—the time taken between rainfall and the rainwater entering the river system—by 680%. More than 50，000 individual sphagnum plants—which are about the size of a 50p coin—were planted on Kinder Scout, the highest point in the Peak District national park, as part of an “outdoor laboratory” for researchers to observe. Before the moss was planted on Kinder, the hill surface consisted of bare peat, which meant that after a storm rainwater would wash straight off, leaving communities in downstream valleys more vulnerable to flooding. The planting of sphagnum moss could therefore bring important ecological benefits. The plant is capable of absorbing up to 20 times its own weight in water, which means that more rainwater can be held upstream and enter a river catchment more gradually to prevent it from being overwhelmed．Sphagnum moss can also help protect the layers of peat underneath it, and can accumulate over time to create new layers of peat which are essential to carbon storage. Tom Spencer, a research and monitoring officer for the Moors for the Future Partnership hailed the dramatic effects the moss has had on the river catchment. He said sphagnum planting could be “a powerful tool in minimising the risk and severity of flooding”， which would have “far­reaching benefits for communities downstream”． [语篇导读]　 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员发现一种名为泥炭藓的植物可以显著降低下游地区社区遭受洪水的风险和严重程度， 解释了这种苔藓是如何发挥作用以及人们对此的看法。 5．What can be inferred from paragraph 1? A．River catchments need to be expanded． B．Sphagnum moss can ease the impact of flood． C．More trees should be planted to prevent flood． D．Upland areas are not safe to live in during flood． 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“A ‘superhero’ moss can significantly reduce the risk and severity of flooding for communities living in downstream areas, researchers have found．(研究人员发现， 一种“超级英雄”苔藓可以显著降低下游地区社区遭受洪水的风险和严重程度。)”可知， 泥炭藓可以缓解洪水的影响。故选B。 答案　B 6．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Impressive functions of sphagnum moss. B．Serious problems caused by rainwater. C．Suggested ways to plant sphagnum moss. D．Future possibilities of sphagnum moss. 解析　主旨大意题。根据第五段“The planting of sphagnum moss could therefore bring important ecological benefits. The plant is capable of absorbing up to 20 times its own weight in water, which means that more rainwater can be held upstream and enter a river catchment more gradually to prevent it from being overwhelmed． Sphagnum moss can also help protect the layers of peat underneath it, and can accumulate over time to create new layers of peat which are essential to carbon storage.(因此， 种植藓类植物可以带来重要的生态效益。该植物吸收高达自身重量20倍的水， 这意味着更多的雨水可以储存在上游， 并以更慢的速度进入河流集水区， 以防止它被淹没。泥炭藓也可以帮助保护它下面的泥炭层， 并且随着时间的推移可以积累形成新的泥炭层， 这对碳储存至关重要。)”可知， 第五段的主要内容是令人印象深刻的泥炭藓功能。故选A。 答案　A 7．What does the underlined word “hailed” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Spoke highly of. B．Lost sight of. C．Paid attention to. D．Made remarks on. 解析　词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“He said sphagnum planting could be ‘a powerful tool in minimising the risk and severity of flooding’， which would have ‘far­reaching benefits for communities downstream’．(他说， 种植泥炭藓可能是“将洪水风险和严重程度降至最低的有力工具”， 这将“对下游社区产生深远的好处”。)”可知， Tom Spencer对苔藓对河流集水区产生的巨大影响表示赞赏。故选A。 答案　A 8．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To explain the real causes of flood． B．To share a way of planting sphagnum moss. C．To stress the flood risks of some communities. D．To introduce the ecological benefits of a plant. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“A ‘superhero’ moss can significantly reduce the risk and severity of flooding for communities living in downstream areas, researchers have found．”以及倒数第二段“The planting of sphagnum moss could therefore bring important ecological benefits.”结合文章主要内容可知， 作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一种植物的生态效益。故选D。 答案　D Ⅱ.