Unit 1 Encyclopaedias【A卷·提升卷】-2024-2025学年八年级英语上册单元速记·巧练（广州专用，沪教牛津版）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 1 Encyclopaedias（A卷·提升卷） （时间：100分钟，满分：90分） 第一部分 选择题部分 一、语法选择(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1～15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 Who 1 the first helicopter? Who painted one of 2 pictures in the world? Who knew more about the human body than most people? There is an answer 3 all these questions — Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo may have been the greatest genius in the world. He was 4 Italian painter, inventor, and scientist around the year 1,500, but many of his 5 looked modern to us today. For example, one of his notebooks has drawings of a helicopter. Of course, he couldn’t 6 a helicopter with the things he had. Scientists say his idea was great. 7 , Leonardo wasn’t just an inventor. He was one of the greatest artists of his day. By the time he was twenty years old, people called him a master (大师) painter. 8 he got older, he became 9 more famous. Many of Leonardo’s excellent paintings are still with 10 today.You may know one of his most famous paintings the 11 woman — Mona Lisa. It was painted sometime between 1503 12 1519,when Leonardo was living in Florence, and it now hangs in the Louvre Museum, which has as a backdrop a distant landscape. Every year, 13 visitors go to the museum and appreciate the painting. It is 14 precious that it is well protected. However, the painting was stolen on August 21st, 1911. Since then, the museum has ordered more guards 15 it. 1．A．design B．designs C．designed D．designing 2．A．famous B．more famous C．most famous D．the most famous 3．A．to B．of C．for D．from 4．A．a B．the C．an D．/ 5．A．invention B．inventions C．invent D．invented 6．A．makes B．to make C．made D．make 7．A．However B．But C．Or D．Because 8．A．Before B．Since C．As D．After 9．A．very B．much C．hardly D．little 10．A．we B．us C．our D．ours 11．A．smile B．smiled C．smiling D．smiles 12．A．and B．to C．in D．into 13．A．a million of B．million of C．millions of D．a millions of 14．A．very B．so C．quite D．such 15．A．protected B．to protect C．protect D．protecting 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．B 【导语】本文介绍了意大利画家、发明家和科学家——列奥纳多·达·芬奇。 1．句意：谁设计了第一架直升机？ design设计，原形；designs三单形式；designed过去式/过去分词；designed现在分词。根据“the first helicopter”及语境可知，时态是一般过去时，所以空处用动词的过去式，故选C。 2．句意：谁画了世界上著名的画之一？ famous著名的；more famous更著名的；most famous最著名的；the most famous最著名的，定冠词the+最高级。本句是固定句型one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词“最……之一”，故选D。 3．句意：所有这些问题都有一个答案——列奥纳多·达·芬奇·达·芬奇。 to属于，归于；of……的；for为了；from从。 根据“an answer...all these questions”可知，此处指问题的答案，用介词to，故选A。 4．句意：他是公元1500年左右的意大利画家、发明家和科学家，但是他的许多发明在今天看来都很现代。 a不定冠词，表泛指，修饰以辅音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特质；an不定冠词，表泛指，修饰以元音音素开头的单词前；/不填。空处表示泛指，且空后Italian首字母发元音音素，所以用不定冠词an修饰，故选C。 5．句意：他是公元1500年左右的意大利画家、发明家和科学家，但是他的许多发明在今天看来都很现代。 invention发明，单数名词；inventions发明，复数名词；invent发明，动词原形；invented发明，过去式/过去分词。many of后跟名词复数，故选B。 6．句意：当然，他不可能用他现有的东西造一架直升机。 makes制造，三单形式；to make不定式；made过去式；make原形。 情态动词couldn’t后跟动词原形，故选D。 7．句意：然而，列奥纳多不仅仅是一位发明家。 However然而；But但是；Or或者；Because因为。 空前空后在句意上是转折关系，且空后有逗号，所以空处用however，故选A。 8．句意：随着年龄的增长，他变得更加有名了。 Before在……以前；Since自从；As随着；After在……以后。根据“...he got older, he became...more famous.”可知，应是随着年龄的增长变得更有名了，故选C。 9．句意：随着年龄的增长，他变得更加有名了。 very非常；much很多；hardly几乎不；little 一点儿。 空处修饰比较级more famous，所以用much，故选B。 10．句意：列奥纳多的许多优秀画作至今仍与我们同在。 we我们，主格；us我们，宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ours我们的，名词性物主代词。 介词with后跟宾格作宾语，故选B。 11．句意：你可能知道他最著名的画作之一一位微笑的女人——《蒙娜丽莎》。 smile微笑，原形；smiled过去式/过去分词；smiling微笑的；smiles三单形式。空处作定语修饰名词woman，指“微笑的女人”，所以用形容词smiling。故选C。 12．句意：这幅画创作于1503年至1519年之间，当时达·芬奇住在佛罗伦萨，现在挂在卢浮宫博物馆，背景是远处的风景。 and和；to到；in在……里；into到……里面。between...and...“……和……之间”，故选A。 13．句意：每年，数以百万计的游客去博物馆欣赏这幅画。 a million of ……的一百万；million of错误表达；millions of数百万；a millions of错误表达。空后是复数名词visitors，此处表示游客的数量，所以用millions of，故选C。 14．句意：它是如此珍贵，以至于受到很好的保护。 very非常；so如此，修饰形容词/副词；quite很，相当；such这么，修饰名词。 根据“...precious that it is well protected.”可知，本句是so+形容词+that从句，表示“如此……以至于……”，故选B。 15．句意：从那时起，博物馆已经下令更多的警卫来保护它。 protected保护，过去式；to protect不定式；protect原形；protecting现在分词/动名词。“ordered more guards”的目的是为了“保护它”，所以空处用动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。 二、完形填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从16～25各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。 During the Qingming Festival, Ann and her parents went back to their hometown. Ann knew nothing about the Qingming Festival. So she 16 her mother to buy her an encyclopaedia about 17 . Here’s an article about the Qingming Festival. The Qingming Festivalis in April. It’s really a good time for people to go outside and enjoy the 18 scenery of springtime and go to the graves (墓) of beloved ones. Since 2008, the Qingming Festival has been a 19 holiday in China. The holiday is also called Tomb Sweeping Day in English, because people will go to the tombs and clean them on this day. Along the River Duing the Qingming Festival is a famous 20 about this festival. It was drawn by Zhang Zeduan. People also 21 many poems about the Qingming Festival. Among them, the most 22 one may be Du Mu’s poem Qingming. After reading the article, Ann 23 the Qingming Festival better. Besides this, Ann also read the articles about other festivals, such as the Spring Festival, May Day and the National Day. She learned a lot from this encyclopaedia. When Ann came back to school, she shared the experience with her 24 . And they have also found some meaningful things about the festival. They decided to study 25 and respect the old. 16．