Unit 1 Encyclopaedias【B卷·培优卷】-2024-2025学年八年级英语上册单元速记·巧练（深圳专用，沪教牛津版）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 1 Encyclopaedias（B卷·培优卷） （时间：70分钟，满分：75分） 第1部分 选择题部分 一、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Spanish painter Pablo Picasso was a leader in Western art in the 20th century. No painter before him had enjoyed such a 1 number of followers in his own lifetime. Born on Oct 25, 1881, Picasso had 2 more than 20, 000 paintings, drawings, sculptures and other pieces of art by the time he died at 91. That’s a long time to paint! People often list eight different 3 in the course of his painting career. Over a century ago, he once said, “Every act of creation is first of all an act of destruction (破坏).” So the eight periods are all very 4 in their choice of subjects and yet unmistakably drawn by Picasso’s hands. As his style 5 over time, it became more minimalist (极简风格的). A common joke is that Picasso forgot how to paint. 6 , he was classically trained at the School of Fine Arts in Barcelona. Now he is best known for 7 an artistic movement known as “Cubism (立体主义)”. It used shapes to create human and animal figures. With this 8 , Picasso tried to show his figures from multiple perspectives (多维视角) in 2 D space. For example, a person’s left eye may be shown from straight ahead while his right eye and nose are shown from the side. The result is 9 and beautiful, frightening and funny. Picasso often said that he admired the drawings made by children. “When I was their age, I could draw like Raphael, but it took me a lifetime to learn to draw like them (children),” he said. Maybe that’s 10 Picasso is still so popular. We look at his work and think, “Maybe I could do that!” 1．A．small B．large C．low D．high 2．A．written B．composed C．created D．connected 3．A．periods B．kinds C．times D．styles 4．A．exciting B．relaxing C．interesting D．different 5．A．began B．changed C．grew D．shone 6．A．After all B．Above all C．In all D．At all 7．A．fixing B．dividing C．leading D．guarding 8．A．help B．dream C．connection D．method 9．A．strange B．natural C．common D．simple 10．A．how B．why C．when D．where 2、 阅读理解 （共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从11～25各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The book Compendium of Materia Medica, whose author called Li Shizhen, was highly praised by Darwin as the encyclopedia of ancient China. Born into a medical family, Li began to read some medical classics, and sometimes went together with his father treating diseases when he was a child. But at that time, people looked down upon doctors, so his father didn't hope the son would take medicine as his career, and asked him to take the road of imperial examinations (科举). For that purpose, he took Gu Riyan as his teacher, who had a lot of books in his home so that Li had a chance to read many rare classics. At the age of 17, 20 and 23, he went to take the country examination, but failed each time. Then he gave up the imperial examination and followed his father to learn medicine. He not only took in experience from others in medical treatment but also showed great talents in creativity. Li was highly praised for his sympathy for the patients and finest medical skills in just a few years. Especially, with his curing of a strange disease called "Worm addiction", he was titled "Fengcizheng" and then employed as "Yuanpan". However, he was not interested in it, and left after working only for a little more than one year. In his medical practice, Li found many mistakes in the books of medicines. Feeling it was a great problem, he decided to write a new book on medicines all over again. From the age of 34, he started this project. In addition to summing-up of earlier people's experience and achievement, he also learned widely from medical farmers, fishermen and other laboring people. He planted some medical herbs himself, tried them on his own body, so as to get the right knowledge of them. Through 27 years' hard efforts, he completed his great work, Compendium of Materia Medica, at his age of 60, at last. 11．Why didn't Li take doctor as his career at his young age? A．Because he passed imperial examinations. B．Because he wanted to write his famous book. C．Because doctors couldn't earn a lot of money. D．Because doctors were not respected by people. 12．How many time did he take the country examination? A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5. 13．What is true about the book Compendium of Materia Medica? A．It was written to show his great ability in creativity. B．It was written as the encyclopedia of ancient China. C．It was the first medicine book ever written in Ming Dynasty. D．It was written after many visits to people and test of the medicine. 14．In what order did the following event take place about Li? a. He gave up the imperial examination. b. He learned from all kinds of laboring people. c. He read many books in his teacher's home. d. He gave up working as "Yuanpan". e. He made up his mind to write a new book. A．c-a-d-e-b B．c-a-d-b-e C．d-c-a-b-e D．d-a-c-e-b 15．Which of the following best describes Li Shizhen? A．Talented and interesting. B．