精品解析：2024届天津市南开区高三下学期第二次质量监测英语试题

2023-2024学年度第二学期高三年级质量监测（二） 英语笔试 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。第Ⅰ卷1至12页，第Ⅱ卷13至16页。 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 祝各位考生考试顺利！ 第Ⅰ卷 注意事项： 1. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。 2. 本卷共55小题，共95分。 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 例：Stand over there _________ you'll be able to see it better. A. or B. and C. but D. while 答案是B。 1. —Why are you always late? —_________? I’ve never delayed work. A. So what B. Why not C. What for D. Why me 2. The negotiations have been _________ in a positive manner. A. digested B. blocked C. conducted D. narrowed 3. It was several days _________ I found that I had lost my watch. A. as B. before C. since D. when 4. The hike was great _________ the weather. A. as well as B. in place of C. in case of D. except for 5. You don’t need any special skills for this job, just plain _________ sense. A. domestic B. normal C. common D. average 6. —Why are the housing prices in big cities going up all the time? —One reason is that people are_______ into overcrowded cities in great numbers. A. breaking B. filling C. pouring D. hurrying 7 Now the price of goods on the Internet is cheaper than _________ in the market. A. it B. those C. that D. these 8. Could you _________ this form for me to see if I have filled it out correctly? A. take over B. look after C. give off D. go over 9. _________ early for the competition, she set the alarm clock. A. Getting up B. To get up C. Get up D. Having got up 10. This ancient vase is very special and I will do _________ I can to restore it. A. that B. which C. whatever D. whichever 11. They queued (排队) for two hours for nothing. They _________ have been told the tickets were sold out. A. would B. may C. must D. should 12. —Tony, you’ve been accepted into our club. —_________ That’s great. A. Good idea! B. Congratulations! C. Have I? D. Pardon? 13. _________ at the center of Beijing, the Forbidden City is mainly built of bricks. A. Located B. Locating C. Being located D. Having located 14. published fifty years ago, his work still attracts much attention at present. A. As B. Though C. Apart from D. Despite 15. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _________ his employees enjoy their work. A. where B. which C. when D. that 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Nature was Chen Rui’s “childhood home”. The 37-year-old researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Zoology (中国科学院动物研究所) was not able to talk until he was 4 years old because of the way his brain processes sensory information. This ___16___ him “strange” in some people’s minds. So, he didn’t have friends who were around his age. This led him to turn his ___17___ to nonhuman things around him. He became fascinated (着迷) by the world of ___18___ . “The ___19___ time of my childhood was in the farm fields,” says Chen. “I squatted (蹲下) there, ___20___ the activities of insects, including ants building their homes, grasshoppers nibbling grass and dragonflies flying low. I had so many questions about their activities and was full of ___21___ about this world.” These experiences ___22___ a seed in his heart. Decades later, he’s a scholar who has ___23___ life-science investigations in nearly 100 countries and regions on five continents. He has found around 100 new ___24___ , living and extinct, many of which are named ____25____ him. “I was a child who was ‘cured’ by ____26____ ,” he says. “I wanted to grow up to ____27____ the power of nature with more young people and to popularize understanding of animals, including insects. I wanted to start classes to bring children to learn in the open air and ____28____ the gifts nature endows (赋予).” These aspirations (愿望) led him to recently ____29____ the popular-science book, Du Chong Ji (Reading About Insects). It’s a continuation of a mission he began to act upon ____30____ a freshman in 2006, when he started a(n) ____31____ for people interested in insects at Nanjing Agricultural University. He often ____32____ for members to visit the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, to ____33____ insects. His organization ____34____ had nearly 600 members. After graduating in 2010, Chen was ____35____ to the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences to complete his doctorate in zoology. In 2016, he was recruited (录用) by the Institute of Zoology of the CAS. 16. A. got B. dreamed C. did D. made 17. A. face B. attention C. movement D. back 18. A. herbs B. farming C. pets D. insects 19. A. hardest B. shortest C. happiest D. forgettable 20. A. observing B. playing C. organizing D. ruling 21. A. curiosity B. guilty C. care D. hope 22. A. planted B. liked C. had D. melted 23. A. came out B. brought out C. got down D. engaged in 24. A. countries B. species C. columns D. wastes 25. A. out B. after C. on D. over 26. A. parents B. doctor C. nature D. heart 27. A. reach B. relate C. find D. share 28. A. experience B. wave C. compare D. create 29. A. consume B. publish C. raise D. polish 30. A. as B. about C. with D. under 31 A. test B. research C. association D. newspaper 32. A. arranged B. cycled C. dealt D. drilled 33. A. get through B. knock off C. put out D. look for 34. A. occasionally B. eventually C. precisely D. barely 35. A. admitted B. inspired C. connected D. selected 第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2. 5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Choosing a college is about more than the name on the diploma (文凭) . Where students go to school touches many aspects of their lives, from academic studies to social activities and beyond. Considering the importance of this decision, prospective students should think carefully about their options. Follow these steps to help you make a college decision. Develop your short list. A lot of thought should go into developing a short list of schools you would like to attend. Brennan Barnard and Rick Clark, authors of “The Truth About College Admission: A Family Guide to Getting In and Staying Together,” urge students to think about location, enrollment size (招生规模) , majors and programs, the people on campus, opportunities outside of the classroom, cost and selectivity when crafting a list. Revisit schools. Once applications are in, it's time to think hard about where you want to attend, which may lead another visit. While you should have gotten a feel for campus life during initial college tours, take another trip to each school and come up with a list of 10 to 15 detailed questions, says Bob Roth, author of several books on college success. Know what to ask on a college visit, and don't leave with any questions unanswered. Meeting with current students is another way to measure campus culture, as they can provide insight about social activities and classroom experiences for certain majors. But taking a campus tour can be expensive, considering travel costs. If a return trip is out of the question, take a second look at the campus via a virtual tour and reach out to college officials or students with any follow-up questions. Compare financial aid awards. If you're looking to graduate from college with little or no debt, carefully compare financial aid packages. It's wise to look beyond the tuition and see what additional costs apply, like housing and meal plans. Understand the difference between free money-such as grants (补助金) and scholarships —and loans, which you'll have to pay back eventually. Some colleges offer generous financial aid packages meeting full financial need, meaning those students are not required to take out loans. Communicate with family. Many parents have fond memories of their college campus and want their children to share that same experience. But what was the best fit for a parent, may not be the best fit for the student. Create an open dialogue during the decision-making process. Give your parents reasons as to why you want to attend a particular college, like an interest in a specific academic program or study abroad opportunity. 36. What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A. The list of colleges you would like to attend should be as short as possible. B. There are many factors to consider before choosing a college. C. You should list as many schools as possible before choosing a college. D The most important thing to consider when choosing a college is the location. 