A．helped B．found C．asked D．introduced 17．A．animals B．festivals C．seasons D．plants 18．A．local B．beautiful C．empty D．expensive 19．A．practical B．secret C．public D．valuable 20．A．painting B．music C．book D．magazine 21．A．wrote B．sang C．laid D．heard 22．A．careful B．famous C．helpful D．boring 23．A．felt about B．talked about C．knew about D．cared about 24．A．parents B．classmates C．drivers D．sisters 25．A．quietly B．hard C．slowly D．quickly 【答案】 16．C 17．B 18．B 19．C 20．A 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．B 25．B 【导语】本文讲述了清明节期间，安和父母回老家，安对清明节一无所知，于是母亲给她买了一本关于节日的百科全书。这是一篇关于清明节的文章，除此之外，她还读了其他节日的文章，如春节、五一节和国庆节。 16．句意：于是她让妈妈给她买一本关于节日的百科全书。 helped帮助；found发现；asked问；introduced介绍。根据“So she...her mother to buy her an encyclopaedia”可知，安让妈妈给她买一本百科全书，故选C。 17．句意：于是她让妈妈给她买一本关于节日的百科全书。 animals动物；festivals节日；seasons季节；plants植物。根据“Here’s an article about the Qingming Festival.”可知，是关于节日的，故选B。 18．句意：对于人们来说，这真的是一个很好的时间去户外，享受春天美丽的风景，去亲人的坟墓。 local当地的；beautiful美丽的；empty空的；expensive昂贵的。根据“enjoy the...scenery of springtime”可知，是欣赏美丽的风景，故选B。 19．句意：自2008年以来，清明节成为中国的公共节日。 practical实际的；secret秘密的；public公共的；valuable有价值的。根据“Since 2008, the Qingming Festival has been a...holiday in China.”可知，2008年以来清明节成为中国的公共节日，故选C。 20．句意：《清明上河图》是一幅关于清明节的名画。 painting绘画；music音乐；book书；magazine杂志。根据“Along the River Duing the Qingming Festival is a famous...about this festival.”可知，《清明上河图》是一幅画，故选A。 21．句意：人们还写了许多关于清明节的诗。 wrote写；sang唱歌；laid放；heard听见。根据“People also...many poems about the Qingming Festival.”可知，是写诗，故选A。 22．句意：其中最著名的要数杜牧的《清明》了。 careful仔细的；famous出名的；helpful有帮助的；boring无聊的。根据“Among them, the most...one may be Du Mu’s poem Qingming.”可知，杜牧的《清明》很出名，故选B。 23．句意：看了这篇文章后，安对清明节有了更好的了解。 felt about摸索；talked about谈论；knew about了解；cared about关心。根据“After reading the article, Ann...the Qingming Festival better.”可知，读完文章，对清明更了解，故选C。 24．句意：当安回到学校后，她和同学们分享了这段经历。 parents父母；classmates同学；drivers司机；sisters姐妹。根据“When Ann came back to school, she shared the experience with her...”可知，回到学校，所以是跟同学分享，故选B。 25．句意：他们决定努力学习，尊重老人。 quietly安静地；hard努力地；slowly缓慢地；quickly迅速地。根据“They decided to study...and respect the old.”可知，是努力学习，故选B。 3、 阅读理解 (共两节，满分35分) 第1节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从26-40各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。 A “Why do I live? Why do I wish for anything, or do anything? Is there anything in my life that will not be destroyed by my death?” Like Leo Tolstoy (列夫·托尔斯泰), the famous Russian writer, many people ask these difficult questions. Tolstoy spent his whole life trying to answer these difficult questions. As a young man, he thought people could achieve perfection if they tried hard enough. So he worked very hard to be the best in everything. He thought that he would find meaning and truth in success. In 1850s, he wrote his first stories. He wrote about his life in the army. He also told stories about his childhood. These works were published and Tolstoy became a well-known writer. He earned the respect he always wanted. Many rich and smart men met and talked with Tolstoy. Some of them were writers like him. They talked a lot about faith and the meaning of life. But soon Tolstoy recognized that these men were not perfect. Now he knew they could not answer his questions about faith. So in the 1860s, Tolstoy tried a different way to find the meaning of life. He opened a school for the children of his serfs—the people who worked on his land. These workers were very poor. He wanted to help them because he thought they were more honest than the rich people he knew. Tolstoy learned a lot from his workers. He understood how they worked hard to support their families. He began to believe that marriage and family would give his life meaning. So in 1862, Leo Tolstoy married a young woman named Sonya Behrs. The next 15 years were the best years of Tolstoy’s life. It was during this time that he wrote his most famous books—War and Peace and Anna Karenina (《安娜·卡列尼娜》). Many experts say that War and Peace is one of the greatest books ever written. In these books, Tolstoy believed humans should live a simple life and take care of their families. Tolstoy thought this would satisfy him and bring him happiness. Leo Tolstoy is still a very respected writer today. His faith and writings have influenced many people all over the world. 26．Which is the correct order of the following events? ① Tolstoy served in the army.     ②Tolstoy got married. ③ Tolstoy wrote War and Peace.     ④Tolstoy opened a school. ⑤ Tolstoy became a well-known writer. A．①⑤③②④ B．⑤①③②④ C．①⑤④②③ D．⑤④①③② 27．Why did Tolstoy want to be the best in everything when he was young? A．To prepare for his books. B．To achieve perfection. C．To make a lot of money. D．To show his wisdom. 28．According to the passage, which of the following is the most important to Tolstoy? A．Family. B．Success. C．Wealth. D．Fame (名声). 29．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Leo Tolstoy: Living for writing. B．Leo Tolstoy: Influencing the world. C．Leo Tolstoy: Being the best in everything. D．Leo Tolstoy: Searching for the meaning of life. 【答案】26．C 27．B 28．A 29．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了著名的作家托尔斯泰的故事。 26．细节理解题。