精品解析：北京市第一六六中学2023-2024学年高一下期末模拟考试英语试卷

北京市第一六六中学2023-2024学年度第二学期期末模拟诊断试题 高一年级英语学科 （时长：90分钟） 考查目标： 知识：必修二Unit3、至必修三Unit4词汇、语法 能力：阅读能力、写作能力 第一部分：完型填空（共10题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Anger Is a Gift “Mom, where are you? I’ve been waiting for 10 minutes.” I shouted into the phone. “Honey, sorry. I left the office a bit late and the ___1___ caused really bad traffic, but I…” I hung up. Conversations like this happen every week. Being a teen is ___2___ enough, and my parents often make me feel less important than their work. In second grade, I broke my arm on the slide. When the school nurse called my mom, she was too ___3___ to answer. When the phone call reached my father, he sighed (叹息) and said, “I’m in the middle of research.” I sat in the nurse’s office for hours, before my parents finally ___4___ to take me to hospital. I wished my parents could keep me company. To make my parents take me seriously, I screamed. I tried to establish my own authority by ignoring their schedule. My mom did everything possible to solve the problem, but nothing ___5___ until she met that adviser. One day after I shut my door in her face, my mom didn’t complain or cry. Instead, she knocked and said, “I have something to tell you.” I opened the door. “Today I met a really good adviser. He said that every time your daughter is angry, she is just saying: I ___6___ you.” It dawned on me that my anger was merely a mask for me to ___7___ my loneliness and disappointment. But facing one’s ___8___ need is the first step towards being happier. This concept not only helped things between my parents and me but also enabled me to handle conflicts and emotions. I started to pay attention to other people’s ___9___. When an angry customer approached me at my volunteering job, he was saying, “I need more service.” When a homeless person shouted to me in a parking lot, he was simply saying, “I need food and help.” I am now able to see through the fog of anger and see the real face and heart of other people. Five minutes after I hung up on her, my mom’s car finally appeared through the fog. She rolled down her window and said, “Let’s go to a hotpot place, shall we?” I ___10___, “OK, but promise me you won’t be late again.” 1. A. rain B. snow C. fog D. wind 2. A. hard B. unusual C. interesting D. exciting 3. A. upset B. scared C. nervous D. busy 4. A. passed by B. drove away C. showed up D. gave in 5. A. appeared B. mattered C. happened D. worked 6. A. hate B. need C. believe D. understand 7. A. avoid B. relieve C. show D. hide 8. A. unsatisfied B. typical C. increasing D. physical 9. A. behavior B. anger C. reaction D. satisfaction 10. A. whispered B. complained C. smiled D. hesitated 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，30分） 第一节 （共10题；每小题2，满分20分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A It’s a Friday morning in Boston, which means Dr Jim O’Connell is making his rounds. He might be more comfortable inside an exam room, but that’s not where his patients are. O’Connell is one of a handful of physicians making house calls to the homeless in the city. More than 550,000 Americans are homeless, and many have health problems but no access to care. O’Connell and his team are doing something about it. They spend their days walking around where the homeless live — in parks, under bridges, and outside town. They treat about 700 regular patients. During these rounds, O’Connell himself usually sees about 20 patients. He knows where most of them sleep and whom to ask if they are missing. O’Connell went to Harvard Medical School and was on his way to a famous oncology (肿瘤学) scholarship when his chief suggested he take what was supposed to be a one-year position as the founding physician of a new health-care programme for Boston’s homeless people. That turned into a 33-year career at the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Programme, one of the country’s largest of its kind. O’Connell provides just everything, from stitches (缝线) for an arm to surgery for the soul. If patients can’t be treated on the street, he finds them a treatment bed at the organization’s medical respite (暂缓) facility, a place for patients who are too sick to be on the streets but not ill enough for a hospital stay. “Everything I had been taught to do in medical school — go fast, be efficient (高效的) — was counterproductive when you take care of homeless people” O’Connell told Harvard Magazine. “When you see somebody outside, you get them a cup of coffee and sit with them. Sometimes it took six months or a year of offering a sandwich or coffee before someone would start to talk to me. But once they form a good relationship with you, they’ll come to you anytime because they trust you.” When asked about how his life might have turned out, had he become a highly paid physician, O’Connell said “I never think about it anymore.” Some things are more valuable than money. Just ask O’Connell who gets everything from patients who have nothing material to give. 11. What do we know about the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Programme? A. It has been founded for 34 years. B. It offers a high salary to its involvers. C. It, provides everything for the homeless. D. It aims to care about the health of Boston’s homeless people. 12. What does the underlined word “counterproductive” mean in Paragraph 4? A. High-efficient. B. Being more productive. C. Achieving the opposite result to the one that you want. D. Achieving the excellent result to the one that you want. 13. From what O’Connell did we can describe he is ______. A. hardworking, kind, patient and selfless B. warm-hearted, brave, honest and confident C. easy-going, successful, famous and fortunate D. good-tempered, believable, inspired and happy B Awe is not an everyday emotion. You don’t wake up awestruck. A satisfying lunch doesn’t leave you filled with awe. Even a great day is unlikely to leave you in a state of breathtaking, all-knowing fear and trembling. Then what is-awe? Psychologists Dacher Keltner and Jonathan Haidt suggested that awe（typically includes feelings of grandness. That means awe is inspired by something larger than a person’s self or experience. And it usually helps expand the person s understanding of the world. For example, awe might come from seeing a mountain taller than you thought a mountain could be. Or it might come from listening to a symphony that contains both shockingly 4oud and touchingly quiet notes. People can be awe-inspiring, too: think of meeting a political leader whose power seems limitless. In order to find out more about the mysterious feeling, the psychologists laid out a research plan. In the years since, they and other researchers have been testing awe. What is it? How does it work? What seems awesome, and why? For the first time, they’re starting to understand both what a we does to us and what it might do for us. When psychologists first started studying awe, one of the unanswered questions was: What do we look like when we’re feeling it? Emotions come with facial expressions. Keltner and two workmates guessed that an awe-filled person would widen her eyes and raise her head, eyes and eyebrows, just a bit. And they were on track. When they asked people to perform awe, they found that people indeed often raised their eyebrows and widened their eyes. They also opened their mouths and dropped their jaws. Another question was the purpose of the emotion. “We developed emotions to help us deal with and survive certain dangers,” explains Craig Anderson, a student in Keltner’s lab, “When people are scared, they freeze or run away. People that behaved like that tended to survive long enough.” In the same way, awe should have some sort of reason for existing. So far, it seems that the purpose of awe might draw people together. When people are awestruck, they feel like time has slowed. down somehow, and when they feel so, they are more willing to use it to help others. The study also shows that awe promotes generosity. It improves people’s moral decision making. A paper still under review indicates that a we can make people more modest, too. “We actually experience awe a lot more often than we think,” says one of the researchers, Rudd, “We meet something in the big wide world, our minds open as we look for an explanation, and as a result we open up to connecting to other people. But if you are keeping yourself in your own small world, it’s going to be hard to experience that feeling. Just go out into newness and you’re going to be more likely to run into something that’s awe-inspiring. 