精品解析：河南省商丘地区重点高中联考2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题

绝密★启用前 2023-2024学年河南省商丘地区重点高中联考高二下学期期末考试 英语试卷 考试时间：120分钟 注意事项: 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第I卷(选择题) 一、阅读理解：本大题共16小题，共38分。 A Lately, an 86.6-metre-tall mass-timber (拼接木材) tower in Milwaukee, Wisconsin designed by Korb+Associates Architects, has been certified as the world’s tallest timber building. Located in a neighbourhood near the lakefront, the 25-storey tower is made almost entirely from timber except for the base, elevators and stair shafts (竖井). The structure took only two years to build. It has a concrete-framed podium (基座) at the base that is six storeys tall and the 19-storey timber tower rises from the podium. The core containing the elevator shaft and staircase is made of concrete to help the building deal with wind and earthquakes, as well as for fire safety reasons. “Our cores are concrete,” Korb+Associates Architects founder Jason Korb said. Thornton Tomasetti associate Alejandro Fernandez, who worked on the project, said that the city required a three-hour fire rating for the columns, so the team worked with the Forest Products Laboratory to optimize the columns to meet this standard. “We think it was the first three-hour fire testing on columns,” said Fernandez, adding that the floor plates had a two-hour rating, meaning the components can burn for two hours without losing structural integrity. Because of requirements preventing external wood exposure and the developer’s desire to capture the lake views, the outside of the structure is made almost entirely of glass and metal panelling. Both Korb and Fernandez agreed that many of the drivers behind the project were economic—from the real estate perspective of the façade (建筑物正面) to the cost restrictions of the timber. Much of the wood was sourced from Austria because sourcing high-quality supplies from North American manufacturers would have been too expensive. Economic benefits were increased by labour usage of the project. Korb estimated that the project used about 25 per cent of the onsite labour required for a concrete structure and that it was completed in about half the time. Both Fernandez and Korb believe that the tower will provide further proof of concept for developers who are looking to create innovative structures from timber. And mid-rise developments like these that “attract people to the urban core” are a “good” thing, Korb added. 1. What can we know about the building? A. It is about 19-storey tall. B. Its cores are made of timber. C. It is the tallest building in the world. D. It can stand three-hour fire testing on columns. 2. Where is the wood used for construction from? A. Austria. B. North America. C. The Wisconsin state. D. The Forest Products Laboratory. 3. What does Korb think of the project? A. It is time-saving. B. It is difficult and costly. C. It is environment-friendly. D. It is energy-consuming. 4. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. More developers will choose timber to build tall buildings. B. The timber tower is a good example of innovative structure. C. Mid-rise developments will become more and more popular. D. Innovative structures from timber will need more improvements. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了近年来欧美国家出现了一些用拼接木材建造的高楼，其中一栋去年完工的大楼是目前全世界最高的木制建筑。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“so the team worked with the Forest Products Laboratory to optimize the columns to meet this standard. “We think it was the first three-hour fire testing on columns,” said Fernandez”（因此该团队与森林产品实验室合作，优化这些柱子，以满足这一标准。费尔南德斯说：“我们认为这是对柱子进行的第一次三小时的防火测试。”）可知，关于这栋楼我们知道它的柱子可以经受三个小时的防火测试。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Much of the wood was sourced from Austria because sourcing high-quality supplies from North American manufacturers would have been too expensive.”（大部分木材来自奥地利，因为从北美制造商那里采购高质量的木材成本太高。）可知，建筑用的木材来自奥地利。故选A项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Korb estimated that the project used about 25 per cent of the onsite labour required for a concrete structure and that it was completed in about half the time.”（Korb估计，该项目使用了混凝土结构所需的25%的现场劳动力，并在大约一半的时间内完成。）可推知，Korb认为这个项目很省时。故选A项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Both Fernandez and Korb believe that the tower will provide further proof of concept for developers who are looking to create innovative structures from timber.”（Fernandez和Korb都认为，这座塔将为那些寻求用木材创造创新结构的开发商提供进一步的概念证明。）可推知，木塔是创新结构的一个很好的例子。故选B项。 B Cyberspace (网络空间) is constantly developing and presenting new opportunities, as the desire of businesses to quickly adopt new technologies, such as using the Internet to open new channels and adopting cloud services, provides vast opportunity. But, it also brings unexpected risks and unintended consequences that can have a potentially negative effect. Hardly a day goes by without news of a new cyber threat. Unfortunately, businesses tend to misjudge how much risk they face from cyber crimes and how quickly this risk can develop. For them, the commercial, reputational and financial risks that go with cyberspace presence are real and growing every day. So all businesses need to do now is establish cyber security within their organization, right? Establishing cyber security alone is not enough. Nowadays, it is not very difficult for attackers to break security and stop the overall business system. Preventive measures are not enough to stop them. With the advancement of technology, hackers (黑客) have been changing and developing. So business risk management should include risk resilience (复原力) so that businesses can respond to any damaging cyberspace activity. Cyber resilience helps businesses successfully recover to their pre-attack business processes and business operations. Building cyber resilience is not easy. A key finding of an authentic cyber-resilience report is that no organization can respond effectively on its own to the threats from cyberspace. Organisations must work together to share intelligence and resources. In this way the quality, usability and authenticity of intelligence will be greatly improved. 5. What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To make the development of cyberspace known. B. To show the great contributions from business. C. To make the technologies adopted by businesses attractive. D. To make the topic appealing. 6. From the author’s perspective, businesses are ________. A. lacking in awareness of cyber safety B. financially abundant C. managed successfully D. developed in judgment 7. Cyber resilience is currently necessary for the reason that ________. A. it can prevent attacks B. threats are always transforming C. cyber security doesn’t work now D. it keeps all the hackers off the internet 8. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Effective resilience can be built by an organization alone. B. Joint efforts are required in the formation of true resilience. C. A great amount of difficulty prevented building resilience. D. The cyberspace threat is nothing when cooperation is used. 【答案】5. D 6. A 7. B 8. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。网络的迅速发展带来了机遇的同时也带来了意想不到的风险和可能产生潜在负面影响的意想不到的后果。作者认为所有企业现在需要做的就是联合起来在他们的组织内建立网络安全。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“But, it also brings unexpected risks and unintended consequences that can have a potentially negative effect.