根据“He wrote about his life in the army”可知，他写了他在军队的生活，故他在军队服役，即①；根据“These works were published and Tolstoy became a well-known writer”可知，这些作品出版后，托尔斯泰成为了一位著名的作家，即⑤；根据“He opened a school for the children of his serfs”可知，他为农奴的孩子开办了一所学校，即④；根据“Leo Tolstoy married a young woman named Sonya Behrs”可知，托尔斯泰娶了一个叫索尼娅·贝尔斯的年轻女子，即②；根据“It was during this time that he wrote his most famous books—War and Peace...”可知，就是这段时间，他写了他最著名的书《战争与和平》，即③，所以顺序应该是①⑤④②③。故选C。 27．细节理解题。根据“As a young man, he thought people could achieve perfection if they tried hard enough. ”可知，他认为如果足够努力，人们可以达到完美，所以他年轻的时候就想在一切事情上都做到最好是为了追求完美。故选B。 28．推理判断题。根据“Tolstoy believed humans should live a simple life and take care of their families. Tolstoy thought this would satisfy him and bring him happiness”可知，托尔斯泰认为人类应该过简单的生活，照顾家庭。托尔斯泰认为这将满足他，给他带来幸福，故可推测出，家庭对他来说最重要。故选A。 29．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段开头的几个问题和“Tolstoy spent his whole life trying to answer these difficult questions”可知，托尔斯泰一生都在努力回答这些难题，故文章主要讲的是托尔斯泰毕生都在寻找生命的意义。故选D。 B So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species（物种）, but that is just a small number of what probably lives on Earth. With so many plants, animals, and other living things on the planet, it can be difficult to find out what kind of grass is growing by the roadside or what kind of birds just flew by. A soon-to-be-started website might help. Some scientists set up a web-based Encyclopaedia of Life (EOL). It wants to name every species on Earth and be a good guide for people. To get the encyclopaedia started, the scientists will use information in the scientific databases（数据库）. And finally, non-scientists with specialized（专业的）knowledge will come to help in the site. Bird-watchers, for example, will be able to input what birds they see and where they live. To make sure the encyclopaedia is right, scientists will check much of the information added to it. As the EOL develops, you might find it is useful for schools. The site will make some special pages for kids who are studying ecosystems（生态系统）in their neighborhoods. And the EOL is also helpful for you to choose whatever information you like. It takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to analyze species now. The scientists of the Encyclopaedia of Life hope the EOL will speed up that process. 30．What does the web-based EOL aim to do? A．To save all the plants. B．To work out the number of birds. C．To find out what covers the Earth. D．To name all the living things on Earth. 31．What is one of the characteristics（特点）of the EOL? A．It is set up by school students. B．It has been open to the public. C．It is about different types of grass and birds. D．It produces different kinds of information about species. 32．What does the underlined part “that process” refer to? A．Collecting data. B．Studying ecosystems. C．Creating a new way. D．Describing and analyzing species. 33．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．There are 1.8 million living species on earth. B．There are no non-scientists helping in the site. C．EOL is not useful for you to choose information. D．As the EOL develops, students might find it’s useful for them. 【答案】30．D 31．D 32．A 33．D 【导语】本文讲了一些科学家建立了基于网络的生命百科全书，详细地介绍了它的目的和一些信息。 30．细节理解题。根据“It wants to name every species on Earth and be a good guide for people.”可知EOL的目的是为地球上所有的生物命名。故选D。 31．推理判断题。根据“So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species, but that is just a small number of what probably lives on Earth. With so many plants, animals, and other living things on the planet, it can be difficult to find out what kind of grass is growing by the roadside or what kind of birds just flew by.”可知地球上有如此多的植物、动物和其他生物，很难知道路边长着什么样的草，或者刚刚飞过的是什么样的鸟，EOL可能会有所帮助，由此推出EOL提供了不同种类的物种信息。故选D。 32．词义猜测题。根据“It takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to analyze species now. The scientists of the Encyclopaedia of Life hope that EOL will speed up that process.”可知现在，科学家需要数年时间来收集分析物种所需的所有数据。生命百科全书的科学家们希望EOL能加快收集数据这一进程。可推出that process指代“收集数据”。故选A。 33．细节理解题。根据“As the EOL develops, you might find it is useful for schools.”可知随着EOL的发展，学生可能会发现它对他们很有用，D项正确。故选D。 C THE PLANT WORLD There are more than 400,000 kinds of plants on Earth. Some plants are as big as tall buildings; others are as small as rice. Plants are key parts of the food circle. They play an important part in the nature because they give out oxygen—the gas that all animals need for breathing. What is a plant? Most people have no difficulty finding the differences between an animal and a plant. That is because animals can move around, but plants can’t. What makes a plant a plant? Like animals, plants are living things that are made up of lots of cells (细胞). Unlike animals, plants make their own food by photosynthesis (光合作用). Most plants have roots, stems, and leaves, and most plants reproduce by growing flowers and making seeds. All plants need energy to stay alive and grow, and they get it from sunlight instead of food. How does a plant grow? Most animals grow in a certain way, and genes control their growth. That is to say, even when they are small, it’s easy to know what they will look like after they grow up. Plants are different. Their growth is controlled by genes too, but their final shape also depends on where they live. For example, a tree can be big and round if it grows up in an open space, but much taller and thinner if it grows in the woods with other trees all around. Plants are unable to move from one environment to another, so it is important that they are able to get used to the environment. 