课时作业(8)（配套练习）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版2019）

课时作业（八）UNIT2 答案精解Pe Period Three Lesson2&Lesson3一Comprehending(张时：35分钟) I.阅读 negative effects of climate change and air pollution 凡 from cars. Elon Musk is a Why does Musk devote himself to such innovations? businessman,inventor By creating opportunities to explore new planets. and engineer and is Musk believes that in the event of a major catastrophe on undoubtedly,one of the Earth,there would be the potential for the human leading figures in the race to continue elsewhere.On Earth,Musk's inventions are designed to find renewable,environment-friendly world of technology.Musk was born in Pretoria. solutions to meet the challenge of an ever-growing South Africa in 1971.At the age of 12,he taught global population. himself how to programme computers.He was accepted 1.What can we learn about Musk? to a university in the United States where he A.He learnt computer programming from his completed a degree in Arts.After this,he started a teacher at 12. PhD in physics at Stanford University.However,he B.He graduated from Stanford University with a dropped out to pursue his interest in startups and degree in physics. technology. C.He received government support to found the He founded an online payment site that eventually space company. would become a global company.In 2001 Musk began D.He named his company after a well-known scientist. meeting with scientists to discuss the possibility of 2.According to the author,what event was historic human habitation on Mars.Using his own fortune, in Musk's career? Musk founded his company that designs rockets and A.Getting achievements in arts. space vehicles.It was the first privately owned company to B.Founding an online payment site. do so.In 2012,the rockets made by the company C.Receiving contracts from NASA. docked with the International Space Station.Musk D.Becoming CEO of two companies. also received contracts from NASA.thus making 3.What is Musk's motivation for his innovations? history by proving that the concept of commereial A.To expand human reach and protect the earth. space exploration was both possible and affordable. B.To stimulate people's curiosity about space. Another one of Musk's innovations is the electric C.To realize his dream of becoming a leading figure. car.Musk started a company and became the CEO in D.To make more profit and set up more companies. 2008.The company is named after Nicolai Tesla,the 4.Which of the following best deseribes Musk? Serbian-American inventor and physicist,who is A.Gifted and humorous. best known for designing the AC electrical system. B.Curious and honest. The cars made by Musk's company are designed to C.Generous and considerate. end the dependence on fossil fuels and so reduce the D.Creative and responsible. ·129· B in the arts than most scientists.The Michigan State One of the winners of this year's Nobel Prize in researchers say that unlike many people who spend Chemistry was Danish scientist Morten Meldal. long hours at work and give up some of their outside When describing his career,Meldal said he started interests,Nobel winners believe their hobbies are out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because important to creativity. he "wanted to understand the world". 