Skilled but impatient. C．Brave and hardworking. D．Kind but uneducated. B Do encyclopedias know everything? Long before Wikipedia (维基百科) or Encyclopedia Britannica (大英百科全书), there was Pliny the Elder. He was a first-century Roman researcher. His assistants read to him while he ate dinner and while he bathed. All the while, Pliny took notes. He even considered walking a waste of time. His assistants carried him around Rome in a chair while he read. All of this was done in preparation for his Historia Naturalis. The book was published in A．D．77. It is considered the oldest surviving (现存的) encyclopedia on Earth. There are 2,500 chapters. They cover everything from mice to Mars. “No Roman author has completed such a project,” Pliny proudly declared. Unluckily, two years after having published the encyclopedia, he died in a natural disaster. Accidents can hardly be avoided. However, they can be recorded. Editors (编辑) of encyclopedias, like Pliny, organize the knowledge of our world. Like a valuable gift, the books are passed down through the ages. They begin their lives as a tool and end them as a historical record. Therefore, in my opinion, an encyclopedia is not just a record of what its editors know, it’s also a record of what they don’t know. Pliny was wrong when he said there were seven planets, including the Sun and the Moon. He was wrong, too, when he said Africans were black from being burnt by the Sun. After all, Historia Naturalis is a book edited by a Roman thousands of years ago. It contained all of the things he truly knew at the time. Similarly, I believe both Wikipedia and Encyclopedia Britannica have some inaccurate (不准确的) information. Even the biggest encyclopedias only represent what their editors know. “The task of editing an encyclopedia can never be completed,” said Roger Lewinter, an American researcher. Encyclopedias can’t record all of human knowledge but just some of it. They are always waiting for someone—you, perhaps—to improve them. 16．According to the article, before Pliny the Elder completed Historia Naturalis, ________. A．nobody knew what Mars was B．there was no encyclopedia on Earth C．nobody had considered walking a waste of time D．no Roman author had completed an encyclopedia 17．The underlined word “declared” (in Paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to “________”. A．made B．said C．created D．took 18．When did Pliny the Elder die in a natural disaster? A．In A．D．79. B．In A．D．77. C．In A．D．75. D．In 77 B．C． 19．According to the article, which of the following statements can we find in Hitoria Naturalis? A．Among all the continents, Africa is the farthest from the Sun. B．There are many mice in Africa. C．The Sun is a planet. D．Mars is not a planet. 20．The author of this article expects his readers to ________. A．improve an encyclopedia B．find all the mistakes in Historia Naturalis. C．complete the task of editing an encyclopedia D．take a look at the world’s biggest encyclopedia C People often think of the North Pole (北极) and the South Pole as similar frozen (冰冻的) wastelands. They are both places with very cold temperatures and few people live there. However, the North and South Poles are not much alike as people may imagine. The North Pole has no land, only thick ice. Temperatures seldom go above 32°F, at which water turns into ice. Most of the time, it stays below zero. In winter temperatures are usually as low as -30°F. Although conditions were very poor, people tried for many centuries to reach the North Pole. About 100 years ago, two men, Robert Peary and Mathew Henson, were able to get to this environment full of troubles and difficulties. They reached the North Pole on March 8th, 1909. It was really a hard trip for them. There are few things more dangerous than crossing the Arctic (北极圈) on foot. People who stayed there may face many problems: very cold temperatures, sudden storms, and even hunger. Most of the area is uninhabited. Few people can live in such a difficult place. People might think that with such low temperatures for most of the year, the ice would be thick and hard. However, this is not true in the Arctic. The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many different changes on the surface. Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water (水道) called “leads”. Anyone who falls into a lead can be frozen to death in a few minutes. 21．This passage is probably from ________. A．a book review B．a computer magazine C．a school report D．a science book 22．According to the passage, what happened about 100 years ago? A．Two men succeeded in getting to the North Pole. B．Temperatures in the North Pole went above 32°F. C．The environment in the North Pole suddenly became worse. D．The North Pole changed into thick ice because of the temperatures. 23．What does the underlined word “uninhabited” probably mean in Chinese? A．气候恶劣的 B．充满危险的 C．困难重重的 D．无人居住的 24．What problems will people face when crossing the Arctic ? ①low temperatures        ②without water             ③sudden storms ④hunger                ⑤the movement of the ocean water A．①②③④⑤ B．①③④⑤ C．①②④⑤ D．②③④⑤ 25．