Day 2 五种基本句型精讲精练-2024年英语初高中衔接大全(全国通用版)

2024-06-24
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Day 2五种基本句型精讲精练 【五种基本句型】 一个小故事搞定五种基本句型: 1.主谓宾 Monkey beat the pig. 猴子打二师兄。 2. 主谓 The pig sobbed. 二师兄啜泣了。 3. 主谓宾宾补 Monkey made the pig upset. 猴子让二师兄抑郁了。 4. 主谓双宾 Monkey gave pig a hug. 猴子给了二师兄一个拥抱。 5. 主系表 The pig became delighted. 二师兄变得高兴了。 以上为英语中的五种基本句型,高中阶段必须学会分析长难句,因此明确五种基本句型至关重要。下面我们将详细讲解五种句型。 1.主谓宾 (S+V+O) 该句式用于说明某人/某物做什么事即“谁+做+事”。谓语动词均为及物动词,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟一个宾语。 ①I appreciate your presence. 感谢您的出席。 ② She finished her homework ahead of time. 她提前完成了作业。 (划线部分为状语) ③ I grabbed the newspaper from the table. 我从桌上拿起了报纸。 (划线部分为状语) 2.主谓 (S+V) 该句型中谓语为不及物动词,本身可以表达完整意思,不需要宾语和补语,但有时会有副词、介词短语等状语修饰语。有时简单概括就是“谁+做” ① He never gives up.他从来不放弃。 ② Our efforts will pay off.我们的努力将有所回报。 ③ The boy left relectantly. 那个男孩不情愿地离开了。(划线部分为状语) 3.主谓宾宾补(S+V+O+OC) 句式中的动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的,直接跟在宾语之后。 ① We elected Tom our monitor . 我们选汤姆为我们的班长。 ②Every small kindness will make our world a better place. 每一个小小的善举,都将使世界更美好。 4.主谓间宾直宾 (S+V+IO+DO) 该句式中的谓语动词需接两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。表示人的是间接宾语;表示物的是直接宾语。间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。 ①His mother bought him a laptop. 他的妈妈给他买了一台笔记本电脑。 ② He gave people in need a helping hand . 他向有需要的人伸出援手。 5.主系表(S+V+P) 该句式系动词和表语二者缺一不可,侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样。表语多为形容词,也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。系动词要记牢,口诀如下: 五感五变三保持,一是一像永不忘 (1)五感: look , sound , smell , taste , feel (2)五变: grow , turn , get go , become , come , fall (3)三保持:keep , stay , remain (4)一是: be ( am , is , are , was , were ) (5)一像: seem ① The flowers smell sweet. 花闻起来很香。(形容词作表语) ② As the saying goes, one is never too old to learn. 正如谚语所说,活到老学到老。(不定式作表语) ③ Hearing the news, he seemed thrilled with joy. 听到这个消息,他激动雀跃。 ④We feel __________________ in school uniform every day.每天我们穿着校服感到很轻松。 【习题小练】 一、单项选择 1.Which two of the following sentences share the same sentence pattern? ①A friend of mine, in response to a conversation we were having about the injustices of life, asked me the question: “Who said life was going to be fair, or that it was even meant to be fair?” ②What the speaker referred to in his speech yesterday was unfamiliar to the general audience. ③On the other hand, many evolutionary biologists acknowledge some emotions are primarily for their survival function. ④The flowers in the garden appear vibrant and full of life after the refreshing rain shower. A.① and ② B.② and ③ C.② and ④ D.① and ④ 2.The sentence “We found him a strange person.” shares the same structure with________. A.That smile made me a lot relaxed. B.The facilities are impressive. C.He gave me a smile. D.I explored the world with eagerness. 3.Jack remind himself ________ up early by setting an alarm. This sentence pattern belongs to ________. A.to get, SVO; B.to get, SVOC; C.of getting, SVOO; D.of getting, SVA; 4.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. (判断句子结构类型) A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+O+C D.S+V+IO+DC 5.The sentence structure of “A balanced diet keeps the body healthy.” is ______. A.SVO B.SVOO C.SVOC D.SVP 6.The sentence structure of “The humorous joke made us laugh in class.” is ______. A.SVO B.SVOO C.SVOC D.SV 7.The sentence structure (结构) of “The tips below may help you.” is ______. A.SVP B.SVOO C.SVOC D.SVO 8.Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea!The basic structure of the sentence above is_______. A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+P D.S+V+O+C 9.Which structure is right ? A.Your father is ill in bed. ( S + V ) B.Your friend fell down. ( S + V + O ) C.Your team won the match. ( S + V + O + OC ) D.He seems ill. ( S + V + P ) 10.Which of the following sentence structures is different from the others ? A.I often hear some birds sing in the park. B.My father bought me a toy train yesterday. C.The robot brought some trouble to me D.Amy showed me some pictures of her family. 二、写出下列句子的句式结构 11.They work hard. ___________ 12.The flower is dead. ___________ 13.Plants need water. ___________ 14.He gives me some seeds. ___________ 15.He is a scientist. ___________ 16.He lent me a dictionary. ___________ 17.Shall I leave you the camera? ___________ 18.We find the book very interesting. ___________ 19.My uncle bought me an e­dictionary. ___________ 20.Singing makes me happy. ___________ 21.Pandas live in China. ___________ 22.My brother bought me a book yesterday. ___________ 三.判断以下句子的主干部分属于哪一种结构 A.主+谓   B.主+系+表   C.主+谓+宾   D.主+谓+宾+宾补   E.主+谓+双宾语 23.After about a month, I noticed some tiny green shoots coming out of the cut branches which eventually tu med into full-on bright green leaves. _________ 24.According to a recent study led by Daniel Arely, a professor of psychology at Harvard University, Braden has ADHD, a type of attention disorder, which, she says, makes her “likely to put things in certain places and not remember where I put them.” ___________ 25.For Professor Li, the book is not only a record of the natural landscape over 1, 000 years ago, but also a detailed description of humanity and culture and a treasure for today’s reference. ___________ 26.Its crystal-clear night skies and high altitude make it a natural, educational and astronomical heritage site in the southern half of the earth. ___________ 27.In 2017, the Ramon Crater, located in the Negev Desert in Israel, became the first designated dark sky park in the Middle East. ___________ 28.The sun was shining in Utrecht, the Netherlands, when my friend Rini and I set off for England by car. ___________ 29.In 1916, two girls of we alt by families best friends from Au bum, N.Y. —Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to tea china one-room schoolhouse. ___________ 30.After we went into a different organization, which had been introduced by our teacher, an OIC representative gave us some details, which somewhat interested me. ___________ 31.The moment we felt ready to die, the man, Clifford Harker, coming with his dog, told us he owned the farm we had passed and he would leave the way to his farmhouse. ___________ 32.In general, Broaders advise parents and other adults to try to be aware of their hands when questioning a child about an event. ___________ 三、翻译 33.由于地区比赛,今天有5名同学缺席。(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 34.这场演出的舞台设计制造了神秘的视觉效果。(visual) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 35.她不但很博学,而且还非常乐于助人。(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________ 36.你应该依次填写这些表。