完形填空 My real research started at the New York Botanical Garden. I met a person who is a paleobotanist(古植物学家), which means that he 1 prehistoric plants. My novel Big Tree centers on Merwin and Louise, two little Sycamore 2 that began life during the Cretaceous Period． Sycamore trees are called fossil species, which means they have been 3 since the time of the dinosaurs. They are 4 to modern trees we see in forests today. The Sycamore tree also makes those kind of seed balls, a little bit like a nursery(托儿所), like all these 5 in there together. In most of my stories I write about children who get 6 from their parents and find their way in the world． That's kind of what Sycamore seeds and other seeds do. They must 7 the plant that made them and go find a place to 8 . It was fun trying to 9 all the different places these two little seeds could go. I wanted them to go underwater. Drawing pictures underwater is so hard． 10 the whole scene with King Seaweed was really fun. What surprised me the most was the idea that 11 are really communities. Trees communicate with each other with a mycelial(菌丝)system under the ground that 12 everything. It felt like there were interesting parallels(相似之处)with us, because we also live in 13 ， and we try to help each other. However, there are sometimes 14 from outside, and we have to find out ways to 15 . Plants are doing the same thing. [语篇导读]　 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者用两颗小梧桐树的种子作为自己故事的主角， 想象这两颗小种子可能去的所有不同的地方， 并联想到人类和植物类似， 也生活在社区， 也在遇到困难的时候设法活下来。 1．A．cooks B．studies C．plants D．keeps 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：我遇到一个人， 他是古植物学家， 这意味着他研究史前植物。A．cooks(烹饪)；B．studies(研究)；C．plants(种植)；D．keeps(保持)。根据“a person who is a paleobotanist”可知， 古植物学家即研究史前植物的人。故选B。 答案　B 2．A．animals B．children C．birds D．seeds 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：我的小说以默文和露易丝为中心， 它们是两颗小梧桐树的种子， 生活在白垩纪时期。A．animals(动物)；B．children(孩子)；C．birds(鸟)；D．seeds(种子)。呼应后文“these two little seeds could go”可知， 默文和露易丝是两颗种子。故选D。 答案　D 3．A．alone B．away C．around D．abroad 解析　考查副词辨析。句意：梧桐树被称为化石物种， 这意味着它们从恐龙时代就存在了。A．alone(独自)；B．away(远离)；C．around(在周围)；D．abroad(在国外)。根据“Sycamore trees are called fossil species”可知， 梧桐树是化石物种， 它们从恐龙时代就存在了， 短语be around表示“存在”。故选C。 答案　C 4．A．familiar B．junior C．unnecessary D．typical 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：它们和我们今天在森林里看到的现代树木很相似。A．familiar(熟悉的)；B．junior(年龄较小的)；C．unnecessary(不必要的)；D．typical(典型的)。根据“to modern trees we see in forests today”并结合常识可知， 远古梧桐树和现代的梧桐树相似， 即它们被现代的梧桐树所熟悉， 短语be familiar to表示“为……所熟悉”。故选A。 答案　A 5．A．teachers B．kids C．parents D．cleaners 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：梧桐树也会结出那种种子球， 有点像托儿所， 就像所有的孩子在一起。A．teachers(老师)；B．kids(孩子)；C．parents(父母)；D．cleaners(清洁工)。根据“a little bit like a nursery”把种子球比喻成托儿所， 即所有的孩子在一起。故选B。 答案　B 6．A．absent B．safe C．separate D．tired 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：在我的大部分故事里， 我写的是那些与父母分离并在这个世界上找到出路的孩子。A．absent(缺席的)；B．safe(安全的)；C．separate(分开的)；D．tired(疲惫的)。根据“find their way in the world”可知， 种子要离开大树， 在世界是找到出路。故选C。 答案　C 7．A．break away from B．go away with C．look after D．get in 解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们必须脱离制造它们的植物， 去找一个生长的地方。A．break away from(摆脱)；B．go away with(携带某物离开)；C．look after(照顾)；D．get in(进入)。根据“go find a place to”可知， 脱离制造它们的植物， 去找一个生长的地方。故选A。 答案　A 8．A．die B．learn C．sleep D．grow 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：它们必须脱离制造它们的植物， 去找一个生长的地方。A．die(死亡)；B．learn(学习)；C．sleep(睡觉)；D．grow(成长， 生长)。结合“the plant”以及常识可知， 植物需要找到生长的地方。故选D。 答案　D 9．A．search B．dig C．imagine D．remove 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：试着想象这两颗小种子可能去的所有不同的地方是很有趣的。A．search(研究)；B．dig(挖掘)；C．imagine(想象)；D．remove(去除)。根据后文“I wanted them to go underwater. Drawing pictures underwater is so hard．(我想让它们去水下。在水下画画太难了。)”可知， 此处指想象种子可能去不同的地方。故选C。 答案　C 10．A．Writing B．Enjoying C．Dreaming D．Controlling 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：写海藻王的整个场景真的很有趣。A．Writing(写)；B．Enjoying(欣赏)；C．Dreaming(梦想)；D．Controlling(控制)。呼应“I write about”可知， 此处是指写作场景。故选A。 答案　A 11．A．rivers B．forests C．oceans D．