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．The thick ice in the North Pole. B．A difficult trip to the North Pole. C．The real situation in the North Pole. D．The differences between the North Pole and the South Pole. 三、阅读还原（本题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的A-F选项中，选出5个适当的选项补全短文。 Everyone enjoys music. But do you know it can improve the lives of sick kids? 26 In fact, music has changed the world a lot. In Australia, a scientist Catherine, has made a music program. 27 “Music can make you happy, music can make you sad, music can make you relaxed and take away any stress,” said Catherine. For thousands of years people has believed that music has a great effect on both the mind and the body, but it was only about 70 years ago that scientists began to study its medical benefits (益处). 28 Since then, people has used music to help patients. It’s even been used to help kids in schools get better marks because it allows them to relax and pay more attention. Now music is being used in a special program called Music Therapy (疗法). 29 It includes listening to music, playing instruments, singing, song writing and other games. Sophia is 11. She got cancer five months ago, but playing music, learning new songs and singing have become part of her life. She said, “It takes my mind off feeling sick. While I am listening to music, it tells me not to give up hope. 30 ” It seems that a few minutes of music a day can help keep the doctor away! A．It helps people improve their quality of life in different ways by using music. B．So soon music became popular all over the world. C．It feels like my life will soon turn around and I’ll be strong again. D．A famous musician once said music could change the world! E．They found that playing music in hospitals helped sick soldiers feel better. F．The program has been putting smiles on the faces of kids in hospitals across the country. 四、阅读匹配（本题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 下面的材料A—F 分别介绍了六条百科知识，请根据Tony, David, Emma , Peter和Lily 五位同学的情况，帮助他们选出最想知道的信息，将其标号填入题前括号内。 31 Tony is listening to a song about Huangguoshu Waterfall. He wants to learn about some other famous waterfalls in the world. 32 David has just read an article about the hottest habitat on Earth. He’s going to find out where the coldest one is. 33 Emma is a middle school student from Sudan. She is writing a report about the father of African rivers. 34 Peter knows that Taklamakan Desert is the largest desert in China. Now he wants to know which one is the largest in the world. 35 Lily has an interesting picture. In the picture, a man is reading a book while lying in the sea. She wants to know why. A．Oymyakon is a small village in Russia. It’s the coldest habitat（居住地） on Earth. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Oymyakon was ﹣71. 2℃. B．The Dead Sea isn’t a sea but a saltwater lake. It’s 76 kilometers long, up to 18 kilometers wide and 400 meters deep at its deepest point. It is over 25% salt, so people can float in it very easily. C． Huzhong District , Dahinggan, northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province is one of the coldest places in China. The annual average （年平均的） temperature there is ﹣4. 3℃, and the lowest temperature in history was ﹣53. 2℃. D．The Angel Falls is the world’s highest free﹣falling waterfall at 979 meters. An American pilot named James Crawford Angel first saw the Angel Falls in Venezuela in 1933. It was then named after him. E. The Nile is a river in northeast Africa. It’s the longest river in the world. The Blue Nile and the White Nile meet in Khartoum, Sudan. And from there they move on their long journey towards the Mediterranean Sea. F. The Sahara Desert in northern Africa is the largest desert in the world. It’s more than 16 times the size of France. It’s hot and dry all year round. 第二部分 非选择题部分 五、语法填空 （本题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 There are many beautiful bridges in the world. Two of them are more than 1, 000 years old and really worth 36 (visit)! The first one is the Zhaozhou Bridge in China. It is famous 37 its design and shape. Its design is very special and clever. The bridge is 50 meters long and 10 meters high with 28 arches. There are no nails 38 cement (水泥) in the bridge, only stones. The stones have different shapes and sizes so they fit together 39 (perfect). So far, it 40 (experience) many natural disasters, such as floods and earthquakes throughout history, but it is still there. Its shape is like 41 smile which means good luck. The 42 (two) one is the Arkadiko Bridge in Greece. It is about 22 meters long and 5 meters wide. This bridge seems much 43 (small). It is less wide for more people 44 (walk) on it, however, it was the only way people could cross the river in the past. Every year, many 45 (tour) visit the two bridges and take photos. These two bridges are not only important parts of the World Cultural Heritage but also symbols of human wisdom and creativity. 六、书面表达（15分） 46．假设你对贝多芬很感兴趣，并通过阅读百科全书了解他的事迹。请你根据所给的提示以“A great composer—Beethoven”为题，向你的同学们介绍贝多芬的有关信息。要求：80词左右；开头已给出，不计入总词数。 提示： 1. 