专题12 阅读理解精讲-2024年八升九英语暑期无忧衔接（通用版）

专题12 阅读理解精讲 阅读理解 方法1　细节理解题——细读法 　　分段细读,注意细节,注意语言结构,抓住主要事实、关键信息,揭示文章结构的内在联系,帮助深化理解。一篇文章是一个有机的整体,段与段之间存在着内在的紧密联系,而每段的内容都与主题有着很重要的联系,所以弄清文章结构上的问题,对于把握文章主题或文章大意非常重要。在通读短文后,带着问题,再到短文中详细地找到答案。 方法2　推理判断题——推理法 　　推理判断是细节理解的延伸,在阅读的时候要根据文章具体事实细节、句子关系去分析和推理,从而达到整体理解的目的。 方法3　主旨大意题——概读法 　　从每篇文章的标题到各个部分都进行概读,以归纳出要点,概括作者的意图、观点、态度,这样就能了解全文的概貌。概读还有助于考生把握上下文之间的意义联系,培养自己的综合概括能力。注意把握好主题句,首段和尾段中的中心句。 方法4　词义猜测题——猜测法 　　要学会根据上下文猜测遇到的新单词,这样既提高了阅读速度又培养了一种能力,这也是英语阅读的关键所在。培养自己的猜词能力是很有必要的,从构词法上,联系文章上下文看是否有释义以及将选项代入短文中理解等方面入手,猜测出新词的词义。 一 Amy walked toward Miss Brown's backyard, where she was planting roses. Last week, Amy and her parents just moved into the house next door. The old woman looked up, “Why the long face, Amy?” “There aren't any kids around to play with,” said Amy. “I have nothing to do.” Miss Brown smiled, “You sound just like a girl who used to live here.” “Really? Who?” “Her name is Rachel,” said Miss Brown. “Too bad you two young girls couldn't have lived here at the same time.” “What did Rachel do when she was bored?” asked Amy. “She planted a flower garden,” answered Miss Brown. Amy looked at Miss Brown's roses. “Could I, too?” Miss Brown handed Amy some tools and roses. “This will get you started.” “Thanks,” said Amy. Amy worked hard the whole afternoon in her garden. When she saw the lovely roses planted, she smiled. Still, it was too bad that Rachel wasn't there. The next day, Amy watered her roses and walked to Miss Brown's backyard, where she sat reading. “What else did Rachel do?” asked Amy. “She wrote poems in her flower garden,” Miss Brown answered. “One of her poems even won a prize in a school competition.” Amy closed her eyes.“How good it would feel, but I don't know how to write poems,” she said. Miss Brown smiled, “The best way is to read poems first.” She handed Amy her book. “Thanks,” said Amy. Amy lay on her stomach next to her roses and read. Then she started to write. That night she had a poem that might not be a prizewinner but sounded good enough. Still, it was too bad that Rachel wasn't there. The third day, Amy watered her flowers, wrote a new poem, and then walked to Miss Brown again. “What else did Rachel do?” asked Amy. “She played in the attic(阁楼). Come with me,” Miss Brown invited. “Thanks!” said Amy. “Make yourself at home,” Miss Brown said and left Amy to search alone there. Then Amy found a trophy (奖杯) with these words—First Prize in Poetry. Rachel Brown. 1937. Slowly, a smile spread across her face. Amy ran back to Miss Brown, “I wonder if Rachel would like to write poems in my flower garden.” Miss Brown smiled, “I think she would love to.” 1.Why was Amy unhappy at first? A.She couldn't meet Rachel. B.She didn't like the new house. C.She didn't have any friends there. D.She was left alone to Miss Brown. 2.What did Miss Brown do to help Amy? A.She told Amy to stay alone. B.She worked and read with Amy. C.She showed Rachel's poems to Amy. D.She suggested some activities to Amy. 3.What did Amy find out about Rachel in the attic? A.Who she really is.　　　 B.Her secret hobby. C.How old she is now.　　　 D.Her prizewinning poem. 4.Which is the main lesson of the story? A.Having shared interests is important to a real friendship. B.Working in the garden is the best way to fight loneliness. C.Parents should think twice before moving to a new place. D.It is difficult for children to make friends with grown-ups. 二 　　Shashiyu was once a poor village in Hebei Province, but now it has changed into a rich and livable place. In the 1940s, villagers in Shashiyu had little food and few clothes, but they had a strong wish for a better life. Zhang Guishun, the Party secretary of Shashiyu, encouraged his villagers to do their best to pull themselves out of poverty. “In the ancient Chinese story, Yu Gong could move mountains with his strong will and hard work, why can't we? Nobody was born to be poor!” Hearing his words, the villagers decided to make a difference. Led by the Communist Party of China(中国共产党),the villagers carried water and soil to their village from faraway places to improve their land. From 1966 to 1971, they reclaimed(开垦)lots of land and greatly improved their life. However,the village encountered a new problem two decades later as the environment became heavily polluted by chemical plants and mine refineries built in the 1990s. The polluting factories were shut down in 2004,and villagers started grape cultivation, which soon became a main industry in Shashiyu. In 2009,the city-level government invested over 1 million yuan($152,723) to change the village's exhibition hall into a museum in memory of development efforts made by earlier generations. After 10 years, the village was called “National Forest Village”. Zhang said that the village started a yearly tourism festival in 2015 to attract travelers to pick grapes.“The grapes could be sold at a better price once Shashiyu becomes famous through this festival. Our villagers can then live even better lives,”he said. 1.Why did Zhang Guishun use the story of Yu Gong to encourage the villagers? A.Because Yu Gong had strong will and hard work. B.Because Yu Gong was born poor too. C.Because the villagers worshiped Yu Gong. D.Because Yu Gong became rich at last. 2.From 1966 to 1971, what did the villagers do to improve their living situation? A.They planted grapes to earn money. B.They carried water and soil to their village to improve their lands. C.They moved to another place to live a better life. D.They built a lot of factories. 