UNIT 5 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas（Word练习）-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册同步练测（外研版2019）

[对应素能提升训练第49页] [基础语用题] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The girl entered the library and took out several samples(样本)and placed them on the desk. 2．I planted some seeds(种子)in the yard, but they failed to come up. 3．It is said that their ancestors(祖先)came to America from India． 4．In the course of evolution(进化), some birds have lost the power of flight. 5．They are discussing a project which is likely to generate(产生)profits. Ⅱ.短语填空 date back to；answer the call；be crowded with；adapt to；begin with 1．Only in this way can we adapt to the society quickly after we graduate. 2．My family has a vase, which is said to date back to the Ming Dynasty. 3．The small shop is crowded with customers when the holiday arrives. 4．As a saying goes, a journey of a thousand miles begins with the first step. 5．It is said that the young man answering the call is from a rich family. Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1．During the first week, do not think about distance(distant), but run five minutes longer each day. 2．The man suspected(suspect)of stealing the money was taken to the police. 3．The three generations(generate)are all fond of the old singer. 4．It seems obvious that evolution(evolve)should select for larger brains. 5．Li Lei thinks it is a disgrace for him to lie to his parents. Ⅳ.完成句子 1．As far as I know, he was the first man to pass the driving test． 据我所知， 他是第一个通过驾考的人。 2．I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left． 我非常紧张， 几乎不知道哪个方向是左边。 3．It was the kind captain that/who gave the young man such a precious opportunity． 是那位善良的船长给了这个年轻人这样一个珍贵的机会。 4．We should seize every chance to improve our English． 我们应该抓住每一次机会提高英语水平。 5．You may refer the matter to him if necessary． 必要的话你可以把这件事委托给他。 [能力提升题] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Dad's car pulled into the driveway. I ran to the door. Dad smiled as if he had a secret. “It feels cold to us, but it's warm and attractive to see a frog. Are you coming？”he asked．I agreed with excitement and then put on my raincoat. “Hey, look at this one，”Dad shined his light on a green frog the size of his thumb． The frog jumped, its four legs sticking straight out. I found my first frog on a driveway. A bright­green one with shiny skin. I wondered what it would feel like. I could see the frog breathing. I could imagine a car running over it. I said, “Dad, can you move this one？” “You do it，” Dad said．I looked at the frog. I didn't want to touch it. But I didn't want it to get squashed(压扁的). I reached down. It jumped through my fingers. I tried again. Cupping one hand around the frog, I picked it up with the other hand． Its skin felt cold and soft. The frog moved．I walked to the grass and held out my hand．The frog climbed up my wrist. I laughed． Then I gently placed the frog onto the grass. We walked a couple of blocks. We found lots of frogs—brown ones, green ones and spotted ones. I got better at finding them. If they were on the road, we moved them when traffic was clear. I actually started to like picking them up. I was ready to go home. Then I saw something moving near a stone wall. Something bigger than a frog. Dad and I shined our lights and crouched．“Is it a lizard(蜥蜴)？” I asked．“No, it's a salamander，”Dad said．“Hey, I just realized something，” I said．“The animals out tonight—frogs and salamanders—are amphibians(两栖动物). We'd learned about amphibians in school.” “Great observation，” Dad said． [语篇导读]　本文是记叙文。作者和爸爸在雨夜一起观察青蛙， 并帮助青蛙返回草丛。 1．How did the author feel when his dad asked him to see frogs? A．Excited．　　　　 B． Disappointed． C．Ashamed． D．Frightened． 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“Dad's car pulled into the driveway. I ran to the door. Dad smiled as if he had a secret. ‘It feels cold to us, but it's warm and attractive to see a frog. Are you coming？’ he asked． I agreed with excitement and then put on my raincoat.(爸爸的车停在车道上。我跑到门口。爸爸笑了， 好像有什么秘密似的。他问：“我们觉得很冷， 但看到青蛙却很温暖， 很有吸引力。你要来吗？”我欣然同意， 然后穿上雨衣。)”可知， 作者很兴奋地同意和父亲一起看青蛙。故选A。 答案　A 2．Why did the author move the frog on the driveway? A．To have fun. B．To play with the frog. C．To keep it safe. D．To observe it carefully. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“But I didn't want it to get squashed(压扁的).(但我不想让它被压扁。)”可知， 作者不想看到青蛙被车子碾压， 即作者想保护青蛙免受危险。故选C。 答案　C 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．The salamanders aren't amphibians. B．The author's experience was worthwhile. C．The author felt tired to pick up frogs. D．The experience had nothing to do with the author's school lessons. