02 必修三 Unit 2 The World of Science - 2025年新高考英语一轮总复习筑基培优方案（外研版2019）

必修第三册 Unit 2 知识背诵清单通关练 （第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量+核心词汇之转换词形词性 （第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固 （第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固 （第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固 （第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练 （第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.contribution n. 贡献 2．shortage n. 短缺，不足，缺乏 3．fund v. 为……提供资金，资助 4．recycle v. 再利用，回收利用 5．earn v. 挣(钱) 6．perseverance n. 不屈不挠，坚持不懈 7．reality n. 真实，现实 8．extend v. 持续；延伸 9．mission n. 职责；使命 10．confirmation n. 证实，证明 11．aid v. 帮助，援助 12．chief adj. 最高级别的，首席的 13．major adj. 重要的，主要的 14．treatment n. 治疗；疗法 15．obtain v. 获得，得到 16．further adj. 更多的，附加的 17.internal adj. 内部的 18．fountain n. 喷水池 19．foundation n. 基金会 20．insight n. 顿悟，猛醒 21．disease n. 疾病，病 22．sensitive adj. 敏感的，容易生气的 23．cancer n. 癌症 24．royal adj. 王室的，皇家的 25．institution n. 机构，团体 26．registration n. 登记，注册 27．military n. 军队 28．drug n. 药物，药材 29．certificate n. 证明书，证书 30．ministry n. (政府的)部 核心词汇之转换词形词性 1.relief n. 减轻，缓解→relieve v. 解除，减轻，缓和；减轻→relieved adj. 宽慰的 2．effective adj. 有效的，产生预期效果的→effect n. 效应；影响；结果→effectiveness n. 效率→effectively adv. 有效地 3．donate v. 捐赠，捐献→donation n. 捐赠物；捐赠；赠送 4．disability n. 残疾，残障→disable v. 使伤残，使丧失能力；使无效→disabled adj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的 5．generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的→generously adv. 慷慨地→generosity n. 慷慨，大方 6．hesitate v. 迟疑，犹豫→hesitant adj. 犹豫的，迟疑的→hesitation n. 犹豫，踌躇 7．assistance n. 帮助，援助→assist v. 帮助；协助；援助；促进→assistant n. 助理；助手　adj. 助理的；副的 8．achievement n. 成绩，成就→achieve v. (凭长期努力)达到(某目标、地位、标准)；完成；成功 （第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固 1．make a difference 有影响 2．make contributions to 为……做贡献 3．make money for 为……赚钱 4．under control 被控制住，得到控制 5．have trouble (in) doing sth 在做某事方面有困难 6．be determined to do sth 决心做某事 7．be grateful to 感激；感谢 8．turn out 最后是，结果发现；关掉；(天气)变好 9．break into a smile 突然笑起来 10．benefit from 从……中受益 11．not only ... but also ... 不但……而且…… 12．be/feel confident about 对……有信心 13．cheer up (使)振作起来；(使)高兴起来 14．be suitable for 适合…… 15．be involved in 卷入，涉及 16．in danger 处境危险 17．keep records of 记录 18．at one point 一度，在某一时刻，在某处 19．rise to one's feet 站起身来 20．pass away 离开，去世 21．escape from 逃离，逃脱 22．make use of 利用；使用 第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固 ① relief n. 减轻，缓解(教材P13) 　 单句语法填空 ①I'm ________ (relieve) to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think. ②(牛津高阶)The new secretary will relieve us ________ some of the paperwork. 答案：①relieved　②of 　 一句多译 ③(牛津高阶)我最庆幸的是我没有迟到。 ____________________， I wasn't late. ＝____________________， I wasn't late. 答案：③To my great relief; Much to my relief ② earn v. 挣(钱)(教材P14) 　单句语法填空 ①My dad's words made me realize that my ________ (earn) might not be mine to do with as I wished. ②How did you spend the money ________ (earn) from your part­time jobs? 答案：①earnings　②earned 　 单句表达 ③(剑桥高阶)你别指望靠画画能维持生计。 You can't expect to ________________ from your painting. ④(朗文当代)这家公司赢得了可靠的声誉。 The company has ________________ for reliability. 答案：③earn a living　④earned a reputation ③ donate v. 捐赠，捐献(教材P15) 　 单句语法填空 ①This has led companies and individuals to donate money ________ developing countries to buy computer equipment and internet facilities. ②Many ________ (donate) have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long－term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money. ③By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for ________ (donate) or to be returned to their owners. 答案：①to　②donators　③donation 　 单句表达 ④(中国日报)近年来，互联网在北京普及了植树(活动)，使人们能够参与植树、了解植物并为植树捐款。 In recent years, the internet has popularized tree planting in Beijing, enabling people to come and plant trees, learn about plants and ________________________． 答案：④donate money for tree planting ④ reality n. 真实，现实(教材P15) 　 单句语法填空 ①(朗文当代)The paperless office may one day become a ________ (realize). ②(剑桥高阶)It isn't ________ (realize) to expect people to work for so little money. ③(牛津高阶)The house looks very old, but ________ reality it's quite new. 答案：①reality　②realistic　③in 　 单句表达 ④(中国日报)虽然目前只有少数消费者关注饮食细节，如减少糖摄入量和少吃加工食品，但他们意识到正确处理这些细节的重要性。 While only a minority of customers are currently attending to dietary details, such as reducing sugar intake and eating less processed foods, they ________________________ getting these details right. 