14. According to Keltner and Haidt, which of the following can most likely inspire awe? A. Eating Beijing duck at Quanjude Restaurant. B. Listening to a pleasant flute solo in a famous bar. C. Enjoying a sound sleep after an extremely tiring day. D. Seeing a huge elephant up close in its natural setting. 15. What can we infer from the passage? A. We should try to avoid awe because it can fill people with fear. B. Awe is a complex feeling and no one can understand it. C. Awe is socially beneficial and we should be open to it. D. We should try to feel awe because it helps us survive. 16. What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage? A. To move readers with touching stories about awe. B. To explain what awe is and what it brings to people. C. To show awe functions differently from other emotions. D. To persuade readers to experience awe as much as possible. C Should humans explore space? If you ask me, I’ll definitely give a positive answer. The exploitation (开发) of space has a direct impact on the lives of humans, as well as the state of our world. Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world. connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide. The Global Positioning System (GPS) can identify our location anywhere. Furthermore, weather satellites can forecast harmful weather conditions which allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives. Space programs can also indirectly contribute to the solution to poverty and world hunger. For example, large plots of land could be used far better if humans applied technologies. The most effective tool is the artificial earth satellite. It can screen areas of land within a very short time, indicating useful measures such as the condition of crops, soil rainfall, and droughts. It can then transmit this information to ground stations on the earth for better use. In recent years, space-based technologies have become an important factor to reach and expand global health objectives. Information provided by remote technologies can be applied to study the epidemiology (流行病学). This data provided by space technologies can monitor disease patterns, understand the environmental causes that spread it, make predictions about where it can spread in the future, and make plans to fight it efficiently. Furthermore access to better education means better life prospects and opportunities for human beings. Rural communities have disadvantaged access to education and satellite communication technologies are trying to bridge this gap. With the advancement of technology, students can now access any information and connect with peers and teachers in different parts of the world via video conferences and the creation of virtual classrooms. Space exploration is something we can do for future generations. Mankind is using the resources provided on the planet, but these will run out one day. Overpopulation can be an existential threat for all mankind. With the advancement of space technology, it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets, such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids or other planets. For the exploration of the universe, perhaps the most advantageous of all is that it will unite us to work together for a common purpose, regardless of our differences. 17. What can space exploitation do according to Paragraph 2? A. Improve the traffic on the earth. B. Promote travel between countries. C. Help prevent deadly natural disasters. D. Help humans communicate and exchange information. 18. How can space programs help with poverty and world hunger? A. By benefiting crop production with artificial earth satellites. B. By transporting food worldwide more easily. C. By creating job opportunities for the poor. D. By protecting available land resources. 19. What does the author think of mining resources on other planets? A. Time-wasting B. Arguable. C. Necessary. D. Educational 20. What would be the best title for the text? A. Why Space Exploration Is Important? B. Why Humankind Should Keep Exploring? C. Why We Should Improve Space Technology? D. Why Humans Should Keep Developing Technologies? 第二节 （共5题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sometimes in our life we face this problem: loved ones as well as strangers annoying us. At home, we’ve had to put up with children screaming during online meetings, and family members on the computer all the time. ___21___ Kindness seems like a distant memory. The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever. ___22___ If we take kindness as a skill, making it a daily practice, it will come easier over time. ___23___ Loving Kindness Meditation (默想) (LKM), which dates back to the time of its roots to early Buddhism, helps us find sympathy for one another even during trying times. The meditation asks us to send thoughts of loving kindness to loved ones, then to acquaintances (people you don’t know very well) and finally to challenging people. Over time, our unkind thoughts are replaced with more open, accepting ones. Anger is replaced by love, or at least kindness. Donald Altman, a psychotherapist from Portland, Oregon, says LKM helps us recognize we are all weak and have been hurt. ___24___ So how? To begin with, Altman suggests finding a quiet place to sit. He says to then imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words, “May you be well, happy and at peace.” After a few minutes, direct the words at yourself, “May I be well, happy and at peace.” ___25___ Replace the “I” with the name of a teacher or coach, then a family member or friend, then an acquaintance, and finally an unfriendly person in your life. End the meditation by spreading the blessing to all living beings. Indeed, we should find our own way toward LKM — but only if we are prepared to access its benefits and extend them to anyone who may need them. A. The good news is that it isn’t lost. B. Luckily, we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance. C. At work, we’ve had to face the added pressure these demanding jobs create. D. Then, extend the blessing to other people, in order of decreasing fondness. E. For that reason, we could all benefit from love’s warm and comforting blessing. F. You can combine the words with breathing, repeating a phrase of love for yourself. G. Outside, we’ve encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking loudly on the subway. 