精品解析：四川省眉山市东坡区2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末联合考试英语试题

东坡区22级高二期末联合考试 英语试卷 第一部分 听力(共两节；每小题1.5分，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. How many kilos does the man weigh now? A.62. B.54. C.50. 2. What does the man need to do? A. Look up a word. B. Borrow a dictionary. C. Deal with his email. 3. Why does the woman need new sheets? A. The old ones were worn. B. The old ones were ugly. C. The old ones were too small. 4. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Their futures. B. Their family. C. Their travel plans. 5. What is the man mostly worried about? A. The noisy passengers. B. The safety of the airplane. C. The service of the flight attendant. 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. How many dogs do the speakers have? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. 7. Why does the woman change her mind about the cat? A. She doesn’t want it to die. B. She wants more animals. C. She has enough money and room for it. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. Who will Jenny marry? A. Tim. B. Nick. C. Mike. 9. What does the woman say about the wedding? A. It will be held abroad. B. It will be in a big hotel. C. It will be decorated with red roses. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What kind of food does the man want to eat? A. Beef. B. Chicken C. Ham sandwich. 11. When will the man’s son receive his food? A. In about ten minutes. B. In about two minutes. C. In about one minute. 12. Where does the conversation most likely take place? A. In a restaurant. B. In a movie theater. C. On a plane. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What is the most important to the woman about her dream house? A. The decoration. B. The space. C. The view. 14. How many bathrooms does the woman want? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. 15. What would the woman plan to do for her dream house? A. Have vases in every room. B. Keep a few things in drawers. C. Put some pictures on the walls. 16. Where will the woman put the TV? A. In the kitchen. B. In the bedroom. C. In the living room. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What does Robert do? A. A golfer. B. A club organizer. C. A coach. 18. Why did the woman congratulate Robert? A. She admired him. B. She was a friend of his. C. She wanted to get money from him. 19. What did Robert do after hearing the woman’s story? A. He paid all hospital bills for her. B. He gave his own prize to the woman. C. He sent the woman’s son to the hospital. 20. How did Robert feel after knowing the truth? A. Happy. B. Angry. C. Sad. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节；满分 50 分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题 2.5分，满分 37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Whether you’re a thrill-seeker looking for the world’s most intense roller coasters or a family planning a vacation filled with fun for parents and kids, theme parks have something for everyone. Here are some fantastic options for you. Tokyo DisneySea, Japan Tokyo Disney Resort tops the must-visit list for many Disney theme park fans. Tokyo Disneyland is very similar to Magic Kingdom in Florida or Disneyland Park in California, but Tokyo DisneySea is unique with its nautical (海上的) theme, fantastical lands and beautiful sections inspired by the Mediterranean, Arabian and American coasts. Ferrari World Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates This primarily indoor Ferrari-inspired theme park in Abu Dhabi is a must-visit for car and thrill lovers. It’s home to the world’s fastest roller coaster Formula Rossa, which reaches speeds of 149 mph. When visiting, make sure you also take advantage of the driving experiences, on which you can go around Yas Island behind the wheel of a Ferrari. Tivoli Gardens, Denmark One of the world’s oldest operating amusement parks, Tivoli Gardens is a must-visit attraction in the heart of Copenhagen. The park dates back to 1843, and it has rides, theaters, and restaurants spread across its charming grounds and gardens. During the holidays, the park is extra magical with its annual festival when the scene lights up with decorations. Efteling, Netherlands Efteling is the Netherlands’ largest and one of Europe’s most-visited amusement parks. Its imaginative rides, gardens and attractions are themed to Dutch folklore and fairy tales, including a 15-acre Fairytale Forest with more than two dozen scenes. For example, thrill-seekers can line up for a thrill ride on the Flying Dutchman water coaster. 1. Where should you go if you are into beaches? A. Tokyo DisneySea. B. Ferrari World Abu Dhabi. C. Tivoli Gardens. D. Efteling. 2. What is special about Ferrari World Abu Dhabi? A. It is mostly visited by thrill lovers. B. It offers driving experiences to visitors. C. It has the fastest roller coaster in the world. D. It is the only indoor theme park in Abu Dhabi. 3. What do Tivoli Gardens and Efteling have in common? A. They boast a long history. B. They hold annual festivals. C. They provide water coasters. D. They include rides and gardens. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了4个主题公园。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Tokyo DisneySea, Japan部分中“Tokyo DisneySea is unique with its nautical (海上的) theme, fantastical lands and beautiful sections inspired by the Mediterranean, Arabian and American coasts.(东京迪士尼海洋是独一无二的，它以航海为主题，奇幻的土地和美丽的部分，灵感来自地中海、阿拉伯和美洲海岸)”可知，如果你喜欢海滩，你应该去东京迪士尼海洋。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Ferrari World Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates部分中“It’s home to the world’s fastest roller coaster Formula Rossa, which reaches speeds of 149 mph.(这里有世界上最快的过山车Formula Rossa，时速可达149英里)”可知，阿布扎比法拉利世界的特别之处是它有世界上最快的过山车。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Tivoli Gardens, Denmark部分中“The park dates back to 1843, and it has rides, theaters, and restaurants spread across its charming grounds and gardens.(这个公园的历史可以追溯到1843年，它有游乐设施、剧院和餐馆，分布在迷人的地面和花园中)”和Efteling, Netherlands部分中“Its imaginative rides, gardens and attractions are themed to Dutch folklore and fairy tales, including a 15-acre Fairytale Forest with more than two dozen scenes.(它富有想象力的游乐设施、花园和景点都以荷兰民间传说和童话为主题，包括一个15英亩的童话森林，有20多个场景)”可知，Tivoli Gardens和Efteling的共同点是它们都包括游乐设施和花园。故选D项。 B Tonight, our family was going out to play under the full moon. My husband Todd and I first started going on full moon walks for ourselves, as we needed these little doses of moonlight to stay happy, though sometimes we had to hike through the forest to find a perfect spot. But after we became parents, we did this for our children. We wanted to show Sierra and Bryce that it was not necessary to travel far from home to have an adventure and learn something new, and that there was much magic in the natural world, available to all. Once we arrived at our location, Sierra and I stood holding hands, waiting to cheer the full moon in its rising — a thin sliver of the moon emerged above the ridge of the mountain afar. Soon, more of the moon came out until it turned into a brilliant orange sphere (球体). Todd explained to Sierra and Bryce that the moon generates no light, but simply acts like a mirror, reflecting the sunlight back to us. “Does the moon’s face change?” Bryce asked. I told him that the moon moves around the earth, but does not spin (旋转) by itself, so the same side of the moon is always facing the earth. Sierra remarked that the moon looked larger when it was rising. I explained that it is a visual illusion (错觉) because it is so close to the horizon that the moon magically tricks our eyes into comparing it with nearby objects. Much of the knowledge that I shared with the kids was learned from my parents. During my childhood, they would take me on educational adventures out in the woods, and as I later found, so did their parents. So every time I go for a full moon walk with my beloved family, I thank those wise educators who came before me. To educate, sometimes all it takes is going outdoors and gazing up at the heavens. 4. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Traveling far from home. B. Learning something new. C. Hiking through the forest. D. Going on full moon walks. 5. What can we know about the family outing? A. The children were unwilling to participate. B. Todd mentioned a mirror to explain the sunlight. C. The children showed great curiosity about the moon. D. The author used a magic trick to explain the larger moon. 6. Which of the following words can best describe the parents? A. Proud and stubborn. B. Learned and inspiring. C. Confident and determined. D. Adventurous and ambitious. 7. What message does the author mainly try to get across to the readers? A. Nature is the best classroom. B. It takes a village to raise a child. C. It is good to learn at another man's cost. D. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者全家在满月下外出散步的经历，在月亮下作者和孩子们探讨了有关月球的知识，从而表现了大自然是最好的老师。 【4题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“My husband Todd and I first started going on full moon walks for ourselves, as we needed these little doses of moonlight to stay happy, though sometimes we had to hike through the forest to find a perfect spot. But after we became parents, we did this for our children.(我和丈夫托德最初开始进行满月散步是为了我们自己，因为我们需要这样一点一滴的月光来保持快乐，尽管有时我们必须穿越森林去寻找一个完美的地方。但当了父母后，我们就为孩子们做这件事)”可推知，第二段中划线的“this”指的是在满月下散步。故选D项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Todd explained to Sierra and Bryce that the moon generates no light, but simply acts like a mirror, reflecting the sunlight back to us. “Does the moon’s face change?” Bryce asked.(Todd向Sierra和Bryce解释说，月亮不会发光，只是像一面镜子一样，把阳光反射回我们身边。Bryce问道：“月亮的脸会变吗？”)”及“Sierra remarked that the moon looked larger when it was rising.(Sierra说，当月亮升起时，它看起来更大、更近)”可知，孩子们对月球表现出了极大的求知欲。故选C项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Does the moon’s face change?” Bryce asked. I told him that the moon rotates around the earth, but does not spin by itself, so the same side of the moon is always facing the earth.(“月亮的脸会变吗？”Bryce问道。我告诉他，月球绕地球旋转，但不会自行旋转，所以月球的同一侧总是面向地球)”及“I explained that it is a visual illusion (错觉) because it is so close to the horizon that the moon magically tricks our eyes into comparing it with nearby objects.(我解释说，这是一种视觉错觉，因为它离地平线太近了，月亮神奇地欺骗我们的眼睛，让我们把它与附近的物体进行比较，从而给人留下尺寸增大的印象)”可知，作者和她的丈夫运用打比方、作诠释等方法给孩子们讲解了关于月球的知识，说明作者和她的丈夫“博学多才，循循善诱”。故选B项。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段 “We wanted to show Sierra and Bryce that it was not necessary to travel far from home to have an adventure and learn something new, and that there was much magic in the natural world, available to all.(我们想让Sierra和Bryce知道，没有必要到离家很远的地方去冒险和学习新东西，自然界中有很多神奇的东西，对所有人都开放)”以及文章最后一段“To educate, sometimes all it takes is going outdoors and gazing up at the heavens.(要教育孩子，有时只需要走到户外，仰望天空)”可知，作者通过本文想要传达的主题信息是大自然是最好的课堂。故选A项。 C In order to meet growing food production and energy needs in low-and middle-income countries, solar-powered groundwater irrigation (灌溉) is rapidly gaining ground. More than 500,000 solar pumps (泵) have been set up in south Asia over the last few years and a major expansion is planned across sub-Saharan Africa. Dustin Garrick, professor in the School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, along with an international team, examined the trend toward solar pumps as a clear opportunity for boosting agricultural yields and reducing poverty, but the opportunity comes with risks. While replacing electric or gas pumps with solar-powered irrigation holds the promise of reducing carbon emissions (排放), it is not guaranteed. Farmers who have access to these pumps may expand production of crops or diversify into other activities, which are not emissions neutral. Solar pumps will increase groundwater pumping efficiency, which may be desirable in regions that support such increases, but this could worsen groundwater lessening in regions that are already stressed. The cheap clean energy of solar pumps may lead to increased groundwater development, without necessarily decreasing overall emissions. Despite these challenges, the clean-energy boost can serve as a stimulus for positive change in water and energy management but will require enhanced regulation and planning in both low-and high-income settings. Garrick and his team advocate for improved data collection initiatives, with a shift from separated to integrated approaches. They suggest using technology to measure water pumping and collecting remotely sensed data to monitor land use changes. As well, regulatory improvements are crucial, with mounting limits for carbon emissions and groundwater lessening established at various levels. With groundwater management already a difficult challenge, we must act fast to understand the implications of the clean energy boost and poverty reduction acts to avoid these gains being won away by wells running dry. The rapid adoption of solar irrigation intensifies the urgency, demanding adaptation from governments and institutions to sail through these complexities. 8. According to paragraph 3, there is a conflict between ________. A. poor farmers and solar-powered irrigation B. human consumption and clean energy limits C. crop diversity and crop production expansion D. pumping efficiency and groundwater exhaustion 9. What did Garrick and his team suggest for a positive change? A. Integrating data collection and regulation. B. Improving carbon emission monitoring. C. Separating data for land use changes. D. Establishing groundwater levels. 10. What does the author propose the readers do? A. Perform as the authorities suggest. B. Act based on further understanding. C. Quicken the adoption of solar irrigation. D. Challenge the groundwater management. 11. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. The Complexities of Adopting Solar Pumps B. Solar-Powered Irrigation: Farmers’ New Future C. The Promise and Risks of Solar-Powered Irrigation D. Balancing Clean Energy Boost and Poverty Reduction 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了太阳能灌溉正在普及，以及其中存在的机会和风险。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Solar pumps will increase groundwater pumping efficiency, which may be desirable in regions that support such increases, but this could worsen groundwater lessening in regions that are already stressed.(太阳能水泵将提高地下水的抽水效率，这在支持这种增加的地区可能是可取的，但这可能会使已经受到压力的地区的地下水减少情况恶化)”可知，抽水效率与地下水枯竭之间存在冲突。故选D。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Garrick and his team advocate for improved data collection initiatives, with a shift from separated to integrated approaches. They suggest using technology to measure water pumping and collecting remotely sensed data to monitor land use changes. As well, regulatory improvements are crucial, with mounting limits for carbon emissions and groundwater lessening established at various levels. (Garrick和他的团队提倡改进数据收集计划，从分离的方法转变为集成的方法。他们建议使用技术来测量抽水和收集遥感数据来监测土地利用的变化。