答案：④are realizing the importance of ⑤ hesitate v. 迟疑，犹豫(教材P18) 　 单句语法填空 ①(牛津高阶)She agreed without the slightest ________ (hesitate). ②When they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won't hesitate ________ (open) them and walk through. 答案：①hesitation　②to open 　 单句表达 ③(中国日报)如果当地渔民发现聪明的海洋生物处在危机之中，他们会毫不犹豫地帮助它们，并将它们从危险中解救出来。 If the local fishermen spot the intelligent sea creatures in need, they will ______________________ and rescue them from danger. 答案：③help them without hesitation ⑥ aid v. 帮助，援助(教材P20) 　 单句语法填空 ①(剑桥高阶)He gets about ________ the aid of a walking stick. ②Here are a few tips to aid you ________ (win) over everyone in the neighborhood quickly. 答案：①with　②to win 　 单句表达 ③(朗文当代)我们正在筹款资助癌症研究。 We're collecting money ________________ cancer research. 答案：③in aid of ⑦ achievement n. 成绩，成就(教材P21) 　单句语法填空 ①Finally, his goal of starting a company ________ (achieve) in 1996. ②List all of your accomplishments and ________ (achieve). 答案：①was achieved　②achievements 　 单句表达 ③(中国日报)通过成员城市对本地文化发展经验的认可和交流，长沙已经实现了在全球化环境中倡导和维护文化多样性的目标。 Through the recognition and exchange of member cities' experience in promoting local cultural development, Changsha ____________________ to advocate and maintain cultural diversity in a globalized environment. 答案：③has achieved its goal ① under control 得到控制；被控制住(教材P13) 　单句语法填空 ①(朗文当代)The possibility of employing more staff is still under ________ (discuss). ②(朗文当代)Four new power stations are currently ________ construction. 答案：①discussion　②under 　 一句多译 ③(牛津高阶)酒店目前正在维修中。 The hotel _______________________________________________________. ＝The hotel ___________________________________________________. 答案：③is currently under repair; is currently being repaired ② rise to one's feet 站起身来(教材P21) 　单句语法填空 ①(牛津高阶)Now that you're growing up you must learn to stand on your own two ________ (foot). ②The wounded soldier struggled ________ his feet and continued walking along with difficulty. ③(朗文当代)It takes about 30 minutes ________ foot, or 10 minutes by car. 答案：①feet　②to　③on 　 单句表达 ④(剑桥高阶)她走进来时，他站了起来。 He ____________________ when she walked in. 答案：④rose to his feet on doing sth 一……就…… On leaving school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France.(教材P20)一离开学校，温顿就先后在德国和法国的银行工作。 (1)on doing sth表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 (2)类似的还有： once doing sth 一旦做某事 when/while doing sth 当做某事时 after doing sth 做完某事后 　单句语法填空 ①On ________ (see) the teacher coming into the classroom, all students stood up. ②After ________ (struggle) for quite a while, I made a difficult decision—leaving my job and studying my design course full time. ③Once, when ________ (try) a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand. 答案：①seeing　②struggling　③trying 　 一句多译 ④下班后一回到家，妈妈就开始忙着为全家人准备晚饭。 ________________________， Mum began to be busy preparing supper for the whole family. ＝____________________________， Mum began to be busy preparing supper for the whole family. 答案：④On arriving home after work; As soon as she arrived home after work （第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(剑桥高阶)It was such a ________ (relieve) to hear that Marta was found safe and well. 答案：relief 2．(剑桥高阶)Any ________ (hesitate) on the part of the government will be seen as weakness. 答案：hesitation 3．(2019·江苏高考)The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical ________ (assist). 答案：assistance 4．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one－off ________ (treat) that would last the plant's lifetime. 答案：treatment 5．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Language researchers say pronunciation and fluency are the biggest barriers, followed by grammar in ________ (effect) spoken English. 答案：effective 6．(中国日报)In recognition of his service and contribution ________ the nation, Lu Yuanjiu was one of 29 Party members awarded the July 1 Medal, the Party's highest honor. 答案：to 7．(中国日报)The dream of shaking off poverty coming true for Xihaigu people in the drama has now also become a ________ (real). 答案：reality 8．(2020·天津高考)It produces a deafening sound so painful that it ________ (temporary) disables a person. 答案：temporarily 9．(剑桥高阶)The ________ (major) of the employees have university degrees. 答案：majority 10．(牛津高阶)He treated them with ________ (generous) and thoughtfulness. 答案：generosity Ⅱ.