Lesson 10 教材衔接+语法填空虚词考点讲解——代冠连介+从句——2024初升高英语（2020牛津译林专用）

Lesson 10 教材衔接+语法填空虚词考点讲解——代冠连介+从句 Step 1：知识积累之听力填词训练 Tim and I talked a lot about his problems today, and I’m so glad that I could help my best friend. It also left me thinking about what it really means to be a “good friend”. In my opinion, the following qualities form the basis of a friendship. A good friend needs to be supportive. I can see that Tim is having trouble balancing his project and his schoolwork, and I can see that both are important to him. I must respect and support the choices he makes.I should also encourage him to take action to get over these difficulties. A good friend also needs to be selfless. Tim is someone whom I should try my best to help, even if it means more work for me. When he’s struggling with his schoolwork, I should do all I can to help him become a more efficient learner. It’ll take up some of my spare time, but this friendship is worth my extra time and effort. I'm sure that Tim would do the same for me. To me, a good friend brings out the best in a person. And I think Tim is the one who brings out the best in me. Through our conversation today, I know that our friendship will grow stronger than ever.I’ll always value these qualities of a good friend and try to measure myself by these standards as our friendship develops. 词汇及短语归纳总结 1. In my opinion 在我看来：表示个人观点或看法 2. supportive adj. 支持的，拥护的；赞助的 3. having trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth 有困难做… 4. respect vt. 尊重, 敬佩 n. 尊敬, 尊重 考虑, 关心, 顾虑 细节, 方面 敬意, 问候 5. efficient adj. 有能力的, 效率高的 6. take up 拿起, 开始, 从事, 吸取, 接纳；占据 7. extra adv. 特别地，非常；另外 n. 额外的事物；临时演员；号外；adj. 额外的，另外收费的；特大的 Step 2：语法填空实词考点讲解——代冠连介+从句Section A—初高衔接小题练 Passage A My name is Tony. I'm a traffic policeman. I'm glad to hear that you are going on an outing tomorrow. For everyone's safety, I'll give you some advice on how 　1． 　 stay safe. First of all, you should take care of your own safety. You should always put safety first. Second, you should obey traffic safety rules. Don't cross the road 　2． 　 the green light is on. Some of you like to go hiking 　3． 　 bike. Don't forget to wear helmets when you ride your bike. You need to ride 　4． 　 the right. If there is 　5． 　 traffic accident, remember to call the accident telephone for help. Finally, you should care for each other and help each other. I hope you will have a good trip. Thank you. 参考答案： 1．to；2．until；3．by；4．on；5．a 1．句意：为了大家的安全，我会给你一些关于如何保持安全的建议。分析句子结构可知，此处“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语，因此to符合句意，故填to。 2．句意：绿灯亮时再过马路。根据“the green light is on”可知，直到绿灯亮再过马路，not...until...“直到……才……”，故填until。 3．句意：你们有些人喜欢骑自行车去徒步旅行。by bike“骑自行车”，故填by。 4．句意：你需要靠右行驶。根据生活常识可知，在右边骑自行车，on the right“在右边”，固定搭配。故填on。 5．句意：如果发生交通事故，记得打事故电话求助。根据“traffic accident”可知，需要不定冠词表示泛指，traffic是辅音音素开头，因此a符合句意，故填a。 Passage B We'll never forget the special trip to Thailand. It was our first time to visit　6． 　 hot and wet city of Bangkok. All the smells made us try the food. We enjoyed something special for dinner. The hotel we stayed in was cheap and very clean. We planned to stay there for a few days and to visit some places in the city, and then traveled to Chiang Mai (清迈) in the north. Bangkok was wonderful and surprising! The places were interesting. We visited the famous place　7． 　was on the water, and saw a lot of fruit and vegetables. Everything was so colorful, and we took hundreds of photos there! Later we left　8． 　 Chiang Mai. We took a train to the north, stayed in Chiang Mai for two days, and then went to Chiang Rai (清莱) by bus. Our trip to Chiang Rai was long and boring. We visited a small village　9． 　 the foot of a mountain. The village people there loved the quiet life. We found that there were no computers　10． 　 phones there. Most of the houses were low and simple. They were the kindest people I had ever met. They always smiled and said "hello". My brother and I could only speak a few of Thai words, so smiling was the best way to show our kindness. I feel good there and hope to be able to go back there next year. 参考答案： 6．the；7．that/which；8．for；9．at；10．or 6．句意：这是我们第一次参观这个又热又湿的曼谷城市。根据" hot and wet city of Bangkok. "可知这里是特指，用定冠词the，故答案为the。 7．句意：我们参观了在水上的著名的地方。句子是定语从句，place是先行词，指物，定语从句缺少主语，指物做主语的关系代词用that或者which，故答案为 that/which 。 8．句意：后来我们动身去清迈。根据"We took a train to the north, stayed in Chiang Mai for two days, and then went to Chiang Rai(清莱) by bus. "可知我们动身去清迈，leave for是固定短语，动身去某地，故答案为for。 9．句意：我们在山脚下参观了一些小村庄。at the foot of a mountain是在山脚下，符合题意，故答案为at。 10．句意：我们发现那里没有电脑或者电话。computers和phones是并列关系，根据no可知句子是否定句，用or连接，故答案为or。 Passage C When I was at the age of twelve, my mother taught me a valuable lesson that I will never forget. 　11． 　 was a sunny day. I was walking down the street with my mother when we met Mr. Brown. I could see Mr. Brown at any time around the neighbor. So I just stood there. Later, my mother said something wonderful, "It's the last time you went 　12． 　 somebody you know without opening your mouth, because it was impolite." At school, I slowly got used 　13． 　 saying "hello" and "see you tomorrow" to my teachers and people who swept our school. Now, it has become 　14． 　 habit to greet others. Now I speak to people I know if meeting them. When someone 　15． 　 hears you greet to him smiles happily, you will realize how powerful it is to say hello. 参考答案： 11．It；12．by；13．to；14．a；15．who 11．句意：那是一个阳光明媚的日子。结合a sunny day阳光明媚的日子，可知讲的是天气，故用代词it，做主语，故答案为：It。 12．句意：这是你最后一次不说话就离开你认识的人，因为这是不礼貌的。句子中提到了without opening your mouth，暗示了某种方式或手段。在英文中，go by通常用于表示"经过、走过"某人或某地，而without opening your mouth进一步强调了"默默地"或"不吭声地"走过。故答案为：by。 13．句意：在学校里，我慢慢习惯了对我的老师和清扫我们学校的人说"你好"和"明天见"。get used to固定短语，表示"习惯于"。其后需要接动名词或名词作为宾语。在这个语境中，"saying 'hello' and 'see you tomorrow'"是动名词短语，表示"说‘你好‘和‘明天见'"。因此，to作为介词，连接get used和动名词短语。故答案为：to。 14．句意：现在，问候别人已经成为我的习惯。habit"是可数名词，表示"习惯"。在英文中，当提到某物成为一种习惯时，通常会在其前加上不定冠词a或an。由于habit的发音以辅音音素开头，所以使用a，故答案为：a。 15．句意：当听到你问候的人开心地微笑时，你会意识到打招呼是多么有力。who作为关系代词，引导了一个定语从句，修饰先行词someone。这个定语从句描述了"某个人"在听到你的问候后高兴地微笑的情景。故答案为：who。 Section B—题型及知识讲解 1：冠词（a/an/the） 定冠词（the）： 一独：独一无二的事物 二双：双方都知晓的事物 三方：方位名词 四级：the+最高级 五乐：the+（西洋）乐器 六姓：the +姓氏复数=某人一家 七形：the +形容词=一类人 八山：山河湖泊 九党：党派政府机关 十序：序数词 不定：（a/an） a+辅音音素 a boy an honest boy an hour an+元音音素 an apple a useful book a unique book 零冠词： 泛指复数日三餐；球类运动季节前；星期月份节假日；抽象国名或语种 2：介词 1） 介词+doing（in/on/at/of/for/from/with/without/by/about/after/upon） 2） 固定搭配：as a result of 3）（be） ed + by+ doing /反身代词/交通工具 3：连词 1）表示并列关系的并列连词有：and, both...and..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as等。 