(但是，它也带来了意想不到的风险和意想不到的后果，可能会产生潜在的负面影响。)”可知，第一段是为了使话题具有吸引力。故选D。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Unfortunately, businesses tend to misjudge how much risk they face from cyber crimes and how quickly this risk can develop.(不幸的是，企业往往会错误判断他们面临的网络犯罪风险有多大，以及这种风险发展的速度有多快。)”可知，在作者看来，企业缺乏网络安全意识，故选A。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段的“With the advancement of technology, hackers (黑客) have been changing and developing. So business risk management should include risk resilience (复原力) so that businesses can respond to any damaging cyberspace activity.(随着技术的进步，黑客一直在变化和发展。因此，企业风险管理应该包括风险恢复能力，以便企业能够应对任何破坏性的网络活动。)”可知，因为威胁一直在变化，所以现在网络复原力是必要的。故选B。 【8题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“Organisations must work together to share intelligence and resources. In this way the quality, usability and authenticity of intelligence will be greatly improved.(各组织必须合作共享情报和资源。这样，智能的质量、可用性和真实性将大大提高。)”可知，最后一段主要是讲真正的恢复能力需要组织的共同努力。故选B。 C The plastic value chain faces two key challenges: controlling plastic waste and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The chemical industry has a unique role to play in addressing these challenges. Cooperation between upstream and downstream partners is essential to develop solutions that reduce plastic pollution and emissions in plastic production. SABIC(Saudi Basic Industries Corporation)is at the forefront of these efforts. SABIC has set specific goals, including a commitment to achieve icarbon neutrality(碳中 和) by 2050. To realize this goal, the company has outlined a Carbon Neutrality Roadmap that focuses on five pathways: energy efficiency; renewable energy; electrification; carbon capture, usage and storage(CCUS); and green/blue hydrogen. Recognizing the scale of the challenges, SABIC understands that progress cannot be made alone. The company actively cooperates through initiatives, such as the Low — Carbon Emitting Technologies(LCET) initiative, where chemical companies work together to accelerate the development of technology solutions for carbon neutrality. Partnerships are also vital in addressing plastic waste. SABIC is a founding member of the Alliance(联盟) to End Plastic Waste, an organization that brings stakeholders(利益相关者) from across the value chain together to take collective action on the ground. The alliance works towards a future where plastic products never end up in landfills or oceans, but instead are reused or transformed into new products. SABIC is also actively involved in driving the transition from a linear to a circular carbon economy. As responsible plastic producers, SABIC recognizes the importance of offering sustainable materials to customers. Although the chemical industry has made significant progress, there is still more work to do to achieve the goals. SABIC is already making progress on the complex, long—term effort required and will continue to partner with others to increase the solutions needed to push meaningful change. 9. What kind of difficulty is the plastic value chain faced with? A. Exploring renewable energy. B. Reducing plastic production. C. Decreasing plastic pollution. D. Achieving carbon neutrality. 10. What is vital for chemical companies according to paragraph 3 and paragraph 4? A. Technology development. B. Partners’ cooperation. C. Carbon neutrality. D. Sustainable development. 11. Which best describes SABIC’s efforts? A. Fruitless B. Predictable. C. Frustrating. D. Rewarding. 12. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A SABIC: A leader mapping the path forward. B. SABIC: A leader solving the plastic pollution. C. SABIC: A leader reducing greenhouse gas emission. D. SABIC:A leader founding the plastic value chain. 【答案】9. C 10. B 11. D 12. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了料价值链面临的两个挑战，以及沙特基础工业公司所做的努力和结果。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第一段中“The plastic value chain faces two key challenges: controlling plastic waste and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.(塑料价值链面临两个关键挑战：控制塑料废物和减少温室气体排放)”可知，塑料价值链面临的挑战之一就是减少塑料污染。故选C。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Recognizing the scale of the challenges, SABIC understands that progress cannot be made alone. (认识到挑战的规模，沙特基础工业公司明白，进展不可能单独取得)”以及第四段中“Partnerships are also vital in addressing plastic waste. (伙伴关系在处理塑料废物方面也至关重要)”可知，合作伙伴的合作对化工公司解决问题至关重要。故选B。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Although the chemical industry has made significant progress, there is still more work to do to achieve the goals. SABIC is already making progress on the complex, long—term effort required and will continue to partner with others to increase the solutions needed to push meaningful change.(尽管化学工业取得了重大进展，但要实现这些目标，还有更多的工作要做。沙特基础工业公司已经在复杂的长期努力中取得了进展，并将继续与其他公司合作，增加推动有意义变革所需的解决方案)”可知， SABIC的努力没有付诸流水，是有成效和意义的。故选D。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。由文章第一段“The plastic value chain faces two key challenges: controlling plastic waste and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The chemical industry has a unique role to play in addressing these challenges. Cooperation between upstream and downstream partners is essential to develop solutions that reduce plastic pollution and emissions in plastic production. SABIC(Saudi Basic Industries Corporation)is at the forefront of these efforts.(塑料价值链面临两个关键挑战：控制塑料废物和减少温室气体排放。化学工业在应对这些挑战方面发挥着独特的作用。上游和下游伙伴之间的合作对于制定减少塑料生产中的塑料污染和排放的解决方案至关重要。沙特基础工业公司(SABIC)站在这些努力的最前沿。)”和下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了料价值链面临的两个挑战，以及沙特基础工业公司所做的努力和结果。因此A项“沙特基础工业公司：一个规划未来道路的领导者”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。 D One recent report found that adults in the US check their phones, on average, 344 times a day — once every four minutes — and spend almost three hours a day on their devices in total. The problem for many of us is that one quick phone-related task leads to a quick check of our email or social media feeds, and suddenly we’ve been sucked into endless scrolling (滚屏). It’s a vicious circle. The more useful our phones become, the more we use them. The more we use them, the more we lay neural pathways in our brains that lead to picking up our phones for whatever task is at hand — and the more we feel an urge to check our phone even when we don’t have to. What we do know is that the simple distraction of checking a phone or seeing a notification can have negative consequences. This isn’t very surprising; we know that, in general, multitasking harms memory and performance. One of the most dangerous examples is phone use while driving. In another recent study, researchers asked participants to either put their phones next to them so they were visible (like on a desk), nearby and out of sight (like in a bag or pocket), or in another room. Participants then completed a series of tasks to test their abilities to process and remember information, their problem-solving, and their focus. They were found to perform far better when their phones were in another room instead of nearby — whether visible, powered on or not. That held true even though most of the participants claimed not to be consciously (有意识地) thinking about their devices. The mere proximity (靠近) of a phone, it seems, contributes to “brain drain”. Our brains may be subconsciously hard at work in controlling the desire to check our phones, or constantly monitoring the environment to see if we should check our phone (eg, waiting for a notification). Either way, this diverted attention can make doing anything else more difficult. The only “fix”, the researchers found, was putting the device in a different room entirely. 