Unit 4 Body Language 教材助读（学生用书）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

UNIT BODY LANGUAGE 教材助读7 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 1)thought.想法，看 LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK 倾听身体的诉说 We use both words and body language to 法，主意 在与别人的交流 express our thoughts and opinions in our <2>interaction/intaraekfn/ interactions with other people.We can learn a 中，我们既使用措辞 .交流；相互影响 lot about Dwhat people are thinking by watching 也通过肢体语言来表 ※interaction with与… their body language.Words are important, but 达我们的想法和观 2 the way people stand,hold their arms,and 的交流 点。通过观察别人的 move their hands can also give us information (3>vary/veari/,wi.(根 about their feelings. 肢体语言，我们能够 据情况)变化：改变 ①what people are thinking是about的宾语从句， 了解很多他们的想 what在从句中作thinking的宾语；by watching 〈4>crucial adj.至关重 法。措辞很重要，但 their body language作方式状语。 要的：关键性的 是人们站立，握紧手 2people stand,hold their arms,and move their hands是定语从句，修饰先行词the way。关系词 臂，移动双手的方式 <5>appropriate/Sproopriat/ ad.合适的：恰当的 在从句中作状语，可用that,in which或省略关系 也能帮我们了解他们 词。此处便省略了关系词。 的情绪。 〈6)by contrast相比之下 Just like spoken language,body language 就像口语一样， 〈7)approve/opru:v//ui.赞 varies from culture to culture.The crucial 肢体语言也因文化而 成：同意vL.批准；通过 thing is 3using body language in a way that is 8>demonstrate/demonstreit/ appropriate s to the culture you are in. For 异。关键是使用肢体 example,1 making eye contactlooking into 语言的方式要适合你 vt.表现；表达；说明： someone's eyes-in some countries is a way to 所处的文化。例如， 证明 display interest.In other countries,by contrast, 在有些国家，眼神交 〈9>look down俯视，向 eye contact is not always approved?of.For example,in many Middle Eastern countries,men 流 看着别人的眼 下看 and women are not socially permitted to make eye 睛 是一种表现兴 (10>gesture/'dsestfo(r)/ contact.In Japan,it may demonstrate respect to 趣的方式。相比之 n.手势：姿势：姿态 look down5when talking to an older person. 下，在其他国家，人们 (11)witness/witnos/ut. ③动名词短语using body language.作表语。 that引导定语从句，修饰先行词away,在从句中 并不总是赞成眼神交 场看到：目击：见证n.目 作主语，这个句子中的you are in也是一个定语 流。例如，在许多中 击者；证人 从句，修饰the culture,关系词因在从句中作宾语 东国家，男女不允许 ※witness sb doing sth 而被省略了。 在社交场合进行眼神 ④单个动名词短语making eye contact.作主语， 见到某人做某事 谓语动词用单数形式。 交流。在日本，和年 〈12>employ/m'plbr/rt.使 ⑤when talking to an older person是省略句，补 长的人讲话时目光向 用：应用；雇用 充完整应为when they are talking to an older person。 下以表示尊敬。 14。 <13>identical/ardentikl/ The gesture 0 for“OK”has different “好”这个手势在 adj.相同的 meanings in different cultures.In Japan,someone 不同的文化中有不同 ※be identical to,/with who witnesses another person employing12 the 的含义。在日本，有 gesture might think it means money.In France,a 与…一样 person encountering an identical gesture 人如果看到另一个人 <14>interpret/in't3:prit/ may interpret it as 6meaning zero.However, 用这个手势，可能认 vl.把…理解（解释） you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil 为这意味着钱。