Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Discovering Useful Structures 公开课课件-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

Unit 1Cultural Heritage Discovering Useful Structures Describe people or things in greater detail Learning objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: 1. summarize the functions of relative pronoun and adverbs; 2. describe people or things in greater detail. Can you find: 1. the woman who is applying sunscreen? 2. the boy who is building a snow man? 3. the man who is wearing three watches? 4. the animal that is playing the guitar? 5. the man who is taking a nap? Notice that we use “who” when we are describing people and “that” when we are describing things. 导入 1. 英语中从句可以分为哪三大类？ 名词性从句、形容词性从句、副词性从句 2. 定语是什么？定语从句又是什么？定语从句可以分为哪两类？ 定语是修饰、限定、说明名词或代词品质或特征的词或词组。 定语从句是在主从复合句中，用来修饰名词或代词的句子。 定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 3. 先行词是什么？ 4. 关系词（引导词）是什么？关系词包括哪两类？它的三个作用是什么？ 关系词是引导/连接先行词与从句的词， 被定语从句修饰的词。先行词一般是名词或代词。 包括关系代词和关系副词。 关系词可以连接主句和定语从句;代替前面的先行词;在定语从句里面充当一定的成分。 5. 关系代词有哪些？关系副词有哪些？ 关代：（that, which, who, whose, whom, as ） 关副：(when, wsshy, where) 复习 关系代词： 1. 关系代词 （who, whom, which, that, whose） 指人 指物 作用 在定语从句中的成分 who whom which that whose √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 主语 主语 主语 宾语 宾语 宾语 宾语 定语 （意为“某人的”，“某事的”） 连 接 1．when引导定语从句 when表示时间,代替先行词并在定语从句中做_________，其先行词往往是表示______的名词，如time, day, year, month, week等。 时间状语 时间 2．where引导定语从句 where表示地点, 代替先行词并在定语从句中做________，其先行词往往是_______名词place, room, mountain, airport或____________如case, state, condition, point, situation等。 地点状语 具体地点 抽象地点名词 3．why引导定语从句的用法 why表示原因, 代替先行词并在定语从句中做________，其先行词是表示理由的名词reason。 原因状语 2. 关系副词 如何选用定语从句的关系词? （解题步骤） 1.首先分清主句和定语从句。 2.确定定语从句的先行词。 3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句 中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）, 若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关 系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。 3. 定语从句关系词的选择 4. “介词+which”引导的定语从句 先行词在从句中做状语时，连接词可以用介词+关系代词来替换关系副词，其中介词的选择和先行词的搭配有关。 先行词 关系词 在从句中的成分 表时间 when = on / in / at which 状语 表地点 where = in / at which 状语 表原因 why = for which 状语 5. “介词+which”引导的定语从句选用介词的依据 1. 根据定语中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定搭配) Yesterday we visited the West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous. 我们昨天参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(be famous for) 2. 根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语) This is the camera with which he often takes photos. 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。 3. 根据句子的意思来选择 The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. 这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。 4. 表示“所有”关系或”整体中的一部分“时，通常用介词of. I have about 1o books, half of which were written by Mike. 1. 正式英语中，介词可置于从句之首，whom或which之前。但不可置于who或that之前： This is the great writer to whom our teacher was referring. 这就是我们老师提到的那位伟大的作家。 He asked a question to which there was no answer. 他问了一个无人回答的问题。 2. 定语从句的谓语如果是以介词结尾的短语动词，则不可把介词移至从句之首，常见的此类短语有look for，listen to，look after，take care of等： He received the email he was looking forward to. 他收到了他期待的电子邮件。 This is the watch which/that I am looking for. 这就是我正在找的那块表。 6. “介词+which”引导的定语从句的注意事项 7. 定语从句关系代词的省略 1. 作直接宾语时可以省略： Alan is a man who is strict with himself in everything (that) he does. 艾伦在做任何事情的时候都对自己严格要求。 The man (who/whom) you saw just now is the head of our department. 你刚才看到的那个人是我们部门的领导。 2. 作表语的关系代词that可以省略： Isabel has changed. She is no longer the little girl (that) she was. 伊莎贝尔已经变了。她再也不是以前那个小女孩了。 3. 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词在介词后虽作宾语，却不能省略： Do you know any libraries from which I can borrow this book? 你知道我能从哪个图书馆借到这本书吗？ 限制性VS 非限制性 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 1. 有逗号 2. 与先行词关系紧密，在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省略，意思不完整。 2. 与先行词关系不密切，往往是对先行词的附加说明，为先行词提供补充信息，即使去掉，意思依旧完整。 3. 只可修饰先行词，不可修饰整个句子 3.可修饰整个句子 4. 关系代词在从句中当宾语时可省略 4.关系代词在从句中当宾语时不能省略 5。 可用that 5.不可用that引导 8. 限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别 1. 无逗号 8. 限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别 Do you know the girl who just came in? 你认识那个刚刚进来的女生吗？ The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company. 这位独自居住的老妇人，养了一只猫陪伴她。 1. 我去年买了这栋房子，它有一个漂亮的花园。 The house, __________________________ has a lovely garden. which I bought last year 2. 第一次遇见怀特先生的时候，是在我生命中一个非常艰难的时期。 The time__________________________was a very difficult period of my life. when I first met Mr. White 1.关系代词在从句中作主语 e.g. I thank the woman _______ helped me. 2.关系代词在从句中作宾语 e.g. The girl _______________ I met yesterday is Mary. 3.