内容正文:
Grammar——复习时态
[对应学生用书第63页]
用动词适当的时态完成下面教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征
1.(教材P35)I’ve decided (decide)not to go to university.
2.(教材P35)Lawyers help people and are respected (respect)by others.
3.(教材P35)The music industry is developing (develop)fast now.
4.(教材P35)I remember when you were (be)his age, you said (say)that you wanted (want)to be a professional football player.
5.(教材P36)If you go to university and play music at the same time, you will have (have)two options for your future.
初中阶段, 同学们主要学习了以下五种时态:一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时和一般将来时。本单元复习这五种时态。
要点一 一般现在时
1.一般现在时的构成
主要由动词原形构成。动词be的第一人称单数形式用am, 第三人称单数形式用is, 其他人称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形式用has。实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则是:
变化规则
例词
一般情况直接加-s
hate—hates
结尾为-s、-x、-sh、-ch或-o, 在词尾加-es
discuss—discusses
wash—washes
teach—teaches
fix—fixes go—goes
结尾为“辅音字母+y”, 变y为i再加-es
carry—carries
study—studies
2.一般现在时的用法
(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always、every time、now and then、often、seldom、never、sometimes、usually、every day/night等连用。
He often goes to work by bus, and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day.
他经常乘公共汽车去上班, 而且每天饭后和妻子一块散步。
(2)表示普遍真理和客观事实。
Light travels faster than sound.
光比声音传播得快。
(3)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go、 arrive、 leave、 start、 stay、 return、 begin、 come等动词。
Look at the timetable. Hurry up!Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20.
看看时间表。快点儿吧!4026航班18:20起飞。
[名师点津]
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中, 从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
如果明天下雨, 我们就待在家里。
[对点训练1]
单句语法填空
①He usually gets (get)up at six o’clock every day.
②There is (be)some water in the bottle.
③We shall go to Shanghai on business before he comes (come)back next week.
要点二 一般过去时
1.一般过去时的构成
一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。规则动词的过去式的变化规则:
变化规则
例词
一般情况在动词后加-ed
look—looked
以-e结尾的动词后加-d
hope—hoped like—liked
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词, 变y为i再加-ed
study—studied try—tried
以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾, 词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加-ed
stop—stopped
prefer—preferred
admit—admitted
permit—permitted
2.一般过去时的用法
(1)表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often、usually、seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。
During his middle school years, he played football nearly every day.
他在中学时代几乎天天踢足球。
(2)表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态, 与现在没有关系, 常与yesterday、 the other day、 last week、 the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。
Tom wanted to help us yesterday, but he was very busy.
汤姆昨天想帮助我们, 但他太忙了。
[对点训练2]
单句语法填空
①We had (have)an exciting party last weekend.
②She didn’t visit (not visit)her parents last Sunday.
③What day was (be)it yesterday?
要点三 一般将来时
1.一般将来时的构成
由“shall/will+动词原形”构成。其中shall用于第一人称, will用于一切人称。
2.一般将来时的用法
表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow、 next year、 in+一段时间等连用。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
—What time is it?
——几点了?
—I have no idea. But just a minute, I will check it for you.
——我不知道。你稍等, 我给你查查。
3.其他表示“将来”的结构及用法
(1)“be going to+动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
Look, dark clouds are gathering. It is going to rain soon, I think.
瞧, 乌云正在聚集, 我想快要下雨了。
(2)“be to+动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。
You are to hand in your papers by 10 o’clock.
到10点你得交上试卷。
(3)“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事, 该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。
I was about to go to have dinner when he called me up.
我正要吃饭, 这时他给我打电话了。
[对点训练3]
单句语法填空
①I will leave (leave)for London next Monday.
②I’m afraid there will be (be)a meeting this afternoon.
③If you ask him, he will help (help)you.
要点四 现在进行时
1.现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由“am/is/are+现在分词”构成。现在分词的变化规则如下:
变化规则
例词
一般情况在词尾直接加-ing
ask—asking
以不发音的e结尾的动词, 去e再加-ing
write—writing
take—taking
face—facing
以重读闭音节结尾, 且末尾只有一个辅音字母, 双写该辅音字母再加-ing
cut—cutting
begin—beginning
swim—swimming
以-ie结尾的动词, 变-ie为y再加-ing
lie—lying
die—dying
2.现在进行时的用法
(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作, 虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
He is writing a book about Chinese history these days.
这些天他正在写一本关于中国历史的书。
(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作, 常用于go、come、leave、start、arrive、return、work、sleep、stay、have、wear、run out等动词。
Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there’s none left.
洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。
(3)表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等, 常与always、 constantly、 continually等副词连用。
He is always asking such simple questions.
他老是问这种简单的问题。
[对点训练4]
单句语法填空
①They are having (have)a meeting in the hall now.
②Mike is coming (come)here on Thursday.
③You are always interrupting (interrupt)me!
要点五 现在完成时
1.现在完成时的构成
现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成。
2.现在完成时的用法
(1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束, 而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语:already、just、yet、never、before、lately、recently、in the last(past)few days/years、up to now、till now、so far等。
He has already received three similar invitations this week.
本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。
(2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语:since+时间点; for+时间段等。
He has worked here for over twenty years.
他在这里工作已有20多年了。
[对点训练5]
单句语法填空
①I’m sorry. I have forgotten (forget)your name.
②He has taught (teach)in this school for 20 years.
③I love coming here and seeing all the friends I have made (make)over the years.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. In the last few years, China has made (make) great achievements in environmental protection.
2. He felt surprised to meet me in Beijing, for he didn’t know I was living (live)there.
3. It is the third time that he has won (win)a prize in the field of music.
4. If it turns (turn)cold again, they’ll dive back down. But they come out again if it is warm.
5. Don’t be always complaining (complain).
6. He was looking (look)for a house when he saw an advertisement in a newspaper one day.
7. Fast food is (be)full of fat and salt.
8. He told us the moon moves (move)around the earth.
9. This book sells (sell)well in our province.
10. Look, it is raining/is going to rain (rain).
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. I have persuaded my father to give up smoking for many times.
我已经多次劝说我父亲戒烟。
2. He is always considering how he could do more for the people.
他总是想着怎样才能为人们多做些事情。
3. This is the first time that I have been away from my family for such a long time.
这是我第一次离开家人这么长时间。
4. He once lived in London for many years, but he has never regretted his final decision to move back to China.
他曾经在伦敦生活多年, 但是他从来没后悔过最终搬回中国的决定。
5. This time next week I will/shall be in Scotland.
下周这个时候我就在苏格兰了。
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