在法 为vi.&.vl.口译 and Germany,as it is not considered polite. 国，面对同样的手势， ⑥encountering an identical gesture是现在分词 〈15)differ/dfo(r)/i.相 人们会将其理解为 短语作定语，修饰a person,a person与encounter 异：不同于 之间是主动关系。动名词短语meaning zero作介 “零”的意思。但是在 <16>by comparison 词as的宾语。 巴西和德国，你应该 (与…)相比较 Even the gestures⑦we use for“yes”and 避免使用这个手势， <17)cheek/tik/n.面颊： “no”differ)around the world.In many 因为它被认为是不礼 countries,⑧shaking one's head means“no”,and 脸颊 nodding means“yes”.By comparison>,in 貌的。 (18>favour/'ferva (r)/ Bulgaria and southern Albania,the gestures have 甚至我们用来表 t.较喜欢：选择；有利 the opposite meaning.There are also differences 示“是”与“不是”的手 于n.帮助：恩惠；赞同 in 9 how we touch each other,how close we 势在世界各地都不一 〈19>bow/bao/vi.鞠躬： stand to someone we are talking to,and how we 样。在许多国家，摇 点头t.低（头） act when we meet or part.In countries like France and Russia,people may kiss their friends 头表示“不”，点头表 (20>waist/west/n.腰； on the cheek when they meet.Elsewhere, 示“是”。相比之下， 腰部 people favourshaking hands,bowing from 在保加利亚和阿尔巴 the waist 2,or nodding the head when they meet 尼亚南部，这两种姿 someone else. ⑦we use for“yes”and“no”是省略关系词的定 态的含义是相反的。 语从句，修饰先行词the gestures。 我们彼此接触的方式 ⑧动名词（短语）shaking one's head和nodding 也存在差异，我们与 都在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 谈话对象的距离，以 ⑨how we touch…,how close we stand…,and 及我们见面或告别时 how we act…是三个由how引导的并列的宾语从 句，连接方式为A,B,andC。其中，we are talking 的行为。在法国和俄 to是定语从句，修饰someone:when we meet or 罗斯这样的国家，人 part是时间状语从句。 们和朋友见面时可能 1shaking hands,bowing from the waist,or 会亲吻他们的脸颊。 nodding the head when they meet someone else 是三个并列的动名词短语作favour的宾语，连接 在其他地方，人们见 方式是A,B,orC。其中when they meet someone 面时更喜欢握手，弯 else是时间状语从句。 腰鞠躬或者点头。 ·15 〈21)rest u.(被)支撑： Some gestures seem to have the same 有些手势似乎在 (使)倚靠：托 meaning everywhere.Placing your hands 每个地方都有相同的 <22)a way of doing sth together and resting them on the side of your 意思。双手并拢放在 做某事的方法 head while closing your eyes means“sleep'”.A 头的一侧，同时闭上 (23)get through渡过 good way of 2 saying"I am full"is moving your (难关)：（设法）做完：完 眼睛表示“睡觉”。用 hand in circles over your stomach after a meal. 成：通过（测试等》 餐后轻轻用手在胃部 placing your hands together and resting them 〈24>break down消除； 转圈是一种表示“我 on the side of your head是两个并列的动名词短语 分解：打破 作主语，表示一件事，谓语动词此处用单数means; 吃饱了”的好方式。 <25>barrier/'baeria(r)/ while closing your eyes是时间状语，其中省略了 有些肢体语言有 .隔阂：障碍 you aree 许多不同的用途。最 〈26>ask for help寻求 帮助 Some body language has many different 好的例子或许就是微 (27)feel down感到沮丧 uses.Perhaps the best example is smiling.A smile 笑。微笑能帮助我们 can help us get through difficult situations and find 渡过难关，在陌生人 friends in a world of strangers.A smile can break 的世界里找到朋友。 down2 barriers 25.We can use a smile 12 to 微笑能够消除障碍。 apologise,to greet someone,to ask for help 我们可以用微笑来道 or to start a conversation.Experts suggest 歉，问候某人，寻求帮 (3smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself 助或者开始对话。