2）表示转折关系的并列连词有：but，yet，however，while等 3）表示选择关系的并列连词有：or, or else, either...or...,otherwise等。 4）表示因果关系的并列连词有：so, for, therefore等。 5）引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when，while，as，after，before, since, until, as soon as等 6) 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since等。 7) 引导地点状语从句的从属连词有：where，wherever等。 8) 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless, in case, as long as等。 9）引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that等。 10）引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：though, although, even though, however等。 11) 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as, as if, as though等。 12）引导比较状语从句的从属连词有：as, as...as..., not so...as..., than等。 13）引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so, so...that..., such...that...等。 4：代词 1）主格；宾格；物主代词；反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词物代 名词物代 反身代词 第一人称 单数 复数 第二人称 单数 复数 第三人称 单数 单数 单数 复数 2）指示代词 指示代词主要有： ①近指：this这个，these这些；也可指下文将要谈到的人或物。 ②远指：that那个，those那些，也可指上文提到的人或物。 3）one，ones, that, those, it做替代词时的用法： it 可以代替可数名词单数和不可数名词代替同类同物，只能指物。them/they是it的复数形式，代替复数名词 one同类异物，代替可数名词单数，表泛指，可以指人也可以指物。ones 是one 的复数，代替复数名词。 that用于同类比较中，代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，表特指，可以指人也可指物。 those 是that的复数，代替复数名词。 4）It 的用法 1）指时间，距离，天气，日期，温度等； It’s early spring, but it is already hot. 2）当说话者弄不清对方是谁，不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时； Someone is knocking at the door, who can it be? 3）作形式主语或形式宾语，代替to do, doing, 或从句； It is important for us to be cheerful when facing the trouble. 4）用于强调句型 “ It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who... ” It is years of hard work that made him what he is today. 5)用于固定搭配： It is a pity/a shame that... 真可惜/丢人 It is no wonder that... 难怪...... It seems/appears that ... 似乎/ 好像...... It looks/seems as if/ as though... 看起来好像...... It happens that ... 碰巧...... It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that... 某人突然想起...... It was/will be + 一段时间 + before从句过了/要过多久才...... It wasn’t/ won’t + 一段时间 + before从句没过多久就...... 6）other, others, the other和another的用法 ①.other表示泛指，意为“另外的、别的、其它的”。常与复数名词连用。 Other+复数名词=others ②.others：表示泛指，意为“别的人或物”，但不指剩下的全部。如： Many students are playing on the playground． Some are playing football；others(=other students) are playing basketball． ③.the other：表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用，也可后接单数名词。如： The old man has two sons． One is a worker，the other is a teacher． 注意：the others:可表示其余的全部且不止一个。如： ④.another常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”。它可单独使用，也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词，则表示“又、再、还”。如： This cap is too small for me． Show me another (one)． 7）all和both的用法 这两个词都可表示“都”，但all表示三者或三者以上的人或物，both则表示两个人或物。它们都表示肯定意义，但如果它们与not连用时，则表示部分否定。如： All of them are middle school students． His parents are both teachers． Both of his parents aren’t workers． All of the students aren’t here on time． 8）neither和either的用法 这两个词都可用于表示两个人或物。neither表示否定意义,意为“（两者中的每一个）都不”；而either则表示肯定意义，意为“（两者中的每一个）都”。它们用作代词时，可单独使用，也可同介词of连用。用作形容词时，则可用于修饰后面的单数名词。如： Neither of them can speak Chinese． Either of them can speak Chinese． There are trees on either side of the street． There are trees on neither side of the street． 9）few和little的用法 ①few用作不定代词时，可用于替代可数名词，表示否定意义。表示肯定意义时，则要用a few。此外，few还可用作形容词，用于修饰可数名词。如：Few students in this school can speak Japanese． ②little用作不定代词时，用于代替不可数名词，表示否定意义。表示肯定意义时，要用a little。用作形容词时，则要修饰不可数名词。如：He is now out of work and can earn little money． 不定代词的固定搭配： one another （三者或三者以上）互相 each other(两者)互相 one ... another... （三者或三者以上）一个....另一个.... one ... the other ... （两者中）一个....另一个.... some ... others... 一些....另一些.... 4：定语从句及名词性从句 定语从句：名词/代词之后的从句 the book（ that my mother bought） is nice The man （who is speaking with my mother） is my uncle 定语从句缺主语/宾语：——定语从句无what That（指人；指物；作主语；作宾语） which（指物；作主语；作宾语） Who（指人；作主语；作宾语） whom（指人；作宾语） whose 做定语—后面一定有名词（..的） The man whose job is pilot works hard 做状语：when where why how 只用that不用which 的情况 有最高级；序数词；主语有人又有物； 主语是疑问句；主句有all；some；any等不定代词 用which 的情况：逗号之后；介词之后 名词性从句：主语从句；宾语从句；表语从句；同位语从句 主语从句；从句在句中充当主语—谓语动词之前—what he said is true That he likes playing basketball is known to all 宾语从句；；从句在句中充当主语—动词之后—I don’t know what he said I don’t know whether he will go to school 表语从句：在从句中充当表语—be/感官动词之后— the good news is that he wins the fiirst prize 同位语从句：放在名词之后— The good news that he wins the fiirst prize surprises us Section C—高中同步训练 Passage A 1．Smoking is responsible________ many cases of lung cancer. 2．You have to balance the advantages________ the disadvantages of doing so. 3．I hope he proves equal________ the challenge. 4．Not all men are equal ________the ability. 5．We have confidence ________our team. 6．I like my job to be________ challenge. 7．________a result, the bad thing has been turned into a good one. 8．________ my disappointment, his behavior caused some misunderstanding between us. 9．If you take the time and effort to do this, you'll end up _________more friends. 10．Things can easily go wrong when people are________ stress. 11．________view of the weather, the event will be held indoors. 12．They struggled________ the strong snow and finally reached the farm. 13．Tom took the police to the spot________ the accident happened. 14．They knew about the accident. That is because they were________ the spot when it happened. 15．His argument________ the plan sounds reasonable. 16．The children are always arguing________ which TV programme to watch. 17．Do what you are told and don’t argue________ me. 18．________no account should you leave the door unlocked. 19．In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike. 20．The earthquake ____________ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history. 参考答案： 1．for【详解】考查介词。句意：吸烟是导致许多肺癌的原因。be responsible for“（对……）负责，是造成……的原因”。故填for。 2．against【详解】考查介词。句意：你必须权衡这样做的利弊。根据空前的balance可知，本题考查短语balance A against B，意为“权衡A和B”。故填against。 3．to【详解】考查介词。句意：我希望他能证明自己能胜任这个挑战。分析句意再根据空格前的equal可知，此处用介词to构成固定搭配equal to表示“胜任”符合语境。故填to。 4．in【详解】考查介词。句意：并非所有人在能力上都是平等的。be equal in“在某方是平等的”。故填in。 5．in【详解】考查介词。句意：我们对我们的团队有信心。have confidence in sb 表“对某人由信心”，为固定搭配。故填in。 6．a【详解】考查冠词。句意：我喜欢有挑战性的工作。此处泛指“一个挑战”，应用不定冠词，challenge是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。 7．As【详解】考查固定短语。句意：结果，坏事变成了好事。短语as a result，意为“结果”，根据句意和语境，可知设空处是as，位于句首，首字母大写，故填As。 8．To【详解】考查介词。句意：令我失望的是，他的行为引起了我们之间的误会。此处考查介词短语to one’s disappointment，意为“令我失望的是……”，作状语。设空处应用介词To。句首单词首字母应大写。故填To。 9．with【详解】考查介词。句意：如果你花时间和精力去做这件事，你会得到更多的朋友。此处考查动词短语end up with，意为“以……而结束”，设空处应填介词with，后接宾语。