37. According to Paragraph 3, why do you need to visit the schools again? A. Because a virtual tour to the campus is always less convenient than a physical visit. B. Because it is good to get to know more current students before school starts. C. Because the cost of taking a campus tour is not as expensive as you think. D. Because you need to know more about these schools before making a final decision. 38. What does the author suggest about financial aid awards? A. You don't need to worry about the cost of rent and food. B. You need to know what money you need to pay back and what you don't. C. All you need to consider when choosing a college is the cost of tuition. D. It's unwise to choose a college whose financial aid package covers all financial needs. 39. According to Paragraph 5, which of the following may NOT be a reason for parents to let students choose the college they attended? A. They have had an investment in the college. B. They had met very good professors at that college. C. The college has a beautiful view. D. The college has friendly staff. 40. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? A. To draw students' attention to college life. B. To help students find the right college. C. To provide students with access to college. D. To share his experience on selecting college. B The little country schoolhouse was heated by an old-fashioned, pot-bellied coal stove (煤炉) . A little boy had the job of coming to school early each day to start the fire and warm the room before his teacher and his classmates arrived. One morning they arrived to find the schoolhouse engulfed in flames (被火焰吞没) . They dragged the unconscious little boy out of the flaming building more dead than alive. He had major burns over the lower half of his body and was taken to a nearby county hospital. His mother was told that he was sure to die. Even if he were to survive, he would be a cripple (瘸子) throughout his life. But the brave boy did not want to die nor did he want to be a cripple. Much to be the amazement of the doctor, he did survive. But unfortunately from his waist down, he had no motor ability. His thin legs just dangled (悬荡) there, lifeless. Ultimately he was released from the hospital. But his determination to walk was as strong as ever. At home, when he was not in bed, he was limited to a wheelchair. One day, he threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him. He reached the fence, raised himself up and then stake by stake, he began dragging himself along the fence, and decided that he would walk. He did this every day, with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided. With his iron persistence and his resolute determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to walk slowly, then to walk by himself and then to run. He began to walk to school, then run to school, to run for the sheer joy of running. Later in college he made the track team. In February 1934, in New York City's famed Madison Square Garden, this young man who was not expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run-this determined young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the world's fastest mile. 41. Why did the little boy go to school early every day? A. To decorate the classroom. B. To clean the classroom. C. To light the stove. D. To give teachers and classmates a surprise. 42. What can be concluded from Paragraph 2? A. The little boy was badly burned. B. The little boy lost the lower part of his body. C. The little boy was crippled. D. The little boy's mother was sure he was going to die. 43. What problem did the little boy face when he left hospital? A. He didn't have long to live. B. He might never walk again. C. He had no motor ability. D. He lost his legs. 44. How did the little boy walk again? A By throwing himself from the wheelchair. B. By climbing on the fence. C. By pulling himself along the fence each day. D. By joining the track team. 45. Dr. Glenn Cunningham's 1934 race result was A. depressing. B. challenging C. promising D. impressive C Many animals and plants are endangered in the world today. These endangered species are threatened with becoming extinct, meaning they will no longer exist on Earth. Examples include the Cuban Macaw and the Sri Lankan Legume Tree. Hunting, and collecting of the Macaw bird for pets, led to its extinction. Whilst the main reason the native Sri Lankan Legume Tree went extinct was due to habitat loss from development in the 20h century. The main cause for animals and plants disappearing is often a disruption (扰乱) to the food chain due to hunting, habitat loss or even the introduction of invasive (入侵的) species. Every living thing from one-celled animals to a blue whale needs to eat. Nature is connected and controlled by many fragile (脆弱的) food chains. A food chain describes who eats whom in a habitat. When one of the links in a food chain is no longer present — for example, a species goes extinct — the food chain breaks and sometimes this can cause other animals to disappear and the whole system can become imbalanced or even collapsed. Humans can have disastrous effects on food chains. When people first explored the world, they took animal and plant species from their home countries to the places they explored and settled in. They did not realise the consequences of introducing invasive species. By doing so, they were disrupting the natural food chains of the areas they explored. Nowadays there are strict rules controlling the movement of animals and plants between countries. But some parts of the world are still experiencing problems with invasive species introduced hundreds of years ago. With rising awareness of how we affect the natural environment, hopefully we can learn to protect these food chains and help them to thrive. Otherwise the continued loss of species will eventually mean our own extinction. 46. What could be inferred from Paragraph 1? A. Macaws are extinct because of habitat loss B. Sri Lankan Legume Tree became extinct because of seed collecting. C. The invasive species may lead to the extinction of the native species. D. The main cause of plants extinction is hunting. 47. What can we learn about food chain from Paragraph 2? A. It only affects one-celled animals. B. It decides the balance of the whole system. C. It is always broken by invasive species. D. It is controlled by fragile nature. 48. According to Paragraph 3, how did humans affect food chains in areas they explored? A. By settling in. B. By taking away native species. C. By hunting local animals. D. By introducing foreign species. 49. The underlined word “thrive” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________. A. to continue to live or exist B. to grow toward full stature or physical or mental maturity C. to become, and continue to be, successful, strong, healthy, etc. D. to get away from an unpleasant or dangerous situation 50. According to the author, which of the following is correct? A. The food chain will always find a way to be balanced. B. The natural world experiences times of damage but it always can recover. C. Human activity, in all forms, tends to cause great destruction to the natural world. D. Despite the climate change caused by humans, plants and animals will go extinct naturally. D Antarctica (南极洲) is the coldest place on Earth. It's also the driest. With annual rainfall close to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert. Covering about 14 million square kilometers around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world. A high mountain range, the Trans-Antarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two. There are volcanoes too, but they are not very active. Antarctica holds 90% of the world's ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state, of course. 98% of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap. On average it is two kilometers thick, but in some places it reaches a depth of five kilometers. Strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline, while other winds blow round the coast. It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable (不宜居的) place. Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions. There are different types of penguins, flying birds, seals, and whales. But the long Antarctic winter night, which lasts for 182 days (the longest period of continuous darkness on earth) , as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plants can survive there. Only two types of flowering plants are found, while there are no trees on the large continent. The rest of the plants are made up of mosses, algae and lichen. Some forms of algae have adapted to grow on ice. Most of the ice has been there for thousands of years. As a result, it has become a window on the past, and can give researchers lots of useful information. Gases and minerals, in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the world's climate was like in past ages. Antarctic rocks are also very important for research. Most of them are meteorites (陨石) from outer space. One rock, known as the “Alien” rock, may contain evidence of extra-terrestrial (外星人) life. Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered. But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north. They called it Anti-Arktikos, or Antarctica: the opposite of Arctic (北极) . When Europeans discovered the continent of America in 15 century, the great age of exploration began. However, progress to the South Pole was slow. Not until the late 18h century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land. Then in 1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland. The race to the pole had begun. It was finally reached on 11th December, 1911 by the Norwegian Roald Amundsen. 51. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to _________. A. tell us about the history of the discovery of Antarctica B. tell us that Antarctica is completely covered in thick ice C. introduce the distribution of fresh water in Antarctica D. introduce the basic information about Antarctica 52. What does the author mainly want to tell us in Paragraph 2? A. All Antarctic plants grow on ice. B. Animals can't survive the Antarctic polar night. C. Antarctica has a great variety of plants. D. Despite the extreme conditions in Antarctica many plants and animals live there. 53. What does the author intend to show with the example of the “Alien (外星人) ” rock? A. There are aliens in Antarctica. B. Meteorites all contain evidence of alien existence. C. There's a lot to study in Antarctica. D. Rocks are rare in Antarctica. 54. What could we learn from the last paragraph? A. The Greek geographers found the Antarctica. B. James Cook was the first explorer who reached the South Pole. C. A Norwegian reached the South Pole first. D. Humans first set foot on the Antarctic mainland in 1911. 55. What makes the best title for the passage? A. A Race to the South Pole B. Antarctica: the Last Continent C. The wildlife of Antarctica D. Antarctica: A desert 第Ⅱ卷 注意事项： 1. 用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。 2. 本卷共6题，共35分。 第三部分：写作 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 At 16 years old, Sam had always been a relatively good student. He put in an effort to get good grades and keep his parents happy. Neither of his parents had had the opportunity to attend university and for them, Sam becoming a lawyer was their biggest ambition. He knew that achieving this goal would make them happy, but the truth was that he wasn’t sure whether he would feel the same. Since he was only a child, Sam had been passionate about computer programming. He taught himself how to use a computer, and by the age of 12 he had known three different programming languages. He did all of this in his spare time. He was quite an introvert (内向的人) , so he preferred staying in with his computer, rather than going out socialising or playing sports. His parents were fine with this, as long as he continued to focus on his studies. One day, while reading an article online about a young technology billionaire called Thomas O’Connor, everything changed for Sam. In the article, the CEO said that his company was trying to create a new and improved way of paying for goods online but that they were having a problem with the security system. He said if they could overcome this, they could launch the biggest and best online payment system in the world. Sam realised he had an idea on how to solve this problem. Thinking that it wouldn’t come to anything, he emailed the CEO, introducing himself and explaining his idea. He forgot all about it and got on with his life and studies, but then a month later, the most amazing thing happened. He got a response directly from the CEO. He told him he loved his idea and would like him to fly to America to meet with him. He said he knew Sam still needed to finish school, but that when he had, he would be happy to offer Sam a job in the company. Sam was overjoyed, but soon began to worry. What about his parents’ ambition for him? Should he tell them or turn down the offer? It was a difficult decision to make. 56. What was Sam’s parents’ biggest hope for him? (no more than 10 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 57. How did Sam learn to use a computer? (no more than 5 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 58. Why did Sam email the CEO? (no more than 15 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 59. What did the CEO promise Sam? (no more than 10 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 60. Do you think Sam should tell his parents about the offer? And give your reasons. (no more than 20 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假定你是高三学生李津，上周末，你和同学参加了一次志愿者活动。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，介绍这次活动，内容包括： （1）活动主题； （2）活动过程； （3）个人感受。 注意： （1）词数不少于100； （2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； （3）题目已给出，不计入总词数。 My Weekend ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2023-2024学年度第二学期高三年级质量监测（二） 英语笔试 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。第Ⅰ卷1至12页，第Ⅱ卷13至16页。 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 祝各位考生考试顺利！ 第Ⅰ卷 注意事项： 1. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。 2. 本卷共55小题，共95分。 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 例：Stand over there _________ you'll be able to see it better. A. or B. and C. but D. while 答案是B。 1. —Why are you always late? —_________? I’ve never delayed work. A. So what B. Why not C. What for D. Why me 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你为什么总是迟到？——那又怎样？我从未耽误工作。A. So what那又怎样；B. Why not为什么不；C. What for为何目的；D. Why me为什么是我。根据后文“I’ve never delayed work(我从未耽误工作)”可知，此处是在表达对总是迟到这件事的不在意，So what“那又怎样”符合语境。故选A。 2. The negotiations have been _________ in a positive manner. A. digested B. blocked C. conducted D. narrowed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：谈判以积极的方式进行。A. digested消化；B. blocked阻塞；C. conducted进行；D. narrowed缩小，使变窄。根据空前的negotiations可知，此处表示以积极的方式进行谈判。故选C项。 3. It was several days _________ I found that I had lost my watch. A. as B. before C. since D. when 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型和连词。句意：过了几天我才发现我的手表丢了。“It was+时间段+before...”是固定句型，意为“过了多久才……”，before引导时间状语从句。故选B项。 4. The hike was great _________ the weather. A. as well as B. in place of C. in case of D. except for 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：除了天气，徒步旅行很棒。A. as well as也；B. in place of代替；C. in case of以防；D. except for除了。根据上文“The hike was great(徒步旅行很棒)”以及下文“the weather(天气)”可知此处表示“除了”含义，故选D。 5. You don’t need any special skills for this job, just plain _________ sense. A. domestic B. normal C. common D. average 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：这份工作不需要任何特殊技能，只需要简单的常识。A. domestic国内的；B. normal正常的；C. common普通的，常见的，通常的；D. average平均的。空格处为定语修饰名词sense，需要的意思是“常见的”，构成固定短语common sense“常识”，故选C项。 6. —Why are the housing prices in big cities going up all the time? —One reason is that people are_______ into overcrowded cities in great numbers. A. breaking B. filling C. pouring D. hurrying 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——为什么大城市的房价一直在上涨？——一个原因是人们大量涌入拥挤的城市。A. breaking (into)闯入；B. filling (into)填充；C. pouring (into)大量涌入；D. hurrying (into)匆忙进入。根据空前people及空后overcrowded cities in great numbers可知，此处指人们大量涌入拥挤的城市。故选C。 7. Now the price of goods on the Internet is cheaper than _________ in the market. A. it B. those C. that D. these 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查代词。句意：现在网上商品的价格比市场上的便宜。A. it那(指代单数名词，同名同物)；B. those那些(指代复数名词，同名异物，特指)；C. that那(指代单数或不可数名词，同名异物，特指)；D. these这些。句中比较了“网上商品的价格”和“市场商品的价格”，设空处用代词指名词“price(价格)”，不可数名词，且特指市场商品的价格，应用代词that指代。故选C项。 8. Could you _________ this form for me to see if I have filled it out correctly? A. take over B. look after C. give off D. go over 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你能帮我检查一下这张表，看我是否填对了吗？A. take over接管；B. look after照顾；C. give off发出；D. go over检查。根据“see if I have filled it out correctly”可知，请求帮忙检查表格，用动词短语go over，符合语境。故选D项。 9. _________ early for the competition, she set the alarm clock. A. Getting up B. To get up C. Get up D. Having got up 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了早早起床参加比赛，她设了闹钟。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入非谓语动词，此处表示目的，所以用动词不定式。故选B。 