第三部分：书面表达（共四节，55分） 第一节：阅读表达（共3小题9分；第26、27题各2分，第28题5分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 You might not have heard of the “fresh start effect”, but if you’ve ever made a New Year’s resolution (决心), you’re familiar with it. It refers to the human tendency to take action towards achieving a goal after a special occasion or key date has passed. The fresh start effect is simple. Most people want to improve themselves in some way. When we hit important milestones (里程碑), we’re often likely to reflect: was this year a successful year, or did we waste it? Annual landmarks like birthdays, or the start of a new year, signify a new time period and an opportunity to leave mistakes behind and to set new goals for better behavior. Research shows that expectation of a new beginning is a key motivator for the fresh start effect. For example, people aged 29,39,49 etc. were 48% more likely to run a marathon for the first time. When they were approaching a new decade, they were more likely to search for meaning in their lives and try to improve themselves. The reason is simple. When we see our past self as separate from our current self, we feel it easier to introduce new goals and take action. What’s interesting about the fresh start effect is that we don’t need to wait for big milestones to take advantage of this sudden motivation (动力). Studies show that the first day of each month and even each week can also inspire us. These days, known as “temporal landmarks”, encourage us to step back and think about our current situation. And when we do this, we gain the motivation to be better: we become more driven and more productive. That is why people are more likely to start diets or exercise plans on Monday, rather than the next day. Fresh starts are exciting opportunities to learn from your mistakes and move forward. So, if you’re currently experiencing loss of motivation, questioning the meaning of your work, or just feel like you’re stuck in a rut (一成不变的生活), why don’t you use the fresh start effect in your own life? 26. According to the passage, what is “fresh start effect”? ________________________________________________________________ 27. Why is expectation of a new beginning a key motivator for the fresh start effect? ________________________________________________________________ 28. Besides the fresh start effect, in what other way(s) do you motivate yourself in your life? (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ 第二节（共16题；每小题1分，满分16分） 根据上下文语境，选用方框中单词或词组的正确形式填空，有一个多余的选项。 major, grateful, respond, feature, affect, reflect, reject, complain, in memory of As a five-year-old girl, Lin Qiaozhi ___29___ by her mother’s death. At age 18, instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the ___30___ of girls, she chose to study medicine. “Why should girls learn so much? Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother ___31___, thinking of the high tuition fees. She ___32___, “I’d rather stay single to study all my life!” Some festivals have religious origins ___33___ famous figures; some are agricultural festivals to show ___34___ for harvesting crops; some are festivals ___35___ traditions, in which customs still play a significant role; while in others, traditions have faded away and they seem not ___36___ people’s beliefs or faiths. 根据上下文语境，选用方框中单词或词组的正确形式填空，有一个多余的选项。 mission, minority, explore, orbit, define, seek one’s fortune, astronaut, finance, carry on Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. All the ___37___ on the Soyuz 11, Challenger, and Columbia spacecraft died during their ___38___. However, while these disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire ___39___ the universe did not die. This is because people believe in the importance of ___40___ space exploration despite the huge risks. I went to Dali, Yunnan Province, which is a district of diverse ___41___ and has a mild climate. It would be a ___42___ super experience. At first, I thought there would be a large percentage of constructions made of primitive materials due to ___43___ difficulty. However, it turned out that the downtown area contained neat bars in which jazz was played. Many people are immigrants from other places. Some come ___44___ or (to) earn a living while others settle down to escape from the cold north of China. 第三节：请将下面的中文句子翻译成英文，翻译时须运用括号内所给的词汇或语法。（共10题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 45. 每年中国人花好几天庆祝春节。(celebrate) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 46. 刚才我想出了一个好办法（occur）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 47. 近些年来，因特网使得我们的生活更方便。（convenient）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 48. 这个小镇被很多树木和群山包围。（surround）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 49. 想象一下有机会去太空旅行。(opportunity) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 50. 她鼓舞人心的演讲对我产生了很大影响。（impact）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 51. 国庆节假期在10月1日来临，持续一周。（fall，非谓语动词做状语）(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 52. 我看到很多人穿着华丽的衣服。（wear，非谓语动词做宾语补足语）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53. 前进唯一办法是摆脱过去。（break，非谓语动词做定语和表语）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 54. 受到这些伟大成就的鼓舞，他为自己的国家感到骄傲。（inspire,非谓语动词做状语）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 第四节：作文（15分）（内容6分，语言6分，结构3分） 55. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你在端午节期间到我国南方游览。你美国笔友Jim对此很感兴趣，请你根据他的邮件给他回信。 Dear Li Hua, How is everything going? I have heard that you went to the southern part of China during the Dragon Boat Festival and took part in various kinds of celebrations there. You know I am a big fan of traditional Chinese culture, so could you please write to me and tell me about your festival experience and your feelings about it? Looking forward to your early reply! Yours, Jim 注意：1 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 北京市第一六六中学2023-2024学年度第二学期期末模拟诊断试题 高一年级英语学科 （时长：90分钟） 考查目标： 知识：必修二Unit3、至必修三Unit4词汇、语法 能力：阅读能力、写作能力 第一部分：完型填空（共10题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Anger Is a Gift “Mom, where are you? I’ve been waiting for 10 minutes.” I shouted into the phone. “Honey, sorry. I left the office a bit late and the ___1___ caused really bad traffic, but I…” I hung up. Conversations like this happen every week. Being a teen is ___2___ enough, and my parents often make me feel less important than their work. In second grade, I broke my arm on the slide. When the school nurse called my mom, she was too ___3___ to answer. When the phone call reached my father, he sighed (叹息) and said, “I’m in the middle of research.” I sat in the nurse’s office for hours, before my parents finally ___4___ to take me to hospital. I wished my parents could keep me company. To make my parents take me seriously, I screamed. I tried to establish my own authority by ignoring their schedule. My mom did everything possible to solve the problem, but nothing ___5___ until she met that adviser. One day after I shut my door in her face, my mom didn’t complain or cry. Instead, she knocked and said, “I have something to tell you.” I opened the door. “Today I met a really good adviser. He said that every time your daughter is angry, she is just saying: I ___6___ you.” It dawned on me that my anger was merely a mask for me to ___7___ my loneliness and disappointment. But facing one’s ___8___ need is the first step towards being happier. This concept not only helped things between my parents and me but also enabled me to handle conflicts and emotions. I started to pay attention to other people’s ___9___. When an angry customer approached me at my volunteering job, he was saying, “I need more service.” When a homeless person shouted to me in a parking lot, he was simply saying, “I need food and help.” I am now able to see through the fog of anger and see the real face and heart of other people. Five minutes after I hung up on her, my mom’s car finally appeared through the fog. She rolled down her window and said, “Let’s go to a hotpot place, shall we?” I ___10___, “OK, but promise me you won’t be late again.” 1. A. rain B. snow C. fog D. wind 2. A. hard B. unusual C. interesting D. exciting 3. A. upset B. scared C. nervous D. busy 4. A. passed by B. drove away C. showed up D. gave in 5. A. appeared B. mattered C. happened D. worked 6. A. hate B. need C. believe D. understand 7. A. avoid B. relieve C. show D. hide 8. A. unsatisfied B. typical C. increasing D. physical 9. A. behavior B. anger C. reaction D. satisfaction 10. A. whispered B. complained C. smiled D. hesitated 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者的父母总是工作太忙，忽视作者，为了让父母多关注和陪伴自己，作者选择用愤怒来引起他们的注意。某天母亲告诉作者，她遇到的一个顾问告诉母亲，作者愤怒的背后其实想表达的是孩子需要母亲。这也让作者明白了自己的愤怒只不过是一种掩饰自己孤独和失望的面具，作者现在能够看穿愤怒的迷雾，看到其他人真实的面孔和内心。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我下班晚了一点，雾又造成了交通拥堵，但我……。A. rain雨；B. snow雪；C. fog雾；D. wind风。对应最后一段中“my mom’s car finally appeared through the fog.”作者的妈妈遇到了大雾造成的交通拥堵。