关系代词在从句中作主语 e.g. The book __________ is cheap is on the desk. 4.关系代词在从句中作宾语 e.g. The book ______________ I bought yesterday is on the desk. Ex 1. who/that who/that/whom/X that/which that/which/X There comes a time _______ the old must give way to the new, ... Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics _______ were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage. After listening to the scientists _________ had studied the problem, and citizens _______ lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help. Temples ... and then moved and put back together again in a place _______ they were safe from the water. Not only had the countries found a path to the future _______ did not run over the relics of the past ... ... by UNESCO, _________ runs a programme _________ prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing. when that who who where that which that Fill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns and adverbs. Ex 2. 1. 当先行词是all，much，anything，something，everything，nothing，little，few等不定代词时： 9. 关系代词宜用that不用which的情况 2. 当先行词为序数词/形容词最高级，或被序数词/形容词最高级修饰时： There was not much (that) we could do when it was raining. 下雨的时候我们能做的事不多。 That is all that works. 这就是所有的工作。 The first English novel that I read was The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. 我读的第一本英文小说是《汤姆·索亚历险记》。 This is the most beautiful scenery that I have seen so far. 这是我目前见过的最美的风景。 9. 关系代词宜用that不用which的情况 3. 当先行词被all，no，few，any，little，the same，the last，the only，the very等修饰时： I’ve read all the books that my mother bought for me. 我已经读完了妈妈买给我的所有书。 This is the very book (that) I want to read. 这正是我想读的书。 4. 当先行词既有人又有物时： The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。 10. 关系代词宜用which不用that的情况 1. 在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时： Is this the car for which you paid a high price? 这就是你花高价买的那辆车吗？ 2. 当有两个并列的定语从句时，其中前一个从句的关系代词用that，后一个宜用which： Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 我给你看一本我从新开放的图书馆里借的小说。 11. 关系代词宜用who不用that的情况 先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one，ones，anyone，everyone，everybody，someone等，或先行词为 those且指人时： The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. 买了房子或搬家的人是举办派对的人。 Those who dare to break the law will be punished. 那些胆敢违反法律的人将会受到惩罚。 1. 关系代词作动词的间接宾语时，用to或for。例如： Who is the girl that he gave the flower to? Who is the girl that he gave the flower? 2. 无关系代词时，也要用to或for。例如： The lady I wrote the poem for was my sister. 我为她写诗的那个女人是我姐姐。 12. 关系代词作动词的间接宾语的情况 Workbook who whom whose that which when where why 1. That is the site ________ they discovered caves full of Buddha statues. 2. Does anybody know the reason ________ he refused to sign the document? 3. Sue is the person to ________ I sent the text message yesterday. 4. My brother works in a café ________ top-quality Italian food is served. 5. This is the archaeologist ________ discovered the Inca ruins. 6. On the way home, he helped a young man ________ car had broken down. 7. Tasmania is the most unforgettable place _________ I have ever been to. 8. In European countries, the weekend is usually a time ________ nobody goes to work. 9. This is the story in __________ the valuable blue and white porcelain vase from the Ming Dynasty was finally returned to its owner. where why whom where who whose that/which when which Choose the correct words to fill in the blanks. 13. 练习 1. Last winter we saw the well-preserved temple for the first time. I will remember it forever. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2. I met a German scientist at the party last week. He is likely to be working in our city. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 3. This is the bookshop. I found a book about Liang Sicheng’s contribution to protecting China’s cultural heritage in it. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ I will remember forever the time last winter when we first saw the well-preserved temple.（我会永远记得去年冬天的那一刻，就在那一刻我们第一次看到那座 保存完好的寺庙。） I met a German scientist who is likely to be working in our city at the party last week.（上周的聚会上我遇到了一位德国科学家，这位科学家可能会在我们城市工作。） This is the bookshop where I found a book about Liang Sicheng’s contribution to protecting China’s cultural heritage.（这就是那家书店，我在里面找到了一本书，书中讲述了梁思成对中国文化遗产保护所做出的贡献。） Join the two sentences using relative clauses. Then translate them into Chinese. 4. The boy’s proposal was helpful and practical. Most of the students agreed with him. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 5. He does not identify happiness with money. That is the reason. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 6. The committee was established last year. It plays an important role in environmental protection. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ That is the reason why he does not identify happiness with money. （这就是他不把幸福等同于金钱的原因。） Most of the students agreed with the boy whose proposal was helpful and practical. （多数学生都赞同那个男孩，认为他的建议既有用又可行。） The committee which was established last year plays an important role in environmental protection. （去年成立的委员会在环境保护方面发挥了重要的作用。） Join the two sentences using relative clauses. Then translate them into Chinese. 1. This is the month during which we’d like to travel around. ___________________________________________________________________ 2. She gave a lecture in the hall in which we interviewed a famous Beijing opera actor last week. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 3. Lillian works in a government office in which there are many different departments. ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Finding a job as a history teacher in another school was the reason for which I moved. ___________________________________________________________________ This is the month when we’d like to travel around. She gave a lecture in the hall where we interviewed a famous Beijing opera actor last week. Lillian works in a government office where there are many different departments. Finding a job as a history teacher in another school was the reason why I moved. Rewrite the sentences by replacing prep+which/whom with when/how/ where/why. 5. Summer is the season in which it is best to practise outside with your team. ___________________________________________________________________ 6. The Longmen Grottoes were the place in which I met the famous artist who showed me many of his paintings and digital photos. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 7. I relied on my car until it broke down at the place at which the three roads met. ___________________________________________________________________ 8. It is a time at which the sun begins to set and the moon begins to rise. He likes to take photos from the roof of his house. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Summer is the season when it is best to practise outside with your team. The Longmen Grottoes were the place where I met the famous artist who showed me many of his paintings and digital photos. I relied on my car until it broke down at the place where the three roads met. He likes to take photos from the roof of his house at a time when the sun begins to set and the moon begins to rise. Rewrite the sentences by replacing prep+which/whom with when/how/ where/why. 1. No one knows for certain how the islanders transported the statues, they were extremely large and heavy. ___________________________________________________________________ 2. People doubt that they were dragged (牵引) over the land, that is so rough. ___________________________________________________________________ 3. Some people think that the islanders used large tools that is made of strong wood. ___________________________________________________________________ 4. The wood for making the tools probably came from big trees, it did not exist on the island. ___________________________________________________________________ 5. Some people claim that unknown beings from space moved the statues, they are so heavy. ___________________________________________________________________ which which were which which were The large stone statues on Easter Island remain a mystery to us. Read about their history and correct the mistakes in the text. 6. According to the islanders, the finished statues were moved by those had magic powers. ___________________________________________________________________ 7. It is said that the statues were carved during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, when the island was ruled by a mysterious society then. ___________________________________________________________________ 8. The Dutch visited the island in 1722 the time the society that had made the statues had disappeared. ___________________________________________________________________ 9. The Dutch wanted to get supplies on this island where there were only four thousand people on it. ___________________________________________________________________ who when The large stone statues on Easter Island remain a mystery to us. Read about their history and correct the mistakes in the text. Make definitions of fund, cultural relic and environmentalist using relative clauses. Homework Thanks $$