选词填空 make a difference; earn money; turn out; set up; under control; benefit from; pass away; rise to one's feet; keep records of; break into a smile 1．(柯林斯词典)Firemen said they had the blaze ____________． 答案：under control 2．(朗文当代)You don't ________ much ________ being a nurse. 答案：earn; money 3．When the little girl saw her birthday presents, she ____________． 答案：broke into a smile 4．(剑桥高阶)A committee has ____________ to organize social events in the college. 答案：been set up 5．(2021·全国乙卷)But does one plastic straw or cup really ____________？ 答案：make a difference 6．(中国日报)Back in Egypt, my own grandparents had ____________ before I was born. It was in Shanxi that I felt the love from grandparents for the first time. 答案：passed away 7．All the staff ____________ when the boss came into the room. 答案：rose to their feet 8．(中国日报)Residents have ____________ the improved environment. Their sense of happiness and achievement has been greatly boosted. 答案：benefited from 9．(中国日报)The radar can detect drones that as small as a tennis ball, even they are many kilometers away. The radar can track drones and ____________ their movements. 答案：keep records of 10．(牛津高阶)No one could have foreseen that things would ____________ this way. 答案：turn out Ⅲ.单句表达 1．(朗文当代)烟雾浓得他们连门厅的对面都看不到。 There was ____________________ they couldn't see across the hallway. 答案：so much smoke that 2．我想说的是你最好休息一会儿。 __________________________ is that you'd better to have a rest. 答案：What I want to say 3．(2021·全国甲卷)我们看得越多，就越会发现性别、种族和阶级等社会因素并不能决定天才的出现。 ____________ we look, ____________ we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race and class do not determine the appearance of genius. 答案：The more; the more 4．(牛津高阶)我一到家就发现家中被盗。 ________________________ I discovered the burglary. 答案：On arriving home/On my arrival home 5．(中国日报)课后服务的对象是那些家长无法在放学时间接孩子的学生。 After－school services are intended for students whose parents ________________ picking them up when school hours end. 答案：have trouble in （第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练 名词和数词 考点三 派生名词 1.动词转化成名词 后缀 典例 -ion/-tion/-sion/-ation correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝(活动) discuss→discussion讨论；论述 decide→decision决定 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 -er/-or gather→gatherer收集者，采集者 teach→teacher老师 direct→director导演 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员 -ment punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement功绩；成就 argue→argument辩论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗 -ance/-ence appear→appearance出现；外貌 guide→guidance指引；指导 exist→existence存在；生活 prefer→preference偏爱 -ure/-ture fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合；混合物 -ing hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始 -y recover→recovery恢复，痊愈 discover→discovery发现 其他 choose→choice选择 vary→variety多样化；种类 tend→tendency趋向，趋势 2.形容词转化成名词 后缀 例词 -age short→shortage不足，短缺 -cy efficient→efficiency效率；功效 fluent→fluency流利，流畅 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私，私密 -dom free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom明智；智慧 -ence different→difference差异 silent→silence沉默 -ness weak→weakness虚弱；弱点 kind→kindness仁慈，友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意 rich→richness富有；丰富 -th strong→strength力气；优势 long→length长度 warm→warmth温暖；热情 grow→growth成长 -y/-ty/-ity honest→honesty诚实 difficult→difficulty困难 safe→safety安全 cruel→cruelty残忍 disable→disability缺陷；伤残 responsible→responsibility责任 即学即练 单句语法填空 1．Not everyone has the strength or ________ (determine) to climb its tall steps and steep slopes (斜坡)．[2023·泉州市高中毕业班质量监测一] 2．Zhang's ________ (prepare) that went into producing this particular work shows the very modern way that the artist tries to understand the subject matter.[2023·武汉市部分学校调研] 3．She provided medical ________ (equip), clean water and fruits. With this work the death rate decreased to 2.2%.[2023·河北省模拟] 4．These days, doctors are using a new approach to healing, which is called tapping. This approach combines ________ (wise) from Chinese medicine with talk therapy (治疗)．[2023·辽宁高三联考] 5．Meanwhile, a big tourism company said its rural tourism business has shown significant potential for future ________ (grow) in the recent three years.[2023·武汉市模拟] 考点四 数词 数词属于高考试题中不常考查的冷考点，主要涉及基数词和序数词的基本用法，序数词前的修饰语以及由基数词构成的短语等。 1．序数词一般由基数词加-th构成。以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y变为i，再加-eth。如the twentieth/fiftieth。