34．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1? A．Number of plants. B．Different sizes of plants. C．Importance of plants. D．Parts of plants. 35．What method does the author use to describe the plants in paragraph 2? A．By comparing. B．By giving examples. C．By giving numbers. D．By telling stories. 36．What can we know about plants from the passage? A．Flower and seed are the most important parts of a plant. B．Plants and animals grow in the same way. C．Only environment controls the plants’ growth. D．It’s important for the plants to get used to the environment. 37．Where can we most probably read the passage? A．In an advertisement. B．In a story book. C．In an encyclopaedia. D．In a poster. 【答案】34．D 35．A 36．D 37．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了植物世界的特点和生长方式。地球上有超过40万种植物，有些植物高大如建筑物，有些小如米粒。植物是食物链中的关键部分，通过光合作用释放氧气，对自然界起着重要作用。植物是由许多细胞组成的生物，通过光合作用自己制造食物。它们的生长受基因控制，但最终形态也受生长环境影响。植物无法移动到不同的环境，因此适应环境对它们非常重要。 34．细节理解题。根据第一段“There are more than 400,000 kinds of plants on Earth. Some plants are as big as tall buildings; others are as small as rice. Plants are key parts of the food circle. They play an important part in the nature because they give out oxygen—the gas that all animals need for breathing.”可知，第一段提到的了植物的数量，大小不同的植物，以及植物的重要性，没有提到植物的一部分。故选D。 35．细节理解题。根据第二段“Most people have no difficulty finding the differences between an animal and a plant. That is because animals can move around, but plants can’t. What makes a plant a plant? Like animals, plants are living things that are made up of lots of cells (细胞). Unlike animals, plants make their own food by photosynthesis (光合作用).”可知，第二段是通过与动物对比来描述植物的。故选A。 36．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Plants are unable to move from one environment to another, so it is important that they are able to get used to the environment.”可知，植物适应环境是很重要的。故选D。 37．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了植物世界的特点和生长方式，因此可在百科全书中读到该文章。故选C。 D The best time to visit… China China is a huge country, so it depends on where you go. The best time to visit is autumn. During that time, temperatures are pleasant wherever you are. If you don’t like hot weather, don’t come in summer. In Beijing, in summer, the average temperature is up to 30℃! Greece The best time to visit Greece is from April to June. If you like snow, go to the northwest of the country in winter. It’s great for skiing. If you just want to sit on a beach and enjoy the sunshine every day, then August is the perfect month. But, be careful! Temperatures are really high. In the southeast of Greece, it might be 30℃—35℃. South Africa South Africa has a pleasant climate with lovely warm sunny days most of the year. The summer is from November to February, and the weather is really hot during this time. In August, it’s winter and the weather is usually warm, except at night. South Africa has the world’s longest daily hours of sunshine. Australia Remember that it’s winter in Australia in July and August. The hottest months are from November to March. The best time to go is September or October. It’s warm enough to go to the beach. But this depends on which part of Australia you go to. It’s cool enough to tour around, and it’s not too rainy. If you prefer cold weather, go in August. 38．Which country has a pleasant climate most of the year? ________ A．China. B．South Africa. C．Greece. D．Australia. 39．If you are having a trip in Greece in August, the following things might be needed EXCEPT ________. A．a pair of sunglasses B．an umbrella C．a sweater D．a sunscreen cream 40．From the passage, we can know ________. A．when it is summer in South Africa, it is winter in Australia B．in autumn, the average temperature in Beijing is up to 30℃ C．the best time to go to Australia is September or October D．you can go skiing in the southeast of Greece 【答案】38．B 39．C 40．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了参观世界各地的一些著名的地方的最佳时间。 38．细节理解题。根据“South Africa has a pleasant climate with lovely warm sunny days most of the year.”可知，南非气候宜人，一年中大部分时间阳光明媚，天气温暖宜人。故选B。 39．细节理解题。根据“Greece...If you just want to sit on a beach and enjoy the sunshine every day, then August is the perfect month. But, be careful! Temperatures are really high.”可知，希腊的八月温度很高，因此去旅行不需要带毛衣。故选C。 40．细节理解题。根据“Australia...The best time to go is September or October.”可知，去澳大利亚的最好时间是九月或十月。故选C。 第2节 阅读填空（ 每小题1分，共5分） 阅读短文及文后选项，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，把答案写在答题卷相应的空格中。 Encyclopaedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》) used to be the king of encyclopaedias. It hopes to become the most important encyclopaedia again. 41 It moved to Chicago in 1935. In 1990, the company sold more than 100,000 sets of books. 42 Book sales dropped during the time of the Internet because people stopped getting information only from books. 43 Some online encyclopedias started in the early 21st century. It was the beginning of the end of Encyclopaedia Britannica books. Several years ago, the company stopped publishing the books. It put the whole encyclopaedia on the Internet. 44 One reason is that some online encyclopeadias have millions of articles, but Britannica has only 106,000. About half of Britannica’s articles are free while almost all of the articles on other online encyclopaedias are free. Still, some readers believe that Britannica’s articles are more trustworthy (值得信任的). 