此外，监管方面的改进也至关重要，对碳排放的限制越来越多，在各个层面上都建立了地下水减少的限制)”可知，Garrick和他的团队建议整合数据收集和监管。故选A。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“With groundwater management already a difficult challenge, we must act fast to understand the implications of the clean energy boost and poverty reduction acts to avoid these gains being won away by wells running dry.(由于地下水管理已经是一项艰巨的挑战，我们必须迅速采取行动，了解促进清洁能源和减少贫困法案的影响，以避免这些成果因水井干涸而失去)”可知，作者建议读者在进一步了解的基础上采取行动。故选B。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In order to meet growing food production and energy needs in low-and middle-income countries, solar-powered groundwater irrigation (灌溉) is rapidly gaining ground.(为了满足低收入和中等收入国家不断增长的粮食生产和能源需求，太阳能地下水灌溉正在迅速普及)”结合文章主要说明了太阳能灌溉正在普及，提到了其中存在的机会和风险。可知，C选项“太阳能灌溉的前景和风险”最符合文章标题。故选C。 D Teen brains aged faster than normal from stress by at least three years, a study has found. The study, published in Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science, was the first to compare examinations of the physical structures of teenagers’ brains from before and after the stress started, and to document significant differences. Researchers knew teens had higher levels of depression, anxiety and fearfulness than before the stress. But we knew nothing about the effects on their brains. The researchers found growth in brain areas that control access to some memories and help control fear, stress and other emotions. Premature(过早的) aging of kids’ brains isn’t a positive development. Their stressful childhood experiences not only make people easier to suffer from depression, anxiety and other mental illnesses, they can raise the risk of cancer, heart disease and other long-term negative outcomes. The scientists tried to make out how the stress itself may have impacted the physical structure of the children’s brains and their mental health. They matched pairs of children with the same age, gender and stress. “That allowed us to compare 16-year olds before the stress with different 16-year olds assessed after the stress,” said Ian Gotlib, a psychology professor at Stanford University. To determine the brain age of their samples, the researchers fed their brain examinations into a machine-learning model for predicting brain age developed by the ENIGMA-Brain Age working group, a co-operation among scientists who share their brain image data sets. They also evaluated mental health outcomes reported by the matched pairs. They found more severe symptoms of anxiety, depression and internalizing(内在化的) problems in the group that had experienced the stress. Dan Siegel, clinical professor of psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine, noted that many individuals experience post-traumatic(创伤后的) growth after a stressful experience. “This is a useful initial study,” agreed David Fassler, clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of Vermont. “I expect the results will inform the design of future research initiatives.” 12. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A. Researchers had a good knowledge of aging. B. Stress greatly influenced teenagers’ brains. C. Brain growth improved teenagers’ happiness. D. Bad memories resulted in negative emotions. 13. What enabled scientists to do research according to Ian Gotlib? A. The application of advanced technology. B. The accurate analysis of the data provided. C. The participation of volunteer teenagers. D. The previous experience of the researchers. 14. Why was the machine-learning model developed? A. To satisfy the need of the market. B. To evaluate the brain age of samples. C. To predict mental health outcomes. D. To solve internalizing problems. 15. What was David Fassler’s attitude to the study? A. Favorable. B. Indifferent. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了发表在《生物精神病学：全球开放科学》杂志上的一项研究发现，由于压力，青少年的大脑比正常人衰老得快至少三年。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Teen brains aged faster than normal from stress by at least three years, a study has found.(一项研究发现，由于压力，青少年的大脑比正常人衰老得快至少三年。)”可知，压力对青少年的大脑影响很大。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“They matched pairs of children with the same age, gender and stress. ‘That allowed us to compare 16-year olds before the stress with different 16-year olds assessed after the stress,’ said Ian Gotlib, a psychology professor at Stanford University.(他们将年龄、性别和压力相同的孩子配对。斯坦福大学心理学教授伊恩·戈特利布（Ian Gotlib）说:“这让我们可以将承受压力前的16岁孩子与承受压力后的不同16岁孩子进行比较。”)”可知，根据伊恩·戈特利布，青少年志愿者的参与使科学家能够进行研究。故选C。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“To determine the brain age of their samples, the researchers fed their brain examinations into a machine-learning model for predicting brain age developed by the ENIGMA-Brain Age working group, a co-operation among scientists who share their brain image data sets. (为了确定样本的大脑年龄，研究人员将他们的大脑检查结果输入到一个机器学习模型中，该模型用于预测大脑年龄，该模型是由ENIGMA-Brain age工作组开发的，这是一个科学家之间的合作，他们共享他们的大脑图像数据集。)”可知，开发机器学习模型是为了评估样本的脑龄。故选B。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘This is a useful initial study,’ agreed David Fassler, clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of Vermont. ‘I expect the results will inform the design of future research initiatives.’(“这是一项有用的初步研究，”佛蒙特大学精神病学临床教授大卫·法斯勒（David Fassler）表示赞同。“我希望这些结果将为未来研究计划的设计提供信息。)”可知，大卫·法斯勒对这个研究是支持的。故选A。 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Self-improvement doesn’t have to be a terrifying task. It can be a fun and exciting adventure that takes you on a journey of discovery and growth. With some simple tricks, you can transform yourself into a better version of you. First off, remember that self-improvement is a marathon, not a dash. ____16____ Take it one step at a time, and enjoy the ride. Think of it like climbing a mountain: you take one step after another, admiring the view as you go, until you reach the summit. Start with small, achievable goals. Whether it’s reading a book a week, going for a daily walk, or learning a new skill, these little milestones will help you stay motivated and feel accomplished. ____17____ Don’t be afraid to fail. Failure is part of the learning process. If you stumble or fall short of your goals, don’t beat yourself up. ____18____ Keep in mind, failure is just a temporary setback — it doesn’t define you. ____19____ Share your goals with friends or family, and ask them to hold you accountable. Join a self-improvement group or find someone who can guide and encourage you on your journey. You’ll find that makes the process even more enjoyable. And finally, don’t forget to celebrate your progress. ____20____ Whether it’s a small accomplishment or a major milestone, take a moment to appreciate your efforts and feel proud of yourself. You can even create a reward system for yourself — maybe a delicious treat or a fun activity for every goal you achieve. A. Choose your circle wisely. B. Seek support and inspiration. C. Instead, dust yourself off, and start out again. D. Make time for activities that will fuel your soul. E. No one can expect to change everything overnight. F. Remember, every step counts, however small it is! G. Every little win is well worth acknowledging and rewarding. 【答案】16. E 17. F 18. C 19. B 20. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对如何实现自我提升提出了几点建议和方法。 【16题详解】 根据前文“First off, remember that self-improvement is a marathon, not a dash.(首先，记住自我提升是一场马拉松，而不是短跑。)”可知，此处是指自我提升不能一蹴而就，所以选项E“没有人能指望一夜之间改变一切。”切合文意。故选E。 【17题详解】 根据前文“Start with small, achievable goals. Whether it’s reading a book a week, going for a daily walk, or learning a new skill, these little milestones will help you stay motivated and feel accomplished.