故填with。 10．Under 【详解】考查介词。句意：当人们处于压力之下时，事情很容易出错。分析句子可知，此处为介词短语under stress“处于压力之下”，满足句意要求。故填under。 11．In【详解】考查介词短语。句意：鉴于天气原因，这项活动将在室内举行。in view of为固定短语，表示“鉴于，考虑到”，空处应填介词in，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填In。 12．against【详解】考查介词。句意：他们与大雪搏斗，终于到达了农场。结合句意表达“与……搏斗”用struggle against。故填against。 13．where【详解】考查定语从句。句意：汤姆把警察带到事故发生的地点。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，修饰前面的名词spot，这是一个定语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。 14．on【详解】考查介词。句意：他们知道这起事故，是因为事故发生时，他们在现场。 15．against【详解】考查介词。句意：他反对该计划的论点听起来很合理。结合句子结构和句意可知，此处应用介词against表示“反对”，介词短语against the plan作名词argument的后置定语。故填against。 16．about##over【详解】考查介词。句意：孩子们经常因为看哪个电视节目而争论起来。根据句意可知，此处意为“就……争论”，表达为argue about/over sth.，故填about/over。 17．with 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：按照要求去做不要和我争论。根据句意可知，此处表示“和我争吵”，应用固定短语argue with sb“和某人吵架、争论”，故填with。根据句意可知，此处意为“在现场”，表达为on the spot，故填on。 18．On【详解】考查介词。句意：你绝不能不锁门。on no account (绝不)符合句意，首字母大写。故填On。 19．whose【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 20．that##which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：1906年袭击这座城市的地震是美国历史上最大的地震。设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词the earthquake。引导词在定语从句中作主语，故可以使用关系代词that或者which。故填that或者which。 Passage B 1．Please come and show　 　 (we) your photos. 2．　 　 all the students, Jim is the most careful. 3．You may be 　 　 danger if you don't be careful about the safety. 4．As we know, there will be no life on the earth 　 　 air. 5．Look! The man 　 　 the winning tickets 　 　 the stage is too happy to say a word. 6． Our aim should be to advance 　 　(we) skills on science. 7． I usually do 　 　(I) homework at half past seven in the evening. 8．He is good 　 　 singing,so he wants to join the music club. 9．My mother often helps me 　 　 my English. 10． Joe and his sister played 　 　 badminton yesterday afternoon, and my brother and I played 　 　 violin in the club. 11．　 　 Friday afternoon, I took a walk in the street. 12． Students in China often go to school from Monday 　 　 Friday. 13． The tourists who went to climb Mount Huang lost 　 　 (they) in the beautiful scenery there. 14．The official language of China is Putonghua, 　 　 the foreigners usually call Mandarin. 15．My painting is beautiful. His painting is　 　(beautiful) than　 　(I). 16．That is not Linda's pen. 　 　 (her) is green. 17． They don't like to eat out. They often cook meals by 　 　 (they) at home. 参考答案： 1．【答案】us句意：请过来让我们看看你的照片。show意为"展示；给...看"，是动词，后跟人称代词宾格作宾语，we意为"我们"，是人称代词主格形式，其对应的宾格形式是us，故填us。 2．【答案】Of / Among 3．【答案】in 4．【答案】without 5．【答案】with；on 6．【答案】our 7．【答案】my句意：我通常在晚上七点半做作业。I，我，人称代词主格。结合语句中的homework，可知此空要用形容词性物主代词，故答案为my。 8．【答案】at句意：他擅长唱歌，所以他想参加音乐俱乐部。擅长做某事，be good at doing。固定搭配，at是介词，故填at。 【点评】考查语法填空，注意识记be good at doing的用法。 9．【答案】with句意：我的妈妈经常帮助我学习英语。help sb with sth，帮助某人做某事，固定搭配，故填with。 10．【答案】/；the句意：昨天下午乔和他的姐姐打羽毛球，我和我的兄弟在俱乐部拉小提琴。空一，badminton，羽毛球，play+球类运动不用冠词，play the+乐器，演奏，violin，小提琴，故填/，the。 11．【答案】On句意：星期五下午，我在街上散步。afternoon前有定语修饰，用介词on，在，Friday做定语，故填On。 12．【答案】to句意：中国的学生通常从周一到周五上学。根据 from Monday 1 Friday ，可知是表示：从周一到周五，应用介词短语from…to…"从……到……"。故答案为：to。 13．【答案】themselves句意：去爬黄山的游客们沉浸在那里的美丽景色中。they他们，主格代词。动词短语lose oneself in sth.沉浸于某物中，根据tourists可知用they的反身代词themselves ，故答案为themselves。 14．【答案】which句意：中国的官方语言是普通话，外国人通常称之为普通话。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是物，所以应该用which引导，故填which。 15．【答案】more beautiful；mine句意：我的画很漂亮。他的画比我的更漂亮。beautiful，漂亮的，根据than，可知第一空应填比较级，第二空应填名词性物主代词mine，指代my painting，故填more beautiful，mine。 16．【答案】Hers句意：这不是琳达的钢笔。她的是绿色的。her她的，形容词性物主代词，根据上文not Linda's pen，可知应填名词性物主代词hers，指代her pen，句首首字母大写，故填Hers。 17．【答案】themselves句意： 他们不喜欢在外面吃饭。他们经常在家自己做饭。do sth by oneself，固定搭配，靠自己做某事，they的反身代词是themselves，故填themselves。 Passage C Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world. Kung fu，1.   (especial), has had a great effect 2.    the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that, they may come to China and learn about some other 3.     (aspect) of this culture. Other Asian nations have long known about the 4.     (great) of ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are 5.     mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted Confucianism, something that continues today even as it 6.    (challenge) by pop culture. This strength comes from the ideas 7.     (give) in the Four Books of Confucianism, which built upon the ideas of an even 8.     (much) ancient period codified (编纂) in the Five Classics.From them, the West learns 9.     is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui.  So far China has taken steps 10.     (further) this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe. 参考答案： 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国文化对世界的影响。 1．解析：考查副词。尤其是中国功夫，对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的成千上万的人来讲，有着非常大的影响。especially“尤其是”，用于强调突出的人或者事情。答案：especially 2．解析：考查介词。have a．..effect on sb.“对某人有……影响”为固定搭配，故填on。答案：on 3．解析：考查名词单复数。他们可能会来到中国，学习了解中国文化的一些其他方面。根据空前的“some other”及aspect作“方面，层面”讲时是可数名词可知，此处应用aspect的复数形式aspects。答案：aspects 4．解析：考查名词。其他亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的博大。根据空前的“the”及空后的“of”可知，此处应填名词greatness。答案：greatness 5．解析：考查冠词。这些国家自身的文化是本土文化和中国特色(文化)的混合。mix在此作名词，意为“混合，结合”，是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，故用a。答案：a 6．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据本文的基本时态为一般现在时可知，此处亦用一般现在时；it在此指代上文中的“Confucianism”，和challenge之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填is challenged。答案：is challenged 7．解析：考查过去分词。这种力量来自“四书”中所提供的观念。the ideas与give之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。答案：given 8．解析：考查比较级。“四书”是依照“五经”的编纂中所体现的更为早期的思想而著成的。根据句意及空前的“even”可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填more。答案：more 9．解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导宾语从句，作learns的宾语，空处在句中作主语，且此处表示“所……的事物”，故用what。答案：what 10．解析：考查不定式。目前，中国已经采取措施进一步推广中国文化。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作目的状语，故应用不定式形式。further在此用作动词，意为“促进，增进”。答案：to further Section D—高考真题链接 Passage A The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It 1 (build) originally to protect the city 2 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall. After 4 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 5 (good) than to ride on a piece of history! We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 7 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 8 way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 9 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 10 (day) routines. 参考答案： 这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动。 