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘Hey, I just realized something，’ I said． ‘The animals out tonight—frogs and salamanders—are amphibians(两栖动物). We'd learned about amphibians in school.’(“嘿， 我刚意识到一件事，”我说。“今晚出去的动物——青蛙和蝾螈——是两栖动物。我们在学校里学过两栖动物。”)”可知， 作者把学校里学的东西运用到实际， 认出了青蛙和蝾螈是两栖动物， 作者认为在雨夜观察青蛙的经历是值得的。故选B。 答案　B 4．What does the story tell us? A．Learn more about amphibians. B．Protect our natural environment. C．Study hard at school. D．Love every creature around us. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段“Cupping one hand around the frog, I picked it up with the other hand． Its skin felt cold and soft. The frog moved． I walked to the grass and held out my hand． The frog climbed up my wrist. I laughed． Then I gently placed the frog onto the grass.(我一只手捧着青蛙， 另一只手把它捡起来。它的皮肤摸起来又冷又软。青蛙动了。我走到草地上， 伸出我的手。青蛙爬上了我的手腕。我笑了。然后我轻轻地把青蛙放在草地上。)”以及作者和爸爸在雨夜一起观察青蛙， 并帮助青蛙返回草丛。可知， 故事告诉我们要爱护身边的每一个生物。故选D。 答案　D B (西安高二期中)In 2018, Russian scientists took a soil sample from deep in the permanently frozen ground in Siberia in Russia． They discovered two tiny round nematodes(线虫) frozen in the sample, which were so small that they could only be seen with a microscope. Tests showed the soil had been frozen for about 46，000 years old．When the nematodes were placed in room temperature, they began to move. The nematodes are the oldest living animals ever brought back to life after being frozen. The discovery makes up for the research on how living things can survive in tough conditions. Nematodes can live for years if they're frozen. They can enter a special state called cryptobiosis(隐生现象), during which animals reduce their activities and consume very little energy. Before this, the longest nematode had been known to survive through cryptobiosis was about 25 years. Being revived after 46，000 years was a new record for any kind of animal. The nematodes were sent off to Germany to be studied further. The researchers found the two nematodes were a new species of nematode that had not yet been discovered． That's not too surprising, since there are so many species of nematodes. They also found the nematodes were able to survive being frozen better if they were dried out a little first. The drying helped them produce a special sugar called trehalose(海藻糖), which helped them survive being frozen. The scientists also studied a nematode species that is common these days. They found that it also uses the sugar to protect itself in cryptobiosis. Both of the nematodes were females. Before long, they began to have babies. Some kinds of nematodes, including these, have the ability for a single nematode to have babies all by itself. The two original frozen nematodes have now died． But their babies had babies who had babies, and so on. Most of the nematodes only live a month or two unless they get frozen. [语篇导读]　 这是一篇说明文。俄罗斯科学家在西伯利亚的冻土中发现了两只线虫， 它们依旧活着， 科学家对其进行了研究。 5．What do we know about the two nematodes in the first paragraph? A．They were the oldest living animals. B．They were still alive when warmed up. C．They were found on the surface of the ground． D．They were the tiniest creatures ever discovered． 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“When the nematodes were placed in room temperature, they began to move.(当线虫被放置在室温下时， 它们开始移动。)”可知， 当把线虫置于室温环境下， 他们开始动起来。故选B。 答案　B 6．How does cryptobiosis affect nematodes? A．It slows down the pace of their life. B．It helps them speed up their drying. C．It gets their body temperature down. D．It stops them from consuming energy. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段“They can enter a special state called cryptobiosis (隐生现象), during which animals reduce their activities and consume very little energy.(它们可以进入一种特殊的状态， 称为隐生现象， 在此期间， 动物减少了它们的活动并且消耗很少的能量。)”可知， 线虫会进入一种叫作隐生的特殊状态， 在这种状态下， 动物会减少活动消耗极少的能量。故选A。 答案　A 7．Which of the following is unrelated to the nematodes' survival for years? A．Cryptobiosis. B．Trehalose. C．Their sex. D．Dry condition. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段“Nematodes can live for years if they're frozen. They can enter a special state called cryptobiosis(隐生现象), during which animals reduce their activities and consume very little energy.(如果被冷冻， 线虫可以存活数年。它们可以进入一种特殊的状态， 称为隐生现象， 在此期间， 动物减少了它们的活动并且消耗很少的能量。)”及第三段“They also found the nematodes were able to survive being frozen better if they were dried out a little first. The drying helped them produce a special sugar called trehalose(海藻糖), which helped them survive being frozen.(他们还发现， 如果先干燥一点， 线虫在冷冻状态下能够更好地存活。干燥有助于他们产生一种名为海藻糖的特殊糖， 帮助它们在冰冻中幸存下来。)”可知， 线虫在隐生状态下会减少能量消耗， 它们变干后体内会产生海藻糖来帮助它们存活下来， 由此可知线虫的性别和与它们能存活几千年没有因果关系。故选C。 答案　C 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．Female nematodes live longer than the male ones B．