5.What comes as a surprise to students according to Meldal's experience may come as a surprise to the passage? students.They might believe they have to center A.Meldal's winning Nobel Prize. their work and school lives in one field to be B.Meldal's original working field. successful.But a study from professors at Michigan C.Meldal's desire to understand the world. State University shows that is not always the case. D.Meldal's study with Michigan State University. 6.What kind of people can be sorted as "polymaths" Michele Root-Bernstein and Robert Root-Bernstein or“Renaissance'”? published their study in the Creativity Research A.People who concentrated on just one field. Journal.They said that a large number of Nobel B.People who are committed lifelong to their career. Prize winners can be described as "polymaths",or C.People who are equipped with various interests. “Renaissance”. D.People who are admired for established achievements. The writers looked at past Nobel Prize winners 7.What's the author's attitude towards the Root- and their students.They decided that when students Bernsteins'discovery? of winners go on to win Nobel Prizes,some of what A.Tolerant. B.Cautious. they learned from their teachers is how to live a life C.Negative. D.Objective. with many interests.They are,in a way,learning 8.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? how to be creative. A.A Seeret to Winning Top Prize Having many interests.the Root-Bernsteins B.An Unbelievable Discovery wrote,permits scientists to look for creative ways to C.A Born Nobel Prize Winner solve problems.In fact,one important part of science D.An Amazing Rise to Fame is not discovering answers,but recognizing problems Ⅱ.完形填空 that need to be solved. As the Chinese saying goes,a seed can change The prize winners,the Root-Bernsteins said, the world;a variety can benefit a nation. transfer "skills,techniques and materials from one Zhang Daorong,who has spent the last 26 years field to another".They said Alexis Carrel won his cultivating()13 new varieties of wheat and 1 to Nobel Prize in medicine in 1912 by using techniques national food security.has done both.The 50-year- he learned from the clothing business.He realized old,who is called the“mother of wheat'”,isa2 that people who used thread to make and fix clothing at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences had a skill that could be used in operations to put in Xiangyang city. new organs into people's bodies. The research into new varieties requires 3 The Michigan State professors study creativity. standards and precise(精确的)experiments.