1. 句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。 2. 句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”应用介词in。故填in。 3. 句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。 4. 句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。 5. 句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。 6. 句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。 7. 句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。 8. 句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。 9. 句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。 10. 句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。 Passage B Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is a     1     (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers     2     (carry) special significance. They represent the earth     3     (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country: Oranges: Orange trees are more     4     decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times     5     (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office.    6           (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated     7     health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy     8     (care) for and make great presents. Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The     9     (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are     10     first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life. 参考答案： 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。 1.考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。 2.考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。 3.考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。 4.考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。 5.考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。 6.考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。 7.考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填with。 8.考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。 9.考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。 10.考查冠词。句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。 Step 3：课后作业之听力训练+题型演练Section A—模考听力训练 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.How much will the man pay? A.800 yuan.　　　　　　　　　B.160 yuan.　　　　　　　　 C.560 yuan. 2.Where does the conversation probably take place? A.At a barber’s. B.At a banker’s. C.At a butcher’s. 3.Who is looking for a job? A.Ted. B.Betty. C.Mary. 4.How will the man go to London? A.On foot. B.By plane. C.By car. 5.What do the speakers mainly talk about? A.Taking a Chinese course. B.Taking a math course. C.Choosing universities. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。 6.What is Josh fond of? A.Rock and pop music. B.Piano and rock music. C.Pop music and violin. 7.Where is Jason Mraz from? A.Athens. B.Africa. C.America. 听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。 8.Why is Ed excited? A.He will go to school. B.His grandma will come and see him. C.He likes playing with other kids. 9.How will the woman and Ed go to the kindergarten when the weather is fine? A.By bus. B.On foot. C.By bike. 听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。 10.What is the woman doing now? A.She is having her hair cut. B.She is cutting the man’s hair. C.She is talking with her friends. 11.What does the woman complain to the man about? A.The expression. B.The speed. C.The attitude. 12.Why will the man go to talk to his manager? A.The man is going to give up the job. B.He would like to learn from the manager. C.The customer doesn’t want to pay for the haircut. 听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。 13.Where did Mary grow up? A.In Los Angeles. B.In New York City. C.In London. 14.What did Mary do on her 14th birthday? A.She saw a Harrison Ford movie. B.She saw her loved actor. C.She acted in her first film. 15.How did Mary’s mother feel about her acting? A.She didn’t want Mary to be like her. B.She didn’t take Mary seriously. C.She told Mary to make her own decision. 16.In what way does Mary look like her mother? A.They have the same eyes. B.Their noses look alike. C.They have the same skin color. 听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。 17.When was the Burj Dubai completed? A.In 2015. B.In 2009. C.In 2008. 18.Where is the center of the tallest buildings at present? A.In Europe and the Middle East. B.In Asia and the Middle East. C.In North America and Asia. 19.Why do people build so many tall buildings? A.Tall buildings are wonderful to look at. B.Tall buildings save more resources. C.People like to live in tall buildings. 20.What is the height of the Empire State Building? A.About 400 meters. B.About 200 meters. C.About 300 meters. (Text 1) M:I want to get this picture of the eight horses.How much is it? W:The marked price is 700 yuan.I can give you a 20% discount. (Text 2) M:Please have a look.Is this to your liking? W:I love it.You’ve done a great job with my hair. (Text 3) W:Hey,Ted.You should take a look.Wanted:manager for up-and-coming firm.Must have good organizational skills,and experience is a plus.Please contact Betty Sue. M:Thanks,Mary. (Text 4) M:I’m leaving for London and I’d like a window seat. W:Sure.Here’s your ticket.Your boarding time is 10:20 a.m. and have a nice flight. (Text 5) M:I have to take my exams for getting into the university,so I need to take a quick course in math. W:Maybe I should sign up a math course too. (Text 6) W:So Josh,I know that you like to play the guitar. M:Yeah. W:What kind of music do you love? M:Mostly,I play rock but sometimes,I play pop music as well. W:Cool.So who is your favourite artist? M:My favorite artist at the moment is Jason Mraz. W:Okay.Where does he come from? M:He doesn’t come from Africa but America. (Text 7) M:I hear that Ed will go to the kindergarten for the first time. W:Oh,he’s very excited that he will go to school like other kids,but Grandma worries that he may miss home and feel uneasy in an unfamiliar environment. M:My son David went there last year and we were also worried at first,but it turned out that he did fairly well.Children sometimes may bring surprise to concerned parents. W:Yeah.And we live quite close to the kindergarten,so I can walk there with him every morning if weather permits. M:Ed is always an outgoing boy who loves to have other kids to play with.I’m sure he will make it in the new place. W:I hope so. (Text 8) W:It’s taking you forever to cut my hair. M:Give me a minute. W:You should have done already. M:There