10. This ancient vase is very special and I will do _________ I can to restore it. A. that B. which C. whatever D. whichever 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这个古代花瓶非常特别，我会尽我所能来修复它。do后接宾语从句，从句中can后省略了动词do，设空处需填宾语从句引导词，且在从句中作宾语表示内容，whatever“任何一切”符合题意。故选C。 11. They queued (排队) for two hours for nothing. They _________ have been told the tickets were sold out. A. would B. may C. must D. should 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：他们白白排队两个小时。他们本应该被告知票已经卖完了。A. would将会；B. may可能；C. must必须；D. should应该。根据空后have been told the tickets were sold out以及常识可知，他们本应该被告知票已经卖完了，这样他们就不需要白白排队两个小时，空处应用should，should have done结构表示“本应该做某事却没做”，符合题意。故选D项。 12. —Tony, you’ve been accepted into our club. —_________ That’s great. A. Good idea! B. Congratulations! C. Have I? D. Pardon? 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——Tony，你已经被我们的俱乐部接受了。——真的吗？太好了！A. Good idea! 好主意！B. Congratulations! 恭喜！C. Have I? 真的吗？D. Pardon? 请再说一遍？根据下文“That’s great.”可知，Tony得知自己被俱乐部接受，最合适的回应是表示惊喜或者确认，因此C选项“真的吗？”最为恰当。故选C。 13. _________ at the center of Beijing, the Forbidden City is mainly built of bricks. A. Located B. Locating C. Being located D. Having located 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：紫禁城位于北京市中心，主要由砖砌成。本句已有谓语动词is，所以locate用非谓语形式作状语，和逻辑主语the Forbidden City之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故选A项。 14. published fifty years ago, his work still attracts much attention at present. A. As B. Though C. Apart from D. Despite 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：尽管他的作品是五十年前出版的，现在仍然吸引大家的关注。A. As 尽管（引导让步状语从句时，要用倒装句）； B. Though尽管 （连词）；C. Apart from 除了（介词）；D. Despite尽管（介词）。此处是状语从句，从句主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语及be动词，完整句子为Though his work was published fifty years ago, his work still attracts much attention at present.本句省略了从句中的his work was。故选B。 15. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _________ his employees enjoy their work. A. where B. which C. when D. that 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：公司老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，让他的员工在其中享受工作。根据句意及主句谓语动词is和空后谓语动词enjoy可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere“氛围”，先行词表地点或环境，空处表工作的环境或氛围，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。故选A。 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Nature was Chen Rui’s “childhood home”. The 37-year-old researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Zoology (中国科学院动物研究所) was not able to talk until he was 4 years old because of the way his brain processes sensory information. This ___16___ him “strange” in some people’s minds. So, he didn’t have friends who were around his age. This led him to turn his ___17___ to nonhuman things around him. He became fascinated (着迷) by the world of ___18___ . “The ___19___ time of my childhood was in the farm fields,” says Chen. “I squatted (蹲下) there, ___20___ the activities of insects, including ants building their homes, grasshoppers nibbling grass and dragonflies flying low. I had so many questions about their activities and was full of ___21___ about this world.” These experiences ___22___ a seed in his heart. Decades later, he’s a scholar who has ___23___ life-science investigations in nearly 100 countries and regions on five continents. He has found around 100 new ___24___ , living and extinct, many of which are named ____25____ him. “I was a child who was ‘cured’ by ____26____ ,” he says. “I wanted to grow up to ____27____ the power of nature with more young people and to popularize understanding of animals, including insects. I wanted to start classes to bring children to learn in the open air and ____28____ the gifts nature endows (赋予).” These aspirations (愿望) led him to recently ____29____ the popular-science book, Du Chong Ji (Reading About Insects). It’s a continuation of a mission he began to act upon ____30____ a freshman in 2006, when he started a(n) ____31____ for people interested in insects at Nanjing Agricultural University. He often ____32____ for members to visit the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, to ____33____ insects. His organization ____34____ had nearly 600 members. After graduating in 2010, Chen was ____35____ to the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences to complete his doctorate in zoology. In 2016, he was recruited (录用) by the Institute of Zoology of the CAS. 16. A. got B. dreamed C. did D. made 17. A. face B. attention C. movement D. back 18. A. herbs B. farming C. pets D. insects 19. A. hardest B. shortest C. happiest D. forgettable 20. A. observing B. playing C. organizing D. ruling 21. A. curiosity B. guilty C. care D. hope 22. A. planted B. liked C. had D. melted 23. A. came out B. brought out C. got down D. engaged in 24. A. countries B. species C. columns D. wastes 25. A. out B. after C. on D. over 26. A. parents B. doctor C. nature D. heart 27. A. reach B. relate C. find D. share 28. A. experience B. wave C. compare D. create 29. A. consume B. publish C. raise D. polish 30 A. as B. about C. with D. under 31. A. test B. research C. association D. newspaper 32. A. arranged B. cycled C. dealt D. drilled 33. A. get through B. knock off C. put out D. look for 34. A. occasionally B. eventually C. precisely D. barely 35. A. admitted B. inspired C. connected D. selected 【答案】16. D 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. A 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了37岁的中国科学院动物研究所研究员陈睿的成长经历，他幼时开始沉迷于大自然，并最终在动物学研究领域取得卓越成就。 【16题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这使他在一些人的心目中显得“奇怪”。A. got得到；B. dreamed梦想着；C. did做；D. made使；制作。本句主语This指代上文“…was not able to talk until he was 4 years old because of the way his brain processes sensory information.”，由此可知，四岁还不会说话会使得人们认为他很怪异。故选D项。 【17题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这使他把注意力转向了他周围的非人类事物。A. face脸；面子；B. attention注意力；C. movement动作；运动；D. back后面，后背。本句主语This指代上一句“So, he didn’t have friends who were around his age.”，由此可知，他没有同龄朋友，不和他人交往，那么他就去关注自然界的事物。故选B项。 【18题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他被昆虫的世界迷住了。A. herbs草药；B. farming耕种；农业；C. pets宠物；D. insects昆虫。根据下文“I squatted (蹲下) there, ___5___ the activities of insects, including ants building their homes, grasshoppers nibbling grass and dragonflies flying low.”可知，他是对昆虫着迷。故选D项。 【19题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我童年最快乐的时光是在农田里，”陈睿说。A. hardest最艰难的；最硬的；B. shortest最短的；最矮的；C. happiest最快乐的；D. forgettable易被忘记的。根据上文“He became fascinated (着迷) by the world of insects .””及下文“I squatted (蹲下) there, ___5___ the activities of insects, including ants building their homes, grasshoppers nibbling grass and dragonflies flying low. I had so many questions about their activities and was full of ___6___ about this world.”可知，他对自然界的一切是热爱的，所以他在田野里度过的应该是快乐的时光。故选C项。 【20题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我蹲在那里，观察昆虫的活动，包括蚂蚁筑巢，蚱蜢啃草和蜻蜓低飞。A. observing观察；庆祝；遵守；B. playing玩耍；播放；演奏；C. organizing组织；D. ruling统治。根据后面宾语“the activities of insects, including ants building their homes, grasshoppers nibbling grass and dragonflies flying low.”可知，这些昆虫的活动应该是他蹲着观察到的。故选A项。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对它们的活动有很多疑问，对这个世界充满了好奇。A. curiosity好奇心；求知欲；B. guilty罪恶；愧疚；C. care关爱；D. hope希望。根据上文“I had so many questions about their activities”可知，他内心有很多疑问，所以他应该是对动物的世界是充满好奇的。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些经历在他心中播下了一颗种子。A. planted种植；B. liked喜欢；C. had拥有；D. melted融化。根据其宾语“a seed”可知，在内心种下一颗种子，这里指一个梦想。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：几十年后的今天，他是一位在五大洲近100个国家和地区从事生命科学研究的学者。A. came out出来；被出版；B. brought out带出来；展现出；C. got down下来；专注于；D. engaged in从事。根据后面宾语“life-science investigations”可知，短语从事……的研究engaged in符合语境。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他发现了大约100个新物种，现存的和灭绝的，其中许多都是以他的名字命名的。A. countries国家；B. species物种；C. columns栏目；D. wastes废物。根据上文“he’s a scholar who has engaged in life-science investigations in nearly 100 countries and regions on five continents.”可知，他从事生命科学研究，该空名词作动词found的宾语，后面形容词定语living and extinct，应是他发现的新物种。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查介词和副词词义辨析。句意：他发现了大约100个新物种，现存的和灭绝的，其中许多都是以他的名字命名的。A. out向外；B. after在……之后；C. on在……之上；关于；D. over结束。固定短语be named after...意为“以……的名字命名”符合语境。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我是一个被大自然‘治愈’的孩子，”他说。A. parents父母；B. doctor医生；C. nature自然；D. heart心；心脏。前文说他小时候语言能力发育迟缓，被人认为怪异，没有朋友，后来他沉迷于大自然，倾心研究动植物，最终成为学者，根据后文“the power of nature”可知，他认为自己是被大自然治愈的。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想长大后与更多的年轻人分享大自然的力量，普及对包括昆虫在内的动物的了解。A. reach到达；联系；够到；B. relate联系；C. find发现；D. share分享。根据后面“the power of nature with more young people and to popularize understanding of animals, including insects.”