(从可实现的小目标开始。无论是一周读一本书，每天散步，还是学习一项新技能，这些小的里程碑都会帮助你保持动力和成就感。)”可知，此处是指哪怕迈出一小步都是进步，所以选项F“记住，每一步都很重要，无论多么小！”切合文意。故选F。 【18题详解】 根据前文“Don’t be afraid to fail. Failure is part of the learning process. If you stumble or fall short of your goals, don’t beat yourself up.(不要害怕失败。失败是学习过程的一部分。如果你绊倒了或者没有达到你的目标，不要打败自己。)”和后文“Keep in mind, failure is just a temporary setback — it doesn’t define you.(记住，失败只是暂时的挫折，它不能定义你。)”可知，此处是指失败了也没关系，要重新开始加油，所以选项C“相反，掸掉身上的灰尘，重新开始。”切合文意。故选C。 【19题详解】 根据后文“Share your goals with friends or family, and ask them to hold you accountable. Join a self-improvement group or find someone who can guide and encourage you on your journey. You’ll find that makes the process even more enjoyable.(与朋友或家人分享你目标，并要求他们督促你。加入一个自我提升小组，或者找一个能在你的旅程中指导和鼓励你的人。你会发现这会让整个过程变得更加愉快。)”可知，此处是指寻求身边人的支持和鼓励，所以选项B“寻求支持和激励。”切合文意。故选B。 【20题详解】 根据后文“Whether it’s a small accomplishment or a major milestone, take a moment to appreciate your efforts and feel proud of yourself.(无论是一个小成就还是一个重要的里程碑，花点时间感谢你的努力，为自己感到骄傲。)”可知，此处是指每一个小成就都值得奖励，所以选项G“每一个小小的胜利都值得承认和奖励。”切合文意。故选G。 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分 30 分) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分) Listening, speaking, reading and writing are necessary to everyday life, where language is the primary ____21____for expression and communication. Studying how people use language—what words and phrases we unknowingly ____22____—can help us better understand ourselves and why we ____23____ the way we do. Stanford linguists attempt to ____24____ what is individual and general about the language we use. They also try to find how it came into use and the ways it ____25____ over time. After researches, they have found that even the smallest differences in language use are ____26____ the speakers’ belief, according to research. One study finds that a (n) ____27____ harmless sentence, such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can in some way ____28____ sexist stereotypes (性别刻板印象). The statement’s grammatical form suggests that being good at math is more ____29____ for boys than girls, the researchers said. Language can play a (n) ____30____ role in showing how we and others understand the world. Studying other languages helps us have a better understanding of ____31____ around the world. People speak about 7,000 languages worldwide. Although there are a lot of similar things among languages, each one is ____32____, both in its structure and in the way it reflects the culture of the people who speak it. Dan Jurafsky, the Professor in Humanities and chair of the Department of Linguistics at Stanford, advised that we shouldn’t only ____33____ on our own language. Studying other languages and how they develop can help us understand what is ____34____ in humans’ different ways of communicating with one another. “Understanding what different groups of people say and why is the first step in deciding how we can ____35____ people together,” Jurafsky said. 21. A. tool B. tradition C. policy D. interest 22. A. invent B. choose C. recall D. pronounce 23. A. behave B. learn C. record D. acknowledge 24. A. create B. guide C. determine D. maintain 25. A. changes B. stays C. appears D. strengthens 26. A. ahead of B. related to C. taken away from D. focused on 27. A. seemingly B. currently C. totally D. enormously 28. A. recognise B. replace C. reduce D. reflect 29. A. specific B. difficult C. formal D. natural 30. A. small B. passive C. different D. essential 31. A. communication B. thought C. translation D. distance 32. A. limited B. useful C. unique D. ideal 33. A. pass B. centre C. live D. turn 34. A. found B. settled C. aroused D. missed 35. A. rule B. take C. bring D. raise 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. D 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了语言在日常生活中的重要性，研究语言能使我们更好的理解自己。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：听、说、读、写是日常生活中必不可少的，语言是表达和交流的主要工具。A. tool工具；B. tradition传统；C. policy政策；D. interest兴趣。根据前文“language is the primary”以及后文“for expression and communication”可知，语言是表达和交流的主要工具。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人们如何使用语言——我们在不知不觉中选择了哪些单词和短语——可以帮助我们更好地了解自己，以及为什么我们会有这样的行为方式。A. invent发明；B. choose选择；C. recall召回；D. pronounce发音。根据前文“what words and phrases we unknowingly”和后文“can help us better understand ourselves and why we 　　　　3　　　　 the way we do.”可知，人们在不知不觉中选择了某些单词和短语，这可以帮助我们更好地了解自己。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人们如何使用语言——我们在不知不觉中选择了哪些单词和短语——可以帮助我们更好地了解自己，以及为什么我们会有这样的行为方式。A. behave表现；B. learn学习；C. record记录；D. acknowledge承认。根据前文“can help us better understand ourselves”以及后文“the way we do”可知，研究人们如何使用语言可以可以帮助我们更好地了解自己，也就是让我们了解为什么我们会有这样的行为方式。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯坦福大学的语言学家试图确定我们使用的语言的个性和普遍性。A. create创造；B. guide指导；C. determine确定；D. maintain维持。根据后文“what is individual and general about the language we use”可知，语言学家试图确定我们所使用的语言的独特性和普遍性。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还试图找出它是如何被使用的，以及随着时间的推移它是如何变化的。A. changes变化；B. stays保持；C. appears出现；D. strengthens强项。根据“over time”以及后文“Studying other languages and how they develop”可知，语言学家试图找出随着时间的推移语言是如何变化的。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过研究，他们发现，即使是最小的语言使用差异也与说话者的信仰有关。A. ahead of领先；B. relevant to与...相关；C. taken away from被带离；D. focused on专注于。根据常识和前文“even the smallest differences in language use are”及后文“the speakers’ belief”可知，即使是语言使用上最小的差异也与说话者的信念有关。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：一项研究发现，一个看似无害的句子，比如“女孩和男孩一样擅长数学”，在某种程度上反映了性别歧视的刻板印象。A. seemingly似乎；B. currently当前；C. totally完全地；D. enormously非常。根据后文“harmless sentence, such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can in some way 　　　　8　　　　 sexist stereotypes (性别刻板印象).”可知，在某种程度上可能反映了性别歧视的刻板印象的句子，看起来似乎并无伤害。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一项研究发现，一个看似无害的句子，比如“女孩和男孩一样擅长数学”，在某种程度上反映了性别歧视的刻板印象。A. recognise认出；B. replace更换；C. reduce减少；D. reflect反映。根据前文“girls are as good as boys at math”可知，此句应是反映了性别歧视的刻板印象。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员说，这句话的语法形式表明，男孩比女孩擅长数学是很正常自然的。A. specific具体的；B. difficult困难的；C. formal正式的；D. natural自然的，正常的。根据常识和前文“such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can in some way 　　　　8　　　　 sexist stereotypes”可知，这句话暗示了男孩比女孩擅长数学是很正常的，自然的事儿。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：语言可以在展示我们和其他人如何理解世界方面发挥重要作用。A. small小的；B. passive被动的；C. different不同的；D. essential必不可少的，极其重要的。根据常识和后文“in showing how we and others understand the world”并结合选项可知，语言在展示我们和他人如何理解世界方面发挥着至关重要的作用。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：学习其他语言有助于我们更好地理解世界各地的交流。A. communication沟通，交流；B. thought想法；C. translation翻译；D. distance远方。根据常识和前文“Studying other languages helps us have a better understanding”可知，学习其他语言有助于我们更好地理解世界各地的交流。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然语言之间有很多相似之处，但每一种语言都是独特的，无论是在其结构上，还是在它反映说这种语言的人的文化的方式上。A. limited有限的；B. useful有用的；C. unique独特的；D. ideal理想的。根据前文“Although there are a lot of similar things among languages”的转折语义可知，虽然语言之间有很多相似之处，但每一种语言都是独特的。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义词义辨析。句意：斯坦福大学人文学科教授兼语言学系主任丹·朱拉夫斯基建议说，我们不应该只关注自己的语言。A. pass通过；B. centre把…放在中央；C. live居住；D. turn转动。根据前文“we shouldn’t only”和后文“our own language”可知，朱拉夫斯基建议，人们不应该只关注自己的语言，也要学习其他语言。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义词义辨析。句意：学习其他语言以及它们是如何发展的，可以帮助我们理解人类之间不同的交流方式。A. found找到；B. settled安顿；C. aroused唤起；D. missed错过。