you go. W:I don’t think that you’ve done. M:What’s wrong? W:My hair looks terrible. M:What’s so bad about it? W:It doesn’t look good at all. M:Sorry about that. W:I really hope that you didn’t expect me to pay you for this. M:Well,let me talk to my manager,okay? (Text 9) M:So,Mary,what was it like growing up in Hollywood,Los Angeles as an only child,and having such a famous mother? W:Well,I guess I was admired by other students,as I had things most other kids only dreamed about.For example,when I was 14,I just loved Harrison Ford.My mother helped me and a few friends to see him working on the set of a film as a gift for my birthday. M:You are an actress now yourself.Did your mother ever try to stop you from acting? W:Not at all...just the opposite.She said I should follow my heart.I guess that’s the same thing she did when she was younger.My grandparents hadn’t wanted her to take up acting,you know,especially as she had to move from London to Hollywood.I don’t think her family took her seriously at first.I think she was quite homesick,and she probably could have done with a little more family support. M:Now,you look very much like your mother,don’t you? W:Oh,yes.My mouth,the shape of my face,and my nose definitely do.I think my eyes,my forehead,and my skin color are different from my mother’s,but everyone tells me I look like her. (Text 10) M:Skyscrapers have become very common in Europe.Cities such as Frankfurt,Madrid,Valencia,Malmo and Paris,all have very tall buildings under construction.However,the center of the world for skyscrapers is neither Europe nor America.The tallest buildings in the world are being built in Asia and the Middle East.At more than 500 meters tall,the tallest building in the world was Tokyo Skytree East Tower in 2015.However,when completed in 2008,the Burj Dubai in the United Arab Emirates rises 162 stories and more than 800 meters.Another building in Dubai is planned to be over 1,200 meters tall.That’s about three times as tall as the Empire State Building.Skyscrapers are part of our future for many reasons.For one,they require less land to build and use less electricity and other resources.Plus,people who live in cities with high rises are less likely to own a car.In New York and London,for example,the majority of residents do not drive.Still,a lot of people think that really tall buildings ruin the look of a city.What do you think? 参考答案：1.C　2.A　3.A　4.B　5.B　6.A　7.C　8.A　9.B　10.A　11.B　12.C　13.A　14.B　15.C　16.B　17.C　18.B　19.B　20.A Section B—课后阅读训练 Passage A How Learning Habits Influence Learning Results It’s useful and necessary.　　1　　(discuss) learning habits.There is a famous saying “Good habits lead to good endings”,.　　　2　　 shows the importance of habits.  “An apple a day keeps the doctor away” also　　3　　 (show) how a healthy everyday habit helps to build up our body.Therefore,good learning habits can help us gain great learning results 　　　　　4　　　　　(include) high scores and abundant knowledge.At first,learning habits form our ways of thinking and attitudes 　　　5 　　 the content of our learning.Obviously,a good habit can help us to speed up 　　　6　　(reach) our aims.As we can see, 　　　7　　(develop) a good habit is　　8 　　 important that I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habits—keep a learning diary every day.We can start the habit by writing learning summary and remember to record something impressive and 　　　9　　(mean).Keep it in mind,and gradually we can gain this good learning habit,which is　　　10　　　 (benefit) to us.  I believe that through my efforts,I can gain good learning results by having good habits. 参考答案： 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学习习惯的重要性并推荐了每天记学习日记这一习惯。 56.to discuss　考查非谓语动词。句意:讨论学习习惯是有用和必要的。It is+adj.+to do sth意为“做某事是……的”。故填to discuss。 57.which　考查定语从句。句意:有一句“好习惯导致好结果”的名言,这说明了习惯的重要性。句中“shows the importance of habits”修饰前面整个句子内容,是非限制性定语从句。从句缺少主语,且先行词是saying,所以用关系代词 which来引导。故填which。 58.shows　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:“一天一苹果,医生远离我”这句话也展现了健康的日常习惯如何帮助我们增强体质。句中“An apple a day keeps the doctor away”为引用的句子作主语,所以谓语动词用单数形式。又因是陈述客观事实,所以用一般现在时。故填shows。 59.including　考查介词。句意:因此,良好的学习习惯可以帮助我们获得好的学习结果,包括很高的分数和丰富的知识。介词including意为“包括”。故填including。 60.to/towards　考查介词。句意:首先,学习习惯塑造了我们的思维方式和对学习内容的态度。attitude to/towards意为“对待……的态度”。故填to/towards。 61.to reach　考查非谓语动词。句意:显然,一个好习惯可以帮助我们加速达到我们的目标。此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to reach。 62.developing　考查非谓语动词。句意:正如我们所看到的,养成一个好习惯是如此重要,所以我想介绍一种良好的学习习惯——每天记学习日记。分析句子结构可知,句中缺少主语,表示一般性的动作,所以用动名词作主语。故填developing。 63.so　考查固定句型。so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。故填so。 64.meaningful　考查形容词。句意:我们可以从写学习总结开始这个习惯,记住要记录令人印象深刻和有意义的东西。根据impressive可知,连词and连接并列的形容词作something的后置定语。故填meaningful。 65.beneficial　考查形容词。句意:把它记在心里,渐渐地我们就能养成这种良好的学习习惯,这对我们是有益的。be beneficial to意为“对……有益”。故填beneficial。 Passage B Lego is a company that makes toys in Denmark in Northern Europe. Lego's toys 　　　1　　(make) of plastic but Lego does not want customers to throw away Legos which they do not use anymore. It is testing a way to reuse Legos. Customers in the U. S. can go to 　　　2 　　(it) website. On the website, they can print a label(标签) for the mail. Then, customers can put their used Legos in a box and mail them back to Lego for free. Lego says once they get the box in the mail, they  　　　3 　　(clean)the toys. Then they will give the  　　　4 　　 (collect) Legos to Teach For America, a charity, which will donate the Legos to schools across the country. The toy company will wait to see if the test is  　　　5 　　(good) than before. If it is, Lego may expand the program into other  　　　6 　　 (country). The company usually tells its customers to keep their Legos 　　　 7 　　 give the toys to others. When thrown away, plastic does not 　　8　 　　(total) break down. It can't become  　　　9 　　 natural part of the soil. Instead, it breaks into tiny pieces. Birds and other wildlife might eat these pieces,  　　　 10 　　 is bad for their health. Lego is trying to find other materials to take the place of plastic. 参考答案： (1)考查被动语态。句意：乐高的玩具都是塑料做的，但乐高不希望顾客扔掉他们不再使用的乐高玩具。分析句意可知，所给动词make与主语Lego’s toys之间为被动关系，根据语境可知用一般现在时，故填are made。 (2)考查形容词性物主代词。根据其后的名词website可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词，意为“它的网站”，代指“乐高的网站”，故填its。 (3)考查动词时态。句意：乐高表示，一旦他们收到邮件盒子，他们就会清洗玩具。根据上下文语境可知，此处应用一般将来时，故填will clean。 (4)考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，此处用作定语，所给词collect与名词Legos之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，意为“（被）收集的”，故填collected。 (5)考查形容词比较级。