可知，他本人热爱大自然，此处指他愿意和年轻人分享大自然的力量，传播他对大自然的热爱。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想开设课程，让孩子们在户外学习，体验大自然赋予的馈赠。A. experience体验，经历；B. wave挥手；摇摆；C. compare比较；D. create创造。根据上文“to bring children to learn in the open air”可知，让孩子们在户外学习，应该是亲身体验大自然。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些愿望促使他最近出版了科普书籍《读虫记》。A. consume消费；B. publish出版；发表；C. raise升高；抚养；筹集；D. polish磨亮；润色。根据后面宾语“the popular-science book, Du Chong Ji (Reading About Insects) ”可知，应该是出版了一本书。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：2006年，作为一名大一新生，他在南京农业大学创办了一个昆虫爱好者协会，这是他使命的延续。A. as作为；B. about关于；C. with和……一起；D. under在……之下。根据宾语“a freshman(新生)”可知，这是他创办这个协会时候的身份，介词as意为“作为”符合语境。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：2006年，作为一名大一新生，他在南京农业大学创办了一个昆虫爱好者协会，这是他使命的延续。A. test检测；测验；B. research研究；C. association联想；联系；社团，协会。D. newspaper报纸。根据下文“His organization ___19___ had nearly 600 members.”可知，他创建了一个组织。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他经常安排成员去江苏南京的紫金山寻找昆虫。A. arranged安排；B. cycled循环；汽车；C. dealt处理；D. drilled练习；钻井，打眼。arrange for sb. to do sth.意为“安排某人做某事”符合语境，这里指社团的活动。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他经常安排成员去江苏南京的紫金山寻找昆虫。A. get through通过；完成；B. knock off停止做；克服，战胜；C. put out扑灭，熄灭；D. look for寻找。根据上文“for members to visit the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing, Jiangsu province”可知，他们这个昆虫爱好者协会的活动内容应该是在山里寻找昆虫。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的组织最终拥有近600名成员。A. occasionally偶尔；B. eventually最终，终于；C. precisely精确地；D. barely仅仅；几乎不。根据后面“nearly 600 members”可知，几乎600名成员应该是这个协会不断发展壮大的结果。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2010年毕业后，陈睿被中国科学院大学录取，攻读动物学博士学位。A. admitted承认；允许进入，录取；B. inspired激励，鼓舞；启发；C. connected联系，连接；D. selected选择。根据下文“to the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences to complete his doctorate in zoology.”可知，他是被一所大学录取，去攻读博士学位。固定短语be admitted to意为“被……录取”符合语境。故选A项。 第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2. 5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Choosing a college is about more than the name on the diploma (文凭) . Where students go to school touches many aspects of their lives, from academic studies to social activities and beyond. Considering the importance of this decision, prospective students should think carefully about their options. Follow these steps to help you make a college decision. Develop your short list. A lot of thought should go into developing a short list of schools you would like to attend. Brennan Barnard and Rick Clark, authors of “The Truth About College Admission: A Family Guide to Getting In and Staying Together,” urge students to think about location, enrollment size (招生规模) , majors and programs, the people on campus, opportunities outside of the classroom, cost and selectivity when crafting a list. Revisit schools. Once applications are in, it's time to think hard about where you want to attend, which may lead another visit. While you should have gotten a feel for campus life during initial college tours, take another trip to each school and come up with a list of 10 to 15 detailed questions, says Bob Roth, author of several books on college success. Know what to ask on a college visit, and don't leave with any questions unanswered. Meeting with current students is another way to measure campus culture, as they can provide insight about social activities and classroom experiences for certain majors. But taking a campus tour can be expensive, considering travel costs. If a return trip is out of the question, take a second look at the campus via a virtual tour and reach out to college officials or students with any follow-up questions. Compare financial aid awards. If you're looking to graduate from college with little or no debt, carefully compare financial aid packages. It's wise to look beyond the tuition and see what additional costs apply, like housing and meal plans. Understand the difference between free money-such as grants (补助金) and scholarships —and loans, which you'll have to pay back eventually. Some colleges offer generous financial aid packages meeting full financial need, meaning those students are not required to take out loans. Communicate with family. Many parents have fond memories of their college campus and want their children to share that same experience. But what was the best fit for a parent, may not be the best fit for the student. Create an open dialogue during the decision-making process. Give your parents reasons as to why you want to attend a particular college, like an interest in a specific academic program or study abroad opportunity. 36. What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A. The list of colleges you would like to attend should be as short as possible. B. There are many factors to consider before choosing a college. C. You should list as many schools as possible before choosing a college. D. The most important thing to consider when choosing a college is the location. 37. According to Paragraph 3, why do you need to visit the schools again? A. Because a virtual tour to the campus is always less convenient than a physical visit. B. Because it is good to get to know more current students before school starts. C. Because the cost of taking a campus tour is not as expensive as you think. D. Because you need to know more about these schools before making a final decision. 38. What does the author suggest about financial aid awards? A. You don't need to worry about the cost of rent and food. B. You need to know what money you need to pay back and what you don't. C. All you need to consider when choosing a college is the cost of tuition. D. It's unwise to choose a college whose financial aid package covers all financial needs. 39. According to Paragraph 5, which of the following may NOT be a reason for parents to let students choose the college they attended? A. They have had an investment in the college. B. They had met very good professors at that college. C. The college has a beautiful view. D. The college has friendly staff. 40. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? A. To draw students' attention to college life. B. To help students find the right college. C. To provide students with access to college. D. To share his experience on selecting college. 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。短文主要讲述了选择大学的重要性，并提出了几个措施以帮助学生做出决定。首先，要深思熟虑地列出你想就读的学校名单,考虑地点、规模、专业等要素。其次，重新访问这些学校，提出具体问题，了解校园文化和专业体验。第三，比较不同的经济援助方案，注意区分助学金和贷款。最后，与家人沟通，共同探讨为何某所学校最适合你，保持决策过程中的开放对话。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Brennan Barnard and Rick Clark, authors of “The Truth About College Admission: A Family Guide to Getting In and Staying Together,” urge students to think about location, enrollment size (招生规模) , majors and programs, the people on campus, opportunities outside of the classroom, cost and selectivity when crafting a list. (东伦南·巴纳德和里克·克拉克是《大学录取的真相：进入大学并在一起的家庭指南》一书的作者，他敦促学生在制作名单时考虑学校的地理位置、招生规模、专业和项目、校园里的人、课堂外的机会、成本和选择性。) ”可知，在选择大学之前有很多因素需要考虑。故选B。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“While you should have gotten a feel for campus life during initial college tours, take another trip to each school and come up with a list of 10 to 15 detailed questions, says Bob Roth, author of several books on college success. Know what to ask on a college visit, and don't leave with any questions unanswered. (写过几本关于大学成功的书的鲍勃·罗斯(Bob Roth)说，虽然你应该在最初的大学之旅中对校园生活有所了解，但你应该再去一趟每所学校，并列出10到15个详细的问题。在参观大学时要知道该问些什么，不要留下任何没有回答的问题，) ”可知，再次访问学校是因为在做最后决定之前你需要更多地了解这些学校。故选D。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“It's wise to look beyond the tuition and see what additional costs apply, like housing and meal plans. Understand the difference between free money-such as grants (补助金) and scholarships —and loans, which you'll have to pay back eventually. (明智的做法是考虑学费之外的问题，看看有哪些额外费用需要支付，比如住房和膳食计划。了解免费金(如助学金和奖学金)和贷款之间的区别，贷款是你最终必须偿还的。) ”可知作者对助学金的建议是需要知道哪些钱需要还，哪些不需要还。故选B。 【39题详解】 细节理解题，根据最后一段“Many parents have fond memories of their college campus and want their children to share that same experience. But what was the best fit for a parent, may not be the best fit for the student. Create an open dialogue during the decision-making process. Give your parents reasons as to why you want to attend a particular college, like an interest in a specific academic program or study abroad opportunity. (许多父母对大学校园都有美好的回忆，希望他们的孩子也能分享同样的经历。但最适合家长的，未必最适合学生，在决策过程中建立一个开放的对话。告诉你的父母你想上某所大学的原因，比如对某个特定的学术课程感兴趣，或者有出国留学的机会。) ”可知，他们对这所大学进行了投资不是家长让学生选择就读大学的原因。故选A。