故选C。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个青少年已经够艰难的了，我的父母经常让我觉得他们的工作比我更重要。A. hard艰难的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. interesting有趣的；D. exciting激动的。根据后文“enough, and my parents often make me feel less important than their work”可知and表示并列，说明本句是作者在说明自己作为青少年遇到的困难，故选A。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学校的护士打电话给我妈妈，她太忙了，没时间接电话。A. upset沮丧的；B. scared害怕的；C. nervous紧张的；D. busy忙碌的。根据前后文“she was too … to answer”可知too…to…表示“太……以至于不能……”，推测母亲太忙而没有接电话。故选D。 【4题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我在护士办公室里坐了好几个小时，最后我的父母才出现，送我去医院。A. passed by经过；B. drove away赶走；C. showed up出现；D. gave in屈服。根据后文“take me to hospital”可知过了好几个小时，作者的父母才出现，送作者去医院。故选C。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈尽了一切可能来解决这个问题，但没有起任何作用，直到她遇到了那个顾问。A. appeared出现；B. mattered重要；C. happened发生；D. worked起作用。根据上文“My mom did everything possible to solve the problem, but nothing”可知but表示转折，说明妈妈尽了一切可能来解决这个问题，但没有起任何作用。故选D。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说每次你女儿生气的时候，她只是在说：我需要你。A. hate讨厌；B. need需要；C. believe相信；D. understand理解。对应后文“need is the first step towards being happier”以及“I need more service.”可知，顾问告诉作者的母亲，作者生气背后的意思是在说作者需要母亲。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我明白了，我的愤怒只不过是一种掩饰自己孤独和失望的面具。A. avoid避免；B. relieve减轻；C. show展示；D. hide隐藏，掩饰。根据上文“my anger was merely a mask for me to”可知愤怒只不过是一种掩饰自己孤独和失望的面具。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但面对自己未被满足的需求是变得更快乐的第一步。A. unsatisfied未满足的；B. typical典型的；C. increasing渐增的；D. physical身体的。结合上文可知，作者希望父母多陪伴自己，但父母总是做不到，所以此处指自己未被满足的需求。故选A。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始注意别人的愤怒。A. behavior行为；B. anger愤怒；C. reaction反应；D. satisfaction满足。根据后文“an angry customer”以及“a homeless person shouted to me”可知，作者开始注意别人的愤怒。故选B。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我笑着说：“好吧，不过你得答应我，以后不要再迟到了。”A. whispered耳语；B. complained抱怨；C. smiled微笑；D. hesitated犹豫。结合后文“OK, but promise me you won’t be late again.”作者回答好吧，可知作者这次没有生母亲的气，所以推测是微笑着说的。故选C。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，30分） 第一节 （共10题；每小题2，满分20分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A It’s a Friday morning in Boston, which means Dr Jim O’Connell is making his rounds. He might be more comfortable inside an exam room, but that’s not where his patients are. O’Connell is one of a handful of physicians making house calls to the homeless in the city. More than 550,000 Americans are homeless, and many have health problems but no access to care. O’Connell and his team are doing something about it. They spend their days walking around where the homeless live — in parks, under bridges, and outside town. They treat about 700 regular patients. During these rounds, O’Connell himself usually sees about 20 patients. He knows where most of them sleep and whom to ask if they are missing. O’Connell went to Harvard Medical School and was on his way to a famous oncology (肿瘤学) scholarship when his chief suggested he take what was supposed to be a one-year position as the founding physician of a new health-care programme for Boston’s homeless people. That turned into a 33-year career at the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Programme, one of the country’s largest of its kind. O’Connell provides just everything, from stitches (缝线) for an arm to surgery for the soul. If patients can’t be treated on the street, he finds them a treatment bed at the organization’s medical respite (暂缓) facility, a place for patients who are too sick to be on the streets but not ill enough for a hospital stay. “Everything I had been taught to do in medical school — go fast, be efficient (高效的) — was counterproductive when you take care of homeless people” O’Connell told Harvard Magazine. “When you see somebody outside, you get them a cup of coffee and sit with them. Sometimes it took six months or a year of offering a sandwich or coffee before someone would start to talk to me. But once they form a good relationship with you, they’ll come to you anytime because they trust you.” When asked about how his life might have turned out, had he become a highly paid physician, O’Connell said “I never think about it anymore.” Some things are more valuable than money. Just ask O’Connell who gets everything from patients who have nothing material to give. 11. What do we know about the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Programme? A. It has been founded for 34 years. B. It offers a high salary to its involvers. C. It, provides everything for the homeless. D. It aims to care about the health of Boston’s homeless people. 12. What does the underlined word “counterproductive” mean in Paragraph 4? A. High-efficient. B. Being more productive. C. Achieving the opposite result to the one that you want. D. Achieving the excellent result to the one that you want. 13. From what O’Connell did we can describe he is ______. A. hardworking, kind, patient and selfless B. warm-hearted, brave, honest and confident C. easy-going, successful, famous and fortunate D. good-tempered, believable, inspired and happy 【答案】11. D 12. C 13. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章叙述了Dr Jim O’Connell的工作日常，介绍了他为波士顿无家可归者提供医疗关怀的事迹，展现了他的人道主义精神和职业生涯选择背后的意义。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“O’Connell went to Harvard Medical School and was on his way to a famous oncology (肿瘤学) scholarship when his chief suggested he take what was supposed to be a one-year position as the founding physician of a new health-care programme for Boston’s homeless people. That turned into a 33-year career at the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Programme, one of the country’s largest of its kind. (奥康奈尔毕业于哈佛医学院，在获得著名的肿瘤学奖学金的途中，他的上司建议他担任一个为期一年的职位，担任波士顿无家可归者新医疗保健项目的创始医生。后来，我在波士顿无家可归者医疗保健项目工作了33年，该项目是美国同类项目中规模最大的之一)”可知，这个项目最初是为波士顿无家可归者提供医疗服务而设立的，而O’Connell已经在该项目工作了33年。故选D。 【12题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Everything I had been taught to do in medical school — go fast, be efficient (高效的) (我在医学院学到的一切——快速、高效的)”及下文“When you see somebody outside, you get them a cup of coffee and sit with them. Sometimes it took six months or a year of offering a sandwich or coffee before someone would start to talk to me. But once they form a good relationship with you, they’ll come to you anytime because they trust you.(当你在外面看到别人时，你会给他们倒杯咖啡，和他们坐在一起。有时候，我得等上六个月或一年才会有人主动跟我说话。但一旦他们与你建立了良好的关系，他们就会随时来找你，因为他们信任你)”可知，O’Connell提到医学教育中快速、高效的原则在照顾无家可归者时并不适用，相反，需要耐心和建立信任，通过长时间的接触和帮助才能让他们打开心扉。因此，counterproductive在此处意为“达到与预期相反的结果”。A. High-efficient高效；B. Being more productive提高工作效率；C. Achieving the opposite result to the one that you want获得与你想要的相反的结果；D. Achieving the excellent result to the one that you want达到理想的效果。故选C。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“O’Connell went to Harvard Medical School and was on his way to a famous oncology (肿瘤学) scholarship when his chief suggested he take what was supposed to be a one-year position as the founding physician of a new health-care programme for Boston’s homeless people. That turned into a 33-year career at the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Programme, one of the country’s largest of its kind. (奥康奈尔毕业于哈佛医学院，在获得著名的肿瘤学奖学金的途中，他的上司建议他担任一个为期一年的职位，担任波士顿无家可归者新医疗保健项目的创始医生。后来，我在波士顿无家可归者医疗保健项目工作了33年，该项目是美国同类项目中规模最大的之一)”和第四段中的“When you see somebody outside, you get-them a cup of coffee and sit with them. Sometimes it took six months or a year of offering a sandwich or coffee before someone would start to talk to me. But once they form a good relationship with you, they’ll come to you anytime because they trust you. (当你在外面看到别人时，你会给他们倒杯咖啡，和他们坐在一起。有时候，我得等上六个月或一年才会有人主动跟我说话。但一旦他们与你建立了良好的关系，他们就会随时来找你，因为他们信任你)”可知，他放弃高薪肿瘤学奖学金机会、33年来一直为无家可归者提供医疗服务、愿意花长时间与病人建立信任关系等。由此推知，他是一个勤奋、善良、有耐心且无私的人。故选A。 