不规则的序数词有以下几个：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the，但当序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一”“又一”时，要用不定冠词。 2．年龄、年代的表达：①表达“在某人几十多岁”用“in one's＋逢十的基数词的复数”；②表达“在几十年代”用“in the＋逢十的基数词的复数”。 3．基数词dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million等表示确切数目时不能加-s，其前可用数词或several, some等修饰，此时其后通常不跟of(后有these, those或代词宾格时可跟of)；表示“数以百万计”“数以千计”等笼统数目时，要加-s，其前不能用数词，其后可跟of。 4．基数词可与名词等构成合成形容词，用连字符连接，作前置定语，其中的名词应使用单数形式，如a four-hour journey。 5．分数表达法：分子应用基数词，分母应用序数词。分子大于1时，分母应用序数词的复数形式，如：two-sevenths七分之二。 即学即练 单句语法填空 1．The junk floats around ________ (hundred) of kilometers above the earth. Experts say the main worry is that such debris will hit a space station, satellite or other equipment.[2023·湖南省百所学校联考] 2．This year, Remila spent her ________ (five) Spring Festival aboard the carrier.[2023·厦门市第二次质量检测] 3．There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his late ________ (eighty)．[2023·浙江杭州二模] 训练巩固提能 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Making coins was one of the greatest financial ________ (activity) in human history，”said researchers, adding that it allowed wealth to be traded easily.[2023·辽宁省协作体高三第一次模拟] 2．Now a study shows that the ________(grown-up)have been right all along.[2023·福建省四地市第一次质量检测] 3．Crows have long been observed for their various amazing ________ (display) of intelligence.[2023·深圳市第一次调研] 4．For example, about 70 percent of the ________ (material) used in the Games were obtained through renting, including new sporting equipment, furniture in the Olympic village, technical devices.[2023·菏泽市高三一模] 5．The review by Germany's Alfred Wegener Institute examined almost 2, 600 research ________ (paper) on the topic to provide an overview ahead of a United Nations meeting later this month.[2023·河北省名校联盟高三下学期调研] 6．The project was completed so quickly because the workers had been arranged into seven units to undertake different ________ (task) at the same time.[2023·重庆市名校联盟第一次联考] 7．Landing on the ________(moon) far side is extremely challenging.[2020·全国Ⅰ改编] 8．The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations says about one ________ (three) of the food produced worldwide each year is wasted or lost. 9．Claire Jackson investigates the return of our make-do-and-mend and it turns out that “fast” fashion has been replaced by a “slow” fashion ________(move)．[2023·福州市质量检测] 10．Parents and teachers alike maintain that ________(silent)is important when learning, whereas youngsters insist that their favourite sounds help them concentrate.[2023·福建省四地市第一次质量检测] 11．After experiencing her older sister's ________(die) and her parents' divorce, she is determined to stay alive for the sake of her broken family.[2023·广东省茂名市五校联盟第三次联考] Ⅱ.语段填空 Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is a 1.________(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the 2.________ (begin) of spring.This is why decorating with plants，fruits and flowers carries special 3.________(significant)．They represent the earth coming back to 4.________(live) and best wishes for new beginnings. These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country： Oranges：Orange trees are more than 5.________ (decorate)；they are a symbol of good fortune and 6.________ (wealthy)．They make great gifts and you see them many 7.________(time) decorated with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. Bamboo：Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.Certainly during the holiday period，this plant is 8.________ must.Bamboo plants are associated with health，abundance and a happy home.They are easy to care for and make great 9.________ (present)． 10．________ (branch) of Plum Blossoms(梅花)：The beautiful long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.The plum trees are the first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化)．They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life. 答案 考点三 即学即练 1．答案与解析：determination　词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处与前面的strength形成并列，同作has的宾语，所以需要填名词determination。 2．答案与解析：preparation　词形转换。根据空前的Zhang's可知，空处需用名词。再根据空后的shows可知，此处应用名词的单数形式，所以空处填preparation。 3．答案与解析：equipment　考查名词。句意：她提供了医疗设备，干净的水和水果。分析句子可知，空格处作动词provide的宾语，用名词形式， 故填equipment。 4．答案与解析：wisdom　考查名词。句意：这种方法结合了中医的智慧和谈话疗法。空格处用名词作宾语，wise的名词是wisdom，是不可数名词，意为“智慧”，故填wisdom。 5．答案与解析：growth　考查名词。句意：与此同时，一家大型旅游公司表示，近三年来，其乡村旅游业务已经显示出巨大的未来增长潜力。