13. How does the author bring up the topic of the text? A. By offering a piece of news. B. By sharing a magazine article. C. By describing his own experience. D. By citing previous research findings. 14. What does the underlined word “vicious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Full. B. Magic. C. Tight. D. Bad. 15. What does the author advise us to do to avoid mobile phone distraction? A. Never wait for a notification. B. Use our phone as little as possible. C. Stay away from our phone when doing things. D Focus on one thing when finishing difficult things. 16. What’s the best title for the text? A. The Pros and Cons of Using Mobile Phones B. How Have Mobile Phones Changed Our Brains Negatively? C. The Consequences of Using Mobile Phones D. Do You Want to Control the Desire to Check Your Mobile Phones? 【答案】13. D 14. D 15. C 16. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们在手机上耗费了大量的时间，频繁查看手机。手机的使用对大脑产生负面影响。要避免手机分散自己的注意力，唯一的方法是彻底远离手机。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“One recent report found that adults in the US check their phones, on average, 344 times a day — once every four minutes — and spend almost three hours a day on their devices in total.”（最近的一份报告发现，美国成年人平均每天查看手机344次——每4分钟一次——每天总共花在手机上的时间接近3个小时。）可推知，作者通过引用之前的研究结果来提出文章的主题。故选D项。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The more useful our phones become, the more we use them. The more we use them, the more we lay neural pathways in our brains that lead to picking up our phones for whatever task is at hand — and the more we feel an urge to check our phone even when we don’t have to.”（我们的手机越有用，我们使用它们的次数就越多。我们使用它们的次数越多，大脑中的神经通路就越多，这些神经通路会导致我们不管手头上有什么事要处理，都会拿起手机，并且我们也会更想看手机，即使没有必要。）故可猜测，频繁查看手机是一个不好的循环，划线单词vicious与选项D项Bad“糟糕的，坏的”意思一致。故选D项。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Either way, this diverted attention can make doing anything else more difficult. The only “fix”, the researchers found, was putting the device in a different room entirely.”（不管怎样，这种分散的注意力会让做其他事情变得更加困难。研究人员发现，唯一的“解决办法”就是把设备完全放在不同的房间里。）可推知，作者建议我们做事的时候远离手机来避免手机分心。故选C项。 【16题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“The mere proximity (靠近) of a phone, it seems, contributes to “brain drain”. Our brains may be subconsciously hard at work in controlling the desire to check our phones, or constantly monitoring the environment to see if we should check our phone (eg, waiting for a notification). Either way, this diverted attention can make doing anything else more difficult.”（仅仅是靠近手机似乎就会导致“脑力损耗”。我们的大脑可能在潜意识里努力抑制查看手机的欲望，或者始终留心着我们是否应该查看手机（比方说等待出现通知）。不管怎样，分心会让你做其他事情变得更困难。）可知，文章主要讲的是手机的使用对大脑产生负面影响。要避免手机分散自己的注意力，唯一的方法是彻底远离手机。故文章最好的标题是“手机如何给我们的大脑带来负面影响？”。故选B项。 二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。 Conflict is a normal part of any healthy relationship. ____17____ The key is not to fear or try to avoid conflict but to learn how, to solve it in a healthy way. When conflict is mismanaged, it can cause great harm to a relationship, but , when handled in a respectful, positive way, _____18_____ Whether you’re experiencing conflict, at home, work, or school, learning skills can help you resolve differences in a healthy way and build stronger, more rewarding relationships. _____19_____ It occurs whenever people disagree over their values, motivations, perceptions, ideas, or desires. Sometimes these differences appear trivial, but when a conflict triggers strong feelings, a deep personal need is often at the core of the problem. These needs can range from the need to feel safe and secure or respected and valued, to the need for greater closeness and intimacy. Think about the opposing needs of a toddler and a parent. The child’s need is to explore, so venturing to the street or the cliff edge meets that need. But the parent’s need is to protect the child’s safety, a heed that can only be met by limiting the toddler’s exploration. ____20____ The ability to successfully resolve conflict depends on your ability to: ___21___ By staying calm, you can accurately read and interpret verbal and nonverbal communication. Control your emotions and behavior. When you’re in control of your emotions, you can communicate your needs without threatening, intimidating, or punishing others. A. Since these needs are different, conflict arises. B. Conflict arises from differences, both large and small. C. Manage stress quickly while remaining alert and calm. D. Conflict triggers strong emotions and can lead to hurt feeling. E. Differing needs can result in broken deals, decreased profits and lost jobs. F. After all, two people can’t be expected to agree on everything all the time. G. Conflict provides an opportunity to strengthen the bond between two people. 【答案】17. F 18. G 19. B 20. A 21. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了冲突产生的原因以及应对方法。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Conflict is a normal part of any healthy relationship.(冲突是任何健康关系的正常组成部分)”以及后文“The key is not to fear or try to avoid conflict but to learn how, to solve it in a healthy way.(关键是不要害怕或试图避免冲突，而是要学会如何以一种健康的方式解决冲突)”可知，上文提到了冲突是任何健康关系的正常组成部分，本句说明原因：两个人不可能总是意见一致，才会引出下文讲其解决策略。故F选项“毕竟，不能指望两个人总是在所有事情上意见一致”符合语境，故选F。 【18题详解】 根据后文“Whether you’re experiencing conflict, at home, work, or school, learning skills can help you resolve differences in a healthy way and build stronger, more rewarding relationships.(无论你是在经历冲突，在家里、工作中还是在学校，学习技能都可以帮助你以健康的方式解决分歧，建立更牢固、更有益的关系)”可知，根据后文内容可知通过冲突可以建立更牢固、更有益的关系。故G选项“冲突提供了一个加强两个人之间联系的机会”符合语境，故选G。 【19题详解】 根据后文“It occurs whenever people disagree over their values, motivations, perceptions, ideas, or desires. Sometimes these differences appear trivial, but when a conflict triggers strong feelings, a deep personal need is often at the core of the problem. These needs can range from the need to feel safe and secure or respected and valued, to the need for greater closeness and intimacy.(当人们在价值观、动机、观念、想法或欲望上存在分歧时，就会发生这种情况。有时这些差异看起来微不足道，但当冲突引发强烈的情感时，深层的个人需求往往是问题的核心。这些需求的范围从需要感到安全、有保障或受到尊重和重视，到需要更亲密的关系)”可知，本段的主旨主要是说明冲突产生的原因，故B选项“冲突产生于大大小小的分歧”符合语境，故选B。 【20题详解】 根据上文“Think about the opposing needs of a toddler and a parent. The child’s need is to explore, so venturing to the street or the cliff edge meets that need. But the parent’s need is to protect the child’s safety, a heed that can only be met by limiting the toddler’s exploration.(想想一个蹒跚学步的孩子和一个父母相反的需求。孩子的需求是探索，所以冒险到街上或悬崖边缘满足这种需求。但是父母的需要是保护孩子的安全，这种需要只能通过限制孩子的探索来满足)”可知，上文提到了孩子和父母不同的需求，本句为本段最后一句，应说明其导致的结果：由于这些需求不同，就会产生冲突。故A选项“由于这些需求不同，就会产生冲突”符合语境，故选A。 【21题详解】 根据后文“By staying calm, you can accurately read and interpret verbal and nonverbal communication. Control your emotions and behavior. When you’re in control of your emotions, you can communicate your needs without threatening, intimidating, or punishing others.(通过保持冷静，你可以准确地阅读和解释口头和非口头交流。控制你的情绪和行为。当你能控制自己的情绪时，你可以在不威胁、恐吓或惩罚他人的情况下表达你的需求)”可知，本段的主旨是通过保持冷静来处理冲突，C选项中calm对应后文staying calm。故C选项“快速处理压力，同时保持警觉和冷静”符合语境，故选C。 三、完形填空：本大题共20小题，共30分。 