(主语+谓语+宾语+状语)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 37.这次修车花了我两千元。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 38.奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。(双宾语结构)(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________ 39.这个年轻人设法及时完成了这项工作。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 40.我是一名高中生,我的高中生活很有压力。(stressful)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案: 1.C 【详解】考查句子结构。①句意:我的一个朋友在回答我们关于生活中不公正的对话时问我一个问题:“谁说生活会是公平的,或者说生活本来就是公平的?”分析句子结构,本句的主干部分是:A friend of mine asked me the question,为主谓宾宾结构,主语是A friend of mine,谓语是asked,me是间接宾语,the question是直接宾语。conversation后为一个省略关系词的定语从句,引号内是一个特殊疑问句,包含or连接的宾语从句,作said的宾语。 ②句意:演讲者在昨天的演讲中提到的内容,一般听众并不熟悉。分析句子结构,本句是一个主系表结构,其中主语为What引导的主语从句,系动词是was,表语是unfamiliar to the general audience。 ③句意:另一方面,许多进化生物学家承认,一些情绪主要是为了它们的生存功能。分析句子结构,本句是一个主谓宾结构,主语是many evolutionary biologists,谓语是acknowledge,宾语为省略that的宾语从句some emotions are primarily for their survival function。 ④句意:清新的阵雨过后,花园里的花朵显得生机勃勃。分析句子结构,本句是一个主系表结构,主语为The flowers in the garden,系动词是appear,表语是vibrant and full of life。 综上可知,句子结构一致的是②和④。故选C。 2.A 【详解】考查句子结构。句意:句子“We found him a strange person.”和“That smile made me a lot relaxed.”结构相同。A. That smile made me a lot relaxed.那个微笑让我放松了很多;B. The facilities are impressive.设施令人印象深刻;C. He gave me a smile.他给了我一个微笑;D. I explored the world with eagerness.我热切地探索这个世界。分析题干中的句子可知,We是主语,found是谓语,him是宾语,a strange person是宾补,为“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构,A项中的句子和该句结构相同,That smile是主语,made是谓语,me是宾语,a lot relaxed是宾补。B项是“主+系+表”结构;C项是“主+谓+间宾+直宾”结构;D项是“主+谓+宾+状”结构。故选A。 3.B 【详解】考查固定短语和基本句型。句意:杰克设闹钟提醒自己要早起。第一空为短语remind oneself to do sth.表示“提醒自己做某事”;主语为Jack;remind为谓语,himself为宾语,to get up early为宾补,这个句型属于SVOC。故选B。 4.C 【详解】考查基本句型。句意:我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好和乐于助人。分析句子结构可知,“I”作主语,“found”作谓语,“most of my classmates and teachers”作宾语,“friendly and helpful”作宾语补足语,所以本句是S+V+O+C结构。故选C项 5.C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意:“均衡的饮食使身体健康”这个句子的结构是“主谓宾补”。A. SVO主谓宾;B. SVOO主谓宾宾;C. SVOC主谓宾补;D. SVP主系表。分析句子可知,A balanced diet“均衡的饮食”是句子的主语,keeps“使”是句子的谓语,the body“身体”是句子的宾语,healthy“健康”是句子的补足语,因此句子的结构是“主谓宾补”。故选C。 6.C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意:“这个幽默的笑话使我们在课堂上大笑”这个句子的结构是“主谓宾补”。A. SVO主谓宾;B. SVOO主谓宾宾;C. SVOC主谓宾补;D. SV主谓。分析句子可知,The humorous joke“这个幽默的笑话”是句子的主语,made“使”是句子的谓语,us“我们”是句子的宾语,laugh in class“在课堂上大笑”是句子的补足语,因此句子的结构是“主谓宾补”。故选C。 7.D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意:下面的建议可能会对你有所帮助。The tips below是主语(S);may help是谓语(V);you是宾语(O),该句的句子结构是:主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)。故选D。 8.C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:当你在海上的时候,学习和做作业似乎更有趣!A. S+V(主+谓) ;B. S+V+O(主+谓+宾) ;C. S+P(主+表); D. S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)。分析句子可知,主句中Studying and doing homework 为主语, seem为系动词,much more fun为表语;从句中you为主语,are为系动词,at sea为表语,所以本句的基本结构为主系表结构。故选C项。 9.D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意:哪种结构是正确的?A. Your father is ill in bed. ( S + V ) 你父亲卧病在床,(主+谓结构);B. Your friend fell down. ( S + V + O ) 你的朋友摔倒了,(主+谓+宾结构);C. Your team won the match. ( S + V + O + OC ) 你们队赢了比赛,(主+谓+宾+宾补结构);D. He seems ill. ( S + V + P ) 他好像病了,(主+谓+表语结构)。分析句子结构可知,A项是主系表结构;B项是主谓结构;C项是主谓宾结构;D项是主系表结构。故选D。 10.A 【详解】考查句子结构。