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要用名词，做介词for的宾语，故填growth。 知识点四 即学即练 1．答案与解析：hundreds　考查数词。句意：这些垃圾漂浮在地球上空数百公里处。hundreds of为固定短语，意为“数以百计的”。 2．答案与解析：fifth　考查序数词。句意：今年，瑞米拉在航母上度过了她的第五个春节。表示“第五个春节”，所以用序数词形式。 3．答案与解析：eighties　句意： 在那里， 我遇到了一位快九十岁的绅士， 名叫Kurien。 In one's late eighties 表示“在某人快九十岁时”。 训练巩固提能 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．答案与解析：activities　考查名词的数。句意：“制造硬币是人类历史上最伟大的金融活动之一，”研究人员说，并补充说，它让财富可以很容易地交易。activity为可数名词，此处为one of＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数形式。 2．答案与解析：grown-ups　考查名词。句意：现在一项研究表明，成年人一直都是对的。结合后面动词have，可知此处名词作主语用复数形式，grown-ups成年人，符合题意。 3．答案与解析：displays　考查名词。句意：人们长期以来一直观察到乌鸦表现出各种各样令人惊叹的智慧。根据上文their various可知，这里需要填一个可数名词的复数形式。 4．答案与解析：materials　考查名词的复数。句意：例如，大约70%的奥运会材料是通过租赁获得的，包括新的运动器材、奥运村的家具、技术设备。material为可数名词，由“70 percent”可知，空格处用名词复数materials。 5．答案与解析：papers　考查名词单复数。句意：这项由德国阿尔弗雷德·韦格纳研究所(Alfred Wegener Institute)进行审查了近2600篇关于这一主题的研究论文，以便在本月晚些时候的联合国会议之前提供一个概述。根据空前的数词可知，paper在句中作可数名词，意为“论文”，应该用其复数形式。 6．答案与解析：tasks　考查名词复数。句意：这项工程之所以完成得如此之快，是因为工人们被安排到七个单位，同时承担不同的任务。结合different可知，此处不止一项任务，用名词task的复数形式。 7．答案与解析：moon's　考查名词所有格。句意：在月球的远端着陆是极具挑战性的。这里的moon和far side构成了所属关系，所以用所有格形式。 8．答案与解析：third　根据语境 “三分之一的食物被浪费或流失”可知，此处指三分之一，结合空前的one可知，该空填序数词third。 9．答案与解析：movement　考查名词。句意：克莱尔·杰克逊在调查了“修修补补”时尚的回归后发现，“快”时尚已经被“慢”时尚运动所取代。作介词by的宾语，表示“运动”应用movement，不定冠词提示用单数。 10．答案与解析：silence　考查名词。句意：家长和老师都认为学习时保持沉默很重要，而年轻人则坚持认为他们最喜欢的声音有助于他们集中注意力。分析句子结构，此句为that引导的宾语从句，此处silent的适当形式在从句作主语，具有名词性，用silence(沉默)，符合题意。 11．答案与解析：death　考查名词。句意：经历了姐姐的死和父母的离婚后，她决定为了破碎的家庭继续活下去。sister's后用名词，die的名词是death，由sister's可知，故填death。 Ⅱ.语段填空 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国新年常见的三种装饰物——橘子树、富贵竹和梅花枝，以及它们的美好寓意。 1．答案与解析：celebration　考查名词。由空前的不定冠词a可知，后接名词形式。故填celebration。 2．答案与解析：beginning　考查名词。和前面的the end of winter并列，是名词词组，begin的名词形式为beginning。 3．答案与解析：significance　考查名词。此处作谓语动词carries的宾语，应该用名词形式。故填significance。 4．答案与解析：life　考查名词。作介词to的宾语，用名词或动名词形式，结合句意可知填life。 5．答案与解析：decoration　考查名词。根据句意可知，此处应用名词形式，故填decoration。 6．答案与解析：wealth　考查名词。与good fortune共同作of的宾语，所以用名词形式，故填wealth。 7．答案与解析：times　考查名词的单复数。time表示“次数”，是可数名词，用在many 之后，故填times。 8．答案与解析：a　考查冠词。must此处表示“必须做(或看、买等)的事”，是可数名词，且发音以辅音音素开头，所以填不定冠词a。 9．答案与解析：presents　考查名词的单复数。present作“礼物，礼品”讲时，是可数名词，此处表示泛指。故填presents。 10．答案与解析：Branches　考查名词的单复数。可数名词出现时，要么前面加冠词，要么用复数形式表泛指。此处branch前面没有冠词及其他限定词，所以只能用其复数形式。位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填Branches。 $$必修第三册 Unit 2 知识背诵清单通关练 （第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量+核心词汇之转换词形词性 （第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固 （第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固 （第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固 （第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练 （第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. n. 贡献 2． n. 短缺，不足，缺乏 3． v. 为……提供资金，资助 4． v. 再利用，回收利用 5． v. 挣(钱) 6． n. 不屈不挠，坚持不懈 7． n. 真实，现实 8． v. 持续；延伸 9． n. 职责；使命 10． n. 证实，证明 11． v. 帮助，援助 12． adj. 最高级别的，首席的 13． adj. 重要的，主要的 14． n. 治疗；疗法 15． v. 获得，得到 16． adj. 更多的，附加的 17. adj. 内部的 18． n. 喷水池 19． n. 基金会 20． n. 顿悟，猛醒 21． n. 疾病，病 22． adj. 敏感的，容易生气的 23． n. 癌症 24． adj. 王室的，皇家的 25． n. 机构，团体 26． n. 登记，注册 27． n. 军队 28． n. 药物，药材 29． n. 证明书，证书 30． n. (政府的)部 核心词汇之转换词形词性 1. n. 减轻，缓解→ v. 解除，减轻，缓和；减轻→ adj. 宽慰的 2． adj. 有效的，产生预期效果的→ n. 效应；影响；结果 → n. 效率→ adv. 有效地 3． v. 捐赠，捐献→ n. 捐赠物；捐赠；赠送 4． n. 残疾，残障→ v. 使伤残，使丧失能力；使无效 → adj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的 5． adj. 慷慨的，大方的→ adv. 慷慨地→ n. 慷慨，大方 6． v. 迟疑，犹豫→ adj. 犹豫的，迟疑的→ n. 犹豫，踌躇 7． n. 帮助，援助→ v. 帮助；协助；援助；促进→ n. 助理；助手　adj. 助理的；副的 8． n. 成绩，成就→ v. (凭长期努力)达到(某目标、地位、标准)；完成；成功 （第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固 1． 有影响 2． 为……做贡献 3． 为……赚钱 4． 被控制住，得到控制 5． 在做某事方面有困难 6． 决心做某事 7． 感激；感谢 8． 最后是，结果发现；关掉；(天气)变好 9． 突然笑起来 10． 从……中受益 11． ... 不但……而且…… 12． 对……有信心 13． (使)振作起来；(使)高兴起来 14． 适合…… 15． 卷入，涉及 16． 处境危险 17． 记录 18． 一度，在某一时刻，在某处 19． 站起身来 20． 离开，去世 21． 逃离，逃脱 22． 利用；使用 第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固 ① relief n. 减轻，缓解(教材P13) 　 单句语法填空 ①I'm ________ (relieve) to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think. ②(牛津高阶)The new secretary will relieve us ________ some of the paperwork. 　 一句多译 ③(牛津高阶)我最庆幸的是我没有迟到。 ____________________， I wasn't late. ＝____________________， I wasn't late. ② earn v. 挣(钱)(教材P14) 　单句语法填空 ①My dad's words made me realize that my ________ (earn) might not be mine to do with as I wished. ②How did you spend the money ________ (earn) from your part­time jobs? 　 