Until recently in the developed world, most married couples adopted traditional roles, with the husband working outside the home and the wife taking care of the children and the house. Although many families still follow this___22___ , those roles have become less ___23___ . A number of factors have contributed to this change. ___24___, perhaps as a consequence of feminism (女权运动), people have begun to ___25___ that one’s ___26___ should not determine one’s role. As a ___27___, people feel they have “___28___” to decide what they want to do in life. It’s no longer ___29___ for men to want to be the primary caregiver or homemaker. Similarly, many women would ___30___ to enter the working world instead of staying at home. Moreover, a large number of women have ____31____ advanced academic professional training,____32____ them with a significant earning potential. On the other hand, factors other than personal choice have ____33____ to the fluidity (不稳定性) of gender roles. Life has become more expensive and it’s ____34____ for a family to exist on only one income, requiring married women to leave the home to ____35____ money to help support the family. ____36____ , the number of two-income households has____37____ rapidly. And despite the fact that women on average still earn ____38____ than men for the same job, their incomes have become an ____39____ component of survival and prosperity in today’s world. In similar fashion, a man’s decision to ____40____ at home may not be voluntary. In the event he has lost his job, his decision to stay at home might be one of ____41____, not choice. 22. A. tradition B. role C. rule D. truth 23. A. unstable B. changeable C. unchangeable D. loose 24. A. Whereas B. On the one hand C. While D. Nevertheless 25. A. believe B. choose C. trust D. decide 26. A. family B. income C. choice D. gender 27. A. result B. reason C. choice D. female 28. A. permit B. permission C. allowance D. licence 29. A. beneficial B. advantageous C. harmful D. shameful 30. A. refuse B. proceed C. prefer D. hate 31. A. missed B. learned C. achieved D. succeeded 32. A. giving B. offering C. affording D. providing 33. A. denied B. contributed C. corresponded D. donated 34. A. convenient B. difficult C. easy D. traditional 35. A. spend B. donate C. earn D. collect 36. A. Yet B. However C. Frequently D. Consequently 37 A. grown B. decreased C. enhanced D. reduced 38. A. little B. less C. much D. more 39. A. ordinary B. unlimited C. unnecessary D. essential 40. A. support B. leave C. stay D. survive 41. A. necessity B. opportunities C. decisions D. possibilities 【答案】22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. C 36. D 37. A 38. B 39. D 40. C 41. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了促成传统家庭角色发生转变的因素。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管许多家庭仍然遵循这一传统，但这些角色已经变得不那么不可改变了。A. tradition传统；B. role角色，规则；C. rule规则；D. truth真理，真相。根据上文“Until recently in the developed world, most married couples adopted traditional roles, with the husband working outside the home and the wife taking care of the children and the house.”可知，丈夫在外工作，妻子照顾孩子和家务是许多家庭遵循的传统。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. unstable不稳定的；B. changeable可改变的，易变的；C. unchangeable不可改变的；D. loose宽松的。根据下文“A number of factors have contributed to this change.”可知，这些角色不是一成不变的。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：一方面，也许是女权主义的结果。A. Whereas尽管，然而；B. On the one hand一方面；C. While 当……时候；D. Nevertheless然而，不过。根据“A number of factors have contributed to this change.”和“On the other hand”可知，此处为固定搭配On the one hand…，On the other hand…，表示“一方面……，另一方面……”故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们开始相信一个人的性别不应该决定一个人的角色。A. believe相信；B. choose选择；C. trust信任；D. decide决定。根据“perhaps as a consequence of feminism (女权运动)”可知，由于女权运动的兴起，人们开始相信性别不应该决定一个人的角色。故选A。 26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. family家庭；B. income收入；C. choice选择；D. gender性别。根据“with the husband working outside the home and the wife taking care of the children and the house.”可知，此处指一个人的性别不应该决定一个人的角色。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，人们觉得他们有“许可”来决定他们想在生活中做什么。A. result结果；B. reason原因；C. choice选择；D. female女性。根据上文“perhaps as a consequence of feminism (女权运动)”可知，女权运动的结果是人们觉得他们有“许可”来决定他们的角色。as a result为固定短语，表示“结果”。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. permit许可证；B. permission允许；C. allowance津贴；D. licence执照。根据“to decide what they want to do in life.”可知，人们自己许可自己在生活中想做的事情。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于男人来说，想要成为主要的照顾者或操持家务者不再是可耻的。A. beneficial有益的；B. advantageous有好处的；C. harmful有害的；D. shameful可耻的。根据“with the husband working outside the home”可知，传统观念认为男人要在外工作，因此在家操持家务被认为是可耻的。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同样，许多女性更愿意进入职场，而不是呆在家里。A. refuse拒绝；B. proceed继续做；C. prefer更喜欢；D. hate讨厌。根据“instead of staying at home.”可知，女性更喜欢进入职场。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，许多妇女获得了高级学术专业培训，使她们有很大的赚钱潜力。A. missed错过，失去；B. learned学习；C. achieved实现，获得；D. succeeded成功。根据“advanced academic professional training”可知，许多女性获得了高级学术专业培训。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. giving给；B. offering主动提出；C. affording付得起；D. providing提供。根据“a large number of women have ___10___ advanced academic professional training”可知，许多妇女获得了高级学术专业培训，这为她们提供了赚钱潜力。provide sb. with sth.为固定短语，意为“提供某物给某人”。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，个人选择以外的因素也促成了性别角色的流动性。A. denied否认，否定；B. contributed捐助，促成；C. corresponded符合，相一致；D. donated捐赠。根据“factors other than personal choice”可知，个人选择以外的因素也促成了性别角色的不稳定性。contribute to为固定短语，表示“促成，有利于”。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生活成本越来越高，一个家庭很难只靠一份收入来维持生活，这就要求已婚妇女离开家去挣钱养家。A. convenient方便的；B. difficult困难的；C. easy容易的；D. traditional传统的。根据“Life has become more expensive”可知，生活成本越来越高，一份收入很难支撑一个家庭。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. spend花费；B. donate捐赠；C. earn挣；D. collect收集。根据“help support the family.”可知，已婚妇女离开家去挣钱养家。故选C。 【36题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，双职工家庭的数量迅速增加。A. Yet还；B. However然而；C. Frequently频繁地；D. Consequently因此，结果。根据上文“Life has become more expensive and it’s ___13___ for a family to exist on only one income, requiring married women to leave the home to ___14___ money to help support the family.”可知，生活成本越来越高，一个家庭很难只靠一份收入来维持生活，这就要求已婚妇女离开家去挣钱养家，这导致了双职工家庭出现这一结果。故选D。 【37题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. grown生长，增加；B. decreased降低；C. enhanced增强；D. reduced减少。根据“it’s ___13___ for a family to exist on only one income, requiring married women to leave the home to ___14___ money to help support the family.”可知，女性出去工作导致双职工家庭数量不断增加。故选A。 【38题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管从事同样工作的女性平均收入仍低于男性，但她们的收入已成为当今世界生存和繁荣的重要组成部分。A. little少的；B. less更少的；C. much多的；D. more更多的。结合常识可知，从事同样工作的女性平均收入仍低于男性。故选B。 【39题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. ordinary普遍的；B. unlimited无限的；C. unnecessary没有必要的；D. essential必不可少的。根据“component of survival”可知，女性收入是获得生存必不可少的一部分。故选D。 【40题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同样，一个男人待在家里的决定可能也不是自愿的。A. support支持；B. leave离开；C. stay停留；D. survive幸存。根据下文“his decision to stay at home”可知，此处是信息词stay的词汇复现。故选C。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果他失业了，他留在家里的决定可能是迫不得已，而不是他的选择。A. necessity必要性；B. opportunities机会；C. decisions决定；D. possibilities可能性。根据“may not be voluntary”和“In the event he has lost his job”可知，有些男性可能是由于失业必须待在家里。