Nematodes can produce young when they are frozen C．Nematodes are ranked the fastest pro­ducing creatures D．Short­lived nematodes survived for thousands of years 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段“They discovered two tiny round nematodes(线虫)frozen in the sample, which were so small that they could only be seen with a microscope. Tests showed the soil had been frozen for about 46，000 years old． When the nematodes were placed in room temperature, they began to move.(他们发现了两种微小的圆形线虫冷冻在样本中， 这些样本太小了， 只能用显微镜才能看到。测试表明， 这块土地已经被冻了大约4.6万年。当线虫被放置在室温下时， 它们开始移动。)”及最后一段“Most of the nematodes only live a month or two unless they get frozen.(大多数线虫只有一两个月的寿命， 除非它们被冷冻。)”可知， 文章主要阐述了俄罗斯科学家在4.6万年的冻土的中发现了两只线虫， 虽然它们正常的寿命只有一两个月， 但是当它们被放置在室温下却存活了下来的事情。故选D。 答案　D Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (南阳高二期末)During winter, when it is cold and freezing outside, all we want to do is stay wrapped up in our blankets and remain in bed． 1 During times like these, one might envy animals like bears, who doze through the coldest season and wake up fresh in the spring. But how do they go without food for such a long time? 2 Because of terrible weather and shortages of food, certain animals hibernate(冬眠) to save energy and survive. Hibernation involves a significant slowdown of the metabolism(新陈代谢) and a drop in body temperature. Reducing their metabolism allows these animals to conserve energy during those long cold months. To understand the need for hibernation, we first must understand the difference between endothermic and ectothermic organisms. Ectotherms are those animals whose body temperatures depend on the surrounding temperature. 3 Usually, they have a body temperature that changes with the temperature of their environment. They depend on things like sunlight or the surface of heated rocks to warm up. 4 They are also known as “cold­blooded” animals, which include fish, amphibians, and reptiles. On the contrary, endotherms can regulate their own body temperature by generating internal heat. They are capable of maintaining their physiological body temperature in a stable range, regardless of the changes in the environment. Endotherms adjust their metabolic heat production and insulation to stay warm, whereas during hot weather, they sweat to cool down. Endotherms are capable of maintaining a steady temperature as compared to their changing surroundings. They are called “warm­blooded” animals, and include mammals and birds. 5 A．Conversely, they seek shade to cool down. B．A cup of noodles or hot chocolate also helps. C．Most animals usually try to gain as much weight as they can before they hibernate. D．Hibernation is an energy­saving adaptation to protect against unpleasant conditions. E．Thus, many animals hibernate to save energy and survive these bad winter conditions. F．Metabolism is the process through which our body changes the food we eat into energy. G．This means that they depend on their external environment to regulate their body temperature. [语篇导读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动物冬眠的概念以及具体的原因。 1．解析　根据上一句“During winter, when it is cold and freezing outside, all we want to do is stay wrapped up in our blankets and remain in bed．(在冬天， 当外面很冷的时候， 我们想做的就是裹着毯子躺在床上。)”可知， 下一句是对上一句补充说明， 说明冬季特别冷的时候人类可以做的事。B项“A cup of noodles or hot chocolate also helps.(一杯面条或热巧克力也有帮助。)”符合语境。故选B。 答案　B 2．解析　根据此段下文“Hibernation involves a significant slowdown of the metabolism(新陈代谢) and a drop in body temperature.(冬眠意味着新陈代谢的显著减缓和体温的下降。)”可知， 此段主要在讲什么是冬眠及其好处。D项“Hibernation is an energy­saving adaptation to protect against unpleasant conditions.(冬眠是一种节约能源的适应方式， 以抵御不愉快的环境。)”在介绍冬眠的概念， 符合语境。故选D。 答案　D 3．解析　根据上句“Ectotherms are those animals whose body temperatures depend on the surrounding temperature.(变温动物是指体温取决于环境温度的动物。)”和下句“Usually, they have a body temperature that changes with the temperature of their environment.(通常， 它们的体温会随着环境温度的变化而变化。)”可知， 变温动物的体温随着环境温度的变化而变化。G项“This means that they depend on their external environment to regulate their body temperature.(这意味着它们依靠外部环境来调节体温。)”承上启下， 同时G项中的“body temperature”与上下句中的“body temperatures”呼应。故选G。 答案　G 4．解析　根据上文“Usually, they have a body temperature that changes with the temperature of their environment. They depend on things like sunlight or the surface of heated rocks to warm up.(通常， 它们的体温会随着环境温度的变化而变化。它们依靠阳光或加热的岩石表面来升温。)”可知， 变温动物的体温随着环境温度的变化而变化， 上文讲变温动物如何升温， 可知下文会介绍变温动物如何降温。A项“Conversely, they seek shade to cool down.(相反， 它们寻找阴凉的地方降温。)”与上一句构成转折关系。故选A。 答案　A 5．解析　此处位于句末以及文章最后一句， 起总结作用， E项“Thus, many animals hibernate to save energy and survive these bad winter conditions.(因此， 许多动物冬眠是为了节省能量并在恶劣的冬季条件下生存。)”对全文进行总结。故选E。 答案　E 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$