专 feel happier and stronger.And if we are feeling down 27 or lonely,1there is nothing better than 家建议对着镜子微笑 seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 来让自己感到更快 ②此处是四个并列的目的状语，连接形式是A, 乐、更坚强。而且如 B,C,orD。 果我们感到沮丧或孤 短语smiling at yourself in the mirror作 独，没有什么比看到 suggest的宾语：suggest doing sth建议做某事。 好朋友的笑脸更好 ④此处为“否定词十比较级”连用表示最高级的含义。 的了。 教材助读8 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 〈1〉educator/ed3 ukerta(r)/ HOW DO I KNOW MY STUDENTS? 我如何了解我的学生？ n.教师：教育工作者；教 As an educator,people often ask me Dhow I 作为一名教师， 育家 人们经常问我，我怎 ※educate v.教育；育人 know what is going on in the minds of my 么知道自己的学生在 educated adj.受过教育 students.Many students are quite shy and don't 想什么。许多学生相 的：有学问的 speak all that much.At the same time,in a 当害羞，所以他们的 〈2>tick/tk/t.给（试卷、 classroom of more than forty students,2 it is 话并不那么多。同 问题等)打钩号i.(钟 时，在一个有40多名 表)发出嘀嗒声n.钩号 hard to have many one-on-one conversations with 学生的教室里，很难 ※what makes sb tick each person.So,how can I really know what 与每个人进行多次一 使某人这样做的原因 makes each student tick2? 对一的谈话。那么，我 ·16 〈3>be interested in对… Dhow I know what is going on in the minds of 是如何弄清楚每个学 感兴趣 my students是ask的宾语从句，这个宾语从句中 生为何会这样的呢？ (4>tend to do sth易于 又包含一个what引导的从句，作know的宾语。 我的答案？我观 做某事，往往会发生某事 ②it is hard to have…,it是形式主语，不定式to 察他们的肢体语言。 〈5)make a joke开玩笑 have…是真正的主语。 当学生对一堂课 <6>tendency /tendansi/ My answer?I look at their body language. 感兴趣时，很容易辨 .趋势：倾向 It is easy to recognise when students are 认出来。大多数人倾 have a tendency to interested ins a lesson.Most tend to look up 向于抬头和进行眼神 do sth倾向于做某事 and make eye contact.When I make a joke5, 交流。当我开玩笑 <7>lower/'laua (r)/ut. they smile.When I talk about something 把…放低：降低：减少 时，他们会笑。当我 difficult,they look confused.I know when adj.下面的：下方的； 谈论到难点时，他们 students are really interested,however,because 较小的 看起来很困惑。不 they lean forward and look at me.People have a ※low ad.低的；低矮的 过，我知道学生们什 tendency to lean towards 3whatever they are (8>imply/m'plai/u.意 么时候真正感兴趣， interested in.So if a student 1 has his head 味着：暗示 因为他们身体前倾看 <9>harely /beali/adv.JL lowered?to look at his watch,it implies he is 着我。人们往往会向 乎不：勉强才能：刚刚 bored and just counting the minutes for the class 他们感兴趣的东西倾 ※bare adj..裸体的；裸 to end.If two friends are leaning their heads 斜身体。因此，如果 露的：（树木）光秃秃的： together,they are probably writing notes to each 一个学生低下头看 (土地)荒芜的 other.Of course,5not everyone who looks up is 表，这意味着他很无 〈lo)spend time doing paying attention in class.Some students look up, 聊，只是在数着分钟 sth花费时间做某事 but there is an absence of eye contact.Their eyes 等下课。如果两个朋 <11)chin/tjn/.下巴 barely move,and they always have the same 友把头靠在一起，他 <12>occupy/'pkjupai/ distant expression on their faces.It is 6 as l.