故选A。 第II卷(非选择题) 四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Ryusei Ouchi takes a deep breath as he uses his cane (手杖) to feel out the edge of the three-metre-high ramp (斜坡), walks to the edge and then drops in. Like all skateboarders, the rush of air, the thrill of the ride, the sense of achievement in completing a trick are ____42____ drew the 19-year-old to the sport. Unlike other boarders, however, Ouchi is almost ____43____ (complete) blind. Ouchi was born with perfect vision but since being diagnosed (诊断) with ____44____ eye condition at the age of seven his sight has worsened to the point where he needs a cane to navigate his local skatepark in Tokorozawa, north of Tokyo. Dropping in off large ramps, riding rails and even performing handstand tricks, Ouchi has impressed the local skateboarding community and earned him a considerable following on social media. He is well aware ____45____ the dangers but says it comes with the territory. Ouchi ____46____ (start) skateboarding at 15 when his eyesight began to worsen faster. He realized he wanted to learn ____47____ it was too late. Skateboarding with friends gave Ouchi an outlet to express ____48____ (he) and he now heads to the skatepark several ____49____ (time) a week. It took him a while ____50____ (become) fully accustomed to the layout, he said, but now he has a good mental picture of his surroundings, ____51____ (free) him up to perform more tricks. 【答案】42. what 43. completely 44. an 45. of 46. started 47. before 48. himself 49. times 50. to become 51. freeing 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了盲人滑板运动员Ryusei Ouchi的故事。 【42题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：和所有滑板运动员一样，空气的冲击力、骑行的刺激感和完成技巧的成就感吸引了这位19岁的年轻人参加这项运动。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“……的事物”，应用what引导从句。故填what。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，与其他滑板运动员不同的是，Ouchi几乎完全失明。空处修饰形容词blind，应用副词形式作状语，completely是副词，表示“完全地”，符合题意。故填completely。 【44题详解】 考查冠词。句意：Ouchi出生时视力很好，但自从七岁时被诊断出患有眼部疾病以来，他的视力已经恶化到需要拐杖才能在东京北部所泽市当地的滑板场上行走。结合语意可知，此处表示“一种眼部疾病”，空处应用不定冠词表示泛指“一个”，eye是元音音素开头的单词，前边应用不定冠词an。故填an。 【45题详解】 考查介词。句意：他很清楚这些危险，但他说这是难免的事。be aware of为固定搭配，表示“意识到”，符合题意，所以空处应用介词of。故填of。 【46题详解】 考查时态。句意：Ouchi15岁开始玩滑板，当时他的视力开始恶化得更快。根据时间状语at 15可知，句子描述过去的一般情况，应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式started。故填started。 【47题详解】 考查连词。句意：他意识到他想在为时已晚之前学习。结合语意可知，此处表示“在为时已晚之前”，空处应用连词before，表示“在……之前”，引导时间状语从句。故填before。 【48题详解】 考查代词。句意：和朋友一起滑滑板给了Ouchi一个表达自己的出口，现在他每周都会去滑板场几次。空处作动词express的宾语，且宾语与Ouchi一致，所以空处应用反身代词himself，表示“他自己”。故填himself。 【49题详解】 考查名词。句意：和朋友一起滑滑板给了Ouchi一个表达自己的出口，现在他每周都会去滑板场几次。several表示“几个，数个”，修饰可数名词的复数形式，time表示“次”，复数形式为times。故填times。 【50题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：他说，他花了一段时间才完全习惯这种安排，但现在他对周围的环境有了一个很好的心理画面，这让他可以自由地表演更多的把戏。It took sb. some time to do sth.是固定句式，表示“某人花费多长时间做某事”，其中it为形式主语，所以空处应用动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to become。 【51题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他说，他花了一段时间才完全习惯这种安排，但现在他对周围的环境有了一个很好的心理画面，这让他可以自由地表演更多的技巧。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，free与逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式freeing作状语。故填freeing。 五、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共50分。 52. 在越来越激烈的学习竞争中，目前高二的一些学生也存在不同程度的心理问题。请你以“How to Improve Students’ Mental Health”为题写一篇短文，向学校英文报投稿。 要求如下： 1. 采取正确的态度。 2. 寻求帮助。 3. 保持有规律运动的习惯。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. the mental health consulting room (心理健康咨询室) How to Improve Students’ Mental Health ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】How to Improve Students’ Mental Health With the increasingly fierce study competition, there is no doubt that mental problems have become a heated issue which is related to daily life. Nowadays, it is widely acknowledged that mental health plays an important role in students’ life. We should take the right attitude towards the situation. As far as I’m concerned on no account should we ignore the significance of mental health. Above all, we should keep an optimistic attitude and bravely face it in terms of our work and study. What’s more, if we have difficulty with pains and puzzles, communicate with our parents, teachers or friends to release our stress. We should not hesitate to go to the mental health consulting room for help. Last but not least, keep a habit of doing sports regularly, which is of great benefit to us. Only in this way can we improve our mental health. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇开放性作文，要求考生以“How to Improve Students’ Mental Health”为题写一篇短文，向学校英文报投稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 在……起重要作用：play an important role in→ play an important part in 应该：should→ be supposed to 此外：what’s more→in addition 帮助：help→assistance 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：We should take the right attitude towards the situation. 拓展句：What we should do is to take the right attitude towards the situation. 【点睛】[高分句型1]With the increasingly fierce study competition, there is no doubt that mental problems have become a heated issue which is related to daily life.（运用了that引导同位语从句，which引导定语从句） [高分句型2]Nowadays, it is widely acknowledged that mental health plays an important role in students’ life.（运用了it作形式主语，that引导主语从句） 53. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Merchant Tovel loved attention. Knowing that people would listen if he had news to share, he went around his village making up stories about the local rabbi (犹太教神职人员). “He mixes dairy and meat!” said Tovel. The townspeople shook their heads, for they all knew that dairy and meat must not be mixed in the course of any meal. “And he sneaks (偷拿) food on Yom Kippur,” added Tovel. “Not Yom Kippur!” cried the townspeople. For not only is Yom Kippur the most important fasting day of the year, but it is also the holiest Jewish holiday. Later, alone in his home, the talebearer felt bad about what he had done. His stories about the rabbi had spread quickly. “I will go to the rabbi and beg him for forgiveness,” he decided. Then all would be well again. The next morning, he went to the temple and knocked on the door. “Rabbi,” he called, “it is merchant Tovel, coming to see you about an important matter.” “Come in, Tovel,” the rabbi said warmly, opening the door. In a matter of moments, Tovel told the rabbi all the things he had said. Then he asked, “What can I do to make things right?” The rabbi thought for a moment, then told him, “You must take a feather pillow (枕头), cut it open, and feed the feathers to the wind.” Tovel thought that the rabbi’s suggestion was strange, but the task seemed simple enough. And if it would take away the guilt he felt, then why not do it? Tovel thanked the rabbi and quickly left the temple. At home, the talebearer grabbed a feather pillow, waited for the afternoon winds to pick up, then climbed to the top of a hill. There, he cut open the pillow and watched the feathers float far and wide across the land. Satisfied, Tovel returned to tell the rabbi of his deed. “Now go and gather those feathers,” the rabbi commanded. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “But they are everywhere!” Tovel cried. “How will I get them all?” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Feeling disappointed, Tovel returned to tell the rabbi about the feathers he couldn’t collect. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: “But they are everywhere!” Tovel cried. “How will I get them all?” The rabbi replied, “Words are like feathers scattered by the wind. Once you let them out, you can never take them back.” Finally understanding the consequences of his gossip, Tovel set out to do as the rabbi had instructed. He managed to collect most of the feathers that he had scattered in town but a few were blown too far away for him to reach. Feeling disappointed, Tovel returned to tell the rabbi about the feathers he couldn’t collect. The rabbi smiled and replied, “Those feathers may be gone forever, but you can start today to speak kindly and truthfully. This way, you won’t have to worry about chasing feathers in the wind again.” Tovel left the temple, feeling lighter and with a new-found understanding about the power of his words. From that day on, he no longer felt the need to fabricate stories or gossip about others. He made a conscious effort to speak kindly and truthfully, and in doing so, he won back the respect of his fellow villagers. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了主人公托维尔从一开始喜欢编造故事和八卦别人，到后来和善而诚实地说话的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“‘但它们到处都是！’托维尔哭了。我怎样才能把它们都弄到手呢？”可知，第一段可描写托维尔收集被风吹散的羽毛的经过。 ②由第二段首句内容“托维尔感到很失望，他回去告诉拉比他找不到羽毛的事。”可知，第二段可描写拉比告诉托维尔一些道理以及托维尔的内心感受。 2.续写线索：羽毛到处都是——明白了他的流言的后果——收集被风吹散的羽毛——托维尔感到很失望——拉比告诉托维尔一些道理——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①开始做某事：set out to do sth. / start doing sth. / get down to doing sth. ②收集：collect / gather ③回复：reply / answer 情绪类 ①担心：worry about / be anxious about / concern ②和善地，亲切地：kindly / courteously / lovingly ③更轻松的：lighter / more relaxed 【点睛】 [高分句型1]. He managed to collect most of the feathers that he had scattered in town but a few were blown too far away for him to reach. (运用了关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句) [高分句型2]. Tovel left the temple, feeling lighter and with a new-found understanding about the power of his words. (运用了现在分词作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 绝密★启用前 2023-2024学年河南省商丘地区重点高中联考高二下学期期末考试 英语试卷 考试时间：120分钟 注意事项: 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第I卷(选择题) 一、阅读理解：本大题共16小题，共38分。 A Lately, an 86.6-metre-tall mass-timber (拼接木材) tower in Milwaukee, Wisconsin designed by Korb+Associates Architects, has been certified as the world’s tallest timber building. Located in a neighbourhood near the lakefront, the 25-storey tower is made almost entirely from timber except for the base, elevators and stair shafts (竖井). The structure took only two years to build. It has a concrete-framed podium (基座) at the base that is six storeys tall and the 19-storey timber tower rises from the podium. The core containing the elevator shaft and staircase is made of concrete to help the building deal with wind and earthquakes, as well as for fire safety reasons. “Our cores are concrete,” Korb+Associates Architects founder Jason Korb said. Thornton Tomasetti associate Alejandro Fernandez who worked on the project, said that the city required a three-hour fire rating for the columns, so the team worked with the Forest Products Laboratory to optimize the columns to meet this standard. “We think it was the first three-hour fire testing on columns,” said Fernandez, adding that the floor plates had a two-hour rating, meaning the components can burn for two hours without losing structural integrity. Because of requirements preventing external wood exposure and the developer’s desire to capture the lake views, the outside of the structure is made almost entirely of glass and metal panelling. Both Korb and Fernandez agreed that many of the drivers behind the project were economic—from the real estate perspective of the façade (建筑物正面) to the cost restrictions of the timber. Much of the wood was sourced from Austria because sourcing high-quality supplies from North American manufacturers would have been too expensive. Economic benefits were increased by labour usage of the project. Korb estimated that the project used about 25 per cent of the onsite labour required for a concrete structure and that it was completed in about half the time. Both Fernandez and Korb believe that the tower will provide further proof of concept for developers who are looking to create innovative structures from timber. And mid-rise developments like these that “attract people to the urban core” are a “good” thing, Korb added. 1. What can we know about the building? A. It is about 19-storey tall. B. Its cores are made of timber. C. It is the tallest building in the world. D. It can stand three-hour fire testing on columns. 2. Where is the wood used for construction from? A. Austria. B. North America. C. The Wisconsin state. D. The Forest Products Laboratory. 3. What does Korb think of the project? A. It is time-saving. B. It is difficult and costly. C. It is environment-friendly. D. It is energy-consuming. 4. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. More developers will choose timber to build tall buildings. B. The timber tower is a good example of innovative structure. C. Mid-rise developments will become more and more popular. D. Innovative structures from timber will need more improvements. B Cyberspace (网络空间) is constantly developing and presenting new opportunities, as the desire of businesses to quickly adopt new technologies, such as using the Internet to open new channels and adopting cloud services, provides vast opportunity. But, it also brings unexpected risks and unintended consequences that can have a potentially negative effect. Hardly a day goes by without news of a new cyber threat. Unfortunately, businesses tend to misjudge how much risk they face from cyber crimes and how quickly this risk can develop. For them, the commercial, reputational and financial risks that go with cyberspace presence are real and growing every day. So all businesses need to do now is establish cyber security within their organization, right? Establishing cyber security alone is not enough. Nowadays, it is not very difficult for attackers to break security and stop the overall business system. Preventive measures are not enough to stop them. With the advancement of technology, hackers (黑客) have been changing and developing. So business risk management should include risk resilience (复原力) so that businesses can respond to any damaging cyberspace activity. Cyber resilience helps businesses successfully recover to their pre-attack business processes and business operations. Building cyber resilience is not easy. A key finding of an authentic cyber-resilience report is that no organization can respond effectively on its own to the threats from cyberspace. Organisations must work together to share intelligence and resources. In this way the quality, usability and authenticity of intelligence will be greatly improved. 5. What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To make the development of cyberspace known. B. To show the great contributions from business. C. To make the technologies adopted by businesses attractive. D. To make the topic appealing. 