单句表达 ③(剑桥高阶)你别指望靠画画能维持生计。 You can't expect to ________________ from your painting. ④(朗文当代)这家公司赢得了可靠的声誉。 The company has ________________ for reliability. ③ donate v. 捐赠，捐献(教材P15) 　 单句语法填空 ①This has led companies and individuals to donate money ________ developing countries to buy computer equipment and internet facilities. ②Many ________ (donate) have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long－term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money. ③By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for ________ (donate) or to be returned to their owners. 　 单句表达 ④(中国日报)近年来，互联网在北京普及了植树(活动)，使人们能够参与植树、了解植物并为植树捐款。 In recent years, the internet has popularized tree planting in Beijing, enabling people to come and plant trees, learn about plants and ________________________． ④ reality n. 真实，现实(教材P15) 　 单句语法填空 ①(朗文当代)The paperless office may one day become a ________ (realize). ②(剑桥高阶)It isn't ________ (realize) to expect people to work for so little money. ③(牛津高阶)The house looks very old, but ________ reality it's quite new. 　 单句表达 ④(中国日报)虽然目前只有少数消费者关注饮食细节，如减少糖摄入量和少吃加工食品，但他们意识到正确处理这些细节的重要性。 While only a minority of customers are currently attending to dietary details, such as reducing sugar intake and eating less processed foods, they ________________________ getting these details right. ⑤ hesitate v. 迟疑，犹豫(教材P18) 　 单句语法填空 ①(牛津高阶)She agreed without the slightest ________ (hesitate). ②When they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won't hesitate ________ (open) them and walk through. 　 单句表达 ③(中国日报)如果当地渔民发现聪明的海洋生物处在危机之中，他们会毫不犹豫地帮助它们，并将它们从危险中解救出来。 If the local fishermen spot the intelligent sea creatures in need, they will ______________________ and rescue them from danger. ⑥ aid v. 帮助，援助(教材P20) 　 单句语法填空 ①(剑桥高阶)He gets about ________ the aid of a walking stick. ②Here are a few tips to aid you ________ (win) over everyone in the neighborhood quickly. 　 单句表达 ③(朗文当代)我们正在筹款资助癌症研究。 We're collecting money ________________ cancer research. ⑦ achievement n. 成绩，成就(教材P21) 　单句语法填空 ①Finally, his goal of starting a company ________ (achieve) in 1996. ②List all of your accomplishments and ________ (achieve). 　 单句表达 ③(中国日报)通过成员城市对本地文化发展经验的认可和交流，长沙已经实现了在全球化环境中倡导和维护文化多样性的目标。 Through the recognition and exchange of member cities' experience in promoting local cultural development, Changsha ____________________ to advocate and maintain cultural diversity in a globalized environment. ① under control 得到控制；被控制住(教材P13) 　单句语法填空 ①(朗文当代)The possibility of employing more staff is still under ________ (discuss). ②(朗文当代)Four new power stations are currently ________ construction. 　 一句多译 ③(牛津高阶)酒店目前正在维修中。 The hotel _______________________________________________________. ＝The hotel ___________________________________________________. ② rise to one's feet 站起身来(教材P21) 　单句语法填空 ①(牛津高阶)Now that you're growing up you must learn to stand on your own two ________ (foot). ②The wounded soldier struggled ________ his feet and continued walking along with difficulty. ③(朗文当代)It takes about 30 minutes ________ foot, or 10 minutes by car. 　 单句表达 ④(剑桥高阶)她走进来时，他站了起来。 He ____________________ when she walked in. on doing sth 一……就…… On leaving school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France.(教材P20)一离开学校，温顿就先后在德国和法国的银行工作。 (1)on doing sth表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 (2)类似的还有： once doing sth 一旦做某事 when/while doing sth 当做某事时 after doing sth 做完某事后 　单句语法填空 ①On ________ (see) the teacher coming into the classroom, all students stood up. ②After ________ (struggle) for quite a while, I made a difficult decision—leaving my job and studying my design course full time. ③Once, when ________ (try) a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand. 　 一句多译 ④下班后一回到家，妈妈就开始忙着为全家人准备晚饭。 ________________________， Mum began to be busy preparing supper for the whole family. ＝____________________________， Mum began to be busy preparing supper for the whole family. （第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(剑桥高阶)It was such a ________ (relieve) to hear that Marta was found safe and well. 2．(剑桥高阶)Any ________ (hesitate) on the part of the government will be seen as weakness. 3．(2019·江苏高考)The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical ________ (assist). 4．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one－off ________ (treat) that would last the plant's lifetime. 