“The They found Nobel winners are nine times more likely first 4 is to find suitable parental types for a to have experience in working with wood,metal or specific cultivation purpose.Then we try a hybrid ·130· combination,"Zhang explained,"After several generations 11.A.watered B.bought of trial and 5 and when characteristics remain C.protected D.planted stable,we 6 a two-year process of yield testing 12.A.reporting B.designing and disease identification."And after several more C.conducting D.studying rounds of tests,a(n)7 for evaluation and approval 13.A.tough B.normal can be made for market production. C.distinct D.specific "Generally speaking,a good new 8 should 14.A.end up B.let down produce high yields,have stable production.and C.break up D.pay off 9 good resistance to bad conditions,she added. 15.A.answers B.comfort 10,it also should be accepted by the market. C.passion D.courage Zhang added that the team 11 70,000 to Ⅲ.语法填空 80,000 seedlings()each year.All year round In the office of remote sensing scientist Liu they were busy with 12 experiments on the Shaochuang.there is 1. huge photograph growth of the new seedling sand making records of a camel he took a decade ago in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Wearing camouflage( and analyses. "Agricultural research work is 13 and 装)，he lay for hours by a pool of water in the Gobi Desert 2. complicated.Sometimes your efforts do not 14. (obtain)the image.Living in the harsh deserts in northwestern China and southwestern All we can do then is to think more,discuss more and find 15 on the land,"she said. Mongolia.the even-toed camel is listed as 3. (serious)endangered by the International Union for 1.A.advertising B.contributing Conservation of Nature.Experts evaluate that the C.committing D.acknowledging population of this species is currently less than 2.A.physiologist B.researcher 1,000.of4. around 650 are in China. C.novelist D.politician Since 2012.Liu 5. (lead)a team 3.A.strict B.efficient in tracking and studying wild camels 6. C.simple D.objective (use)satellite remote sensing technology.7. 4.A.step B.attempt zoologists who focus on species,Liu has instead C.method D.question studied the interrelationship between endangered 5.A.encouragement B.support animals and their environment.which he believes will C.defeat D.selection help develop a few better protection 8. 6.A.obtain B.continue (strategy)in the face of climate change.In the run- C.begin D.repeat up to World Wildlife Day on March 3,Liu's research 7.A.practice B.application was held up as a successful example of 9. C.appliance D.theory advanced space technology can benefit animal protection 8.A.cireumstance B.machine efforts on Earth C.farmland D.variety Liu works at the Aerospace Information Research 9.A.produce B.enhance Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.His studies C.show D.develop have covered many fields,including polar region 10.A.Besides B.However 10. science)expeditions and mapping C.Therefore D.Otherwise the headwaters of great rivers across the globe. ·1314.B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段倒数第二句和最后一段后：5.B推理判断题。根据第一段末句和第二段第二句可知，学 两句可知，何泽慧淡泊名利，积极献身于中国的科学事业。 生们感到惊讶的是梅尔达尔最初的工作领域，故选B项。 所以，她是无私且有献身精神的，故选B项。 6.C推理判断题。根据第三段末句和第四段第二句可知，可 川.完形填空 以被归类为“博学多才”或“多才多艺”的人是有各种各样兴 语篇 主题语境：人与社会/对社会有突出贡献的人物 趣爱好的人，故选C项。 导读本文为记叙文，主要介绍了张桂梅的先进事迹 7,D观点态度题。根据倒数第三段首句和倒数第二段首句可 知，本文作者只是转述鲁铸·伯恩斯坦夫妇的发现，因此作 1.B20年前，张桂梅在云南华坪县的路边遇到了(encounter) 者持客观态度，故选D项。 