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Choosing a college is about more than the name on the diploma (文凭) . Where students go to school touches many aspects of their lives, from academic studies to social activities and beyond. Considering the importance of this decision, prospective students should think carefully about their options. Follow these steps to help you make a college decision. (选择一所大学不仅仅是文凭上的名字。学生上哪所学校涉及他们生活的许多方面，从学术研究到社会活动等等。考虑到这个决定的重要性，未来的学生应该仔细考虑他们的选择。遵循以下措施来帮助你做出大学的决定。) ”可知作者写这篇文章的目的是帮助学生找到合适的大学。故选B。 B The little country schoolhouse was heated by an old-fashioned, pot-bellied coal stove (煤炉) . A little boy had the job of coming to school early each day to start the fire and warm the room before his teacher and his classmates arrived. One morning they arrived to find the schoolhouse engulfed in flames (被火焰吞没) . They dragged the unconscious little boy out of the flaming building more dead than alive. He had major burns over the lower half of his body and was taken to a nearby county hospital. His mother was told that he was sure to die. Even if he were to survive, he would be a cripple (瘸子) throughout his life. But the brave boy did not want to die nor did he want to be a cripple. Much to be the amazement of the doctor, he did survive. But unfortunately from his waist down, he had no motor ability. His thin legs just dangled (悬荡) there, lifeless. Ultimately he was released from the hospital. But his determination to walk was as strong as ever. At home, when he was not in bed, he was limited to a wheelchair. One day, he threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him. He reached the fence, raised himself up and then stake by stake, he began dragging himself along the fence, and decided that he would walk. He did this every day, with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided. With his iron persistence and his resolute determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to walk slowly, then to walk by himself and then to run. He began to walk to school, then run to school, to run for the sheer joy of running. Later in college he made the track team. In February 1934, in New York City's famed Madison Square Garden, this young man who was not expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run-this determined young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the world's fastest mile. 41. Why did the little boy go to school early every day? A To decorate the classroom. B. To clean the classroom. C. To light the stove. D. To give teachers and classmates a surprise. 42. What can be concluded from Paragraph 2? A. The little boy was badly burned. B. The little boy lost the lower part of his body. C. The little boy was crippled. D. The little boy's mother was sure he was going to die. 43. What problem did the little boy face when he left hospital? A. He didn't have long to live. B. He might never walk again. C. He had no motor ability. D. He lost his legs. 44. How did the little boy walk again? A. By throwing himself from the wheelchair. B. By climbing on the fence. C. By pulling himself along the fence each day. D. By joining the track team. 45. Dr. Glenn Cunningham's 1934 race result was A. depressing. B. challenging C. promising D. impressive 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个小男孩在一次学校火灾中严重受伤，医生认为他活下来的可能性很小，即使活下来也会成为瘸子。然而，小男孩凭借坚强的意志力，不仅活了下来，还通过不懈的努力，最终能够行走，甚至在大学时加入了田径队，并在1934年在纽约麦迪逊广场花园创造了世界最快的一英里跑纪录。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A little boy had the job of coming to school early each day to start the fire and warm the room before his teacher and his classmates arrived. (一个小男孩每天都要早来学校，在老师和同学们到来之前生火取暖。)”可知，小男孩每天早来学校是为了生火取暖。故选C。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“They dragged the unconscious little boy out of the flaming building more dead than alive. He had major burns over the lower half of his body and was taken to a nearby county hospital. (他们把昏迷不醒的小男孩从着火的大楼里拖了出来，他已经半死不活了。他的下半身有严重烧伤，被送往附近的县医院。)”可知，小男孩被严重烧伤。故选A。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But unfortunately from his waist down, he had no motor ability. His thin legs just dangled (悬荡) there, lifeless. (但不幸的是，从他的腰部以下，他没有运动能力。他的瘦腿只是在那里晃荡着，毫无生气。)”可知，小男孩出院后面临着再也不能走路的问题。故选B。 44题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One day, he threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him. He reached the fence, raised himself up and then stake by stake, he began dragging himself along the fence, and decided that he would walk. (有一天，他从椅子上跳下来，拖着双腿穿过草地。他到达栅栏，站起身来，然后一根一根地，他开始沿着栅栏拖着自己，决定要走路。)”可知，小男孩是通过每天沿着栅栏拖着自己来重新走路的。故选C。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In February 1934, in New York City's famed Madison Square Garden, this young man who was not expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run-this determined young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the world's fastest mile. (1934年2月，在纽约市著名的麦迪逊广场花园，这个不被期望能活下来、肯定不会走路、也不可能希望跑步的年轻人——格伦·坎宁安博士，跑出了世界上最快的一英里。)”可知，格伦·坎宁安博士在1934年的比赛结果是令人印象深刻的。故选D。 C Many animals and plants are endangered in the world today. These endangered species are threatened with becoming extinct, meaning they will no longer exist on Earth. Examples include the Cuban Macaw and the Sri Lankan Legume Tree. Hunting, and collecting of the Macaw bird for pets, led to its extinction. Whilst the main reason the native Sri Lankan Legume Tree went extinct was due to habitat loss from development in the 20h century. The main cause for animals and plants disappearing is often a disruption (扰乱) to the food chain due to hunting, habitat loss or even the introduction of invasive (入侵的) species. Every living thing from one-celled animals to a blue whale needs to eat. Nature is connected and controlled by many fragile (脆弱的) food chains. A food chain describes who eats whom in a habitat. When one of the links in a food chain is no longer present — for example, a species goes extinct — the food chain breaks and sometimes this can cause other animals to disappear and the whole system can become imbalanced or even collapsed. Humans can have disastrous effects on food chains. When people first explored the world, they took animal and plant species from their home countries to the places they explored and settled in. They did not realise the consequences of introducing invasive species. By doing so, they were disrupting the natural food chains of the areas they explored. Nowadays there are strict rules controlling the movement of animals and plants between countries. But some parts of the world are still experiencing problems with invasive species introduced hundreds of years ago. With rising awareness of how we affect the natural environment, hopefully we can learn to protect these food chains and help them to thrive. Otherwise the continued loss of species will eventually mean our own extinction. 46. What could be inferred from Paragraph 1? A. Macaws are extinct because of habitat loss B. Sri Lankan Legume Tree became extinct because of seed collecting. C. The invasive species may lead to the extinction of the native species. D. The main cause of plants extinction is hunting. 47. What can we learn about food chain from Paragraph 2? A. It only affects one-celled animals. B. It decides the balance of the whole system. C. It is always broken by invasive species. D. It is controlled by fragile nature. 48. According to Paragraph 3, how did humans affect food chains in areas they explored? A. By settling in. B. By taking away native species. C. By hunting local animals. D. By introducing foreign species. 49. The underlined word “thrive” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________. A. to continue to live or exist B. to grow toward full stature or physical or mental maturity C. to become, and continue to be, successful, strong, healthy, etc. D. to get away from an unpleasant or dangerous situation 50. According to the author, which of the following is correct? A. The food chain will always find a way to be balanced. B. The natural world experiences times of damage but it always can recover. C. Human activity, in all forms, tends to cause great destruction to the natural world. D. Despite the climate change caused by humans, plants and animals will go extinct naturally. 【答案】46. C 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先介绍了一些濒危物种的例子，然后解释了食物链的重要性和人类活动对食物链的破坏，最后呼吁人们提高保护意识，以防止物种灭绝。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“The main cause for animals and plants disappearing is often a disruption (扰乱) to the food chain due to hunting, habitat loss or even the introduction of invasive (入侵的) species.(动植物消失的主要原因通常是由于狩猎、栖息地丧失甚至引入入侵物种而扰乱食物链)”可知，入侵物种可能导致本地物种的灭绝。