45 They make sure the articles are correct. The president of Britannica has a plan. He wants to offer all of the encyclopaedia online for free. The company hopes more people will read it. A．This was Britannica’s best year. B．They began getting it online as well. C．Britannica began in Scotland nearly 250 years ago. D．It’s said that each Britannica article is checked by experts. E．Sadly, Britannica online is not as popular as some other online encyclopeadias. 【答案】41．C 42．A 43．B 44．E 45．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了人们在不同时期阅读《大英百科全书》的方式。 41．根据“It moved to Chicago in 1935. In 1990, the company sold more than 100,000 sets of books.”可知此处介绍其历史，选项C“《大英百科全书》大约250年前始于苏格兰。”符合语境。故选C。 42．根据“In 1990, the company sold more than 100,000 sets of books.”可知在1990年销量很高，选项A“这是大英百科全书最好的一年。”符合语境，故选A。 43．根据“Some online encyclopedias started in the early 21st century. It was the beginning of the end of Encyclopaedia Britannica books.”可知此处提及在线百科全书及大英百科全书终结的开始，选项B“他们也开始把它放到网上。”符合语境，故选B。 44．根据“One reason is that some online encyclopeadias have millions of articles, but Britannica has only 106,000.”可知提及大英百科全书与其他百科全书的对比，选项E“遗憾的是，在线大英百科全书不像其他在线百科全书那样受欢迎。”符合语境，故选E。 45．根据“They make sure the articles are correct.”可知确保文章是正确的，应是有人检查，选项D“据说每篇大英百科全书的文章都由专家检查。”符合语境，故选D。 第二部分 非选择题 四、写作部分 第一节 语篇填词 每小题1分，共5分） 根据短文意思及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词，使其意思通顺、语法正确。(每空限填一词) Hua Xiaoying, 56, is the woman behind “Mammy Hua’s Pickles(泡菜)”. Hua was b 46 in a small village in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province. Because her family was poor, Hua had to drop out of middle school. H 47 , Hua didn’t give up studying. She taught herself while she worked to help her family. In 2015, several villagers opened a restaurant in Hua’s village. Hua was a cook in the restaurant. She offered her pickles for free to customers(顾客). To her surprise, a lot of customers liked her pickles, and many people e 48 wanted to buy some. In 2016, Hua started a workshop to make pickles. Making pickles isn’t easy. It i 49 more than 20 steps. Because of Hua’s hard work, now her pickles w 50 many people’s heart. Her workshop made more than one million yuan every year. Hua’s workshop has also provided many job opportunities (机会) for people is her village. 【答案】46．(b)orn 47．(H)owever 48．(e)specially 49．(i)ncludes 50．(w)in 【导语】本文主要介绍了华晓莹和她的泡菜。 46．句意：华出生在江西省瑞金市的一个小村庄。根据“Hua was…in a small village in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province.”可知，be born in表示“出生于”，固定词组。故填(b)orn。 47．句意：然而，华并没有放弃学习。根据“Because her family was poor, Hua had to drop out of middle school.”以及“Hua didn’t give up studying.”可知，此处表示转折，“however”表示“然而”。故填(H)owever。 48．句意：令她惊讶的是，许多顾客喜欢她的泡菜，许多人特别想买一些。根据“many people…wanted to buy some.”可知，此处用副词“especially”特别地修饰动词“wanted”。故填(e)specially。 49．句意：它包括20多个步骤。根据“It…more than 20 steps.”可知，“include”表示“包括”，时态是一般现在时，it后跟第三人称单数。故填(i)ncludes。 50．句意：因为华的努力，现在她的泡菜赢得了许多人的心。根据“Because of Hua’s hard work”可知，他们赢得的人心，“win”表示“赢得”，由“now”可知，句子的时态用一般现在时，主语是复数，因此此处用动词原形。故填(w)in。 第二节、完成句子 （ 每小题2分，共10分） 51．你父母住在城市还是住在乡下？ Do your parents live in the city or ? 【答案】 in the countryside 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“在乡下”，其英文表达为in the countryside，固定搭配。故填in；the；countryside。 52．我昨晚终于了解那台电脑怎么用的了。 I finally how to use that computer last night. 【答案】 found out 【详解】“了解”在此处表示“弄清楚”，用find out。根据“last night”可知用一般过去时，find的过去式found。故填found；out。 53．我也不知道这个词的意思，你可以在词典里查找。 I don’t know the meaning of this word either. You can in a dictionary. 【答案】 look it up 【详解】“查找”可用look up表示，此处用于情态动词后，所以使用动词原形即可；可用人称代词it代替前面出现的“this word”，用于“动词+副词”短语中，代词必须放中间。故填①look②it③up。 54．我2001年出生，现在15岁。 I 2001 and I’m 15 years old now. 【答案】 was born in 【详解】根据中英文可知，be born in“出生于”，结合句中“2001”可知，此处为一般过去时，使用be动词过去式，主语为I，使用was。故填was；born；in。 55．没有人知道恐龙为何灭绝了。 Nobody knows why all the dinosaurs . 【答案】 died out 【详解】die out“灭绝”，动词短语；结合常识可知，“恐龙灭绝”是过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填died；out。 第三节、书面表达（15分） 56．请你根据下面所给信息，写一篇介绍中国著名画家齐白石的英语短文。 出生 1864年出生于湖南省（Hunan Province） 年轻时代 很小的时候，展示出超凡的智慧和艺术能力； 长大后学会了做很多不同的事情，擅长画蔬菜、花、鸟和昆虫（insect） 1902年至1909年期间 周游中国，画了很多风景画 （pictures of scenery） 主要成就 代表作《白菜》； 是中国最伟大的画家之一。 晚年： 1. 五十七岁后定居北京： 2. 1957年在北京去世，享年93岁。 注意： 1. 字数：80字左右； 2. 文章必须包含所有提示信息，并可适当发挥； 3. 不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4. 条理清楚，语句通顺，意思连贯；书写规范。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Qi Baishi was a famous Chinese painter. He was born in Hunan Province in 1864. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, he learned to do many different things. He was good at painting vegetables, flowers, birds and insects. From 1902 to 1909, he travelled across China and painted many pictures of scenery. The painting Cabbage is one of his most famous works of art. He settled in Beijing at the age of fifty-seven. He died in Beijing in 1957 at the age of 93. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇记叙文，为材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般过去”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏，适当增加细节完整表述内容。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍齐白石的出生地； 第二步，按照时间顺序来介绍他的一生。 [亮点词汇] ①be born in出生于 ②be good at doing sth擅长做某事 ③at the age of在……岁时 [高分句型] ①As he grew older, he learned to do many different things.（as引导时间状语从句） ②The painting Cabbage is one of his most famous works of art.