姓名：Ludwig van Beethoven 2. 出生日期：1770年12月16日 3. 事迹：德国著名音乐家、钢琴家和作曲家（composer）；很小的时候显露了音乐上的才华；四岁就会弹奏钢琴；二十多岁的时候，开始丧失听力；一生创作了很多好听的音乐。 4.你的看法：……                                            A GREAT COMPOSER—BEETHOVEN     I read about Beethoven in an encyclopaedia yesterday. Now let me tell you something about him._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案第10页，共10页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 1 Encyclopaedias（B卷·培优卷） （时间：70分钟，满分：75分） 第1部分 选择题部分 一、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Spanish painter Pablo Picasso was a leader in Western art in the 20th century. No painter before him had enjoyed such a 1 number of followers in his own lifetime. Born on Oct 25, 1881, Picasso had 2 more than 20, 000 paintings, drawings, sculptures and other pieces of art by the time he died at 91. That’s a long time to paint! People often list eight different 3 in the course of his painting career. Over a century ago, he once said, “Every act of creation is first of all an act of destruction (破坏).” So the eight periods are all very 4 in their choice of subjects and yet unmistakably drawn by Picasso’s hands. As his style 5 over time, it became more minimalist (极简风格的). A common joke is that Picasso forgot how to paint. 6 , he was classically trained at the School of Fine Arts in Barcelona. Now he is best known for 7 an artistic movement known as “Cubism (立体主义)”. It used shapes to create human and animal figures. With this 8 , Picasso tried to show his figures from multiple perspectives (多维视角) in 2 D space. For example, a person’s left eye may be shown from straight ahead while his right eye and nose are shown from the side. The result is 9 and beautiful, frightening and funny. Picasso often said that he admired the drawings made by children. “When I was their age, I could draw like Raphael, but it took me a lifetime to learn to draw like them (children),” he said. Maybe that’s 10 Picasso is still so popular. We look at his work and think, “Maybe I could do that!” 1．A．small B．large C．low D．high 2．A．written B．composed C．created D．connected 3．A．periods B．kinds C．times D．styles 4．A．exciting B．relaxing C．interesting D．different 5．A．began B．changed C．grew D．shone 6．A．After all B．Above all C．In all D．At all 7．A．fixing B．dividing C．leading D．guarding 8．A．help B．dream C．connection D．method 9．A．strange B．natural C．common D．simple 10．A．how B．why C．when D．where 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了20世纪西方艺术的领军人物西班牙画家巴勃罗•毕加索。他是一名多产的画家，他的画作有着独特的风格，他领导了“立体派”艺术运动。 1．句意：在他之前，没有一个画家在他有生之年拥有如此多的追随者。 small小的；large大的；low低的；high高的。根据上文“Spanish painter Pablo Picasso was a leader in Western art in the 20th century.”可知，毕加索是20世纪西方美术界的领军人物，所以他的追随者众多；结合语境和备选词可知，此处考查a large number of“大量的”，固定搭配；选项B“大的”符合语境。故选B。 2．句意：毕加索出生于1881年10月25日，在他91岁去世之前，他创作了2万多幅油画、素描、雕塑和其他艺术品。 written写；composed作曲；created创作；connected联接。结合下文“more than 20, 000 paintings, drawings, sculptures and other pieces of art”和备选词汇可知，此处是指毕加索创作了2万多幅作品；选项C“创作”符合语境。故选C。 3．句意：人们常把他的绘画生涯分为八个不同的时期。 periods时期；kinds种类；times次数；styles风格。根据下文“So the eight periods are all very… in their choice of subjects and yet unmistakably drawn by Picasso’s hands.”可知，此处是指他的绘画生涯分为八个不同的时期；选项A“时期”符合语境。故选A。 4．句意：因此，这八个时期在主题的选择上都非常不同，但毫无疑问是毕加索亲手绘制的。 exciting令人兴奋的；relaxing令人轻松的；interesting有趣的；different不同的。结合上文“Every act of creation is first of all an act of destruction.”和备选词汇可知，每一次创造首先都是一次破坏，说明每一次选择的主题并不一样；选项D“不同的”符合语境。故选D。 5．句意：随着时间的推移，他的风格发生了变化，变得更加简约。 began开始；changed改变；grew成长；shone发光。结合备选项和“it became more minimalist”可知，此处是指他的绘画风格发生变化了；选项B“改变”符合语境。故选B。 6．句意：毕竟，他是在巴塞罗那美术学院接受的古典教育。 After all毕竟；Above all最重要的是；In all总共；At all根本，完全。根据下文“he was classically trained at the School of Fine Arts in Barcelona.”和备选词汇可知，因为毕加索绘画风格变得简约，人们笑话他不知道如何画画了，此处强调一个事实：毕竟他在巴塞罗那美术学院接受过古典艺术训练！表示他会画画，只不过风格改变了而已；选项A“毕竟”符合语境。故选A。 7．句意：现在，他最出名的是引领了一场被称为“立体主义”的艺术运动。 fixing修理；dividing分开；leading引领；guarding守卫。根据下文“Picasso tried to show his figures from multiple perspectives in 2 D space.”可知，毕加索试图在二维空间中从多个角度展示他的人物，说明他开创了“立体主义”艺术，走在了前列；选项C“引领”符合语境。故选C。 8．句意：通过这种方法，毕加索试图在二维空间中从多个角度展示他的人物。 help帮助；dream梦想；connection联系；method方法。根据上文“It used shapes to create human and animal figures.”可知，“立体主义”是用形状来创造人类和动物的形象，此处是指绘画的方法与技巧；选项D“方法”符合语境。故选D。 9．句意：结果是奇怪而美丽，可怕而有趣。 strange奇怪的；natural自然的；common共同的；simple简单的。根据上文“For example, a person’s left eye may be shown from straight ahead while his right eye and nose are shown from the side.”可知，一个人的左眼可以从正前方显示，而右眼和鼻子可以从侧面显示，这样的绘画手法是很独特的、奇怪的；选项A“奇怪的”符合语境。故选A。 10．句意：也许这就是毕加索仍然如此受欢迎的原因。 how怎样；why为什么；when何时；where在哪里。根据上文“When I was their age, I could draw like Raphael, but it took me a lifetime to learn to draw like them (children),”可知，毕加索小时候就可以画得像拉斐尔一样，但他花了一辈子时间才学会像孩子们一样画画，这是解释了为什么迄今毕加索仍然如此受欢迎的原因；选项B“为什么”符合语境。故选B。 