故选C。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“When one of the links in a food chain is no longer present—for example, a species goes extinct—the food chain breaks and sometimes this can cause other animals to disappear and the whole system can become imbalanced or even collapsed.(当食物链中的一个环节不再存在时——例如，一个物种灭绝——食物链就会断裂，有时这会导致其他动物消失，整个系统可能会变得不平衡甚至崩溃)”可知，食物链决定着整个系统的平衡。故选B。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“When people first explored the world, they took animal and plant species from their home countries to the places they explored and settled in. They did not realise the consequences of introducing invasive species. By doing so, they were disrupting the natural food chains of the areas they explored.(当人们第一次探索世界时，他们把动植物物种从自己的国家带到他们探索和定居的地方。他们没有意识到引入入侵物种的后果。通过这样做，他们扰乱了他们探索的地区的自然食物链)”可知，人类在他们探索的地区通过引入外来物种来对食物链产生影响。故选D。 【49题详解】 词义猜测题。根据最后一段“With rising awareness of how we affect the natural environment, hopefully we can learn to protect these food chains and help them to…. Otherwise the continued loss of species will eventually mean our own extinction.(随着我们对如何影响自然环境的意识不断提高，希望我们能学会保护这些食物链，并帮助它们……。否则，物种的持续丧失最终将意味着我们自己的灭绝)”可知，划线词thrive的意思是“繁荣，茁壮成长”。故选C。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“With rising awareness of how we affect the natural environment, hopefully we can learn to protect these food chains and help them to thrive. Otherwise the continued loss of species will eventually mean our own extinction.(随着我们对如何影响自然环境的意识不断提高，希望我们能学会保护这些食物链，并帮助它们繁荣发展。否则，物种的持续丧失最终将意味着我们自己的灭绝)可知，作者认为各种形式的人类活动会给自然世界造成巨大破坏。故选C。 D Antarctica (南极洲) is the coldest place on Earth. It's also the driest. With annual rainfall close to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert. Covering about 14 million square kilometers around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world. A high mountain range, the Trans-Antarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two. There are volcanoes too, but they are not very active. Antarctica holds 90% of the world's ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state, of course. 98% of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap. On average it is two kilometers thick, but in some places it reaches a depth of five kilometers. Strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline, while other winds blow round the coast. It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable (不宜居的) place. Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions. There are different types of penguins, flying birds, seals, and whales. But the long Antarctic winter night, which lasts for 182 days (the longest period of continuous darkness on earth) , as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plants can survive there. Only two types of flowering plants are found, while there are no trees on the large continent. The rest of the plants are made up of mosses, algae and lichen. Some forms of algae have adapted to grow on ice. Most of the ice has been there for thousands of years. As a result it has become a window on the past, and can give researchers lots of useful information. Gases and minerals, in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the world's climate was like in past ages. Antarctic rocks are also very important for research. Most of them are meteorites (陨石) from outer space. One rock, known as the “Alien” rock, may contain evidence of extra-terrestrial (外星人) life. Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered. But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north. They called it Anti-Arktikos, or Antarctica: the opposite of Arctic (北极) . When Europeans discovered the continent of America in 15 century, the great age of exploration began. However, progress to the South Pole was slow. Not until the late 18h century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land. Then in 1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland. The race to the pole had begun. It was finally reached on 11th December, 1911 by the Norwegian Roald Amundsen. 51. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to _________. A. tell us about the history of the discovery of Antarctica B. tell us that Antarctica is completely covered in thick ice C. introduce the distribution of fresh water in Antarctica D. introduce the basic information about Antarctica 52. What does the author mainly want to tell us in Paragraph 2? A. All Antarctic plants grow on ice. B. Animals can't survive the Antarctic polar night. C. Antarctica has a great variety of plants. D. Despite the extreme conditions in Antarctica, many plants and animals live there. 53. What does the author intend to show with the example of the “Alien (外星人) ” rock? A. There are aliens in Antarctica. B. Meteorites all contain evidence of alien existence. C. There's a lot to study in Antarctica. D. Rocks are rare in Antarctica. 54. What could we learn from the last paragraph? A. The Greek geographers found the Antarctica. B. James Cook was the first explorer who reached the South Pole. C. A Norwegian reached the South Pole first. D. Humans first set foot on the Antarctic mainland in 1911. 55. What makes the best title for the passage? A. A Race to the South Pole B. Antarctica: the Last Continent C. The wildlife of Antarctica D. Antarctica: A desert 【答案】51. D 52. D 53. C 54. C 55. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了南极洲地理特征、气候、野生动植物以及科学研究价值等方面的信息。 【51题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Antarctica (南极洲) is the coldest place on Earth. It's also the driest. With annual rainfall close to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert. Covering about 14 million square kilometers around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world. A high mountain range, the Trans-Antarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two. There are volcanoes too, but they are not very active. Antarctica holds 90% of the world's ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state, of course. 98% of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap. On average it is two kilometers thick, but in some places it reaches a depth of five kilometers. Strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline, while other winds blow round the coast. It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable (不宜居的) place.(南极洲是地球上最冷的地方。它也是最干燥的。由于年降雨量接近于零，严格来说，南极洲是一片沙漠。它环绕南极，面积约1400万平方公里，是世界上第五大大陆。横贯南极的山脉从东向西延伸，将大陆一分为二。那里也有火山，但不是很活跃。南极洲拥有世界上90%的冰，当然，它的大部分淡水(70%)都处于冻结状态。98%的表面永久地被冰盖覆盖着。冰盖的平均厚度为两公里，但在某些地方，冰盖的深度达到五公里。由重力驱动的强风从极点吹向海岸线，而其他风则绕着海岸吹。很难想象还有比这里更荒凉的地方了)”可知，本段的目的是介绍南极洲的基本情况。故选D项。 【52题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions. There are different types of penguins, flying birds, seals, and whales. But the long Antarctic winter night, which lasts for 182 days (the longest period of continuous darkness on earth) , as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plants can survive there. Only two types of flowering plants are found, while there are no trees on the large continent. The rest of the plants are made up of mosses, algae and lichen. Some forms of algae have adapted to grow on ice.(然而，南极洲到处都是野生动物，它们已经适应了这里的极端环境。有不同种类的企鹅、飞鸟、海豹和鲸鱼。但南极漫长的冬夜长达182天(地球上最长的连续黑暗时期)，加上极端寒冷和缺乏降雨，意味着很少有植物能在那里生存。只有两种开花植物被发现，而在这个大大陆上没有树木。其余的植物由苔藓、藻类和地衣组成。有些种类的藻类已经适应了在冰上生长)”可知，本段主要讲述了尽管南极洲条件极端，但许多动植物都生活在那里。故选D项。 【53题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Most of the ice has been there for thousands of years. As a result, it has become a window on the past, and can give researchers lots of useful information. Gases and minerals, in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the world's climate was like in past ages. Antarctic rocks are also very important for research. Most of them are meteorites (陨石) from outer space. One rock, known as the “Alien” rock, may contain evidence of extra-terrestrial (外星人) life.(大部分冰已经存在了数千年。因此，它已经成为一个过去的窗口，可以给研究人员提供许多有用的信息。气体和矿物质，以火山灰的形式被困在冰中，可以告诉我们很多关于过去世界气候的信息。南极岩石对研究也很重要。其中大部分是来自外太空的陨石。其中一块岩石，被称为“外星”岩石，可能包含外星生命的证据)”可知，作者想用“异形”岩石的例子说明南极洲有很多值得研究的地方。故选C项。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered. But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north. They called it Anti-Arktikos, or Antarctica: the opposite of Arctic (北极) . When Europeans discovered the continent of America in 15 century, the great age of exploration began. However, progress to the South Pole was slow. Not until the late 18h century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land. Then in 1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland. The race to the pole had begun. It was finally reached on 11th December, 1911 by the Norwegian Roald Amundsen.