根据其后的than before可知，此处表比较，应用形容词比较级，故填better。 (6)考查名词复数。句意：如果是这样，乐高可能会将该项目扩展到其他国家。根据其前的other可知，此处应用名词复数，意为“其他国家”，故填countries。 (7)考查连词。句意：公司通常会告诉客户保存他们的乐高玩具，或者把玩具送给其他人。分析句子成分可知，keep their Legos与give the toys to others之间为选择关系，故填or。 (8)考查副词。分析句子成分可知，此处作状语，修饰动词短语break down，应用副词，故填totally。 (9)考查冠词。句意：它不能成为土壤的自然部分。根据句意可知，其后名词为泛指，意为“土壤的自然部分”，故填a。 (10)考查定语从句。句意：鸟类和其他野生动物可能会吃这些食物，这对它们的健康不利。分析句子成分可知，本句中缺少主语，代指前面整个句子，指“鸟类和其他野生动物可能会吃这些食物”这件事，故填which。 页 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Lesson 10 教材衔接+语法填空虚词考点讲解——代冠连介+从句 Step 1：知识积累之听力填词训练 Tim and I talked a lot about his problems today, and I’m so glad that I could help my best friend. It also　 1 　（leave）me thinking about what it really means to be a “good friend”. In my opinion, the 　 2 　（follow） qualities form the basis of a friendship. A good friend needs to be 　 3 　（support）. I can see that Tim is having trouble 　 4 　（balance） his project and his schoolwork, and I can see that both are important to him. I must respect and support the 　 5 　（choose） he makes.I should also encourage him to take action to get 　 6 　 these difficulties. A good friend also needs to be 　 7 　（self）. Tim is someone 　 8 　I should try my best to help, even if it means more work for me. When he’s　 9 　（struggle）with his schoolwork, I should do all I can to help him become a more efficient 　 10 　（learn）. It’ll take up some of my spare time, but this friendship is worth my extra time and effort. I'm sure that Tim would do 　 11 　same for me. To me, a good friend brings out the best in a person. And I think Tim is the one who brings out the　 12 　（good） in me. Through our conversation today, I know that our friendship will grow 　 13 　（strong） than ever.I’ll always value these qualities of a good friend and try to measure myself by these standards as our friendship　 14 　（develop）. 词汇及短语归纳总结 1. In my opinion 在我看来：表示个人观点或看法 2. supportive adj. 支持的，拥护的；赞助的 3. having trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth 有困难做… 4. respect vt. 尊重, 敬佩 n. 尊敬, 尊重 考虑, 关心, 顾虑 细节, 方面 敬意, 问候 5. efficient adj. 有能力的, 效率高的 6. take up 拿起, 开始, 从事, 吸取, 接纳；占据 7. extra adv. 特别地，非常；另外 n. 额外的事物；临时演员；号外；adj. 额外的，另外收费的；特大的 Step 2：语法填空实词考点讲解——代冠连介+从句Section A—初高衔接小题练 Passage A My name is Tony. I'm a traffic policeman. I'm glad to hear that you are going on an outing tomorrow. For everyone's safety, I'll give you some advice on how 　1． 　 stay safe. First of all, you should take care of your own safety. You should always put safety first. Second, you should obey traffic safety rules. Don't cross the road 　2． 　 the green light is on. Some of you like to go hiking 　3． 　 bike. Don't forget to wear helmets when you ride your bike. You need to ride 　4． 　 the right. If there is 　5． 　 traffic accident, remember to call the accident telephone for help. Finally, you should care for each other and help each other. I hope you will have a good trip. Thank you. Passage B We'll never forget the special trip to Thailand. It was our first time to visit　6． 　 hot and wet city of Bangkok. All the smells made us try the food. We enjoyed something special for dinner. The hotel we stayed in was cheap and very clean. We planned to stay there for a few days and to visit some places in the city, and then traveled to Chiang Mai (清迈) in the north. Bangkok was wonderful and surprising! The places were interesting. We visited the famous place　7． 　was on the water, and saw a lot of fruit and vegetables. Everything was so colorful, and we took hundreds of photos there! Later we left　8． 　 Chiang Mai. We took a train to the north, stayed in Chiang Mai for two days, and then went to Chiang Rai (清莱) by bus. Our trip to Chiang Rai was long and boring. We visited a small village　9． 　 the foot of a mountain. The village people there loved the quiet life. We found that there were no computers　10． 　 phones there. Most of the houses were low and simple. They were the kindest people I had ever met. They always smiled and said "hello". My brother and I could only speak a few of Thai words, so smiling was the best way to show our kindness. I feel good there and hope to be able to go back there next year. Passage C When I was at the age of twelve, my mother taught me a valuable lesson that I will never forget. 　11． 　 was a sunny day. I was walking down the street with my mother when we met Mr. Brown. I could see Mr. Brown at any time around the neighbor. So I just stood there. Later, my mother said something wonderful, "It's the last time you went 　12． 　 somebody you know without opening your mouth, because it was impolite." At school, I slowly got used 　13． 　 saying "hello" and "see you tomorrow" to my teachers and people who swept our school. Now, it has become 　14． 　 habit to greet others. Now I speak to people I know if meeting them. When someone 　15． 　 hears you greet to him smiles happily, you will realize how powerful it is to say hello. Section B—题型及知识讲解 1：冠词（a/an/the） 定冠词（the）： 一独：独一无二的事物 二双：双方都知晓的事物 三方：方位名词 四级：the+最高级 五乐：the+（西洋）乐器 六姓：the +姓氏复数=某人一家 七形：the +形容词=一类人 八山：山河湖泊 九党：党派政府机关 十序：序数词 不定：（a/an） a+辅音音素 a boy an honest boy an hour an+元音音素 an apple a useful book a unique book 零冠词： 泛指复数日三餐；球类运动季节前；星期月份节假日；抽象国名或语种 2：介词 1） 介词+doing（in/on/at/of/for/from/with/without/by/about/after/upon） 2） 固定搭配：as a result of 3）（be） ed + by+ doing /反身代词/交通工具 3：连词 1）表示并列关系的并列连词有：and, both...and..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as等。 2）表示转折关系的并列连词有：but，yet，however，while等 3）表示选择关系的并列连词有：or, or else, either...or...,otherwise等。 4）表示因果关系的并列连词有：so, for, therefore等。 5）引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when，while，as，after，before, since, until, as soon as等 6) 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since等。 7) 引导地点状语从句的从属连词有：where，wherever等。 8) 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless, in case, as long as等。 9）引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that等。 10）引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：though, although, even though, however等。 11) 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as, as if, as though等。 12）引导比较状语从句的从属连词有：as, as...as..., not so...as..., than等。 13）引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so, so...that..., such...that...等。 4：代词 1）主格；宾格；物主代词；反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词物代 名词物代 反身代词 第一人称 单数 复数 第二人称 单数 复数 第三人称 单数 单数 单数 复数 2）指示代词 指示代词主要有： ①近指：this这个，these这些；也可指下文将要谈到的人或物。 ②远指：that那个，those那些，也可指上文提到的人或物。 3）one，ones, that, those, it做替代词时的用法： it 可以代替可数名词单数和不可数名词代替同类同物，只能指物。