选项A为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”结构,省略to不定式sing in the park是宾语some birds的补语;其他三个句子都是“主语+谓语+双宾语”结构。故选A项。 11.主+谓+状 12.主+系+表 13.主+谓+宾 14.主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语 15.主+系+表 16.主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语 17.主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语 18.主+谓+宾+宾语补足语 19.主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语 20.主+谓+宾+宾语补足语 【解析】11.考查句式结构。句意:他们努力工作。分析句子结构可知,句子结构是“主+谓+状”,主语是They,谓语是不及物动词work,hard为副词作状语。故填“主+谓+状”。 12.考查句式结构。句意:这花死了。分析句子结构可知,句子结构是“主+系+表”,主语是The flower,系动词是is,表语是形容词dead,故填“主+系+表”。 13.考查句式结构。句意:植物需要水。分析句子结构可知,句子结构是“主+谓+宾”,主语是Plants,谓语是need,宾语是名词water,故填“主+谓+宾”。 14.考查句式结构。句意:他给了我一些种子。分析句子结构可知,句子结构是“主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语”,主语是He,谓语是及物动词gives,间接宾语是me,直接宾语是some seeds,故填“主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语”。 15.考查句式结构。句意:他是一位科学家。分析句子结构可知,句子结构是“主+系+表”,主语是He,系动词是is,表语是名词a scientist,故填“主+系+表”。 16.考查句式结构。句意:他借给我一本字典。分析句子结构可知,句子结构是“主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语”,主语是He,谓语是及物动词lent,间接宾语是me,直接宾语是a dictionary,故填“主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语”。 17.考查句式结构。句意:我把照相机留给你好吗?本句是一般疑问句,改为陈述句是I shall leave you the camera,分析句子结构可知,句子结构是“主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语”,主语是I,谓语是shall leave,间接宾语是you,直接宾语是the camera,故填“主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语”。 18.考查句式结构。句意:我们发现这本书很有趣。分析句子结构可知,句子结构是“主+谓+宾+宾语补足语”,主语是We,谓语是及物动词find,宾语是the book,宾语补足语是very interesting,故填“主+谓+宾+宾语补足语”。 19.考查句式结构。句意:我叔叔给我买了一本电子词典。分析句子结构可知,句子结构是“主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语”,主语是My uncle,谓语是及物动词bought,间接宾语是me,直接宾语是an e­dictionary,故填“主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语”。 20.考查句式结构。句意:唱歌使我快乐。分析句子结构可知,句子结构是“主+谓+宾+宾语补足语”,主语是Singing,谓语是makes,宾语是me,宾语补足语是形容词happy。故填“主+谓+宾+宾语补足语”。 21.主语:Pandas 谓语:live 地点状语:in China 22.主语:My brother 谓语:bought 宾语:me作间接宾语,a book作直接宾语 时间状语:yesterday 【解析】21.考查句子。句意:熊猫生活在中国。主语:Pandas 谓语:live 地点状语:in China。故填主语:Pandas 谓语:live 地点状语:in China。 22.考查句子。句意:我哥哥昨天给我买了一本书。主语:My brother 谓语:bought 宾语:me作间接宾语,a book作直接宾语 时间状语:yesterday。故填主语:My brother 谓语:bought 宾语:me作间接宾语,a book作直接宾语 时间状语:yesterday。 23.D 24.C 25.B 26.D 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.E 31.E 32.D 【解析】23.考查句子结构。句意:大约一个月后,我注意到一些绿色的小芽从剪下来的树枝上长出来,最终变成了明亮的绿色叶子。分析可知,句子主干主语为I,noticed为谓语,some tiny green shoots为宾语,coming out of the cut branches为宾补。故选D。 24.考查句子结构。句意:根据哈佛大学心理学教授丹尼尔·阿雷里最近领导的一项研究,布雷登患有注意力缺陷多动症(ADHD),这是一种注意力障碍,她说,这让她“有可能把东西放在某些地方,却不记得我把它们放在哪里了。”分析可知,句子主干主语为Braden;has为谓语,ADHD为宾语,故选C。 25.考查句子结构。句意:对于李教授来说,这本书不仅记录了一千多年前的自然景观,而且详细描述了人文和文化,是今天参考的宝藏。分析可知,句子主干主语为the book,is为系动词,后文not only a record of the natural landscape over 1, 000 years ago, but also a detailed description of humanity and culture and a treasure for today’s reference为表语。故选B。 26.考查句子结构。句意:清澈的夜空和高海拔使它成为地球南半部的自然、教育和天文遗产。分析可知,句子主干主语为Its crystal-clear night skies and high altitude;make为谓语,it为宾语,a natural, educational and astronomical heritage site in the southern half of the earth为宾补,故选D。 27.考查句子结构。句意:2017年,位于以色列内盖夫沙漠的拉蒙陨石坑成为中东第一个指定的黑暗天空公园。分析可知,句子主干主语为the Ramon Crater;became为系动词,the first designated dark sky park in the Middle East为表语,故选B。 28.考查句子结构。句意:当我和朋友里尼开车去英国的时候,荷兰的乌得勒支阳光灿烂。分析可知,句子主干主语为The sun;was shining为谓语,故选A。 29.考查句子结构。句意:1916年,我们家最好的朋友——多萝西·伍德拉夫和罗莎蒙德·安德伍德——从纽约奥布姆来到落基山脉的一个定居点,住在一间只有一间教室的茶具校舍。