B Awe is not an everyday emotion. You don’t wake up awestruck. A satisfying lunch doesn’t leave you filled with awe. Even a great day is unlikely to leave you in a state of breathtaking, all-knowing fear and trembling. Then what is-awe? Psychologists Dacher Keltner and Jonathan Haidt suggested that awe（typically includes feelings of grandness. That means awe is inspired by something larger than a person’s self or experience. And it usually helps expand the person s understanding of the world. For example, awe might come from seeing a mountain taller than you thought a mountain could be. Or it might come from listening to a symphony that contains both shockingly 4oud and touchingly quiet notes. People can be awe-inspiring, too: think of meeting a political leader whose power seems limitless. In order to find out more about the mysterious feeling, the psychologists laid out a research plan. In the years since, they and other researchers have been testing awe. What is it? How does it work? What seems awesome, and why? For the first time, they’re starting to understand both what a we does to us and what it might do for us. When psychologists first started studying awe, one of the unanswered questions was: What do we look like when we’re feeling it? Emotions come with facial expressions. Keltner and two workmates guessed that an awe-filled person would widen her eyes and raise her head, eyes and eyebrows, just a bit. And they were on track. When they asked people to perform awe, they found that people indeed often raised their eyebrows and widened their eyes. They also opened their mouths and dropped their jaws. Another question was the purpose of the emotion. “We developed emotions to help us deal with and survive certain dangers,” explains Craig Anderson, a student in Keltner’s lab, “When people are scared, they freeze or run away. People that behaved like that tended to survive long enough.” In the same way, awe should have some sort of reason for existing. So far, it seems that the purpose of awe might draw people together. When people are awestruck, they feel like time has slowed. down somehow, and when they feel so, they are more willing to use it to help others. The study also shows that awe promotes generosity. It improves people’s moral decision making. A paper still under review indicates that a we can make people more modest, too. “We actually experience awe a lot more often than we think,” says one of the researchers, Rudd, “We meet something in the big wide world, our minds open as we look for an explanation, and as a result we open up to connecting to other people. But if you are keeping yourself in your own small world, it’s going to be hard to experience that feeling. Just go out into newness and you’re going to be more likely to run into something that’s awe-inspiring. 14. According to Keltner and Haidt, which of the following can most likely inspire awe? A. Eating Beijing duck at Quanjude Restaurant. B. Listening to a pleasant flute solo in a famous bar. C. Enjoying a sound sleep after an extremely tiring day. D. Seeing a huge elephant up close in its natural setting. 15. What can we infer from the passage? A. We should try to avoid awe because it can fill people with fear. B. Awe is a complex feeling and no one can understand it. C. Awe is socially beneficial and we should be open to it. D. We should try to feel awe because it helps us survive. 16 What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage? A. To move readers with touching stories about awe. B. To explain what awe is and what it brings to people. C. To show awe functions differently from other emotions. D. To persuade readers to experience awe as much as possible. 【答案】14. D 15. C 16. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是敬畏，敬畏给人类带来的积极影响以及人类对于敬畏所持态度。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“That means awe is inspired by something larger than a person’s self or experience.(这意味着敬畏来自于比个人或经历更大的事物)”和“For example, awe might come from seeing a mountain taller than you thought a mountain could be(例如，敬畏可能来自于看到一座比自己想象中更高的山)”可知，人们会向比自己或经历更大的事物表达敬畏。D选项中自然环境中的大象可能比我们想象的要大，会让我们产生敬畏。故选D项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第七段“So far, it seems that the purpose of awe might draw people together. When people are awestruck, they feel like time has slowed. down somehow, and when they feel so, they are more willing to use it to help others.(到目前为止，似乎敬畏的目的可以把人们聚在一起。当人们感到敬畏时，他们会觉得时间不知何故慢了下来，当他们感到敬畏时，他们会更愿意用它来帮助别人)”及最后一段“But if you are keeping yourself in your own small world, it’s going to be hard to experience that feeling. Just go out into newness and you’re going to be more likely to run into something that’s awe-inspiring.(但如果你把自己关在自己的小世界里，就很难体验到那种感觉。走出去接触新鲜事物，你更有可能遇到令人敬畏的东西)”可推测，敬畏对社会有帮助，我们应该对此持开放态度。故选C项。 【16题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“What is it? How does it work? What seems awesome, and why? For the first time, they’re starting to understand both what a we does to us and what it might do for us.(它是什么?它是如何工作的?什么看起来很棒?为什么?第一次，他们开始理解敬畏对我们的影响以及它可能对我们的影响)”及全文内容可推断，作者写此文的目的主要解释什么是敬畏，它给人们带来了什么。故选B项。 C Should humans explore space? If you ask me, I’ll definitely give a positive answer. The exploitation (开发) of space has a direct impact on the lives of humans, as well as the state of our world. Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world. connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide. The Global Positioning System (GPS) can identify our location anywhere. Furthermore, weather satellites can forecast harmful weather conditions which allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives. Space programs can also indirectly contribute to the solution to poverty and world hunger. For example, large plots of land could be used far better if humans applied technologies. The most effective tool is the artificial earth satellite. It can screen areas of land within a very short time, indicating useful measures such as the condition of crops, soil rainfall, and droughts. It can then transmit this information to ground stations on the earth for better use. In recent years, space-based technologies have become an important factor to reach and expand global health objectives. Information provided by remote technologies can be applied to study the epidemiology (流行病学). This data provided by space technologies can monitor disease patterns, understand the environmental causes that spread it, make predictions about where it can spread in the future, and make plans to fight it efficiently. Furthermore, access to better education means better life prospects and opportunities for human beings. Rural communities have disadvantaged access to education and satellite communication technologies are trying to bridge this gap. With the advancement of technology, students can now access any information and connect with peers and teachers in different parts of the world via video conferences and the creation of virtual classrooms. Space exploration is something we can do for future generations. Mankind is using the resources provided on the planet, but these will run out one day. Overpopulation can be an existential threat for all mankind. With the advancement of space technology, it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets, such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids or other planets. For the exploration of the universe, perhaps the most advantageous of all is that it will unite us to work together for a common purpose, regardless of our differences. 17. What can space exploitation do according to Paragraph 2? A. Improve the traffic on the earth. B. Promote travel between countries. C. Help prevent deadly natural disasters. D. Help humans communicate and exchange information. 18. How can space programs help with poverty and world hunger? A. By benefiting crop production with artificial earth satellites. B. By transporting food worldwide more easily. C. By creating job opportunities for the poor. D. By protecting available land resources. 19. What does the author think of mining resources on other planets? A. Time-wasting B. Arguable. C. Necessary. D. Educational 20. What would be the best title for the text? A Why Space Exploration Is Important? B. Why Humankind Should Keep Exploring? C. Why We Should Improve Space Technology? D. Why Humans Should Keep Developing Technologies? 