2、 阅读理解 （共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从11～25各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The book Compendium of Materia Medica, whose author called Li Shizhen, was highly praised by Darwin as the encyclopedia of ancient China. Born into a medical family, Li began to read some medical classics, and sometimes went together with his father treating diseases when he was a child. But at that time, people looked down upon doctors, so his father didn't hope the son would take medicine as his career, and asked him to take the road of imperial examinations (科举). For that purpose, he took Gu Riyan as his teacher, who had a lot of books in his home so that Li had a chance to read many rare classics. At the age of 17, 20 and 23, he went to take the country examination, but failed each time. Then he gave up the imperial examination and followed his father to learn medicine. He not only took in experience from others in medical treatment but also showed great talents in creativity. Li was highly praised for his sympathy for the patients and finest medical skills in just a few years. Especially, with his curing of a strange disease called "Worm addiction", he was titled "Fengcizheng" and then employed as "Yuanpan". However, he was not interested in it, and left after working only for a little more than one year. In his medical practice, Li found many mistakes in the books of medicines. Feeling it was a great problem, he decided to write a new book on medicines all over again. From the age of 34, he started this project. In addition to summing-up of earlier people's experience and achievement, he also learned widely from medical farmers, fishermen and other laboring people. He planted some medical herbs himself, tried them on his own body, so as to get the right knowledge of them. Through 27 years' hard efforts, he completed his great work, Compendium of Materia Medica, at his age of 60, at last. 11．Why didn't Li take doctor as his career at his young age? A．Because he passed imperial examinations. B．Because he wanted to write his famous book. C．Because doctors couldn't earn a lot of money. D．Because doctors were not respected by people. 12．How many time did he take the country examination? A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5. 13．What is true about the book Compendium of Materia Medica? A．It was written to show his great ability in creativity. B．It was written as the encyclopedia of ancient China. C．It was the first medicine book ever written in Ming Dynasty. D．It was written after many visits to people and test of the medicine. 14．In what order did the following event take place about Li? a. He gave up the imperial examination. b. He learned from all kinds of laboring people. c. He read many books in his teacher's home. d. He gave up working as "Yuanpan". e. He made up his mind to write a new book. A．c-a-d-e-b B．c-a-d-b-e C．d-c-a-b-e D．d-a-c-e-b 15．Which of the following best describes Li Shizhen? A．Talented and interesting. B．Skilled but impatient. C．Brave and hardworking. D．Kind but uneducated. 【答案】11．D 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C 【分析】文章是一篇说明文。讲述了李时珍是在怎样的生活环境中创作出《本草纲目》的。 11．细节理解题。根据第二段“But at that time, people looked down upon doctors, so his father didn't hope the son would take medicine as his career, and asked him to take the road of imperial examinations (科举).”可知在李时珍的时代，医者被人看不起，所以他走科举之路。故选D。 12．细节理解题。根据第三段“At the age of 17, 20 and 23, he went to take the country examination, but failed each time.”可知李时珍在17、20和23岁时都参加了科举考试，共计3次，但都失败了。故选B 13．细节理解题。根据最后一段“he also learned widely from medical farmers, fishermen and other laboring people. He planted some medical herbs himself, tried them on his own body, so as to get the right knowledge of them. ”可知李时珍是在拜访劳动人民以及亲自测试药物后才写医术的。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“For that purpose, he took Gu Riyan as his teacher, who had a lot of books in his home so that Li had a chance to read many rare classics.”可知他在老师家读了很多书；根据第三段“Then he gave up the imperial examination”可知他放弃了科举考试；根据第三段后部分“then employed as "Yuanpan". However, he was not interested in it, and left after working only for a little more than one year.”可知他被聘为“院判”，但他只做了一年就放弃了；根据最后一段第一句“In his medical practice, Li found many mistakes in the books of medicines. Feeling it was a great problem, he decided to write a new book on medicines all over again.”可知因为发现现存药书中的错误，他决定再次写一本关于药物的新书。根据最后一段“he also learned widely from medical farmers, fishermen and other laboring people.”可知为了写书，他向劳动人民请教。因此，他先是打算科举，在老师家读书（c）；然后科举考试多次失败进而放弃读书（a）；之后学医被聘为院判但是不久后放弃（d）；再后来因为发现医术错误决定自己编写（e）；最后为了写书向劳动人民请教（b）。顺序为c-a-d-e-b。故选A。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Through 27 years' hard efforts, he completed his great work, Compendium of Materia Medica, at his age of 60, at last.”可知李时珍经过27年的艰苦努力，终于在60岁的时候完成了他的伟大著作《本草纲目》。由此推知他勇敢而努力。故选C。 B Do encyclopedias know everything? Long before Wikipedia (维基百科) or Encyclopedia Britannica (大英百科全书), there was Pliny the Elder. He was a first-century Roman researcher. His assistants read to him while he ate dinner and while he bathed. All the while, Pliny took notes. He even considered walking a waste of time. His assistants carried him around Rome in a chair while he read. All of this was done in preparation for his Historia Naturalis. The book was published in A．D．