根据前文“Studying other languages and how they develop can help us understand”以及后文“humans’ different ways of communicating with one another.”可知，应是研究其他语言及其发展可以帮助我们“发现”人类相互交流的不同方式中的奥秘。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义词义辨析。句意：Jurafsky说：“了解不同群体的人说什么以及为什么说，是决定我们如何将人们聚集在一起的第一步。”A. rule统治；B. take采取；C. bring带来；D. raise增加。根据后文的“people together”可知，此处应是固定搭配：bring together意为“使在一起”符合语境。故选C项。 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内的单词的正确形式。 The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). ____36____ (cover) an area about three times ____37____ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ____38____ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ____39____ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ____40____ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ____41____ leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and ____42____ (home) of giant pandas, and ____43____(eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild. Giant pandas also serve ____44____ an umbrella species, bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____45____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】36. Covering 37. the 38. were 39. to increase 40. is designed 41. and 42. homes 43. eventually 44. as 45. that 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国政府最近敲定了建立大熊猫国家公园（GPNP）的计划。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：大熊猫国家公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作状语，空处和逻辑主语the GPNP为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。 【37题详解】 考查冠词。句意：大熊猫国家公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，此处考查倍数表达法，即为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份，因此此处应填定冠词the。故填the。 【38题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语，故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。 【40题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：大熊猫国家公园旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。 【41题详解】 考查连词。句意：大熊猫国家公园旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处前后为并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。 【42题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：大熊猫国家公园的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。此处应用名词home作宾语，为可数名词，应用复数表示泛指，故填homes。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：大熊猫国家公园的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处后为动词achieve，空处应用副词作状语修饰动词achieve，结合语意可知，此处意为“最终”，应用副词eventually。故填eventually。 44题详解】 考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语serve as，意为“充当”，故空处应填介词as。故填as。 【45题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子可知，空处考查引导限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。 第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分 15 分) 46. 假设你是李华，你校将于近期为年满18周岁的学生举行以“十八而志，感恩与责任”为主题的成人典礼，你将作为学生代表在典礼上发言。请你用英语写一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1.表达感恩； 2.树立志向； 3.明确责任。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Good morning everyone, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you！ 【答案】Good morning, everyone, It is my great honor to speak on behalf of my schoolmates at the coming-of-age ceremony. First of all, I’d like to express my gratitude to our parents and teachers. It is their support and guidance that make us such excellent individuals today. To repay them, we should spare no effort to work hard so that we can be admitted to our ideal universities. Only by acquiring as much knowledge as possible can we take on more responsibilities for our society and nation. Let’s cherish the good times of youth and strive for a better future. Thank you! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇成人典礼上的发言稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 荣幸：honor→privilege 发表演讲：speak → address/deliver a speech 表达：express→extend/convey 首先：first of all→ first and foremost 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：First of all, I’d like to express my gratitude to our parents and teachers. It is their support and guidance that make us such excellent individuals today. 拓展句：First and foremost, I would like to extend my profound gratitude to our parents and teachers, for it is their support and guidance that make us such excellent individuals today. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 To repay them, we should spare no effort to work hard so that we can be admitted to our ideal universities. （运用了so that引导的目的状语从句） 【高分句型2】Only by acquiring as much knowledge as possible can we take on more responsibilities for our society and nation.（运用了only+介词短语构成的部分倒装结构） 第二节(满分 25 分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I can’t be late. Not today! Malia thought as she raced across the park. Today her hula (裙舞) teacher would choose some students to dance at the luau (夏威夷派对). Malia reached the end of the park. “Hello, Uncle Charles,” she greeted her teacher. All the dancers called him “Uncle” in the local way. Malia joined her hula sisters beneath a shady monkeypod tree. She pulled on a colorful skirt. Uncle Charles knelt on a woven mat and beat a rhythm on a drum. The dancers warmed up with basic hula moves. Malia placed her hands on her waist and stepped back and forth. “Swing your hips (臀部)” Uncle Charles called out. Malia stood in one spot and swung her hips side to side. After the warm-up, Uncle took out his ukulele. It was time to practice their special dance for the luau. Malia took a deep breath and bent her knees. “Remember to use expressions. You want to tell the story with your hands and faces,” Uncle said. Twang, twang went the ukulele. Malia lifted her arms. She and her hula sisters danced in a row across the grass. They stretched out their arms like birds in flight. Their movements matched the meaning of the happy song. There was no time to be nervous. Malia was too busy watching her hand motions and remembering her footwork. She also remembered to smile. “Together! Watch your line,” Uncle called. Malia’s smile grew. She had made no mistakes. She spun to the rhythm of the ukulele and danced over to one side, as if she were on areal stage. Oh no! Malia had danced in the wrong direction. Malia felt her face burn, but she kept dancing and smiling. She turned in time to the music and danced in the proper direction—two steps behind and two beats late. The music stopped, and Malia shook her head. “I’ll never be picked now.” 注意： 1.续写部分词数应为120个左右； 2.续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已为你写好。 Paragraph 1 The class was over for the day. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2 Suddenly, Uncle’s voice interrupted Malia’s thought. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Paragraph 1 The class was over for the day. Malia found herself alone beneath the monkeypod tree. She let out a deep sigh, with her gaze lost in the distance. She had wanted to dance on the stage with her hula sisters. She had longed to wear a colorful skirt and flowers in her hair. Now it just seemed a dream that was far out of reach. She would have to wait forever for her next chance. Paragraph 2 Suddenly, Uncle’s voice interrupted Malia’s thought. “Hi, Malia. Why don’t you go home? But before you go, I want to know if you would like to dance at the luau.” Malia couldn’t believe what she heard, widening her eyes in surprise. “Oh yes, of course. But, Uncle, I made a mistake. I danced in the wrong direction. I missed the steps and the beats!” “Yes, I know. But you kept dancing and didn’t give up. You may not be the best dancer, but you always express the song’s meaning. Today you showed the happiness of the song with your wonderful smile. Expression is an important part of hula. So, shall we meet right here, beneath the monkeypod tree, tomorrow?” 