3.Which word can be used to describe the villagers? A.Hard-working.　　　 B.Lazy. C.Kind-hearted.　　　 D.Stupid. 4.When was Shashiyu called “National Forest Village”? A.In 2009.　　　 B.In 2004. C.In 2015.　　　 D.In 2019. 5.Where can you probably read the passage? A.In a storybook.　　　 B.In a newspaper. C.In a sports magazine.　　 D.In a science book. 三 　　When I was a girl growing up, I cannot once ever remember either my mum or my grandma wasting food. Anything we didn't eat at one meal was leftovers(剩菜). I can remember my grandma making a huge pot of potatoes. We would all eat until we were full enough,but there were always about half of the potatoes left over. A few days later,Grandma would take those potatoes out of the fridge,boil some noodles, add some vegetables and mix them all together. And I also remember when I watched my mum fry bacon(煎培根)for us in the mornings, she would always take the oil carefully and pour it into a bottle. Then she would use it later to add flavor to so many other dishes. I was an adult before I realized that potatoes didn't actually taste like bacon! I learned their lessons well, and after I grew up, I tried to never waste food myself. I always planned the week's meals ahead of time and only bought what was on my shopping list so that nothing went to waste. Every meal went into our stomachs and any leftovers were later eaten by either myself, my boys, my husband or my dogs. To me, throwing food into the bin was just wrong. However, when it comes to living,there are no leftovers. Life is just like a feast. Each moment that you don't live is lost forever. Life cannot be saved or stored. Each day is a fresh beginning. Live each moment of your life to the fullest, then. 1.The writer's grandma used the leftover potatoes to 　　　.  A.mix with noodles　　　 B.boil some vegetables C.fry bacon　　　 D.throw away 2.Why did the potatoes cooked by the writer's mum taste like bacon? A.Because she mixed the bacon with potatoes. B.Because she put potatoes into the containers. C.Because she was good at cooking. D.Because she poured the bacon oil into potatoes. 3.According to the passage, how did the writer save food in her way? A.By shopping ahead of time. B.By throwing it into the litter bin. C.By following her mother's shopping list. D.By planning the next week's food. 4.What does the underlined word “feast” in the last paragraph probably mean? A.Sweat dream.　　　 B.Large meal. C.Happy story.　　　 D.Beautiful picture. 5.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A.It is never too old to learn. B.Eat to live, but not live to eat. C.Neither food nor life should be wasted. D.There is no such thing as a free lunch. 四 　　I came to the United States from Africa to live with my uncle Jim in Maryland. One year later, I lost my sight because of a serious illness. Jim told me not to go out. He worried I would get lost or hit by a car. But I was dogged. I told him I'd pay attention. I believed I'd succeed. I must succeed. I must put my will into action. I dreamed of being a broadcaster. Then a neighbor told me that a public library in Washington D.C. was offering a free course, specially designed for blind people. This was an important chance for me. But how would I map my way? I knew that the American singer Ray Charles, also blind, got around on his own without a cane(手杖). His secret was to count steps. But I couldn't seem to do that way. Instead, I developed my imagination, sensing the layout (布局)of places I visited and taking notes of landmarks in my mind. At first, I would have to stop to imagine and map a new space in my mind. The next time I visited that place, I used that to find the way. Today, I am used to doing it. But I've still lost my way many times. I'd have to swallow my pride to ask for help, not thinking what others think or say about me. Sometimes I'd be down and I'd consider giving up. Perhaps my uncle was right. Maybe I'd stay home and wait until someone came to help. On those days when I lost my way, I'd go to bed with a bad feeling. 　▲　. I had a strong wish to beat blindness and be successful, and that was usually enough to get me out of bed the next day and try again.  Along the way I learned to be patient with myself and realized that asking for help didn't diminish(贬低) me in any way. I've got three academic degrees so far. Today, I'm a reporter and broadcaster. I've achieved my dream. Yes, I've lost my way many times—and found it again. Yes, I've come close to being hit by a car but never been hit by one. When people ask, “Aren't you afraid to be out alone?” the answer to me is clear: I would face danger and find happiness instead of staying home and being unhappy. 1.The writer 　　　one year after he moved to the US.  A.got lost　　　 B.became blind C.lost his parents　　　 D.was hit by a car 2.Which of the following can be put in “　▲　” in Paragraph 6?  A.And my uncle knew it well B.But I kept that to myself C.And my uncle was with me D.So I gave up trying again 3.What might Jim say when he talks about the writer at the end of the story? A.That boy can see!　　　 