5．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Language researchers say pronunciation and fluency are the biggest barriers, followed by grammar in ________ (effect) spoken English. 6．(中国日报)In recognition of his service and contribution ________ the nation, Lu Yuanjiu was one of 29 Party members awarded the July 1 Medal, the Party's highest honor. 7．(中国日报)The dream of shaking off poverty coming true for Xihaigu people in the drama has now also become a ________ (real). 8．(2020·天津高考)It produces a deafening sound so painful that it ________ (temporary) disables a person. 9．(剑桥高阶)The ________ (major) of the employees have university degrees. 10．(牛津高阶)He treated them with ________ (generous) and thoughtfulness. Ⅱ.选词填空 make a difference; earn money; turn out; set up; under control; benefit from; pass away; rise to one's feet; keep records of; break into a smile 1．(柯林斯词典)Firemen said they had the blaze ____________． 2．(朗文当代)You don't ________ much ________ being a nurse. 3．When the little girl saw her birthday presents, she ____________． 4．(剑桥高阶)A committee has ____________ to organize social events in the college. 5．(2021·全国乙卷)But does one plastic straw or cup really ____________？ 6．(中国日报)Back in Egypt, my own grandparents had ____________ before I was born. It was in Shanxi that I felt the love from grandparents for the first time. 7．All the staff ____________ when the boss came into the room. 8．(中国日报)Residents have ____________ the improved environment. Their sense of happiness and achievement has been greatly boosted. 9．(中国日报)The radar can detect drones that as small as a tennis ball, even they are many kilometers away. The radar can track drones and ____________ their movements. 10．(牛津高阶)No one could have foreseen that things would ____________ this way. Ⅲ.单句表达 1．(朗文当代)烟雾浓得他们连门厅的对面都看不到。 There was ____________________ they couldn't see across the hallway. 2．我想说的是你最好休息一会儿。 __________________________ is that you'd better to have a rest. 3．(2021·全国甲卷)我们看得越多，就越会发现性别、种族和阶级等社会因素并不能决定天才的出现。 ____________ we look, ____________ we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race and class do not determine the appearance of genius. 4．(牛津高阶)我一到家就发现家中被盗。 ________________________ I discovered the burglary. 5．(中国日报)课后服务的对象是那些家长无法在放学时间接孩子的学生。 After－school services are intended for students whose parents ________________ picking them up when school hours end. （第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练 名词和数词 考点三 派生名词 1.动词转化成名词 后缀 典例 -ion/-tion/-sion/-ation correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝(活动) discuss→discussion讨论；论述 decide→decision决定 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 -er/-or gather→gatherer收集者，采集者 teach→teacher老师 direct→director导演 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员 -ment punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement功绩；成就 argue→argument辩论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗 -ance/-ence appear→appearance出现；外貌 guide→guidance指引；指导 exist→existence存在；生活 prefer→preference偏爱 -ure/-ture fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合；混合物 -ing hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始 -y recover→recovery恢复，痊愈 discover→discovery发现 其他 choose→choice选择 vary→variety多样化；种类 tend→tendency趋向，趋势 2.形容词转化成名词 后缀 例词 -age short→shortage不足，短缺 -cy efficient→efficiency效率；功效 fluent→fluency流利，流畅 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私，私密 -dom free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom明智；智慧 -ence different→difference差异 silent→silence沉默 -ness weak→weakness虚弱；弱点 kind→kindness仁慈，友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意 rich→richness富有；丰富 -th strong→strength力气；优势 long→length长度 warm→warmth温暖；热情 grow→growth成长 -y/-ty/-ity honest→honesty诚实 difficult→difficulty困难 safe→safety安全 cruel→cruelty残忍 disable→disability缺陷；伤残 responsible→responsibility责任 即学即练 单句语法填空 1．Not everyone has the strength or ________ (determine) to climb its tall steps and steep slopes (斜坡)．[2023·泉州市高中毕业班质量监测一] 2．Zhang's ________ (prepare) that went into producing this particular work shows the very modern way that the artist tries to understand the subject matter.[2023·武汉市部分学校调研] 3．She provided medical ________ (equip), clean water and fruits. With this work the death rate decreased to 2.2%.[2023·河北省模拟] 4．