占据：占用 们可能在互相写纸 though they are asleep with their eyes open. 〈13>stare/stea(r)/vi.盯 条。当然，不是每个 ③whatever引导宾语从句。 着看：凝视n.凝视 抬头的人都专注于课 ④has his head lowered是“have sth done"结构， <14>ceiling/'si:lin/n. 表示“使某物被…” 堂。有些学生抬头 花板；上限 ⑤此处是一个部分否定句，相当于everyone who 看，但没有眼神交流。 <15>distract/dr'straekt/ looks up is not paying attention in class。其中 他们的眼睛几乎不 l.分散（注意力）：使 who looks up是who引导的定语从句，修饰everyone 动，脸上表情疏远呆 分心 ⑥as though“好像，仿佛”，在此处引导表语从句。 滞，好像睁着眼睛在 〈l6)perceive/,pa'siv with their eyes open是with复合结构，在句中作 睡觉。 t.察觉；看待：理解 状语 有些学生被别的 (17)distinguish/distingw/ Some students are amused by something 东西逗乐了。他们把 vi.&.vt.区分；辨别 else.They spend all their time10 looking 所有的时间都花在看 ※distinguished adj.杰 anywhere but at me.Then again,some students' 我以外的地方。同 出的：有名气的 favourite activity is daydreaming.D With their 样，一些学生最喜欢 ·17 <18>anxiety /aenzalati/ chins on their hands,they occupy 12 themselves 的是做白日梦。他们 n.焦虑：担心：害怕 by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling 双手托着下巴，专注 ※anxious adj.焦虑的 They are certainly interested in something,but 地盯着窗外或天花 19>chest/jest/n.胸部： who knows what.The main thing is 8reminding 板。他们当然对某事 胸膛 distracted 1 students that they need to pay 感兴趣，但谁知道是 <20>embarrassed/imbaerast/ attention in class. 什么呢。主要的事情 adj.难堪的：尴尬的 ⑦with their chins on their hands是with复合结 是提醒分心的学生在 (21>ashamed/afeimd/ 构，表示伴随情况，由“wt十宾语十宾补（介词短 课堂上要注意听讲。 adj.羞愧；惭愧 语)”构成。 尽管学生们何时 ※shameful adj,令人 ⑧动名词短语reminding…在句中作表语；that引 羞愧的 导宾语从句。 (对课程)感兴趣，何 <22>merely/'miali/adu. While it is easy to perceive when 时感到无聊或精力不 是：仅仅：只不过 students are interested,bored,or distracted,it 集中是容易察觉的， <23>call on(短暂地)访 is sometimes much harder to distinguish when 但要分辨出学生何时 问：要求（某人讲话等）： students are troubled.Students who are angry, 有困扰有时会难得 正式邀请 afraid,or experiencing anxiety s may 1 have 多。生气、害怕或者 <24>bother/bpoa(r)/ their arms crossed in front of their chests and 焦虑的学生会双臂交 心&速.费心：麻烦：因… 0 their legs closed or crossed,like they are 叉抱在胸前，他们的 操心.麻烦：不便 guarding their bodies.Students who are sad or 腿并拢或交叉，就像 〈25)weep/wip/i.&t. worried will nearly always wear a frown.They 他们在保护自己的身 哭泣；流泪 may also hide their faces in their hands like they 体。难过或担心的学 〈26>at work有某种影 are embarrassed 2 or ashamed 2.Some students 生几乎总是愁眉不 响；在工作 act this way merely2 because they are afraid of 展。他们也会用手捂 <27>conflict /kpnflikt/ being called on2 by the teacher.However,if a 住脸，好像很尴尬或 n.矛盾；冲突 student does not bother to brush her hair and 羞愧。有些学生这样 /kon1kt/i.冲突：抵触 her eyes are red from weeping 25,then I can infer <28>inquire/inkwaia(r)/ that there are deeper issues at work 25.It could 做仅仅是因为他们害 (=enquire)i.&.t.询 be that she is having serious conflicts 2 with 怕被老师叫到。但 问：打听 other students or at home.1Whatever it is,I 是，要是学生都懒得 know I need to inquire 28 and assess what is 梳头，并且两眼因哭 going on. 