（“one+of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词”的结构） 答案第10页，共10页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 1 Encyclopaedias（A卷·提升卷） （时间：100分钟，满分：90分） 第一部分 选择题部分 一、语法选择(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1～15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 Who 1 the first helicopter? Who painted one of 2 pictures in the world? Who knew more about the human body than most people? There is an answer 3 all these questions — Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo may have been the greatest genius in the world. He was 4 Italian painter, inventor, and scientist around the year 1,500, but many of his 5 looked modern to us today. For example, one of his notebooks has drawings of a helicopter. Of course, he couldn’t 6 a helicopter with the things he had. Scientists say his idea was great. 7 , Leonardo wasn’t just an inventor. He was one of the greatest artists of his day. By the time he was twenty years old, people called him a master (大师) painter. 8 he got older, he became 9 more famous. Many of Leonardo’s excellent paintings are still with 10 today.You may know one of his most famous paintings the 11 woman — Mona Lisa. It was painted sometime between 1503 12 1519,when Leonardo was living in Florence, and it now hangs in the Louvre Museum, which has as a backdrop a distant landscape. Every year, 13 visitors go to the museum and appreciate the painting. It is 14 precious that it is well protected. However, the painting was stolen on August 21st, 1911. Since then, the museum has ordered more guards 15 it. 1．A．design B．designs C．designed D．designing 2．A．famous B．more famous C．most famous D．the most famous 3．A．to B．of C．for D．from 4．A．a B．the C．an D．/ 5．A．invention B．inventions C．invent D．invented 6．A．makes B．to make C．made D．make 7．A．However B．But C．Or D．Because 8．A．Before B．Since C．As D．After 9．A．very B．much C．hardly D．little 10．A．we B．us C．our D．ours 11．A．smile B．smiled C．smiling D．smiles 12．A．and B．to C．in D．into 13．A．a million of B．million of C．millions of D．a millions of 14．A．very B．so C．quite D．such 15．A．protected B．to protect C．protect D．protecting 二、完形填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从16～25各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。 During the Qingming Festival, Ann and her parents went back to their hometown. Ann knew nothing about the Qingming Festival. So she 16 her mother to buy her an encyclopaedia about 17 . Here’s an article about the Qingming Festival. The Qingming Festivalis in April. It’s really a good time for people to go outside and enjoy the 18 scenery of springtime and go to the graves (墓) of beloved ones. Since 2008, the Qingming Festival has been a 19 holiday in China. The holiday is also called Tomb Sweeping Day in English, because people will go to the tombs and clean them on this day. Along the River Duing the Qingming Festival is a famous 20 about this festival. It was drawn by Zhang Zeduan. People also 21 many poems about the Qingming Festival. Among them, the most 22 one may be Du Mu’s poem Qingming. After reading the article, Ann 23 the Qingming Festival better. Besides this, Ann also read the articles about other festivals, such as the Spring Festival, May Day and the National Day. She learned a lot from this encyclopaedia. When Ann came back to school, she shared the experience with her 24 . And they have also found some meaningful things about the festival. They decided to study 25 and respect the old. 16．A．helped B．found C．asked D．introduced 17．A．animals B．festivals C．seasons D．plants 18．A．local B．beautiful C．empty D．expensive 19．A．practical B．secret C．public D．valuable 20．A．painting B．music C．book D．magazine 21．A．wrote B．sang C．laid D．heard 22．A．careful B．famous C．helpful D．boring 23．A．felt about B．talked about C．knew about D．cared about 24．A．parents B．classmates C．drivers D．sisters 25．A．quietly B．hard C．slowly D．quickly 3、 阅读理解 (共两节，满分35分) 第1节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从26-40各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。 A “Why do I live? Why do I wish for anything, or do anything? Is there anything in my life that will not be destroyed by my death?” Like Leo Tolstoy (列夫·托尔斯泰), the famous Russian writer, many people ask these difficult questions. Tolstoy spent his whole life trying to answer these difficult questions. As a young man, he thought people could achieve perfection if they tried hard enough. So he worked very hard to be the best in everything. He thought that he would find meaning and truth in success. In 1850s, he wrote his first stories. He wrote about his life in the army. He also told stories about his childhood. These works were published and Tolstoy became a well-known writer. He earned the respect he always wanted. Many rich and smart men met and talked with Tolstoy. Some of them were writers like him. They talked a lot about faith and the meaning of life. But soon Tolstoy recognized that these men were not perfect. Now he knew they could not answer his questions about faith. So in the 1860s, Tolstoy tried a different way to find the meaning of life. He opened a school for the children of his serfs—the people who worked on his land. These workers were very poor. He wanted to help them because he thought they were more honest than the rich people he knew. Tolstoy learned a lot from his workers. He understood how they worked hard to support their families. He began to believe that marriage and family would give his life meaning. So in 1862, Leo Tolstoy married a young woman named Sonya Behrs. The next 15 years were the best years of Tolstoy’s life. It was during this time that he wrote his most famous books—War and Peace and Anna Karenina (《安娜·卡列尼娜》). Many experts say that War and Peace is one of the greatest books ever written. In these books, Tolstoy believed humans should live a simple life and take care of their families. Tolstoy thought this would satisfy him and bring him happiness. Leo Tolstoy is still a very respected writer today. His faith and writings have influenced many people all over the world. 