【答案】17. D 18. A 19. C 20. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讲的是人类是否应该探索太空为此话题而展开的讨论，论述了探索太空的重要性。 【17题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The space exploration has a direct impact on the lives of humans, as well as the state of our world. Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world, connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide. The Global Positioning System(GPS) can identify our location anywhere. Furthermore, weather satellites can forecast harmful weather conditions, which allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives.”（太空探索直接影响着人类的生活，也影响着我们这个世界的现状。环绕地球运行的卫星使全世界的通信成为可能，将不同大陆的人们联系起来，向全世界广播信息。全球定位系统(GPS)可以在任何地方确定我们的位置。此外，气象卫星可以预测有害的天气状况，这使人类能够为致命的自然灾害做好准备，挽救生命。）可知，根据第二段，太空探索可以帮助人类交流和传播信息。故选D。 【18题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Space programs can also indirectly lead to the solution to poverty and world hunger. For example, large plots of land could be used far better if humans applied technologies. The most effective tool is the artificial earth satellite. It can screen areas of land within a very short time, indicating useful measures, such as the condition of crops, soil, rainfall, and droughts. It can then transmit this information to ground stations on the earth for better use.”（太空计划还可以间接地解决贫困和世界饥饿问题。例如，如果人类应用技术，大片土地可以得到更好地利用。最有效的工具是人造地球卫星。它可以在很短的时间内筛选土地面积，显示有用的措施，如作物状况、土壤、降雨和干旱。然后，它可以将这些信息传输到地球上的地面站，以便更好地使用。）可知，太空计划利用人造地球卫星造福农作物生产来帮助解决贫困和世界饥饿问题。故选A。 【19题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“With the advancement of space technology, it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets, such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids or other planets.”（随着太空技术的进步，利用和探索其他行星的巨大潜力将是明智的，例如小行星或其他行星上的采矿资源的可用性。）可推知，作者对在其他星球上开采资源这一行为认为是有必要的。故选C。 【20题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Should humans explore space? If you ask me, I’ll definitely give a positive answer.(人类应该探索太空吗？如果你问我，我一定会给你肯定的答复)”以及最后一段“For the exploration of the universe, perhaps the most advantageous of all is that it will unite us to work together for a common purpose, regardless of our differences.(对于宇宙的探索来说，也许最有利的是它将把我们团结起来，为了一个共同的目标而努力，不管我们有什么分歧)”结合文章主要讲的是人类是否应该探索太空为此话题而展开的讨论，论述了探索太空的重要性。可知，A选项“为什么太空探索很重要？”最符合文章标题。故选A。 第二节 （共5题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sometimes in our life we face this problem: loved ones as well as strangers annoying us. At home, we’ve had to put up with children screaming during online meetings, and family members on the computer all the time. ___21___ Kindness seems like a distant memory. The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever. ___22___ If we take kindness as a skill, making it a daily practice, it will come easier over time. ___23___ Loving Kindness Meditation (默想) (LKM), which dates back to the time of its roots to early Buddhism, helps us find sympathy for one another even during trying times. The meditation asks us to send thoughts of loving kindness to loved ones, then to acquaintances (people you don’t know very well) and finally to challenging people. Over time, our unkind thoughts are replaced with more open, accepting ones. Anger is replaced by love, or at least kindness. Donald Altman, a psychotherapist from Portland, Oregon, says LKM helps us recognize we are all weak and have been hurt. ___24___ So how? To begin with, Altman suggests finding a quiet place to sit. He says to then imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words, “May you be well, happy and at peace.” After a few minutes, direct the words at yourself, “May I be well, happy and at peace.” ___25___ Replace the “I” with the name of a teacher or coach, then a family member or friend, then an acquaintance, and finally an unfriendly person in your life. End the meditation by spreading the blessing to all living beings. Indeed, we should find our own way toward LKM — but only if we are prepared to access its benefits and extend them to anyone who may need them. A. The good news is that it isn’t lost. B. Luckily, we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance. C. At work, we’ve had to face the added pressure these demanding jobs create. D. Then, extend the blessing to other people, in order of decreasing fondness. E. For that reason, we could all benefit from love’s warm and comforting blessing. F. You can combine the words with breathing, repeating a phrase of love for yourself. G. Outside, we’ve encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking loudly on the subway. 【答案】21. G 22. A 23. B 24. E 25. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是仁爱冥想。 【21题详解】 空格前说“Sometimes in our life we face this problem: loved ones as well as strangers annoying us. At home, we’ve had to put up with children screaming during online meetings, and family members on the computer all the time.(有时在我们的生活中，我们会遇到这样的问题：所爱的人和陌生人让我们烦恼。在家里，我们不得不忍受孩子们在网上会议时的尖叫，家人一直在电脑前)”，G选项“Outside, we’ve encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking loudly on the subway.(在外面，我们遇到了在繁忙道路上超速行驶的司机和在地铁上大声说话的乘客)”中的“Outside”和前面的“At home”形成对比，“drivers”和“passengers”指的是前面的“strangers”，因此G选项承接上文，符合语境，故选G。 【22题详解】 空格前说“Kindness seems like a distant memory. The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever.(善良似乎是遥远的记忆。与烦人的室友或邻居和平相处的能力似乎比以往任何时候都要困难)”，空格后说“If we take kindness as a skill, making it a daily practice, it will come easier over time.(如果我们把善良当作一种技能，让它成为日常练习，随着时间的推移，它会变得更容易)”可知，善良并没有消失，A选项“The good news is that it isn’t lost.(好消息是它没有丢失)”正好说明了这一点，因此A选项承上启下，符合语境，故选A。 【23题详解】 空格后说“Loving Kindness Meditation (默想) (LKM), which dates back to the time of its roots to early Buddhism, helps us find sympathy for one another even during trying times.(仁爱冥想（LKM）的起源可以追溯到早期的佛教，它帮助我们在困难时期找到彼此的同情)”可知，这是一种古老的做法，B选项“Luckily, we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance.(幸运的是，我们可以从古代的训练中寻求指导)”指出这是古老的方法，因此B选项引起下文，符合语境，故选B。 【24题详解】 空格前“LKM helps us recognize we are all weak and have been hurt.(默想可以帮助我们认识到我们所有人都是脆弱的，并且我们是被伤害过的)”和“imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words, “May you be well, happy and at peace.”(想象一个最受喜爱的家庭成员或者朋友给你发送信息“你要身体健康，开心和平静”)”结合两处可知。因为脆弱，更希望体会到温暖。选项E中，that代词可以明确指代前文提到的“we are all weak and have been hurt.”这个原因，“we could all benefit from love’s warm and comforting blessing.”我们所有人都可以更好的体会爱的温暖为下文如何做，做了铺垫。故选E。 25题详解】 空格后说“Replace the “I” with the name of a teacher or coach, then a family member or friend, then an acquaintance, and finally an unfriendly person in your life.(把“我”的名字换成老师或教练，然后是家人或朋友，然后是熟人，最后是你生活中不友好的人)”，因此此处有一个顺序，即越来越不喜欢。D选项“Then, extend the blessing to other people, in order of decreasing fondness.(然后，按照喜爱程度减少的顺序，将祝福传递给他人)”，因此D选项承上启下，符合语境，故选D。 