them/they是it的复数形式，代替复数名词 one同类异物，代替可数名词单数，表泛指，可以指人也可以指物。ones 是one 的复数，代替复数名词。 that用于同类比较中，代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，表特指，可以指人也可指物。 those 是that的复数，代替复数名词。 4）It 的用法 1）指时间，距离，天气，日期，温度等； It’s early spring, but it is already hot. 2）当说话者弄不清对方是谁，不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时； Someone is knocking at the door, who can it be? 3）作形式主语或形式宾语，代替to do, doing, 或从句； It is important for us to be cheerful when facing the trouble. 4）用于强调句型 “ It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who... ” It is years of hard work that made him what he is today. 5)用于固定搭配： It is a pity/a shame that... 真可惜/丢人 It is no wonder that... 难怪...... It seems/appears that ... 似乎/ 好像...... It looks/seems as if/ as though... 看起来好像...... It happens that ... 碰巧...... It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that... 某人突然想起...... It was/will be + 一段时间 + before从句过了/要过多久才...... It wasn’t/ won’t + 一段时间 + before从句没过多久就...... 6）other, others, the other和another的用法 ①.other表示泛指，意为“另外的、别的、其它的”。常与复数名词连用。 Other+复数名词=others ②.others：表示泛指，意为“别的人或物”，但不指剩下的全部。如： Many students are playing on the playground． Some are playing football；others(=other students) are playing basketball． ③.the other：表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用，也可后接单数名词。如： The old man has two sons． One is a worker，the other is a teacher． 注意：the others:可表示其余的全部且不止一个。如： ④.another常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”。它可单独使用，也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词，则表示“又、再、还”。如： This cap is too small for me． Show me another (one)． 7）all和both的用法 这两个词都可表示“都”，但all表示三者或三者以上的人或物，both则表示两个人或物。它们都表示肯定意义，但如果它们与not连用时，则表示部分否定。如： All of them are middle school students． His parents are both teachers． Both of his parents aren’t workers． All of the students aren’t here on time． 8）neither和either的用法 这两个词都可用于表示两个人或物。neither表示否定意义,意为“（两者中的每一个）都不”；而either则表示肯定意义，意为“（两者中的每一个）都”。它们用作代词时，可单独使用，也可同介词of连用。用作形容词时，则可用于修饰后面的单数名词。如： Neither of them can speak Chinese． Either of them can speak Chinese． There are trees on either side of the street． There are trees on neither side of the street． 9）few和little的用法 ①few用作不定代词时，可用于替代可数名词，表示否定意义。表示肯定意义时，则要用a few。此外，few还可用作形容词，用于修饰可数名词。如：Few students in this school can speak Japanese． ②little用作不定代词时，用于代替不可数名词，表示否定意义。表示肯定意义时，要用a little。用作形容词时，则要修饰不可数名词。如：He is now out of work and can earn little money． 不定代词的固定搭配： one another （三者或三者以上）互相 each other(两者)互相 one ... another... （三者或三者以上）一个....另一个.... one ... the other ... （两者中）一个....另一个.... some ... others... 一些....另一些.... 4：定语从句及名词性从句 定语从句：名词/代词之后的从句 the book（ that my mother bought） is nice The man （who is speaking with my mother） is my uncle 定语从句缺主语/宾语：——定语从句无what That（指人；指物；作主语；作宾语） which（指物；作主语；作宾语） Who（指人；作主语；作宾语） whom（指人；作宾语） whose 做定语—后面一定有名词（..的） The man whose job is pilot works hard 做状语：when where why how 只用that不用which 的情况 有最高级；序数词；主语有人又有物； 主语是疑问句；主句有all；some；any等不定代词 用which 的情况：逗号之后；介词之后 名词性从句：主语从句；宾语从句；表语从句；同位语从句 主语从句；从句在句中充当主语—谓语动词之前—what he said is true That he likes playing basketball is known to all 宾语从句；；从句在句中充当主语—动词之后—I don’t know what he said I don’t know whether he will go to school 表语从句：在从句中充当表语—be/感官动词之后— the good news is that he wins the fiirst prize 同位语从句：放在名词之后— The good news that he wins the fiirst prize surprises us Section C—高中同步训练 Passage A 1．Smoking is responsible________ many cases of lung cancer. 2．You have to balance the advantages________ the disadvantages of doing so. 3．I hope he proves equal________ the challenge. 4．Not all men are equal ________the ability. 5．We have confidence ________our team. 6．I like my job to be________ challenge. 7．________a result, the bad thing has been turned into a good one. 8．________ my disappointment, his behavior caused some misunderstanding between us. 9．If you take the time and effort to do this, you'll end up _________more friends. 10．Things can easily go wrong when people are________ stress. 11．________view of the weather, the event will be held indoors. 12．They struggled________ the strong snow and finally reached the farm. 13．Tom took the police to the spot________ the accident happened. 14．They knew about the accident. That is because they were________ the spot when it happened. 15．His argument________ the plan sounds reasonable. 16．The children are always arguing________ which TV programme to watch. 17．Do what you are told and don’t argue________ me. 18．________no account should you leave the door unlocked. 19．In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike. 20．The earthquake ____________ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history. Passage B 1．Please come and show　 　 (we) your photos. 2．　 　 all the students, Jim is the most careful. 3．You may be 　 　 danger if you don't be careful about the safety. 4．As we know, there will be no life on the earth 　 　 air. 5．Look! The man 　 　 the winning tickets 　 　 the stage is too happy to say a word. 6． Our aim should be to advance 　 　(we) skills on science. 7． I usually do 　 　(I) homework at half past seven in the evening. 8．He is good 　 　 singing,so he wants to join the music club. 9．My mother often helps me 　 　 my English. 10． Joe and his sister played 　 　 badminton yesterday afternoon, and my brother and I played 　 　 violin in the club. 11．　 　 Friday afternoon, I took a walk in the street. 12． Students in China often go to school from Monday 　 　 Friday. 13． The tourists who went to climb Mount Huang lost 　 　 (they) in the beautiful scenery there. 14．The official language of China is Putonghua, 　 　 the foreigners usually call Mandarin. 15．My painting is beautiful. His painting is　 　(beautiful) than　 　(I). 16．That is not Linda's pen. 　 　 (her) is green. 17． They don't like to eat out. They often cook meals by 　 　 (they) at home. Passage C Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world. Kung fu，1.   (especial), has had a great effect 2.    the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that, they may come to China and learn about some other 3.     (aspect) of this culture. Other Asian nations have long known about the 4.     (great) of ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are 5.     mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted Confucianism, something that continues today even as it 6.    (challenge) by pop culture. This strength comes from the ideas 7.     (give) in the Four Books of Confucianism, which built upon the ideas of an even 8.     (much) ancient period codified (编纂) in the Five Classics.From them, the West learns 9.     