(南极洲是最后一个被发现的大陆。但两千多年前，希腊地理学家认为，在南方有一大片陆地，与北方的陆地相平衡。他们称之为“反南极”，也就是南极：北极的对立面。当欧洲人在15世纪发现美洲大陆时，伟大的探险时代开始了。然而，前往南极的进程是缓慢的。直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越南极圈，但他从未见过陆地。1895年，一位名叫卡斯滕斯·波格雷文克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。到极点的竞赛开始了。1911年12月11日，挪威人罗尔德·阿蒙森终于到达了这里)”可知，一个挪威人首先到达南极。故选C项。 【55题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Antarctica (南极洲) is the coldest place on Earth. It's also the driest. With annual rainfall close to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert. Covering about 14 million square kilometers around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world. A high mountain range, the Trans-Antarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two. There are volcanoes too, but they are not very active. Antarctica holds 90% of the world's ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state, of course. 98% of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap. On average it is two kilometers thick, but in some places it reaches a depth of five kilometers. Strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline, while other winds blow round the coast. It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable (不宜居的) place.(南极洲是地球上最冷的地方。它也是最干燥的。由于年降雨量接近于零，严格来说，南极洲是一片沙漠。它环绕南极，面积约1400万平方公里，是世界上第五大大陆。横贯南极的山脉从东向西延伸，将大陆一分为二。那里也有火山，但不是很活跃。南极洲拥有世界上90%的冰，当然，它的大部分淡水(70%)都处于冻结状态。98%的表面永久地被冰盖覆盖着。冰盖的平均厚度为两公里，但在某些地方，冰盖的深度达到五公里。由重力驱动的强风从极点吹向海岸线，而其他风则绕着海岸吹。很难想象还有比这里更荒凉的地方了)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了南极洲的地理特征、气候、野生动植物以及科学研究价值等方面的信息，所说义B项“ Antarctica: the Last Continent(南极洲：最后的大陆)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。 第Ⅱ卷 注意事项： 1. 用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。 2. 本卷共6题，共35分。 第三部分：写作 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 At 16 years old, Sam had always been a relatively good student. He put in an effort to get good grades and keep his parents happy. Neither of his parents had had the opportunity to attend university and for them, Sam becoming a lawyer was their biggest ambition. He knew that achieving this goal would make them happy, but the truth was that he wasn’t sure whether he would feel the same. Since he was only a child, Sam had been passionate about computer programming. He taught himself how to use a computer, and by the age of 12 he had known three different programming languages. He did all of this in his spare time. He was quite an introvert (内向的人) , so he preferred staying in with his computer, rather than going out socialising or playing sports. His parents were fine with this, as long as he continued to focus on his studies. One day, while reading an article online about a young technology billionaire called Thomas O’Connor, everything changed for Sam. In the article, the CEO said that his company was trying to create a new and improved way of paying for goods online but that they were having a problem with the security system. He said if they could overcome this, they could launch the biggest and best online payment system in the world. Sam realised he had an idea on how to solve this problem. Thinking that it wouldn’t come to anything, he emailed the CEO, introducing himself and explaining his idea. He forgot all about it and got on with his life and studies, but then a month later, the most amazing thing happened. He got a response directly from the CEO. He told him he loved his idea and would like him to fly to America to meet with him. He said he knew Sam still needed to finish school, but that when he had, he would be happy to offer Sam a job in the company. Sam was overjoyed, but soon began to worry. What about his parents’ ambition for him? Should he tell them or turn down the offer? It was a difficult decision to make. 56. What was Sam’s parents’ biggest hope for him? (no more than 10 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 57. How did Sam learn to use a computer? (no more than 5 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 58. Why did Sam email the CEO? (no more than 15 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 59. What did the CEO promise Sam? (no more than 10 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 60. Do you think Sam should tell his parents about the offer? And give your reasons. (no more than 20 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】56. His parents expected him to become a lawyer. 57. He was self-taught. 58. He had an idea to solve the company’s problem. 59. He promised to offer Sam a job after he graduated. 60. Yes, I think so. Because parents will know it sooner or later, it is better to explain earlier. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过叙述主人公Sam的故事展开，详细描述了他的内心冲突和重要的人生抉择。 【56题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“Neither of his parents had had the opportunity to attend university and for them, Sam becoming a lawyer was their biggest ambition.(他的父母都没有机会上大学，对他们来说，山姆成为一名律师是他们最大的抱负。)”可知，山姆父母最大的希望是他成为一名律师。故答案为His parents expected him to become a lawyer. 【57题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“He taught himself how to use a computer, and by the age of 12 he had known three different programming languages.(他自学如何使用电脑，到 12 岁时，他已经知道三种不同的编程语言)”可知，山姆是通过自学的方式学会使用电脑的。故答案为He was self-taught. 【58题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“In the article, the CEO said that his company was trying to create a new and improved way of paying for goods online but that they were having a problem with the security system. (这位首席执行官在文章中表示，他的公司正试图创造一种新的、改进的在线支付方式，但他们的安全系统出现了问题)”和“Sam realised he had an idea on how to solve this problem. Thinking that it wouldn't come to anything, he emailed the CEO, introducing himself and explaining his idea.(山姆意识到他有一个解决这个问题的想法。他认为这不会有什么结果，于是给首席执行官发了一封电子邮件，自我介绍并解释了自己的想法)”可知，山姆给首席执行官发邮件是因为他有一个解决公司支付系统安全问题的想法。故答案为He had an idea to solve the company’s problem. 【59题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“He said he knew Sam still needed to finish school, but that when he had, he would be happy to offer Sam a job in the company.(他说他知道山姆还需要完成学业，但当他完成学业时，他很乐意给山姆在公司提供一份工作)”可知，首席执行官承诺等山姆毕业后给他提供一份工作。故答案为He promised to offer Sam a job after he graduated. 【60题详解】 考查开放答题。根据最后一段“He got a response directly from the CEO. He told him he loved his idea and would like him to fly to America to meet with him. He said he knew Sam still needed to finish school, but that when he had, he would be happy to offer Sam a job in the company.(他直接收到首席执行官的回复，首席执行官告诉他非常喜欢他的点子，并希望他能飞到美国与他会面。首席执行官表示他知道山姆还需要完成学业，但一旦完成，他会很高兴在公司为山姆提供一份工作)”可知，虽然山姆没有按照父母的期望成为一名律师，但是山姆即将得到一份理想的工作，同样会让他的父母高兴。因此山姆应该告知父母，因为他们迟早都会知道真相，提前解释会更好。故答案为Yes, I think so. Because parents will know it sooner or later, it is better to explain earlier. 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假定你是高三学生李津，上周末，你和同学参加了一次志愿者活动。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，介绍这次活动，内容包括： （1）活动主题； （2）活动过程； （3）个人感受。 注意： （1）词数不少于100； （2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； （3）题目已给出，不计入总词数。 My Weekend ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 My Weekend Last Tuesday, our class organized a volunteer activity where we visited the kitchen of our school dining hall and helped do some cleaning there. At 9 a.m., we got there and received a warm welcome. When we visited the kitchen, cooks gave us a description of the things they use every day. We helped them prepare food for lunch and clean up the dining hall. Then we had lunch together and gave them the presents we had prepared. This activity ended at about three in the afternoon. The cooks make many delicious dishes for us every day and we should care about and respect them. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。上周末，考生和同学参加了一次志愿者活动，要求考生按照要求为班级英语角写一篇短文，介绍这次活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参观：visit→ pay a visit to 到达：get→ arrive 礼物：present→ gift 美味的：delicious→ tasty 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：We helped them prepare food for lunch and clean up the dining hall. 拓展句：Not only did we help them prepare food for lunch, but also we cleaned up the dining hall. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Last Tuesday, our class organized a volunteer activity where we visited the kitchen of our school dining hall and helped do some cleaning there.（运用了where引导的定语从句） 【高分句型2】When we visited the kitchen, cooks gave us a description of the things they use every day.（运用了When引导的时间状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$