companies 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：最让我惊讶的是森林实际上是社区的想法。A．rivers(河流)；B．forests(森林)；C．oceans(海洋)；D．companies(公司)。根据“Trees”可知， 此处指的是森林是一个社区。故选B。 答案　B 12．A．expresses B．revises C．improves D．connects 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：树木通过地下的菌丝系统相互交流， 菌丝系统连接着一切。A．expresses(表达)；B．revises(修改)；C．improves(改善)；D．connects(连接)。根据“Trees communicate with each other with a mycelial system”可知， 树木之所以可以沟通是因为菌丝系统连接着一切。故选D。 答案　D 13．A．communities B．buildings C．systems D．nurseries 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：我觉得我们之间有一些有趣的相似之处， 因为我们也生活在社区里， 我们试图互相帮助。A．communities(社区)；B．buildings(建筑)；C．systems(系统)；D．nurseries(托儿所)。呼应“are really communities”， 我们和树木一样， 也生活在社区里。故选A。 答案　A 14．A．qualities B．greetings C．difficulties D．comforts 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：然而， 有时会有来自外界的困难， 我们必须找到生存的方法。A．qualities(品质)；B．greetings(问候)；C．difficulties(困难)；D．comforts(安慰)。“we have to find out ways to”提到必须找到生存的方法， 说明是遇到了困难。故选C。 答案　C 15．A．lose B．quit C．challenge D．survive 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：然而， 有时会有来自外界的困难， 我们必须找到生存的方法。A．lose(失去)；B．quit(停止)；C．challenge(挑战)；D．survive(幸存， 活下去)。根据上文可知， 我们和树木相似， 遇到困难要找到生存下来的方法。故选D。 答案　D Ⅲ.语法填空 Plant lovers believe that talking to plants helps them grow. Scientists have discovered that plants make sounds when they are 1. stress. The noises are similar to 2. human cry or scream. The scientists believe the sounds are specific enough for us to be able to understand them and to care for their 3. (need). Unfortunately, plant sounds are at too high a frequency(频率)for the human ear 4. (pick) up. Humans can only hear frequencies of up to 16 kilohertz. The scientists used special AI to detect these sounds 5. (produce)by plants that were up to 250 kilohertz. The AI also differed between different types of plant sounds. The research was conducted in a lab at Israel's Tel Aviv University. Scientists 6. (discover) that vibrations(振动)from stressed tobacco and tomato plants turned into sound waves. Lead researcher Professor Hadany said, “Each plant and each type of stress 7. (link)to a special sound．” She suggested that fields of crops could be quite 8. (noise), saying, “While unable for the human ear to hear, the sounds can be heard by bats, mice and insects.” Understanding these sounds could help us know 9. crops are in need of water, so as to water them in time. Therefore, farmers could water their crops 10. (efficient), and thus save more water. [语篇导读]　 本文是一篇说明文， 科学家研究发现：当植物受到压力时， 会发出声音。这个发现有助于帮助植物生长。 1．解析　考查介词。句意：科学家们发现植物在压力下会发出声音。under stress意为“在压力之下， 受到压力”。故填under。 答案　under 2．解析　考查冠词。句意：这种声音类似于人类的哭泣或尖叫。“human cry or scream”是可数名词单数， 前面需用不定冠词， human是辅音音素开头的单词， 所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 答案　a 3．解析　考查名词复数。句意：科学家们认为， 这些声音足够具体， 我们能够理解它们， 并照顾它们的需求。need意为“需要”， 是可数名词。根据前面的their可知， 应用复数形式。故填needs。 答案　needs 4．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：不幸的是， 植物的声音频率太高， 人耳听不到。根据“at too high a frequency(频率)for the human ear”可知， 空格处为不定式形式。too…to…意为“太……而不能……”。故填to pick。 答案　to pick 5．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们使用特殊的人工智能来探测这些由植物发出的高达250千赫兹的声音。分析句子结构可知， produce与these sounds构成被动关系， 用过去分词作定语。故填produced。 答案　produced 6．解析　考查时态。句意：科学家们发现， 受到压力的烟草和番茄植株产生的振动会转化为声波。根据上文“The research was conducted in a lab at Israel's Tel Aviv University.”可知， 空格处用一般过去时。故填discovered。 答案　discovered 7．解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：每种植物和每种类型的压力都与一种特殊的声音有关。根据下文“While unable for the human ear to hear, the sounds can be heard by bats, mice and insects.”可知， 空格处用一般现在时， 主语为Each plant and each type of stress, 谓语用单数。故填is linked。 答案　is linked 8．解析　考查形容词。句意：她说， 农田里的农作物可能会很吵， “人耳听不到， 但蝙蝠、老鼠和昆虫都能听到。”作表语， 应用形容词noisy。故填noisy。 答案　noisy 9．解析　考查名词性从句。句意：了解这些声音可以帮助我们知道庄稼什么时候或是否需要水， 以便及时浇水。引导宾语从句， 从句不缺少成分， 根据语境可知， 听懂植物发出的声音有助于我们知道庄稼什么时候或是否需要水。故填when/if/whether。 答案　when/if/whether 10．解析　考查副词。句意：因此， 农民可以有效地灌溉他们的作物， 从而节省更多的水。修饰动词water应用副词作状语。故填efficiently。 答案　efficiently 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$