第三部分：书面表达（共四节，55分） 第一节：阅读表达（共3小题9分；第26、27题各2分，第28题5分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 You might not have heard of the “fresh start effect”, but if you’ve ever made a New Year’s resolution (决心), you’re familiar with it. It refers to the human tendency to take action towards achieving a goal after a special occasion or key date has passed. The fresh start effect is simple. Most people want to improve themselves in some way. When we hit important milestones (里程碑), we’re often likely to reflect: was this year a successful year, or did we waste it? Annual landmarks like birthdays, or the start of a new year, signify a new time period and an opportunity to leave mistakes behind and to set new goals for better behavior. Research shows that expectation of a new beginning is a key motivator for the fresh start effect. For example, people aged 29,39,49 etc. were 48% more likely to run a marathon for the first time. When they were approaching a new decade, they were more likely to search for meaning in their lives and try to improve themselves. The reason is simple. When we see our past self as separate from our current self, we feel it easier to introduce new goals and take action. What’s interesting about the fresh start effect is that we don’t need to wait for big milestones to take advantage of this sudden motivation (动力). Studies show that the first day of each month and even each week can also inspire us. These days, known as “temporal landmarks”, encourage us to step back and think about our current situation. And when we do this, we gain the motivation to be better: we become more driven and more productive. That is why people are more likely to start diets or exercise plans on Monday, rather than the next day. Fresh starts are exciting opportunities to learn from your mistakes and move forward. So, if you’re currently experiencing loss of motivation, questioning the meaning of your work, or just feel like you’re stuck in a rut (一成不变的生活), why don’t you use the fresh start effect in your own life? 26. According to the passage, what is “fresh start effect”? ________________________________________________________________ 27. Why is expectation of a new beginning a key motivator for the fresh start effect? ________________________________________________________________ 28. Besides the fresh start effect, in what other way(s) do you motivate yourself in your life? (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】26. It refers to the human tendency to take action towards achieving a goal after a special occasion or key date has passed. 27. Because when people see their past self as separate from their current self, they feel it easier to introduce new goals and take action. 28. To motivate myself, I set achievable daily goals and reward myself when accomplished. Regular self-reflection also helps me stay motivated by understanding my progress and areas for improvement. Additionally, surrounding myself with supportive people who encourage and inspire me plays a significant role in maintaining motivation. 【解析】 【导语】本文属于说明文，主要介绍了“新起点效应”的概念、背后的心理动机以及其在个人提升中的应用。 【26题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第一段“You might not have heard of the “fresh start effect”, but if you’ve ever made a New Year’s resolution (决心), you’re familiar with it. It refers to the human tendency to take action towards achieving a goal after a special occasion or key date has passed. (你可能没有听说过“新起点效应”，但如果你曾经制定过新年计划，你一定很熟悉它。它指的是在一个特殊的场合或关键的日期过去后，人类为实现目标而采取行动的倾向。)”可知，“新起点效应”指的是人们在特殊场合或关键日期过后采取行动以实现目标的倾向。故答案为：It refers to the human tendency to take action towards achieving a goal after a special occasion or key date has passed. 【27题详解】 考查细节理解。由第三段“Research shows that expectation of a new beginning is a key motivator for the fresh start effect. For example, people aged 29,39,49 etc. were 48% more likely to run a marathon for the first time. When they were approaching a new decade, they were more likely to search for meaning in their lives and try to improve themselves. The reason is simple. When we see our past self as separate from our current self, we feel it easier to introduce new goals and take action. (研究表明，对新开始期待是新起点效应的关键动力。例如，29岁、39岁、49岁等年龄段的人第一次跑马拉松的可能性要高出48%。当他们接近新的十年时，他们更有可能寻找生活的意义，并试图提高自己。原因很简单。当我们把过去的自己和现在的自己分开时，我们会觉得设定新的目标和采取行动更容易。)”可知，对新开始的期待是“新起点效应”的关键动机，因为当我们把过去的自己看作与现在的自己分离时，我们会觉得引入新目标并采取行动更容易。故答案为：Because when people see their past self as separate from their current self, they feel it easier to introduce new goals and take action. 【28题详解】 考查语言表达。为了激励自己，我设定可实现的每日目标，并在完成时奖励自己。定期的自我反思也有助于我通过了解自己的进步和需要改进的地方来保持动力。此外，周围有鼓励和激励我的支持性人群在保持动力方面起着重要作用。故答案为：To motivate myself, I set achievable daily goals and reward myself when accomplished. Regular self-reflection also helps me stay motivated by understanding my progress and areas for improvement. Additionally, surrounding myself with supportive people who encourage and inspire me plays a significant role in maintaining motivation. 第二节（共16题；每小题1分，满分16分） 根据上下文语境，选用方框中单词或词组的正确形式填空，有一个多余的选项。 major, grateful, respond, feature, affect, reflect, reject, complain, in memory of As a five-year-old girl, Lin Qiaozhi ___29___ by her mother’s death. At age 18, instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the ___30___ of girls, she chose to study medicine. “Why should girls learn so much? Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother ___31___, thinking of the high tuition fees. She ___32___, “I’d rather stay single to study all my life!” Some festivals have religious origins ___33___ famous figures; some are agricultural festivals to show ___34___ for harvesting crops; some are festivals ___35___ traditions, in which customs still play a significant role; while in others, traditions have faded away and they seem not ___36___ people’s beliefs or faiths. 【答案】29. was affected 30. majority 31. complained 32. responded 33. in memory of 34. gratitude 35. featuring 36. to reflect 【解析】 【导语】本文是两段独立的文本。第一篇是记叙文，讲述了林巧稚的成长经历和人生选择；第二篇是说明文，概述了不同类型节日的起源和特点。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：作为一个五岁的女孩，林巧稚深受母亲去世的影响。结合常识和句中“her mother’s death”可知，林巧稚深受母亲去世的影响，用动词affect(影响)作谓语，与主语Lin Qiaozhi之间是被动关系，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态，又因主语是专有名词，谓语用单数形式。故填was affected。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：18岁时，她没有像大多数女孩一样走传统的婚姻道路，而是选择了学医。根据句意，表示“大多数”，用major的同根名词majority；the majority of“……的大多数”。故填majority。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：“为什么女孩要学这么多？找到一个好丈夫应该是她们的最终目标!”一想到高昂的学费，她哥哥抱怨道。根据“thinking of the high tuition fees”可知，她哥哥抱怨学费，用动词complain，用谓语，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态。故填complained。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：她回答说：“我宁愿一辈子单身学习!”根据“I’d rather stay single to study all my life!”可知，这是林巧稚给她哥哥的回答，用动词respond作谓语，意为“回答，回应”，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态。故填responded。 【33题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：有些节日有宗教渊源，是为了纪念著名人物。根据句意，表示“为纪念……”，用介词介词in memory of。故填in memory of。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：有些是农业节日，以表达对收获庄稼的感激之情。根据“for harvesting crops”可知，农业节日是为了表达对收获的感激，用grateful的同根名词gratitude作宾语，意为“感激”。故填gratitude。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：有些节日具有传统特色，在这些节日中，习俗仍然起着重要的作用。根据句意，表示“以……为特色”，用动词feature，作后置定语，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语festivals之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式表主动。故填featuring。 【36题详解】 考查动词。句意：而在其他国家，传统已经消失，它们似乎不能反映人们的信仰或信仰。根据“traditions have faded away”可推知，传统已经消失，不再反映人们的信仰或信念，用动词reflect；seem (not) to do是固定搭配，用不定式作表语。故填to reflect。 根据上下文语境，选用方框中单词或词组的正确形式填空，有一个多余的选项。 mission, minority, explore, orbit, define, seek one’s fortune, astronaut, finance, carry on Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. All the ___37___ on the Soyuz 11, Challenger, and Columbia spacecraft died during their ___38___. However, while these disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire ___39___ the universe did not die. This is because people believe in the importance of ___40___ space exploration despite the huge risks. I went to Dali, Yunnan Province, which is a district of diverse ___41___ and has a mild climate. It would be a ___42___ super experience. At first, I thought there would be a large percentage of constructions made of primitive materials due to ___43___ difficulty. However, it turned out that the downtown area contained neat bars in which jazz was played. Many people are immigrants from other places. Some come ___44___ or (to) earn a living while others settle down to escape from the cold north of China. 【答案】37. astronauts 38. missions 39. to explore 40. carrying on 41. minorities 42. definitely 43. financial 44. to seek their fortune 【解析】 【导语】本文是两段独立的文本。第一段是说明文，介绍了尽管科学家努力确保航天任务的安全，但事故仍可能发生，然而人们对探索宇宙的渴望并未因此消失。第二段是记叙文，作者讲述了自己去云南大理的旅行，提到了当地多样化的民族和温和的气候，并表达了对这次旅行的期待。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：联盟11号、挑战者号和哥伦比亚号宇宙飞船上的所有宇航员都在执行任务期间死亡。根据“on the Soyuz 11, Challenger, and Columbia spacecrafts”可知，句中指的是这些航天器上的飞行员，用可数名词astronaut，作主语，结合限定词All可知，用复数形式。故填astronauts。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：联盟11号、挑战者号和哥伦比亚号宇宙飞船上的所有宇航员都在执行任务期间死亡。