6. From the author’s perspective, businesses are ________. A. lacking in awareness of cyber safety B. financially abundant C. managed successfully D. developed in judgment 7. Cyber resilience is currently necessary for the reason that ________. A. it can prevent attacks B. threats are always transforming C. cyber security doesn’t work now D. it keeps all the hackers off the internet 8. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Effective resilience can be built by an organization alone. B. Joint efforts are required in the formation of true resilience. C. A great amount of difficulty prevented building resilience. D. The cyberspace threat is nothing when cooperation is used. C The plastic value chain faces two key challenges: controlling plastic waste and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The chemical industry has a unique role to play in addressing these challenges. Cooperation between upstream and downstream partners is essential to develop solutions that reduce plastic pollution and emissions in plastic production. SABIC(Saudi Basic Industries Corporation)is at the forefront of these efforts. SABIC has set specific goals, including a commitment to achieve icarbon neutrality(碳中 和) by 2050. To realize this goal, the company has outlined a Carbon Neutrality Roadmap that focuses on five pathways: energy efficiency; renewable energy; electrification; carbon capture, usage and storage(CCUS); and green/blue hydrogen. Recognizing the scale of the challenges, SABIC understands that progress cannot be made alone. The company actively cooperates through initiatives, such as the Low — Carbon Emitting Technologies(LCET) initiative, where chemical companies work together to accelerate the development of technology solutions for carbon neutrality. Partnerships are also vital in addressing plastic waste. SABIC is a founding member of the Alliance(联盟) to End Plastic Waste, an organization that brings stakeholders(利益相关者) from across the value chain together to take collective action on the ground. The alliance works towards a future where plastic products never end up in landfills or oceans, but instead are reused or transformed into new products. SABIC is also actively involved in driving the transition from a linear to a circular carbon economy. As responsible plastic producers, SABIC recognizes the importance of offering sustainable materials to customers. Although the chemical industry has made significant progress, there is still more work to do to achieve the goals. SABIC is already making progress on the complex, long—term effort required and will continue to partner with others to increase the solutions needed to push meaningful change. 9. What kind of difficulty is the plastic value chain faced with? A. Exploring renewable energy. B. Reducing plastic production. C. Decreasing plastic pollution. D. Achieving carbon neutrality. 10. What is vital for chemical companies according to paragraph 3 and paragraph 4? A. Technology development. B. Partners’ cooperation. C. Carbon neutrality. D. Sustainable development. 11. Which best describes SABIC’s efforts? A. Fruitless B. Predictable. C. Frustrating. D. Rewarding. 12. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. SABIC: A leader mapping the path forward. B. SABIC: A leader solving the plastic pollution. C. SABIC: A leader reducing greenhouse gas emission. D. SABIC:A leader founding the plastic value chain. D One recent report found that adults in the US check their phones, on average, 344 times a day — once every four minutes — and spend almost three hours a day on their devices in total. The problem for many of us is that one quick phone-related task leads to a quick check of our email or social media feeds, and suddenly we’ve been sucked into endless scrolling (滚屏). It’s a vicious circle. The more useful our phones become, the more we use them. The more we use them, the more we lay neural pathways in our brains that lead to picking up our phones for whatever task is at hand — and the more we feel an urge to check our phone even when we don’t have to. What we do know is that the simple distraction of checking a phone or seeing a notification can have negative consequences. This isn’t very surprising; we know that, in general, multitasking harms memory and performance. One of the most dangerous examples is phone use while driving. In another recent study, researchers asked participants to either put their phones next to them so they were visible (like on a desk), nearby and out of sight (like in a bag or pocket), or in another room. Participants then completed a series of tasks to test their abilities to process and remember information, their problem-solving, and their focus. They were found to perform far better when their phones were in another room instead of nearby — whether visible, powered on or not. That held true even though most of the participants claimed not to be consciously (有意识地) thinking about their devices. The mere proximity (靠近) of a phone, it seems, contributes to “brain drain”. Our brains may be subconsciously hard at work in controlling the desire to check our phones, or constantly monitoring the environment to see if we should check our phone (eg, waiting for a notification). Either way, this diverted attention can make doing anything else more difficult. The only “fix”, the researchers found, was putting the device in a different room entirely. 13 How does the author bring up the topic of the text? A. By offering a piece of news. B. By sharing a magazine article. C. By describing his own experience. D. By citing previous research findings. 14. What does the underlined word “vicious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Full. B. Magic. C. Tight. D. Bad. 15. What does the author advise us to do to avoid mobile phone distraction? A. Never wait for a notification. B. Use our phone as little as possible. C. Stay away from our phone when doing things. D. Focus on one thing when finishing difficult things. 16. What’s the best title for the text? A. The Pros and Cons of Using Mobile Phones B. How Have Mobile Phones Changed Our Brains Negatively? C. The Consequences of Using Mobile Phones D. Do You Want to Control the Desire to Check Your Mobile Phones? 二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。 Conflict is a normal part of any healthy relationship. ____17____ The key is not to fear or try to avoid conflict but to learn how, to solve it in a healthy way. When conflict is mismanaged, it can cause great harm to a relationship, but , when handled in a respectful, positive way, _____18_____ Whether you’re experiencing conflict, at home, work, or school, learning skills can help you resolve differences in a healthy way and build stronger, more rewarding relationships. _____19_____ It occurs whenever people disagree over their values, motivations, perceptions, ideas, or desires. Sometimes these differences appear trivial, but when a conflict triggers strong feelings, a deep personal need is often at the core of the problem. These needs can range from the need to feel safe and secure or respected and valued, to the need for greater closeness and intimacy. Think about the opposing needs of a toddler and a parent. The child’s need is to explore, so venturing to the street or the cliff edge meets that need. But the parent’s need is to protect the child’s safety, a heed that can only be met by limiting the toddler’s exploration. ____20____ The ability to successfully resolve conflict depends on your ability to: ___21___ By staying calm, you can accurately read and interpret verbal and nonverbal communication. Control your emotions and behavior. When you’re in control of your emotions, you can communicate your needs without threatening, intimidating, or punishing others. A. Since these needs are different, conflict arises. B. Conflict arises from differences, both large and small. C. Manage stress quickly while remaining alert and calm. D. Conflict triggers strong emotions and can lead to hurt feeling. E. Differing needs can result in broken deals, decreased profits and lost jobs. F. After all, two people can’t be expected to agree on everything all the time. G. Conflict provides an opportunity to strengthen the bond between two people. 