分析可知,句子主干主语为Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood,traveled为谓语,a settlement为宾语,故选C。 30.考查句子结构。句意:在我们进入一个由老师介绍的不同的组织后,一位OIC代表给了我们一些细节,这让我有点感兴趣。分析可知,句子主干主语为an OIC representative;gave为谓语,us为间接宾语,some details为直接宾语,故选E。 31.考查句子结构。句意:就在我们觉得快要死了的那一刻,克利福德·哈克带着他的狗走过来,告诉我们我们经过的那个农场是他的,他会离开去他的农舍的路。分析可知,句子主干主语为the man,told为谓语,us为间接宾语,he owned the farm为直接宾语,故选E。 32.考查句子结构。句意:总的来说,布罗德斯建议父母和其他成年人在询问孩子关于某件事的问题时,尽量注意自己的手。分析可知,句子主干主语为Broaders,advise为谓语;parents and other adults为宾语,to try to be aware of their hands为宾补。故选D。 33.Five students are absent today due to a regional competition. 【详解】考查固定短语和基本句型。句子描述的为“现在”的情况,使用一般现在时。介词短语“由于”为“due to”,“一场地区比赛”为“a regional competition”,则“由于地区比赛”翻译为“due to a regional competition”,它在句子中作状语。翻译“有5名同学缺席”可以使用“主系表”的句子结构,“今天”为“today”,主语“5名同学”为“five students”,“缺席”为“absent”,则“今天有5名同学缺席”翻译为“Five students are absent today.”。故“由于地区比赛,今天有5名同学缺席。”翻译为:Five students are absent today due to a regional competition. 34.The stage design of the show created a mysterious visual effect. 【详解】考查句子结构和动词时态。句子使用主谓宾结构,主语“这场演出的舞台设计”应用the stage design of the show;谓语“创造了”应用create,陈述过去发生的事情,使用一般过去时;宾语“神秘的视觉效果”应用a mysterious visual effect。故翻译成:The stage design of the show created a mysterious visual effect.。 35.She is not only very knowledgeable, but also very helpful. 【详解】考查主系表结构,固定短语和时态。分析句子结构和意思可知,这句话用主系表的结构。这句话描述的是现在的事实,时态用一般现在时,主语是she,be动词用is;表示“不但…而且…”应用固定短语not only…but also…连接并列成分;表示“很”应用副词very;表示“博学”应用形容词knowledgeable;表示“乐于助人”应用形容词helpful。故翻译为She is not only very knowledgeable, but also very helpful. 36.You should fill in/fill out the/these forms one by one/in order. 【详解】考查情态动词、固定搭配、名词。分析句子结构可知,该句是“主语+谓语+宾语+状语”结构,主语是“你”用you来表示;“应该”用情态动词should;“填写”用固定搭配fill in或fill out来表示,放在情态动词后面,动词fill应用原形;“表”用form,“这些表”用the forms或these forms来表示,作fill in或fill out的宾语;“依次”用one by one或in order来表示,作状语。故整句可翻译为:You should fill in/fill out the/these forms one by one/in order。 37.The car cost me 2,000 yuan for the repair. (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 【详解】考查时态和句型。根据中文提示,本句为一般过去时;主语是the car,谓语动词是cost,再结合其它汉语提示,故本句译为:The car cost me 2,000 yuan for the repair. (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 38.Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 【详解】考查动词和时态。“奶奶”是grandma,“昨晚”是last night,“给某人讲一个故事”是tell sb. a story,句子描述过去的事情,时态用一般过去时,tell用过去式told,“有趣的”是interesting,是元音音素开头,“一个有趣的故事”表达为an interesting story;故此句翻译为:Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 39.The young man managed to finish the work in time. (主+谓+宾+状) 【详解】考查时态和句型。根据中文提示,本句为一般过去时;主语是the young man,谓语动词为manage to do sth,宾语为the work,再结合其它汉语提示,故本句译为:The young man managed to finish the work in time. (主+谓+宾+状) 40.I am a high school student, and my high school life is very stressful. 【详解】考查句子结构。根据句意可知,本句描述现实状况,用一般现在时,注意主谓一致。表示“我是一名高中生”为I am a high school student,为主系表句型;表示“我的高中生活很有压力”为my high school life is very stressful,是主系表句型,形容词stressful作表语,由连词and连接并列句。译为I am a high school student, and my high school life is very stressful. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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Day 2 五种基本句型精讲精练-2024年英语初高中衔接大全(全国通用版)
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Day 2 五种基本句型精讲精练-2024年英语初高中衔接大全(全国通用版)
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