77. It is considered the oldest surviving (现存的) encyclopedia on Earth. There are 2,500 chapters. They cover everything from mice to Mars. “No Roman author has completed such a project,” Pliny proudly declared. Unluckily, two years after having published the encyclopedia, he died in a natural disaster. Accidents can hardly be avoided. However, they can be recorded. Editors (编辑) of encyclopedias, like Pliny, organize the knowledge of our world. Like a valuable gift, the books are passed down through the ages. They begin their lives as a tool and end them as a historical record. Therefore, in my opinion, an encyclopedia is not just a record of what its editors know, it’s also a record of what they don’t know. Pliny was wrong when he said there were seven planets, including the Sun and the Moon. He was wrong, too, when he said Africans were black from being burnt by the Sun. After all, Historia Naturalis is a book edited by a Roman thousands of years ago. It contained all of the things he truly knew at the time. Similarly, I believe both Wikipedia and Encyclopedia Britannica have some inaccurate (不准确的) information. Even the biggest encyclopedias only represent what their editors know. “The task of editing an encyclopedia can never be completed,” said Roger Lewinter, an American researcher. Encyclopedias can’t record all of human knowledge but just some of it. They are always waiting for someone—you, perhaps—to improve them. 16．According to the article, before Pliny the Elder completed Historia Naturalis, ________. A．nobody knew what Mars was B．there was no encyclopedia on Earth C．nobody had considered walking a waste of time D．no Roman author had completed an encyclopedia 17．The underlined word “declared” (in Paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to “________”. A．made B．said C．created D．took 18．When did Pliny the Elder die in a natural disaster? A．In A．D．79. B．In A．D．77. C．In A．D．75. D．In 77 B．C． 19．According to the article, which of the following statements can we find in Hitoria Naturalis? A．Among all the continents, Africa is the farthest from the Sun. B．There are many mice in Africa. C．The Sun is a planet. D．Mars is not a planet. 20．The author of this article expects his readers to ________. A．improve an encyclopedia B．find all the mistakes in Historia Naturalis. C．complete the task of editing an encyclopedia D．take a look at the world’s biggest encyclopedia 【答案】16．D 17．B 18．A 19．C 20．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了Pliny创作《博物志》的过程和这本百科全书的重要价值，同时也指出，在这些百科全书里面，由于当时的一些知识盲点，存在一些错误的内容，呼吁有读者来完善这些错误。 16．细节理解题。根据“No Roman author has completed such a project”可知，之前没有罗马作者完成过百科全书，故选D。 17．词义猜测题。根据“No Roman author has completed such a project”可知这是Pliny说出来的话，declared与said意思相近。故选B。 18．推理判断题。根据“The book was published in A.D. 77.”及“Unluckily, two years after having published the encyclopedia, he died in a natural disaster.”可知，书籍出版于公元77年，Pliny死于出版的两年后，也就是公元79年。故选A。 19．细节理解题。根据“Pliny was wrong when he said there were seven planets, including the Sun and the Moon.”可知Pliny在《博物志》一书中提到太阳是一个行星。故选C。 20．细节理解题。根据“They are always waiting for someone—you, perhaps—to improve them.”可知，作者希望有读者能够来完善这些百科全书不足的地方。故选A。 C People often think of the North Pole (北极) and the South Pole as similar frozen (冰冻的) wastelands. They are both places with very cold temperatures and few people live there. However, the North and South Poles are not much alike as people may imagine. The North Pole has no land, only thick ice. Temperatures seldom go above 32°F, at which water turns into ice. Most of the time, it stays below zero. In winter temperatures are usually as low as -30°F. Although conditions were very poor, people tried for many centuries to reach the North Pole. About 100 years ago, two men, Robert Peary and Mathew Henson, were able to get to this environment full of troubles and difficulties. They reached the North Pole on March 8th, 1909. It was really a hard trip for them. There are few things more dangerous than crossing the Arctic (北极圈) on foot. People who stayed there may face many problems: very cold temperatures, sudden storms, and even hunger. Most of the area is uninhabited. Few people can live in such a difficult place. People might think that with such low temperatures for most of the year, the ice would be thick and hard. However, this is not true in the Arctic. The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many different changes on the surface. Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water (水道) called “leads”. Anyone who falls into a lead can be frozen to death in a few minutes. 21．This passage is probably from ________. A．a book review B．a computer magazine C．a school report D．a science book 22．According to the passage, what happened about 100 years ago? A．Two men succeeded in getting to the North Pole. B．Temperatures in the North Pole went above 32°F. C．The environment in the North Pole suddenly became worse. D．The North Pole changed into thick ice because of the temperatures. 23．What does the underlined word “uninhabited” probably mean in Chinese? A．气候恶劣的 B．充满危险的 C．困难重重的 D．无人居住的 24．What problems will people face when crossing the Arctic ? ①low temperatures        ②without water             ③sudden storms ④hunger                ⑤the movement of the ocean water A．