三、完形填空：本大题共20小题，共30分。 Until recently in the developed world, most married couples adopted traditional roles, with the husband working outside the home and the wife taking care of the children and the house. Although many families still follow this___22___ , those roles have become less ___23___ . A number of factors have contributed to this change. ___24___, perhaps as a consequence of feminism (女权运动), people have begun to ___25___ that one’s ___26___ should not determine one’s role. As a ___27___, people feel they have “___28___” to decide what they want to do in life. It’s no longer ___29___ for men to want to be the primary caregiver or homemaker. Similarly, many women would ___30___ to enter the working world instead of staying at home. Moreover, a large number of women have ____31____ advanced academic professional training,____32____ them with a significant earning potential. On the other hand, factors other than personal choice have ____33____ to the fluidity (不稳定性) of gender roles. Life has become more expensive and it’s ____34____ for a family to exist on only one income, requiring married women to leave the home to ____35____ money to help support the family. ____36____ , the number of two-income households has____37____ rapidly. And despite the fact that women on average still earn ____38____ than men for the same job, their incomes have become an ____39____ component of survival and prosperity in today’s world. In similar fashion, a man’s decision to ____40____ at home may not be voluntary. In the event he has lost his job, his decision to stay at home might be one of ____41____, not choice. 22. A. tradition B. role C. rule D. truth 23. A. unstable B. changeable C. unchangeable D. loose 24. A. Whereas B. On the one hand C. While D. Nevertheless 25. A. believe B. choose C. trust D. decide 26 A. family B. income C. choice D. gender 27. A. result B. reason C. choice D. female 28 A. permit B. permission C. allowance D. licence 29. A. beneficial B. advantageous C. harmful D. shameful 30. A. refuse B. proceed C. prefer D. hate 31. A. missed B. learned C. achieved D. succeeded 32. A. giving B. offering C. affording D. providing 33. A. denied B. contributed C. corresponded D. donated 34. A. convenient B. difficult C. easy D. traditional 35. A. spend B. donate C. earn D. collect 36. A. Yet B. However C. Frequently D. Consequently 37. A. grown B. decreased C. enhanced D. reduced 38. A. little B. less C. much D. more 39. A. ordinary B. unlimited C. unnecessary D. essential 40. A. support B. leave C. stay D. survive 41. A. necessity B. opportunities C. decisions D. possibilities 第II卷(非选择题) 四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Ryusei Ouchi takes a deep breath as he uses his cane (手杖) to feel out the edge of the three-metre-high ramp (斜坡), walks to the edge and then drops in. Like all skateboarders, the rush of air, the thrill of the ride, the sense of achievement in completing a trick are ____42____ drew the 19-year-old to the sport. Unlike other boarders, however, Ouchi is almost ____43____ (complete) blind. Ouchi was born with perfect vision but since being diagnosed (诊断) with ____44____ eye condition at the age of seven his sight has worsened to the point where he needs a cane to navigate his local skatepark in Tokorozawa, north of Tokyo. Dropping in off large ramps, riding rails and even performing handstand tricks, Ouchi has impressed the local skateboarding community and earned him a considerable following on social media. He is well aware ____45____ the dangers but says it comes with the territory. Ouchi ____46____ (start) skateboarding at 15 when his eyesight began to worsen faster. He realized he wanted to learn ____47____ it was too late. Skateboarding with friends gave Ouchi an outlet to express ____48____ (he) and he now heads to the skatepark several ____49____ (time) a week. It took him a while ____50____ (become) fully accustomed to the layout, he said, but now he has a good mental picture of his surroundings, ____51____ (free) him up to perform more tricks. 五、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共50分。 52. 在越来越激烈的学习竞争中，目前高二的一些学生也存在不同程度的心理问题。请你以“How to Improve Students’ Mental Health”为题写一篇短文，向学校英文报投稿。 要求如下： 1. 采取正确的态度。 2. 寻求帮助。 3. 保持有规律运动的习惯。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. the mental health consulting room (心理健康咨询室) How to Improve Students’ Mental Health ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Merchant Tovel loved attention. Knowing that people would listen if he had news to share, he went around his village making up stories about the local rabbi (犹太教神职人员). “He mixes dairy and meat!” said Tovel. The townspeople shook their heads, for they all knew that dairy and meat must not be mixed in the course of any meal. “And he sneaks (偷拿) food on Yom Kippur,” added Tovel. “Not Yom Kippur!” cried the townspeople. For not only is Yom Kippur the most important fasting day of the year, but it is also the holiest Jewish holiday. Later, alone in his home, the talebearer felt bad about what he had done. His stories about the rabbi had spread quickly. “I will go to the rabbi and beg him for forgiveness,” he decided. Then all would be well again. The next morning, he went to the temple and knocked on the door. “Rabbi,” he called, “it is merchant Tovel, coming to see you about an important matter.” “Come in, Tovel,” the rabbi said warmly, opening the door. In a matter of moments Tovel told the rabbi all the things he had said. Then he asked, “What can I do to make things right?” The rabbi thought for a moment, then told him, “You must take a feather pillow (枕头), cut it open, and feed the feathers to the wind.” Tovel thought that the rabbi’s suggestion was strange, but the task seemed simple enough. And if it would take away the guilt he felt, then why not do it? Tovel thanked the rabbi and quickly left the temple. At home, the talebearer grabbed a feather pillow, waited for the afternoon winds to pick up, then climbed to the top of a hill. There, he cut open the pillow and watched the feathers float far and wide across the land. Satisfied, Tovel returned to tell the rabbi of his deed. “Now go and gather those feathers,” the rabbi commanded. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “But they are everywhere!” Tovel cried. “How will I get them all?” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Feeling disappointed, Tovel returned to tell the rabbi about the feathers he couldn’t collect. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$