26．Which is the correct order of the following events? ① Tolstoy served in the army.     ②Tolstoy got married. ③ Tolstoy wrote War and Peace.     ④Tolstoy opened a school. ⑤ Tolstoy became a well-known writer. A．①⑤③②④ B．⑤①③②④ C．①⑤④②③ D．⑤④①③② 27．Why did Tolstoy want to be the best in everything when he was young? A．To prepare for his books. B．To achieve perfection. C．To make a lot of money. D．To show his wisdom. 28．According to the passage, which of the following is the most important to Tolstoy? A．Family. B．Success. C．Wealth. D．Fame (名声). 29．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Leo Tolstoy: Living for writing. B．Leo Tolstoy: Influencing the world. C．Leo Tolstoy: Being the best in everything. D．Leo Tolstoy: Searching for the meaning of life. B So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species（物种）, but that is just a small number of what probably lives on Earth. With so many plants, animals, and other living things on the planet, it can be difficult to find out what kind of grass is growing by the roadside or what kind of birds just flew by. A soon-to-be-started website might help. Some scientists set up a web-based Encyclopaedia of Life (EOL). It wants to name every species on Earth and be a good guide for people. To get the encyclopaedia started, the scientists will use information in the scientific databases（数据库）. And finally, non-scientists with specialized（专业的）knowledge will come to help in the site. Bird-watchers, for example, will be able to input what birds they see and where they live. To make sure the encyclopaedia is right, scientists will check much of the information added to it. As the EOL develops, you might find it is useful for schools. The site will make some special pages for kids who are studying ecosystems（生态系统）in their neighborhoods. And the EOL is also helpful for you to choose whatever information you like. It takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to analyze species now. The scientists of the Encyclopaedia of Life hope the EOL will speed up that process. 30．What does the web-based EOL aim to do? A．To save all the plants. B．To work out the number of birds. C．To find out what covers the Earth. D．To name all the living things on Earth. 31．What is one of the characteristics（特点）of the EOL? A．It is set up by school students. B．It has been open to the public. C．It is about different types of grass and birds. D．It produces different kinds of information about species. 32．What does the underlined part “that process” refer to? A．Collecting data. B．Studying ecosystems. C．Creating a new way. D．Describing and analyzing species. 33．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．There are 1.8 million living species on earth. B．There are no non-scientists helping in the site. C．EOL is not useful for you to choose information. D．As the EOL develops, students might find it’s useful for them. C THE PLANT WORLD There are more than 400,000 kinds of plants on Earth. Some plants are as big as tall buildings; others are as small as rice. Plants are key parts of the food circle. They play an important part in the nature because they give out oxygen—the gas that all animals need for breathing. What is a plant? Most people have no difficulty finding the differences between an animal and a plant. That is because animals can move around, but plants can’t. What makes a plant a plant? Like animals, plants are living things that are made up of lots of cells (细胞). Unlike animals, plants make their own food by photosynthesis (光合作用). Most plants have roots, stems, and leaves, and most plants reproduce by growing flowers and making seeds. All plants need energy to stay alive and grow, and they get it from sunlight instead of food. How does a plant grow? Most animals grow in a certain way, and genes control their growth. That is to say, even when they are small, it’s easy to know what they will look like after they grow up. Plants are different. Their growth is controlled by genes too, but their final shape also depends on where they live. For example, a tree can be big and round if it grows up in an open space, but much taller and thinner if it grows in the woods with other trees all around. Plants are unable to move from one environment to another, so it is important that they are able to get used to the environment. 34．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1? A．Number of plants. B．Different sizes of plants. C．Importance of plants. D．Parts of plants. 35．What method does the author use to describe the plants in paragraph 2? A．By comparing. B．By giving examples. C．By giving numbers. D．By telling stories. 36．What can we know about plants from the passage? A．Flower and seed are the most important parts of a plant. B．Plants and animals grow in the same way. C．Only environment controls the plants’ growth. D．