泣而发红，那么我能 ⑨此处是while引导的让步状语从句，whie意为 够推断有更深层次的 “尽管”。it是形式主语，不定式to perceive是真 问题在影响着她。可 正的主语。 能是她和其他同学或 ⑩have their arms crossed与(have)their legs 家人产生了严重的矛 closed or crossed都属于have sth done结构。宾 盾。不管是什么，我 语和宾补之间是被动关系。 知道我需要调查和评 ①whatever it is是whatever(无论什么，不管什 估所发生的事情。 么)引导的让步状语从句。 ·18· <29>ultimately/'Altimatli/ Ultimately2,my duty is 12 helping every 最后，我的职责 adu.最终；最后 student to learn.Their body language lets me 是帮助每个学生学 <30>adjust/a'd3Ast/vt. know Bwhen to adjust class activities,when 习。他们的肢体语言 调整；调节i.&.t.适 to intervene,and when to talk to students 告诉我什么时候调整 应：（使）习惯 individually,so they can all get the most out of 课堂活动，何时介入， (31>intervene /intovim/ school.Reacting to body language is an 何时与学生单独交 vi.干预；介入 important component of being a teacher. 谈，这样他们就能在 (32>react/rI'aekt/vi. ②动名词短语helping every student to learn作表 学校里得到最大的收 (对…)起反应：回应： 语，这句话也可以写成：Ultimately,helping every 获。对肢体语言做出 (对食物等)有不良反应 student to learn is my duty. 回应是做一个老师必 <33>component/kampounont ⑧此处是三个并列的“疑问词十不定式”结构，作 不可少的环节。 n.组成部分：零件 know的宾语，连接方式是A,B,andC。 UNIT WORKING THE LAND 教材助读9 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 1)pioneer n.先锋；拓 A PIONEERF FOR ALL PEOPLE 荒者 全民先锋 〈2>hybrid/haibrid/n.杂 Yuan Longping,①known as the“father of 交植（动）物：合成物：混 hybrid2 rice",was one of China's most famous 袁隆平，被誉为 合动力车 scientists.Yet,he considered himself a farmer “杂交水稻之父”，是 〈3)work the land耕种 because he continually worked the land in his 中国最著名的科学家 土地，在地里工作 research.Indeed,his slim but strong body was 〈4〉slim adj.瘦削的， 之一。然而，他认为 苗条的 just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,2to 〈5〉devote…to把… whom he had devoted his life. 自己是一个农民，因 用于：献身：致力：专心 ①过去分词短语known as.作定语，修饰Yuan 为他不断地在土地上 〈6)pursue a career从 Longping。be known as.意为“作为…而出名”。 事一种职业 从事他的研究工作 〈7>shortage/Soud3/u.不 ②此处是“介词to十whom”引导的定语从句，修 足；缺少；短缺 饰先行词farmers。devote,to是因定搭配，介词 确实，他瘦削但结实 ※a shortage of缺少 t0被提到了关系代词前而。 的身躯看起来和他为 〈8>tackle/Lekl/t.解 Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. 决（难题）：应付（局面）： 之奉献了一生的千千 处理 His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine.However,3what concerned 万万的中国农民一样。 〈9>crisis/kraisis/n.（pl. crises/-siz/)危机；危急 him most was that farmers often had poor 袁隆平1930年出 关头 harvests and sometimes even had a serious ※in crisis处于危机中 生于北京。他的父母 10)work as担任： shortage of food to eat.To tackle this 希望他从事科学或医 以…身份而工作 crisis,he chose to study agriculture and 11)solution n.解决办 received an education at Southwest Agricultural 学方面的事业。然 法：处理手段：答案 College in Chongqing. 而，最让他忧心的是， 〈12>boost/bust/vt.使 增长；使兴旺n.增长； ③此处是主从复合句。what concerned him most 农民经常歉收，有时 提高；激励 是主语从句，what在此处的意思是“…的事”。 13>yield/jid/n.产量： that farmers often had poor harvests…是表语从句。 甚至严重缺粮。为了 产出.出产（作物）： ④不定式短语to tackle this crisis在句中作目的状语。 : 应对这个危机，他选 ·19·