①②③④⑤ B．①③④⑤ C．①②④⑤ D．②③④⑤ 25．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．The thick ice in the North Pole. B．A difficult trip to the North Pole. C．The real situation in the North Pole. D．The differences between the North Pole and the South Pole. 【答案】21．D 22．A 23．D 24．B 25．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北极的相关内容。 21．信息来源题。根据“However, the North and South Poles are not much alike as people may imagine.”可知，南北极并不像人们想象的那样相似，结合下文主要介绍了北极相关内容，所以文章属于自然科普类。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据“About 100 years ago, two men...They reached the North Pole on March 8th, 1909.”可知，大约100年前，两个人成功地到达了北极。故选A。 23．词义猜测题。根据“Most of the area is uninhabited. Few people can live in such a difficult place.”可知，很少有人生活在这么艰难困苦的地方，所以说大部分的区域都是无人居住的。故选D。 24．细节理解题。根据“People who stayed there may face many problems: very cold temperatures, sudden storms, and even hunger; The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many different changes on the surface.”可知，人们在北极需要面对的问题有：寒冷的气温、突如其来的风暴、饥饿和海水在冰下的运动。题干①③④⑤符合原文内容，故选B。 25．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段可知，北极没有陆地，只有厚厚的冰，温度常年在零度以下，接下来文章又介绍了人类穿越北极以及北极的危险等， 所以全文旨在讲述“北极的真实情况”。故选C。 三、阅读还原（本题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的A-F选项中，选出5个适当的选项补全短文。 Everyone enjoys music. But do you know it can improve the lives of sick kids? 26 In fact, music has changed the world a lot. In Australia, a scientist Catherine, has made a music program. 27 “Music can make you happy, music can make you sad, music can make you relaxed and take away any stress,” said Catherine. For thousands of years people has believed that music has a great effect on both the mind and the body, but it was only about 70 years ago that scientists began to study its medical benefits (益处). 28 Since then, people has used music to help patients. It’s even been used to help kids in schools get better marks because it allows them to relax and pay more attention. Now music is being used in a special program called Music Therapy (疗法). 29 It includes listening to music, playing instruments, singing, song writing and other games. Sophia is 11. She got cancer five months ago, but playing music, learning new songs and singing have become part of her life. She said, “It takes my mind off feeling sick. While I am listening to music, it tells me not to give up hope. 30 ” It seems that a few minutes of music a day can help keep the doctor away! A．It helps people improve their quality of life in different ways by using music. B．So soon music became popular all over the world. C．It feels like my life will soon turn around and I’ll be strong again. D．A famous musician once said music could change the world! E．They found that playing music in hospitals helped sick soldiers feel better. F．The program has been putting smiles on the faces of kids in hospitals across the country. 【答案】26．D 27．F 28．E 29．A 30．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了音乐的力量。 26．根据“In fact, music has changed the world a lot.”可知，此处描述音乐可以改变世界，选项D“一位著名的音乐家曾经说过音乐可以改变世界！”符合语境。故选D。 27．根据“In Australia, a scientist Catherine, has made a music program.”可知，此处应该与这个音乐项目有关，选项F“这个项目让全国各地医院里的孩子们脸上露出了笑容。”符合语境。故选F。 28．根据“Since then, people has used music to help patients.”可知，此处描述音乐对于病人的好处，选项E“他们发现在医院里播放音乐可以帮助生病的士兵感觉更好。”符合语境。故选E。 29．根据“It includes listening to music, playing instruments, singing, song writing and other games.”可知，此处描述音乐疗法的作用，选项A“它通过使用音乐以不同的方式帮助人们提高生活质量。”符合语境。故选A。 30．根据“It takes my mind off feeling sick. While I am listening to music, it tells me not to give up hope.”可知，此处描述音乐给小女孩带来的好处，选项C“感觉我的生活很快就会好转，我将再次坚强起来。”符合语境。故选C。 四、阅读匹配（本题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 下面的材料A—F 分别介绍了六条百科知识，请根据Tony, David, Emma , Peter和Lily 五位同学的情况，帮助他们选出最想知道的信息，将其标号填入题前括号内。 31 Tony is listening to a song about Huangguoshu Waterfall. He wants to learn about some other famous waterfalls in the world. 32 David has just read an article about the hottest habitat on Earth. He’s going to find out where the coldest one is. 33 Emma is a middle school student from Sudan. She is writing a report about the father of African rivers. 34 Peter knows that Taklamakan Desert is the largest desert in China. Now he wants to know which one is the largest in the world. 35 Lily has an interesting picture. In the picture, a man is reading a book while lying in the sea. She wants to know why. A．Oymyakon is a small village in Russia. It’s the coldest habitat（居住地） on Earth. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Oymyakon was ﹣71. 2℃. B．The Dead Sea isn’t a sea but a saltwater lake. It’s 76 kilometers long, up to 18 kilometers wide and 400 meters deep at its deepest point. It is over 25% salt, so people can float in it very easily. C． Huzhong District , Dahinggan, northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province is one of the coldest places in China. The annual average （年平均的） temperature there is ﹣4. 3℃, and the lowest temperature in history was ﹣53. 2℃. D．