根据句意，表示“任务”，用可数名词mission，作宾语，根据上文“the Soyuz 11, Challenger, and Columbia spacecrafts”可知，句中指多项任务，用复数形式。故填missions。 【39题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，尽管这些灾难带来了许多悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的愿望并没有消失。根据句意和“the universe”可推知，探索宇宙的愿望不会消失，用动词explore，在名词 desire后用不定式形式to explore作后置定语。故填to explore。 【40题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：这是因为人们相信尽管有巨大的风险，但继续太空探索很重要。根据句意，表示“继续做，从事”，用动词短语carry on，在介词后用动名词作宾语。故填carrying on。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：我去了云南大理，那是一个多民族聚居的地区，气候温和。结合常识和上文“Dali, Yunnan Province”可推知，大理是一个很多少数民族聚居的地区，用可数名词minority(少数民族)，作宾语，结合定语diverse(不同的)可知，用复数形式。故填minorities。 【42题详解】 考查副词。句意：这绝对是一次超级体验。根据句意，表示“绝对”，用define的同根副词definitely修饰形容词super，作状语。故填definitely。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：起初，我认为由于经济困难，会有很大比例的建筑是用原始材料建造的。根据下文“a large percentage of constructions made of primitive materials”可推知，我认为这一地区贫穷落后，经济困难，用finance的同根形容词financial作定语，意为“财政的；财务的”。故填financial。 【44题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：一些人来这里是为了发财或谋生，而另一些人则是为了逃离中国寒冷的北方而定居下来。根据句意，表示“发财”，用动词短语seek one’s fortune，结合主语Some，用形容词性物主代词their作定语；用不定式形式to seek their fortune作目的状语。故填to seek their fortune。 第三节：请将下面的中文句子翻译成英文，翻译时须运用括号内所给的词汇或语法。（共10题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 45. 每年中国人花好几天庆祝春节。(celebrate) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Chinese people spend several days celebrating the Spring Festival every year. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态、固定短语。中国人译为Chinese people，句子描述习俗习惯，用一般现在时，表示“花费……做某事”可以用spend… doing，表示“好几天”用several days，表示“庆祝”用celebrate，“春节”译为the Spring Festival，表示“每年”用every year。故翻译为Chinese people spend several days celebrating the Spring Festival every year. 46. 刚才我想出了一个好办法。（occur）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Just now, a good idea occurred to me. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。表示“刚才”短语为just now；主语“一个好办法”为 a good idea；表示“某人想起”短语为occur to sb.。发生在过去为一般过去时。故翻译为Just now, a good idea occurred to me. 47. 近些年来，因特网使得我们的生活更方便。（convenient）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In recent years, the Internet has made our life more convenient. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、固定短语、形容词。表示“近些年来”用固定短语in recent years，作时间状语，in位于句首，首字母大写。表示“因特网”用the Internet，作主语。表示“使得”用make，根据时间状语In recent years可知，make这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has。表示“我们的生活”用our life，作has made的宾语。表示“方便”用convenient，用convenient的比较级表示“更方便”，作宾补。故翻译为In recent years, the Internet has made our life more convenient. 48. 这个小镇被很多树木和群山包围。（surround）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The town is surrounded by many trees and mountains. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词语态、名词。表示“小镇”用town；此处为特指，town前加the，位于句首，首字母大写；The town作主语。表示“包围”用动词surround，本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，与主语为被动关系，句子用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is；被动句中用by引出发出动作者。表示“很多”用many；表示“树木”用名词tree；表示“山”用mountain；结合“很多”可知，tree和mountain均用复数形式，作by的宾语。故翻译为The town is surrounded by many trees and mountains. 49. 想象一下有机会去太空旅行。(opportunity) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Imagine having the opportunity to travel to space. 【解析】 【详解】考查祈使句和非谓语动词。“想象一下”用动词imagine表示，用动词原形构成祈使句；“有”作宾语，用动词have，动词imagine后跟动名词作宾语，故用having；“机会去太空旅行”即“去太空旅行的机会”，用the opportunity to travel to space表示，其中不定式作后置定语。综上，全句译为：Imagine having the opportunity to travel to space. 50. 她鼓舞人心的演讲对我产生了很大影响。（impact）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Her inspiring speech had a great impact on me. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。根据所给中文提示词，“她鼓舞人心的演讲”为主语，译为“her inspiring speech”，“对...产生了很大影响”作谓语，根据题干要求，需用impact，所以此处用固定搭配：have a great impact on，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时，“我”作宾语。故译为：Her inspiring speech had a great impact on me. 51. 国庆节假期在10月1日来临，持续一周。（fall，非谓语动词做状语）(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The National Day holiday falls on October 1st, lasting for a week. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。表示“国庆节假期”应用The National Day holiday，作主语；表示“在10月1日来临”翻译为fall on October 1st；表示“持续”应用现在分词作状语，表示“持续一周”翻译为lasting for a week。为一般现在时。故翻译为The National Day holiday falls on October 1st, lasting for a week. 52. 我看到很多人穿着华丽的衣服。（wear，非谓语动词做宾语补足语）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I saw a lot of people wearing fancy clothes. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。陈述过去的事实，为一般过去时。看到某人正在做某事为“see sb doing sth”现在分词作宾语补足语。华丽的衣服为fancy clothes。故翻译为I saw a lot of people wearing fancy clothes. 53. 前进的唯一办法是摆脱过去。（break，非谓语动词做定语和表语）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The only way to move forward is to break away from the past. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语、不定式作后置定语和表语。表示“……的唯一办法”应用短语the only way to do sth，不定式作后置定语；表示“前进”应用动词短语move forward，此处应用不定式形式作后置定语，修饰way；表示“摆脱过去”应用动词短语break away from the past，由句意此处表示一次性，具体性的动作，应用不定式作表语。句子陈述事实，用一般现在时，“是”用is。故翻译为The only way to move forward is to break away from the past. 54. 受到这些伟大成就的鼓舞，他为自己的国家感到骄傲。（inspire,非谓语动词做状语）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Inspired by these great achievements, he felt proud of his country. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词、名词以及固定短语。根据句意本句应使用一般过去时。根据题目要求“inspire,非谓语动词做状语”，可以把句子写成使用inspire的适当形式充当状语和主系表结构。“受到……的鼓舞”应使用动词inspire，和主语he是逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词inspired，“伟大成就”用名词短语great achievement，是泛指，应使用复数形式great achievements，所以，状语部分可以写成inspired by these great achievements；“他为自己的国家感到骄傲”写成主系表结构，“为……感到骄傲”使用固定短语feel proud of，可以翻译成he felt proud of his country。故整句翻译为Inspired by these great achievements, he felt proud of his country. 第四节：作文（15分）（内容6分，语言6分，结构3分） 55. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你在端午节期间到我国南方游览。你的美国笔友Jim对此很感兴趣，请你根据他的邮件给他回信。 Dear Li Hua, How is everything going? I have heard that you went to the southern part of China during the Dragon Boat Festival and took part in various kinds of celebrations there. You know I am a big fan of traditional Chinese culture, so could you please write to me and tell me about your festival experience and your feelings about it? Looking forward to your early reply! Yours, Jim 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I hope this message finds you well. It was indeed a pleasure to visit the southern part of China during the Dragon Boat Festival. The festival was filled with vibrant celebrations and rich cultural traditions. I witnessed dragon boat races, where teams paddled fiercely against each other, cheered on by enthusiastic spectators. The atmosphere was electric, and I felt a sense of unity and pride in our culture. I also tried traditional food like zongzi, which was delicious. It was a wonderful experience to be a part of such a significant holiday, which represents the story of Qu Yuan and his patriotism. Overall, I felt a deep sense of respect and admiration for the rich history and traditions of China. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给美国笔友Jim回信，介绍在南方游览的端午节活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 的确：indeed→exactly 令人激动：electric→thrilling 充满：be filled with→be full of 美味的：delicious→tasty 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：It was indeed a pleasure to visit the southern part of China during the Dragon Boat Festival. The festival was filled with vibrant celebrations and rich cultural traditions. 拓展句：It was indeed a pleasure to visit the southern part of China during the Dragon Boat Festival because the festival was filled with vibrant celebrations and rich cultural traditions. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I witnessed dragon boat races, where teams paddled fiercely against each other, cheered on by enthusiastic spectators.  (运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句和过去分词作状语) [高分句型2] I also tried traditional food like zongzi, which was delicious. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$