is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui.  So far China has taken steps 10.     (further) this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe. Section D—高考真题链接 Passage A The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It 1 (build) originally to protect the city 2 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall. After 4 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 5 (good) than to ride on a piece of history! We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 7 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 8 way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 9 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 10 (day) routines. Passage B Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is a     1     (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers     2     (carry) special significance. They represent the earth     3     (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country: Oranges: Orange trees are more     4     decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times     5     (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office.    6           (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated     7     health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy     8     (care) for and make great presents. Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The     9     (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are     10     first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life. Step 3：课后作业之听力训练+题型演练Section A—模考听力训练 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.How much will the man pay? A.800 yuan.　　　　　　　　　B.160 yuan.　　　　　　　　 C.560 yuan. 2.Where does the conversation probably take place? A.At a barber’s. B.At a banker’s. C.At a butcher’s. 3.Who is looking for a job? A.Ted. B.Betty. C.Mary. 4.How will the man go to London? A.On foot. B.By plane. C.By car. 5.What do the speakers mainly talk about? A.Taking a Chinese course. B.Taking a math course. C.Choosing universities. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。 6.What is Josh fond of? A.Rock and pop music. B.Piano and rock music. C.Pop music and violin. 7.Where is Jason Mraz from? A.Athens. B.Africa. C.America. 听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。 8.Why is Ed excited? A.He will go to school. B.His grandma will come and see him. C.He likes playing with other kids. 9.How will the woman and Ed go to the kindergarten when the weather is fine? A.By bus. B.On foot. C.By bike. 听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。 10.What is the woman doing now? A.She is having her hair cut. B.She is cutting the man’s hair. C.She is talking with her friends. 11.What does the woman complain to the man about? A.The expression. B.The speed. C.The attitude. 12.Why will the man go to talk to his manager? A.The man is going to give up the job. B.He would like to learn from the manager. C.The customer doesn’t want to pay for the haircut. 听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。 13.Where did Mary grow up? A.In Los Angeles. B.In New York City. C.In London. 14.What did Mary do on her 14th birthday? A.She saw a Harrison Ford movie. B.She saw her loved actor. C.She acted in her first film. 15.How did Mary’s mother feel about her acting? A.She didn’t want Mary to be like her. B.She didn’t take Mary seriously. C.She told Mary to make her own decision. 16.In what way does Mary look like her mother? A.They have the same eyes. B.Their noses look alike. C.They have the same skin color. 听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。 17.When was the Burj Dubai completed? A.In 2015. B.In 2009. C.In 2008. 18.Where is the center of the tallest buildings at present? A.In Europe and the Middle East. B.In Asia and the Middle East. C.In North America and Asia. 19.Why do people build so many tall buildings? A.Tall buildings are wonderful to look at. B.Tall buildings save more resources. C.People like to live in tall buildings. 20.What is the height of the Empire State Building? A.About 400 meters. B.About 200 meters. C.About 300 meters. Section B—课后阅读训练 Passage A How Learning Habits Influence Learning Results It’s useful and necessary.　　1　　(discuss) learning habits.There is a famous saying “Good habits lead to good endings”,.　　　2　　 shows the importance of habits.  “An apple a day keeps the doctor away” also　　3　　 (show) how a healthy everyday habit helps to build up our body.Therefore,good learning habits can help us gain great learning results 　　　　　4　　　　　(include) high scores and abundant knowledge.At first,learning habits form our ways of thinking and attitudes 　　　5 　　 the content of our learning.Obviously,a good habit can help us to speed up 　　　6　　(reach) our aims.As we can see, 　　　7　　(develop) a good habit is　　8 　　 important that I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habits—keep a learning diary every day.We can start the habit by writing learning summary and remember to record something impressive and 　　　9　　(mean).Keep it in mind,and gradually we can gain this good learning habit,which is　　　10　　　 (benefit) to us.  I believe that through my efforts,I can gain good learning results by having good habits. Passage B Lego is a company that makes toys in Denmark in Northern Europe. Lego's toys 　　　1　　(make) of plastic but Lego does not want customers to throw away Legos which they do not use anymore. It is testing a way to reuse Legos. Customers in the U. S. can go to 　　　2 　　(it) website. On the website, they can print a label(标签) for the mail. Then, customers can put their used Legos in a box and mail them back to Lego for free. Lego says once they get the box in the mail, they  　　　3 　　(clean)the toys. Then they will give the  　　　4 　　 (collect) Legos to Teach For America, a charity, which will donate the Legos to schools across the country. The toy company will wait to see if the test is  　　　5 　　(good) than before. If it is, Lego may expand the program into other  　　　6 　　 (country). The company usually tells its customers to keep their Legos 　　　 7 　　 give the toys to others. When thrown away, plastic does not 　　8　 　　(total) break down. It can't become  　　　9 　　 natural part of the soil. Instead, it breaks into tiny pieces. Birds and other wildlife might eat these pieces,  　　　 10 　　 is bad for their health. Lego is trying to find other materials to take the place of plastic. 页 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$nullnull