2025届高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题魔法带练（03）讲义

一、高考英语阅读主旨大意题题型技法——宏观与微观 （1） 宏观三步法 第一步，迅速扫描题干，提取关键词（何谓关键词：关键词是人名、地点、数字等识别性的信息） 第二步，根据关键词，回文定位，找出关键信息 第三步，判断文章类型，根据文章类型，判断文章结构（一般情况下文章结构都是总分总） 浏览选项，根据原文信息对应选项。 （2） 各题型微观技法 1. 段落大意题： ①概括法：根据文章结构进行概括。（作者直接给出主旨） A. 总分总：一般情况下段落大意关键句都会出现在段首句或者段末句 B. 平行结构：也就是说文章某个段落同事讨论了两个观点，找出并列连接词比如说and C. 对比：也就是同样段落存在两个观点，这两个观点是相反的，找出转折连接词比如说however等信息词 ②揣摩法：作者不直接给出主旨，用尽一切方法暗示读者这是在说什么，这其中涵盖的可能是信息归纳或者上下义同义替换等技巧与方法 2. 文章大意题 略读法：注意每段段首句和段末句；段落其他信息尽量带过或者采取省略 注意：略读法需要注意转折词（however,but,in fact,actually....）或者首段出现疑问句对此回答极有可能的是主旨句；重复的观点或者反复出现的词汇或者短语；表达因果关联词或者总结词汇therefore、thus、in short、conclude、conclusion 3. 标题归纳题 ①正面推断法：同学们在全面了解文章主旨的基础上，根据已有的线索来推断哪个选项是合适的 ②反面推断法：先看选项，用常识排除无中生有的选项，然后逐个选项与文章主旨进行比较 ③选项精读法：从语法层面找出选项中心词与修饰词；尤其关注修饰词的变化、结构、概括性 2、 高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题魔法带练 【出自2023年高考英语浙江省1月卷】 ①Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. That引导表语从句；if引导条件状语从句 如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好跟上这股潮流。 段落大意：每个人可能对这种生活方式比较陌生，有点不太接受。 ②I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. Which引导非限制性定语从句 翻译：在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望你能从中得到鼓舞，如果你正在尽最大努力找出如何在一个不总是相互支持的家庭中做出改变的话。 段落大意：讲述作者对于这种零消耗的生活方式开始的经历以及感受 ③Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. 段落大意：讲述这个生活方式是一种本质性生活运动；可能数年之后又会变成流行 ④Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. 段落大意：当经历数个月之后这种形成潮流，这就是作者想要达到的目的 ⑤As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. 段落大意：当你改变自己的生活方式时，你可能会发现，如果别人对你的所作所为发表评论，你会想为自己说话，这可能会变成整个家庭的争论。 ⑥So here is my advice: Lead by action. 段落大意：动起来吧 1. What is the text mainly about? A. How to get on well with other family members. B. How to have one’s own personal space at home. C. How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household. D. How to control the budget when buying groceries. 第一步，迅速扫描题干，提取关键词（何谓关键词：关键词是人名、地点、数字等识别性的信息） 1. What is the text mainly about? .这篇文章的主要内容是什么?（注意的这是一个文章主旨题） 第二步，根据关键词，回文定位，找出关键信息 ①Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. 和室友住?你身边有朋友和家人吗?如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好跟上这股潮流。（注意这是疑问句抛出然后接着回答） ②I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. 当我五年前开始转向零浪费的生活方式时，我经历了这一点，当时我和父母住在一起，我和我丈夫也继续经历这一点，因为他不像我那样完全是零浪费。在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望你能从中得到鼓舞，如果你正在尽最大努力找出如何在一个不总是相互支持的家庭中做出改变的话。 第三步，判断文章类型，根据文章类型，判断文章结构（一般情况下文章结构都是总分总） 浏览选项，根据原文信息对应选项。 1. What is the text mainly about? 这篇文章的主要内容是什么 A. How to get on well with other family members.如何与其他家庭成员相处融洽 B. How to have one’s own personal space at home.如何在家里拥有自己的私人空间 C. How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.如何在家庭中实现零浪费的生活方式（直接对应） D. How to control the budget when buying groceries.购买食品杂货时如何控制预算 【出自2023年高考英语浙江省1月卷】 ①According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them. 段落大意：但所有这些增长将占用大量空间，尽管越来越多的人接受太阳能的概念，但很少有人喜欢在他们附近安装大型太阳能电池板。 ②Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil. 段落大意：太阳能开发商希望尽可能快速和廉价地安装电池板，所以他们没有考虑在电池板下面安装什么 ③“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫). 段落大意：太阳能项目需要成为好邻居，”创新场地准备和减少环境影响(InSPIRE)项目负责人乔丹·麦克尼克说。 ④Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms. 段落大意：在过去的几十年里，栖息地的丧失、农药的使用和气候变化导致了传粉昆虫数量的急剧下降，这损害了美国的农业经济。 ⑤Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick. 段落大意：在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商把太阳能电池板下的空间变成了各种传粉昆虫的庇护所，从而改善了土壤，减少了碳排放。 1. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D. Solar Farms: A New Development 第一步，迅速扫描题干，提取关键词（何谓关键词：关键词是人名、地点、数字等识别性的信息） 1. Which of the following is the best title for the text? 下面哪个是这篇文章最好的标题（这是标题归纳题） 第二步，根据关键词，回文定位，找出关键信息 ⑤Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick. ⑤在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间变成了各种传粉昆虫的庇护所，从而改善了土壤，减少了碳排放。“这些对传粉媒介友好的太阳能农场可以对景观中发生的一切产生宝贵的影响，”麦克尼克说。 第三步，判断文章类型，根据文章类型，判断文章结构（一般情况下文章结构都是总分总） 浏览选项，根据原文信息对应选项。 1. Which of the following is the best title for the text? 下面哪个是这篇文章最好的标题? A. Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay传粉者:离开或留下 B. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future太阳能:未来的希望 C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture 激励:农业的领导者 D. Solar Farms: A New Development太阳能农场:一个新的发展（直接对应） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$