These days, doctors are using a new approach to healing, which is called tapping. This approach combines ________ (wise) from Chinese medicine with talk therapy (治疗)．[2023·辽宁高三联考] 5．Meanwhile, a big tourism company said its rural tourism business has shown significant potential for future ________ (grow) in the recent three years.[2023·武汉市模拟] 考点四 数词 数词属于高考试题中不常考查的冷考点，主要涉及基数词和序数词的基本用法，序数词前的修饰语以及由基数词构成的短语等。 1．序数词一般由基数词加-th构成。以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y变为i，再加-eth。如the twentieth/fiftieth。不规则的序数词有以下几个：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the，但当序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一”“又一”时，要用不定冠词。 2．年龄、年代的表达：①表达“在某人几十多岁”用“in one's＋逢十的基数词的复数”；②表达“在几十年代”用“in the＋逢十的基数词的复数”。 3．基数词dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million等表示确切数目时不能加-s，其前可用数词或several, some等修饰，此时其后通常不跟of(后有these, those或代词宾格时可跟of)；表示“数以百万计”“数以千计”等笼统数目时，要加-s，其前不能用数词，其后可跟of。 4．基数词可与名词等构成合成形容词，用连字符连接，作前置定语，其中的名词应使用单数形式，如a four-hour journey。 5．分数表达法：分子应用基数词，分母应用序数词。分子大于1时，分母应用序数词的复数形式，如：two-sevenths七分之二。 即学即练 单句语法填空 1．The junk floats around ________ (hundred) of kilometers above the earth. Experts say the main worry is that such debris will hit a space station, satellite or other equipment.[2023·湖南省百所学校联考] 2．This year, Remila spent her ________ (five) Spring Festival aboard the carrier.[2023·厦门市第二次质量检测] 3．There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his late ________ (eighty)．[2023·浙江杭州二模] 训练巩固提能 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Making coins was one of the greatest financial ________ (activity) in human history，”said researchers, adding that it allowed wealth to be traded easily.[2023·辽宁省协作体高三第一次模拟] 2．Now a study shows that the ________(grown-up)have been right all along.[2023·福建省四地市第一次质量检测] 3．Crows have long been observed for their various amazing ________ (display) of intelligence.[2023·深圳市第一次调研] 4．For example, about 70 percent of the ________ (material) used in the Games were obtained through renting, including new sporting equipment, furniture in the Olympic village, technical devices.[2023·菏泽市高三一模] 5．The review by Germany's Alfred Wegener Institute examined almost 2, 600 research ________ (paper) on the topic to provide an overview ahead of a United Nations meeting later this month.[2023·河北省名校联盟高三下学期调研] 6．The project was completed so quickly because the workers had been arranged into seven units to undertake different ________ (task) at the same time.[2023·重庆市名校联盟第一次联考] 7．Landing on the ________(moon) far side is extremely challenging.[2020·全国Ⅰ改编] 8．The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations says about one ________ (three) of the food produced worldwide each year is wasted or lost. 9．Claire Jackson investigates the return of our make-do-and-mend and it turns out that “fast” fashion has been replaced by a “slow” fashion ________(move)．[2023·福州市质量检测] 10．Parents and teachers alike maintain that ________(silent)is important when learning, whereas youngsters insist that their favourite sounds help them concentrate.[2023·福建省四地市第一次质量检测] 11．After experiencing her older sister's ________(die) and her parents' divorce, she is determined to stay alive for the sake of her broken family.[2023·广东省茂名市五校联盟第三次联考] Ⅱ.语段填空 Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is a 1.________(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the 2.________ (begin) of spring.This is why decorating with plants，fruits and flowers carries special 3.________(significant)．They represent the earth coming back to 4.________(live) and best wishes for new beginnings. These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country： Oranges：Orange trees are more than 5.________ (decorate)；they are a symbol of good fortune and 6.________ (wealthy)．They make great gifts and you see them many 7.________(time) decorated with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. Bamboo：Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.Certainly during the holiday period，this plant is 8.________ must.Bamboo plants are associated with health，abundance and a happy home.They are easy to care for and make great 9.________ (present)． 10．________ (branch) of Plum Blossoms(梅花)：The beautiful long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.The plum trees are the first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化)．They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life. $$