一个十几岁的女孩。 8.A标题归纳题。本文主要讲的是研究发现，一大批诺贝尔 2.D根据下文due to poverty可知，那个女孩应该是因为家里 奖获得者是多才多艺的人，这可以说是获得诺贝尔奖的秘 负担(afford)不起学费而不能上学. 诀，故选△项（赢得最高奖的秘密）。 3.C张桂梅去了这个14岁女孩的家，试图(in an attempt to) Ⅱ.完形填空 说服她的父母允许他们的女儿继续上学。in aid to用来协 助：in addition to除了：in response to为了应对。 语篇 主题语境：人与社会/对社会有突出贡献的人物。 4.B根据空处上下文可知，前后是转折关系。 本文为说明文，介绍中国的“小麦之母”张道荣和她的 导读 5.C从那以后，张看到很多当地女孩因为贫困而辍学(drop 团队务力拼搏培育新小麦品种的事远 out of school)。quit退出：辞职 1.B张道荣在过去的26年里培育了13个小麦新品种，为国 6.A张试着想办法(figure out)帮助他们。bring about带来： 家粮食安全作出了贡献(contribute),做到了这两件事。 draw out画出：give out分发」 2.B这位被称为“小麦之母”的50岁女性是襄阳市襄阳农业 7.B她想出了建一所女子高中的主意，在这所高中学生不用 科学院的一名研究员(researcher)。 交任何费用。空处引导定语从句，从句中缺状语，先行词 3.A对新品种的研究需要严格的(strict)标准和精确的实验」 school是地方，因此室处用关系副同where。 4.A to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation 8.A张试过各种方法来筹集资金(fud),但都失败了. purpose和常识可知，找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本 9.D华坪女子中学于2008年在当地政府和热心(wam 类型是培育新品种的第一步(step)。 hearted)群众的经济(financial)资助下成立。emotional情绪 5,D根据常识可知，培育新品种需要经过（植物）几代的试验 的：physical身体的：mental精神的。 和选择(selection),才能选出最优的。 l0.A参见上题解析。bad-tempered坏脾气的：cold-blooded 6.C结合上文提到选出最优品种和a1 oyear process of yield 冷血的：absent-minded心不在焉的。 testing and disease identification可知，接下米就应该开始 11.C根据上文Most of the girls were from及客观事实可知， (begin)产量测试和疾病鉴定。 华坪女子中学的学生很多都来自于山区。urban城市的： Z.B经过几轮测试后，可以申请(application)评估，批准用于 industrial工业的；mountainous多山的：advanced先进的，故 市场生产 选C项。 8.D她补充道："一般来说，一个好的新品种(variety)应该产 12.D根据上文可知，此处表示张桂梅鼓励(encourage)父母送 量高，产量稳定，并对恶劣条件表现出良好的抵抗力。” 女儿上学， 9.C根据good resistance to bad conditions可知，此处指新品 13.B张老师的不断努力(effort)点亮了孩子们的梦想，改变了 种要表现出(show)良好的抵抗力， 她们的命运(fate)。 IO,A结合it also should be accepted by the market可知，此处 14.C参见上题解析。 是对上文的补充说明，用besides符合题意。 I5.D张致力于改善女孩的教育。commit oneself to doing sth 11.D张补充说，该团队每年种植(plant)7万至8万株幼苗。 致力于做某事。 12.C一年四季，他们都忙于对新苗的生长进行(conduct)实 验，并进行记录和分析： 课时作业（八） l3.A根据complicated并结合上文提到他们一次又一次的试 L.阅读 验可知，农业研究是艰巨(tough)且复杂的。 A 14.D根据上一句可知，农业研究的特点可能导致有时研究人 员的付出是没有回报(pay off)的。end up结束：let down使 主题语境：人与社会/传记。本文为记叙文，主要 语篇 失望：break up破裂 介绍商人、发明家以及工程师Elon Musk成功背后的 导读 15.A那么，我们所能做的就是多思考、多讨论，并在土地上找 故事。 到答案(answer). 1.D细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，Musk以一位著名 Ⅲ，语法填空 科学家的名字命名他的公司，故选D项 主题语境：人与社会/对社会有突出贡献的人物 2.C细节理解题。根据第二段末句可知，在Musk的职业生涯 语篇 本文为记叙文，讲述了遥感科学家刘少创利用卫星遥 中接受NASA的合同是历史性的，故选C项。 导读 感技术跟踪和研究野生骆驼的经历，以及他的研究领 3.A推理判断题。根据末段可知，Musk创新的动机是扩大人 城和取得的成就。 类所能及的范围，保护地球，故选A项。 4.D推理判断题。根据第二段首句和第三段首句可知，Musk 1.a考查冠词。句意：在逼感科学家刘少创的办公室里，有一 是有创造力的(creative):根据末段末句可知，他保护地球，是 张他十年前在新疆维吾尔自治区拍摄的骆驼的巨幅照片。 负责任的(responsible),故选D项。 空处表示泛指，意为“一张，一幅”，应用不定冠词，且huge的 B 发音以铺音音素开头，故填， 2.to obtain考查非谓语动词。句意：他穿着迷彩服，在戈壁沙 语篇 主题语境：人与自我/生活与学习，本文为说明文。 漠的一个水池旁躺了数小时，以获得这张照片。句子主干成分 导读 研究发现，一大批诺奥尔奖获得者是多才多艺的人 完整，空处作句子的目的状语，表示“为了”，应用不定式形式。 185· 3.seriously考查词性转换。句意：生活在中国西北部和蒙古：1.C细节理解题。根据第一段首句和第二段首句可知，作者 西南部恶劣的沙漠中，齐趾骆驼被国际自然保护联盟列为极 对园艺的态度因为一场灾难而发生了变化，故选C项。 度瓶危动物，空处作状语修饰endangered,应用副词seriously,. 2.A细节理解题。根据第三段末句可知，人们在花园聚集是 意为“严重地，极大程度上”。 为了交流，故选A项， 4.whih考查引导词。句意：专家估计，日前该物种的数量不 3.A细节理解题。根据第四段末句可知，社区的共同努力促 到1000头，其中约650头在中国.空处和空前的of构成“介 成了花园的建造，故选A项。 词+关系代词”的结构，引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词1,000 4.B标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了作者在经历一场灾雄后找 作补充说明，先行词指物，应用关系代词which。 