It’s important for the plants to get used to the environment. 37．Where can we most probably read the passage? A．In an advertisement. B．In a story book. C．In an encyclopaedia. D．In a poster. D The best time to visit… China China is a huge country, so it depends on where you go. The best time to visit is autumn. During that time, temperatures are pleasant wherever you are. If you don’t like hot weather, don’t come in summer. In Beijing, in summer, the average temperature is up to 30℃! Greece The best time to visit Greece is from April to June. If you like snow, go to the northwest of the country in winter. It’s great for skiing. If you just want to sit on a beach and enjoy the sunshine every day, then August is the perfect month. But, be careful! Temperatures are really high. In the southeast of Greece, it might be 30℃—35℃. South Africa South Africa has a pleasant climate with lovely warm sunny days most of the year. The summer is from November to February, and the weather is really hot during this time. In August, it’s winter and the weather is usually warm, except at night. South Africa has the world’s longest daily hours of sunshine. Australia Remember that it’s winter in Australia in July and August. The hottest months are from November to March. The best time to go is September or October. It’s warm enough to go to the beach. But this depends on which part of Australia you go to. It’s cool enough to tour around, and it’s not too rainy. If you prefer cold weather, go in August. 38．Which country has a pleasant climate most of the year? ________ A．China. B．South Africa. C．Greece. D．Australia. 39．If you are having a trip in Greece in August, the following things might be needed EXCEPT ________. A．a pair of sunglasses B．an umbrella C．a sweater D．a sunscreen cream 40．From the passage, we can know ________. A．when it is summer in South Africa, it is winter in Australia B．in autumn, the average temperature in Beijing is up to 30℃ C．the best time to go to Australia is September or October D．you can go skiing in the southeast of Greece 第2节 阅读填空（ 每小题1分，共5分） 阅读短文及文后选项，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，把答案写在答题卷相应的空格中。 Encyclopaedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》) used to be the king of encyclopaedias. It hopes to become the most important encyclopaedia again. 41 It moved to Chicago in 1935. In 1990, the company sold more than 100,000 sets of books. 42 Book sales dropped during the time of the Internet because people stopped getting information only from books. 43 Some online encyclopedias started in the early 21st century. It was the beginning of the end of Encyclopaedia Britannica books. Several years ago, the company stopped publishing the books. It put the whole encyclopaedia on the Internet. 44 One reason is that some online encyclopeadias have millions of articles, but Britannica has only 106,000. About half of Britannica’s articles are free while almost all of the articles on other online encyclopaedias are free. Still, some readers believe that Britannica’s articles are more trustworthy (值得信任的). 45 They make sure the articles are correct. The president of Britannica has a plan. He wants to offer all of the encyclopaedia online for free. The company hopes more people will read it. A．This was Britannica’s best year. B．They began getting it online as well. C．Britannica began in Scotland nearly 250 years ago. D．It’s said that each Britannica article is checked by experts. E．Sadly, Britannica online is not as popular as some other online encyclopeadias. 第二部分 非选择题 四、写作部分 第一节 语篇填词 每小题1分，共5分） 根据短文意思及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词，使其意思通顺、语法正确。(每空限填一词) Hua Xiaoying, 56, is the woman behind “Mammy Hua’s Pickles(泡菜)”. Hua was b 46 in a small village in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province. Because her family was poor, Hua had to drop out of middle school. H 47 , Hua didn’t give up studying. She taught herself while she worked to help her family. In 2015, several villagers opened a restaurant in Hua’s village. Hua was a cook in the restaurant. She offered her pickles for free to customers(顾客). To her surprise, a lot of customers liked her pickles, and many people e 48 wanted to buy some. In 2016, Hua started a workshop to make pickles. Making pickles isn’t easy. It i 49 more than 20 steps. Because of Hua’s hard work, now her pickles w 50 many people’s heart. Her workshop made more than one million yuan every year. Hua’s workshop has also provided many job opportunities (机会) for people is her village. 第二节、完成句子 （ 每小题2分，共10分） 51．你父母住在城市还是住在乡下？ Do your parents live in the city or ? 52．我昨晚终于了解那台电脑怎么用的了。 I finally how to use that computer last night. 53．我也不知道这个词的意思，你可以在词典里查找。 I don’t know the meaning of this word either. You can in a dictionary. 54．我2001年出生，现在15岁。 I 2001 and I’m 15 years old now. 55．没有人知道恐龙为何灭绝了。 Nobody knows why all the dinosaurs . 第三节、书面表达（15分） 56．请你根据下面所给信息，写一篇介绍中国著名画家齐白石的英语短文。 出生 1864年出生于湖南省（Hunan Province） 年轻时代 很小的时候，展示出超凡的智慧和艺术能力； 长大后学会了做很多不同的事情，擅长画蔬菜、花、鸟和昆虫（insect） 1902年至1909年期间 周游中国，画了很多风景画 （pictures of scenery） 主要成就 代表作《白菜》； 是中国最伟大的画家之一。 晚年： 1. 五十七岁后定居北京： 2. 1957年在北京去世，享年93岁。 注意： 1. 字数：80字左右； 2. 文章必须包含所有提示信息，并可适当发挥； 3. 不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4. 条理清楚，语句通顺，意思连贯；书写规范。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案第10页，共10页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$