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Malia作为一个热爱裙舞的女孩，对舞蹈充满热情和期待。她知道今天老师会挑选学生参加夏威夷派对上的表演，因此格外重视这次训练。在训练中，Malia认真练习，展示自己的舞蹈才华。然而，在特别舞蹈的训练中，她犯了一个跳错方向的失误，让她感到尴尬和失望。尽管如此，她迅速调整心态，继续跳舞，并保持微笑。训练结束后，Malia对自己的失误感到担忧，担心失去表演机会。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“今天的课结束了。”可知，第一段可描写Malia觉得自己失去机会的悲伤。 ②由第二段首句内容“突然，叔叔的声音打断了玛利亚的思绪。”可知，第二段可描写虽然Malia跳错了方向，但是她的坚持和微笑，让叔叔决定让Malia在夏威夷宴会上跳舞。 2. 续写线索：担心——悲伤——叔叔邀请——感到意外——解释。 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①渴望：long/desire ②相信：believe/trust ③表达：express/convey 情绪类 ①惊讶：surprise/amazement ②美妙的：wonderful/fantastic 【点睛】[高分句型1]Now it just seemed a dream that was far out of reach.(that引导的定语从句) [高分句型2]But before you go, I want to know if you would like to dance at the luau.(if引导的宾语从句) 1-5 BCAAB 6-10 AACBB 11-15 ACCBC 16-20 AACBA 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 东坡区22级高二期末联合考试 英语试卷 第一部分 听力(共两节；每小题1.5分，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. How many kilos does the man weigh now? A.62. B.54. C.50. 2. What does the man need to do? A. Look up a word. B. Borrow a dictionary. C. Deal with his email. 3. Why does the woman need new sheets? A. The old ones were worn. B. The old ones were ugly. C. The old ones were too small. 4. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Their futures. B. Their family. C. Their travel plans. 5. What is the man mostly worried about? A. The noisy passengers. B. The safety of the airplane. C. The service of the flight attendant. 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. How many dogs do the speakers have? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. 7. Why does the woman change her mind about the cat? A. She doesn’t want it to die. B. She wants more animals. C. She has enough money and room for it. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. Who will Jenny marry? A. Tim. B. Nick. C. Mike. 9. What does the woman say about the wedding? A. It will be held abroad. B. It will be in a big hotel. C. It will be decorated with red roses. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What kind of food does the man want to eat? A. Beef. B. Chicken C. Ham sandwich. 11. When will the man’s son receive his food? A. In about ten minutes. B. In about two minutes. C. In about one minute. 12. Where does the conversation most likely take place? A. In a restaurant. B. In a movie theater. C. On a plane. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What is the most important to the woman about her dream house? A. The decoration. B. The space. C. The view. 14. How many bathrooms does the woman want? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. 15. What would the woman plan to do for her dream house? A. Have vases in every room. B. Keep a few things in drawers. C. Put some pictures on the walls. 16. Where will the woman put the TV? A. In the kitchen. B. In the bedroom. C. In the living room. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What does Robert do? A. A golfer. B. A club organizer. C. A coach. 18. Why did the woman congratulate Robert? A. She admired him. B. She was a friend of his. C. She wanted to get money from him. 19. What did Robert do after hearing the woman’s story? A. He paid all hospital bills for her. B. He gave his own prize to the woman. C. He sent the woman’s son to the hospital. 20. How did Robert feel after knowing the truth? A. Happy. B. Angry. C. Sad. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节；满分 50 分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题 2.5分，满分 37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Whether you’re a thrill-seeker looking for the world’s most intense roller coasters or a family planning a vacation filled with fun for parents and kids, theme parks have something for everyone. Here are some fantastic options for you. Tokyo DisneySea, Japan Tokyo Disney Resort tops the must-visit list for many Disney theme park fans. Tokyo Disneyland is very similar to Magic Kingdom in Florida or Disneyland Park in California, but Tokyo DisneySea is unique with its nautical (海上的) theme, fantastical lands and beautiful sections inspired by the Mediterranean, Arabian and American coasts. Ferrari World Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates This primarily indoor Ferrari-inspired theme park in Abu Dhabi is a must-visit for car and thrill lovers. It’s home to the world’s fastest roller coaster Formula Rossa, which reaches speeds of 149 mph. When visiting, make sure you also take advantage of the driving experiences, on which you can go around Yas Island behind the wheel of a Ferrari. Tivoli Gardens, Denmark One of the world’s oldest operating amusement parks, Tivoli Gardens is a must-visit attraction in the heart of Copenhagen. The park dates back to 1843, and it has rides, theaters, and restaurants spread across its charming grounds and gardens. During the holidays, the park is extra magical with its annual festival when the scene lights up with decorations. Efteling, Netherlands Efteling is the Netherlands’ largest and one of Europe’s most-visited amusement parks. Its imaginative rides, gardens and attractions are themed to Dutch folklore and fairy tales, including a 15-acre Fairytale Forest with more than two dozen scenes. For example, thrill-seekers can line up for a thrill ride on the Flying Dutchman water coaster. 1. Where should you go if you are into beaches? A. Tokyo DisneySea. B. Ferrari World Abu Dhabi. C. Tivoli Gardens. D. Efteling. 2. What is special about Ferrari World Abu Dhabi? A. It is mostly visited by thrill lovers. B. It offers driving experiences to visitors. C It has the fastest roller coaster in the world. D. It is the only indoor theme park in Abu Dhabi. 3. What do Tivoli Gardens and Efteling have in common? A. They boast a long history. B. They hold annual festivals. C. They provide water coasters. D. They include rides and gardens. B Tonight, our family was going out to play under the full moon. My husband Todd and I first started going on full moon walks for ourselves, as we needed these little doses of moonlight to stay happy, though sometimes we had to hike through the forest to find a perfect spot. But after we became parents, we did this for our children. We wanted to show Sierra and Bryce that it was not necessary to travel far from home to have an adventure and learn something new, and that there was much magic in the natural world, available to all. Once we arrived at our location, Sierra and I stood holding hands, waiting to cheer the full moon in its rising — a thin sliver of the moon emerged above the ridge of the mountain afar. Soon, more of the moon came out until it turned into a brilliant orange sphere (球体). Todd explained to Sierra and Bryce that the moon generates no light, but simply acts like a mirror, reflecting the sunlight back to us. “Does the moon’s face change?” Bryce asked. I told him that the moon moves around the earth, but does not spin (旋转) by itself, so the same side of the moon is always facing the earth. Sierra remarked that the moon looked larger when it was rising. I explained that it is a visual illusion (错觉) because it is so close to the horizon that the moon magically tricks our eyes into comparing it with nearby objects. Much of the knowledge that I shared with the kids was learned from my parents. During my childhood, they would take me on educational adventures out in the woods, and as I later found, so did their parents. So every time I go for a full moon walk with my beloved family, I thank those wise educators who came before me. To educate, sometimes all it takes is going outdoors and gazing up at the heavens. 4. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Traveling far from home. B. Learning something new. C. Hiking through the forest. D. Going on full moon walks. 5. What can we know about the family outing? A. The children were unwilling to participate. B. Todd mentioned a mirror to explain the sunlight. C. The children showed great curiosity about the moon. D. The author used a magic trick to explain the larger moon. 6. Which of the following words can best describe the parents? A. Proud and stubborn. B. Learned and inspiring. C. Confident and determined. D. Adventurous and ambitious. 7. What message does the author mainly try to get across to the readers? A. Nature is the best classroom. B. It takes a village to raise a child. C. It is good to learn at another man's cost. D. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. C In order to meet growing food production and energy needs in low-and middle-income countries, solar-powered groundwater irrigation (灌溉) is rapidly gaining ground. More than 500,000 solar pumps (泵) have been set up in south Asia over the last few years and a major expansion is planned across sub-Saharan Africa. Dustin Garrick, professor in the School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, along with an international team, examined the trend toward solar pumps as a clear opportunity for boosting agricultural yields and reducing poverty, but the opportunity comes with risks. While replacing electric or gas pumps with solar-powered irrigation holds the promise of reducing carbon emissions (排放), it is not guaranteed. Farmers who have access to these pumps may expand production of crops or diversify into other activities, which are not emissions neutral. Solar pumps will increase groundwater pumping efficiency, which may be desirable in regions that support such increases, but this could worsen groundwater lessening in regions that are already stressed. The cheap clean energy of solar pumps may lead to increased groundwater development, without necessarily decreasing overall emissions. Despite these challenges, the clean-energy boost can serve as a stimulus for positive change in water and energy management but will require enhanced regulation and planning in both low-and high-income settings. Garrick and his team advocate for improved data collection initiatives, with a shift from separated to integrated approaches. They suggest using technology to measure water pumping and collecting remotely sensed data to monitor land use changes. As well, regulatory improvements are crucial, with mounting limits for carbon emissions and groundwater lessening established at various levels. With groundwater management already a difficult challenge, we must act fast to understand the implications of the clean energy boost and poverty reduction acts to avoid these gains being won away by wells running dry. The rapid adoption of solar irrigation intensifies the urgency, demanding adaptation from governments and institutions to sail through these complexities. 8. According to paragraph 3, there is a conflict between ________. A. poor farmers and solar-powered irrigation B. human consumption and clean energy limits C. crop diversity and crop production expansion D. pumping efficiency and groundwater exhaustion 9. What did Garrick and his team suggest for a positive change? A. Integrating data collection and regulation. B. Improving carbon emission monitoring. C. Separating data for land use changes. D. Establishing groundwater levels. 10. What does the author propose the readers do? A. Perform as the authorities suggest. B. Act based on further understanding. C. Quicken the adoption of solar irrigation. D. Challenge the groundwater management. 11. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. The Complexities of Adopting Solar Pumps B Solar-Powered Irrigation: Farmers’ New Future C. The Promise and Risks of Solar-Powered Irrigation D. Balancing Clean Energy Boost and Poverty Reduction D Teen brains aged faster than normal from stress by at least three years, a study has found. The study, published in Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science, was the first to compare examinations of the physical structures of teenagers’ brains from before and after the stress started, and to document significant differences. Researchers knew teens had higher levels of depression, anxiety and fearfulness than before the stress. But we knew nothing about the effects on their brains. The researchers found growth in brain areas that control access to some memories and help control fear, stress and other emotions. Premature(过早的) aging of kids’ brains isn’t a positive development. Their stressful childhood experiences not only make people easier to suffer from depression, anxiety and other mental illnesses, they can raise the risk of cancer, heart disease and other long-term negative outcomes. The scientists tried to make out how the stress itself may have impacted the physical structure of the children’s brains and their mental health. They matched pairs of children with the same age, gender and stress. “That allowed us to compare 16-year olds before the stress with different 16-year olds assessed after the stress,” said Ian Gotlib, a psychology professor at Stanford University. To determine the brain age of their samples, the researchers fed their brain examinations into a machine-learning model for predicting brain age developed by the ENIGMA-Brain Age working group, a co-operation among scientists who share their brain image data sets. They also evaluated mental health outcomes reported by the matched pairs. They found more severe symptoms of anxiety, depression and internalizing(内在化的) problems in the group that had experienced the stress. Dan Siegel, clinical professor of psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine, noted that many individuals experience post-traumatic(创伤后的) growth after a stressful experience. “This is a useful initial study,” agreed David Fassler, clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of Vermont. “I expect the results will inform the design of future research initiatives.” 12. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A. Researchers had a good knowledge of aging. B. Stress greatly influenced teenagers’ brains. C. Brain growth improved teenagers’ happiness. D. Bad memories resulted in negative emotions. 13. What enabled scientists to do research according to Ian Gotlib? A. The application of advanced technology. B. The accurate analysis of the data provided. C. The participation of volunteer teenagers. D. The previous experience of the researchers. 14. Why was the machine-learning model developed? A. To satisfy the need of the market. B. To evaluate the brain age of samples. C. To predict mental health outcomes. D. To solve internalizing problems. 15. What was David Fassler’s attitude to the study? A. Favorable. B. Indifferent. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Self-improvement doesn’t have to be a terrifying task. It can be a fun and exciting adventure that takes you on a journey of discovery and growth. With some simple tricks, you can transform yourself into a better version of you. First off, remember that self-improvement is a marathon, not a dash. ____16____ Take it one step at a time, and enjoy the ride. Think of it like climbing a mountain: you take one step after another, admiring the view as you go, until you reach the summit. Start with small, achievable goals. Whether it’s reading a book a week, going for a daily walk, or learning a new skill, these little milestones will help you stay motivated and feel accomplished. ____17____ Don’t be afraid to fail. Failure is part of the learning process. If you stumble or fall short of your goals, don’t beat yourself up. ____18____ Keep in mind, failure is just a temporary setback — it doesn’t define you. ____19____ Share your goals with friends or family, and ask them to hold you accountable. Join a self-improvement group or find someone who can guide and encourage you on your journey. You’ll find that makes the process even more enjoyable. And finally, don’t forget to celebrate your progress. ____20____ Whether it’s a small accomplishment or a major milestone, take a moment to appreciate your efforts and feel proud of yourself. You can even create a reward system for yourself — maybe a delicious treat or a fun activity for every goal you achieve. A. Choose your circle wisely. B. Seek support and inspiration. C. Instead dust yourself off, and start out again. D. Make time for activities that will fuel your soul. E. No one can expect to change everything overnight. F. Remember, every step counts, however small it is! G. Every little win is well worth acknowledging and rewarding. 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分 30 分) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分) Listening, speaking, reading and writing are necessary to everyday life, where language is the primary ____21____for expression and communication. Studying how people use language—what words and phrases we unknowingly ____22____—can help us better understand ourselves and why we ____23____ the way we do. Stanford linguists attempt to ____24____ what is individual and general about the language we use. They also try to find how it came into use and the ways it ____25____ over time. After researches, they have found that even the smallest differences in language use are ____26____ the speakers’ belief, according to research. One study finds that a (n) ____27____ harmless sentence, such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can in some way ____28____ sexist stereotypes (性别刻板印象). The statement’s grammatical form suggests that being good at math is more ____29____ for boys than girls, the researchers said. Language can play a (n) ____30____ role in showing how we and others understand the world. Studying other languages helps us have a better understanding of ____31____ around the world. People speak about 7,000 languages worldwide. Although there are a lot of similar things among languages, each one is ____32____, both in its structure and in the way it reflects the culture of the people who speak it. Dan Jurafsky, the Professor in Humanities and chair of the Department of Linguistics at Stanford, advised that we shouldn’t only ____33____ on our own language. Studying other languages and how they develop can help us understand what is ____34____ in humans’ different ways of communicating with one another. “Understanding what different groups of people say and why is the first step in deciding how we can ____35____ people together,” Jurafsky said. 21. A. tool B. tradition C. policy D. interest 22. A. invent B. choose C. recall D. pronounce 23 A. behave B. learn C. record D. acknowledge 24. A. create B. guide C. determine D. maintain 25. A. changes B. stays C. appears D. strengthens 26. A. ahead of B. related to C. taken away from D. focused on 27. A. seemingly B. currently C. totally D. enormously 28. A. recognise B. replace C. reduce D. reflect 29. A. specific B. difficult C. formal D. natural 30. A. small B. passive C. different D. essential 31. A. communication B. thought C. translation D. distance 32. A. limited B. useful C. unique D. ideal 33. A. pass B. centre C. live D. turn 34. A. found B. settled C. aroused D. missed 35. A. rule B. take C. bring D. raise 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内的单词的正确形式。 The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). ____36____ (cover) an area about three times ____37____ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ____38____ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ____39____ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ____40____ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ____41____ leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and ____42____ (home) of giant pandas, and ____43____(eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild. Giant pandas also serve ____44____ an umbrella species, bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____45____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分 15 分) 46. 假设你是李华，你校将于近期为年满18周岁的学生举行以“十八而志，感恩与责任”为主题的成人典礼，你将作为学生代表在典礼上发言。请你用英语写一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1.表达感恩； 2.树立志向； 3.明确责任。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Good morning, everyone, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you！ 第二节(满分 25 分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I can’t be late. Not today! Malia thought as she raced across the park. Today her hula (裙舞) teacher would choose some students to dance at the luau (夏威夷派对). Malia reached the end of the park. “Hello, Uncle Charles,” she greeted her teacher. All the dancers called him “Uncle” in the local way. Malia joined her hula sisters beneath a shady monkeypod tree. She pulled on a colorful skirt. Uncle Charles knelt on a woven mat and beat a rhythm on a drum. The dancers warmed up with basic hula moves. Malia placed her hands on her waist and stepped back and forth. “Swing your hips (臀部),” Uncle Charles called out. Malia stood in one spot and swung her hips side to side. After the warm-up, Uncle took out his ukulele. It was time to practice their special dance for the luau. Malia took a deep breath and bent her knees. “Remember to use expressions. You want to tell the story with your hands and faces,” Uncle said. Twang, twang went the ukulele. Malia lifted her arms. She and her hula sisters danced in a row across the grass. They stretched out their arms like birds in flight. Their movements matched the meaning of the happy song. There was no time to be nervous. Malia was too busy watching her hand motions and remembering her footwork. She also remembered to smile. “Together! Watch your line,” Uncle called. Malia’s smile grew. She had made no mistakes. She spun to the rhythm of the ukulele and danced over to one side, as if she were on areal stage. Oh no! Malia had danced in the wrong direction. Malia felt her face burn, but she kept dancing and smiling. She turned in time to the music and danced in the proper direction—two steps behind and two beats late. The music stopped, and Malia shook her head. “I’ll never be picked now.” 注意： 1.续写部分词数应为120个左右； 2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。 Paragraph 1 The class was over for the day _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2 Suddenly, Uncle’s voice interrupted Malia’s thought. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1-5 BCAAB 6-10 AACBB 11-15 ACCBC 16-20 AACBA 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$