到园艺作为一种解脱的方式，进而得到意外的收获，故选 5.has led/has been leading考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自 B项。 2012年以来，刘带领一个团队利用卫星遍感技术跟踪和研究 0 野生骆驼。空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为Since2012,动作 主题语境：人与社会/社会进步与人类文明。本文 从过去开始发生，可以用现在完成时强调动作对现在的影 语篇 为新闻报道。条志Big Think就40年后的世界会如 响，也可以用现在完成进行时表示动作会继续进行下去，主 导读 语I,iu为单数，故填has led/has been leading。 何这一话题，邀请了各行各业的精英人士发表评论。 6.usig考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语，且空处与谓语之间 5.A细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知，2050年大多数人将 无连词，空处应用非谓语形式：此处主语【iu与use为逻辑上 住在城镇地区，故选A项。 的主谓关系，应用use的现在分词形式， 6.B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，在未来科技会改 7.Unlike考查介词。句意：与关注物种的动物学家不同，刘研 变我们生活的方式，故选B项。 究的是新危动物与环境之间的相互关系，他认为这将有助于 7,C词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句下一句可知，这是对将 在气候变化面前制定一些更好的保护策略。下文说明刘关 来世界不好一面的推测。由此猜测dire意为“糖糕的”，与 注的是颜危动物与环境之间的相互关系，因此这与关注物种 terrible同义，故选C项。 的动物学家不同，空处应用意为“不同于，不像”的介词 8.A推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句推知，Mark Bittman unlike,且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。 认为未来人们将会吃更健康和新鲜的食物，故选A项。 8.strategies考查名词的数，根据afew可知，此处指一些更好 的保护策略，空处应用strategy的复数形式。 课时作业（十） 9.h0w考查引导词。句意：在3月3日世界野生动物日前夕， 层级一语用巩固 刘的研究被视为先进空间技术如何有益于地球上动物保护 I.单词拼写 工作的成功范例。空处引导名词性从句作f的宾语，从句中 1.style 2.retire 3.faith 4.forward 5.fashion 6.designer 缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样，如何”，应用连接副词how 7.hammer 8.collapsed 作引导词。 Ⅱ，单句语法填空 10.scientific考查词性转换。句意：他的研究酒盖了许多领 1.to 2.to 3.faithful 4.bitterly 5.promotion 6.reference 域，包括极地科学考察和绘制全球大河源头图。空处作定 语修饰expeditions,.应用形容词scientifie,意为“科学的”。 7.to 8.advanced 9.leadership 10.was rejected Ⅲ，选词填空 课时作业（九） 1.be diagnosed with 2.take on 3.contribute to 4.in urgent need of 5.make it 6.Have faith in 层级一语用巩固 7.retire from 8.pay off I,单句语法填空 N.单句写作 1.publisher 2.to 3.was rejected 4.ruined 5.to stay 1.It was the monitor that/who 6.is 7.applied 8.ahead 9.the 10.persuading 2.prevent the disease spreading Ⅱ.选词填空 3.you can refer to the dictionary 1.stay in 2.Applying yourself to 3.Apart from 4.get ahead 4.Not only is the problem very important 5.boils down to 6.rather than 7.devoted himself to 8.on my own 9.sets:apart 10.be committed to 5.the determination and patience:paid off Ⅲ.单句写作 层级二素养提升 1.I am convinced of what he says V,阅读七选五 2.It is very difficult to apply oneself to a boring task. 语篇 主题语境：人与社会/历史、社会与文化，本文为 3.I prefer going to the cinema to watching TV. 导读说明文，介绍了在美国有关燃放烟花的一些注意事项。 4.On average,it takes two years to finish studying it. 1,B转折关系。根据上文可知，许多人喜欢自已燃放烟花 5.How much time can you afford to devote to learning English? B项（但是燃放烟花是一种冒险的行为）承接上文，语义转折· 6.No matter what you say 说明自己燃放烟花有危险性，引出下文对冒险行为的进一步 N,课文语法填空 说明：选项中shooting them off和上文中shoot off their own 1.being left 2.basis 3.to handle 4.ruined 5.determination 语义一致，故选B项。 6.Since 7.are overdone 8.committed 9.from 10.getting 层级二 素养提升 2,A总分关系。根据下文可知，保护自已安全的第一步是遵 V,阅读 守当地所有的烟花法规，说明本段主题和当地烟花法规有 关。A项（从了解当地的规则开始）位于段首，点明主题：选 A 项中local rules和下文中ocal fireworks laws语义一致，故选 主题语境：人与自我/微人与微事。本文为记叙 语篇 A项。 文，主要讲述了作者如何从一场灾难中找到国艺作为 导读 3.D并列关系。上文介绍了一些烟花的类型：有些像喷泉一 种解脱的形式，并以此作为社区族复的方式 样，放在地上，向空中喷射火花。D项（另一些则被握在手中， 186·