The Angel Falls is the world’s highest free﹣falling waterfall at 979 meters. An American pilot named James Crawford Angel first saw the Angel Falls in Venezuela in 1933. It was then named after him. E. The Nile is a river in northeast Africa. It’s the longest river in the world. The Blue Nile and the White Nile meet in Khartoum, Sudan. And from there they move on their long journey towards the Mediterranean Sea. F. The Sahara Desert in northern Africa is the largest desert in the world. It’s more than 16 times the size of France. It’s hot and dry all year round. 【答案】31．D 32．A 33．E 34．F 35．B 【导语】本文介绍了五位同学的知识需求，以及六个百科知识。 31． 根据“He wants to learn about some other famous waterfalls in the world. （他想更多地了解世界上其它著名的瀑布。）”可知D选项”The Angel Falls是世界上最高的自由落体瀑布，有979米高。一位叫James Crawford Angel的美国飞行员在1933年第一次在委内瑞拉见到the Angel Falls。之后以他名字命名。”符合题意。故选D。 32．根据“He’s going to find out where the coldest one is. （他打算去找出最冷的居住地在哪里。）”可知A选项“Oymyakon是俄罗斯的一个小村庄。它是地球上最冷的居住地。有记载的最低温度是零下72度。”符合题意。故选A。 33．根据“She is writing a report about the father of African rivers. （她正在写一篇关于非洲河流之父的报告。）”可知E选项“The Nile在非洲东北部。是世界上最长的河。The Blue Nile和the White Nile在苏丹喀土穆汇合。在那儿它们开始了流向地中海的漫长旅程。”符合题意。故选E。 34．根据“Now he wants to know which one is the largest in the world. （现在他想知道世界上最大的沙漠是哪个。）”可知F选项“非洲北部的The Sahara Desert是世界上最大的沙漠。是法国的16倍大。全年又热又干燥。”符合题意。故选F。 35．根据“In the picture, a man is reading a book while lying in the sea. （图片中一个男人正躺在海里读书。）”可知B选项“The Dead Sea不是海而是盐湖。长约76公里，近18公里宽，最深处有400米。超过25%是盐，所以人们可以很容易在湖上漂浮。”符合题意。故选B。 第二部分 非选择题部分 五、语法填空 （本题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 There are many beautiful bridges in the world. Two of them are more than 1, 000 years old and really worth 36 (visit)! The first one is the Zhaozhou Bridge in China. It is famous 37 its design and shape. Its design is very special and clever. The bridge is 50 meters long and 10 meters high with 28 arches. There are no nails 38 cement (水泥) in the bridge, only stones. The stones have different shapes and sizes so they fit together 39 (perfect). So far, it 40 (experience) many natural disasters, such as floods and earthquakes throughout history, but it is still there. Its shape is like 41 smile which means good luck. The 42 (two) one is the Arkadiko Bridge in Greece. It is about 22 meters long and 5 meters wide. This bridge seems much 43 (small). It is less wide for more people 44 (walk) on it, however, it was the only way people could cross the river in the past. Every year, many 45 (tour) visit the two bridges and take photos. These two bridges are not only important parts of the World Cultural Heritage but also symbols of human wisdom and creativity. 【答案】 36．visiting 37．for 38．or 39．perfectly 40．has experienced 41．a 42．second 43．smaller 44．to walk 45．tourists 【导语】本文主要介绍了赵州桥和Arkadiko桥两座世界上最值得参观的桥。 36．句意：其中两座有1000多年的历史，真地值得参观！worth doing sth.“值得做某事”，故填visiting。 37．句意：它以它的设计和形状而闻名。be famous for意为“因……而闻名”，故填for。 38．句意：桥上没有钉子和水泥，只有石头。根据“There are no nails…cement (水泥) in the bridge, only stones.”可知桥上没有钉子或水泥，只有石头，因此用or“或”符合题意。故填or。 39．句意：这些石头有不同的形状和大小，所以它们能非常完美放在一起。空格部分用副词修饰动词fit。故填perfectly。 40．句意：迄今为止，它经历了许多自然灾害，例如历史上的洪水和地震，但它仍然存在。根据“So far”可知，用have/has done结构，主语是it，因此是has，故填has experienced。 41．句意：它的形状像微笑，意味着好运。此空表泛指，smile是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此填冠词a符合题意。故填a。 42．句意：第二个是希腊的Arkadiko桥。此空用序数词second修饰空后的名词one，one指代的是bridge，故填second。 43．句意：这座桥看起来小多了。空前是much，much修饰形容词small的比较级。故填smaller。 44．句意：它不太宽，让更多的人在上面行走，然而，在过去，这是人们过河的唯一途径。it is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.意为“对某人来说做某事怎么样”。故填to walk。 45．句意：每年都有许多游客参观这两座桥并拍照。many后面跟名词复数，因此需用tourists表示“游客”，故填tourists。 六、书面表达（15分） 46．假设你对贝多芬很感兴趣，并通过阅读百科全书了解他的事迹。请你根据所给的提示以“A great composer—Beethoven”为题，向你的同学们介绍贝多芬的有关信息。要求：80词左右；开头已给出，不计入总词数。 提示： 1. 姓名：Ludwig van Beethoven 2. 出生日期：1770年12月16日 3. 事迹：德国著名音乐家、钢琴家和作曲家（composer）；很小的时候显露了音乐上的才华；四岁就会弹奏钢琴；二十多岁的时候，开始丧失听力；一生创作了很多好听的音乐。 4.你的看法：……                                            A GREAT COMPOSER—BEETHOVEN     I read about Beethoven in an encyclopaedia yesterday. Now let me tell you something about him._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 A GREAT COMPOSER—BEETHOVEN I read about Beethoven in an encyclopaedia yesterday. Now let me tell you something about him. Ludwig van Beethoven was a famous German musician, pianist and composer. He was born on December 16, 1770. He showed great talent in music from an early age. He could play the piano when he was only four. When he was in his twenties, he began to lose his hearing. But he didn’t give up. He created lots of beautiful music in his life. I think Beethoven was a great person. We all should learn from him and never give up hope when we meet difficulties. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇记叙文； ②时态：时态为“一般过去时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，注意时态，在讲述贝多芬人生经历时，时态要使用一般过去时。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作意图。用自己的一个阅读经历，引出重点介绍的内容； 第二步，具体阐述写作内容。按照时间先后顺序，讲述贝多芬的人生经历； 第三步，书写结语。评价贝多芬并弘扬其伟大的精神。 [亮点词汇] ①be born 出生 ②an early age 幼年 ③lots of 许多 ④learn from 向……学习 [高分句型] ①I think Beethoven was a great person.（省略that的宾语从句） ②We all should learn from him and never give up hope when we meet difficulties.（when引导的时间状语从句） 答案第10页，共10页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$