B.That boy is so poor! C.We are free now!　　　 D.I've done much for him! 4.The best title of this passage might be 　　　.  A.An Imagination to Succeed B.Life with My Uncle C.A Common Way to Success D.Study in the Library 五 　　“Amy! Milk!”Mama called. Milk. It was Amy's turn to get it. Amy sighed and shut her first-aid(急救) book. Amy tied the cow close to a tree. Somewhere down the mountain, some volunteer doctors were teaching medical skills to village nurses. Amy heard Betty drive off hours ago. “She should have taken me with her. She thinks I'm too young,” Amy thought. “But she's wrong. I am already 15!” Amy carried the milk back to Mama, and then wandered up the road. Roy, a village boy, was trying to stand on a horse's back. “No wonder they don't trust kids with anything important,” Amy thought. She had just turned away when she heard a heavy fall and a few cries. Roy was on the ground. “Roy!”The kids nearby ran towards him. “Get Betty,” one said. Amy shook her head. “Betty's gone to the city.” The kids didn't know what to do. Amy ran to Roy and saw one of his legs out of shape. A broken leg! She remembered what the first-aid book said about it. “Victor!” Amy called to one of the boys. “Go get Roy's mama, and find someone with a truck.”She turned to the others. “Give me your shirts. We need something to tie his leg with.” Amy then found a strong, straight stick. She carefully wrapped the shirts around Roy's leg and the stick. Roy cried out in pain. “I know it hurts,” Amy said softly. “But this will hold it still until you get to the hospital.” When Amy was done, she looked up and saw Roy's mama and a man watching beside a truck. “Thank you, Amy,” Roy's mama said. Amy helped them lift Roy into the truck, and then they drove down the hillside towards the hospital. The next day, Betty came to Amy's home. “I heard what you did,”Betty said. “You kept your head in an emergency. That's an important skill.” Amy's face turned red. “I was afraid...” Betty shook her head. “It's OK for a nurse to be afraid, as long as she has a clear head. The volunteer doctors are coming tomorrow with vaccines. We need some more hands. Can you help?” “I'd love to.”Amy replied at once. “Come early, then. There is a lot to learn.” Amy smiled. “I'll bring my first-aid book.” 1.Why didn't Betty take Amy with her to the medical training? A.Amy was busy reading. B.Amy had to milk the cow. C.Betty left too early in the morning. D.Betty thought Amy wasn't old enough. 2.What happened to Roy? A.He fell off the horseback. B.He was kicked by the horse. C.He successfully stood on the horseback. D.He was pulled off the horseback by the kids. 3.What is the correct order of Amy's first-aid actions? a.She found a proper stick. b.She helped lift Roy into the truck. c.She asked the boys for some shirts. d.She tied the shirts around the broken leg. e.She sent someone to get Roy's mum and a truck. A.c-e-a-b-d　　　 B.a-c-e-d-b C.e-c-a-d-b　　　 D.e-c-a-b-d 4.Why did Betty invite Amy to help the doctors in the end? A.Amy had similar experiences before. B.Amy was cool-headed when giving first-aid. C.Betty regretted not taking Amy to the training. D.Betty realized that Amy had become a good doctor. 5.Which sentence best describes a lesson from the story? A.Only trained doctors and nurses can provide first-aid. B.Knowledge from books can help solve real-life problems. C.Children need enough practice before they can be helpful. D.Helping with housework is important to children's health. 六 　　According to a research, more than 130 billion pounds of uneaten food go to waste in Laura's country each year. That is about 30% of the yearly food supply (供应). It is a sad fact, especially when you consider how many families and homeless people are in hunger. When Laura saw her school dining hall throw away food that was not eaten at all every day, she came up with an idea. She started a project to help her school dining hall to give away uneaten food to homeless shelters (庇护所) in her community. In the past three years, the same project has spread to other schools and some fast food restaurants throughout the city. The project is called Feed & Find, and has already fed thousands of people in her city. How does it work? Through an app, Feed & Find matches local homeless shelters with school dining halls and restaurants that have uneaten food to provide. When dining halls or restaurants have uneaten food left, they can use the app to share the information about the food. A truck driver working for the project is then sent to pick it up and take it to a shelter. Pretty cool, right? It's not surprising that people in other cities have got in touch with Laura, hoping that she could help develop similar projects for their communities. Some people, however, have concerns about the safety of the uneaten food. They think such food may not be clean enough. Still, this project is a clever way to help solve the problem of food waste and it helps those in need. 1.The numbers in Paragraph 1 tell us 　　　.  A.some people are poor B.food waste is serious C.the population is large D.the research is interesting 2.Laura's project first got food from 　　　.  A.her school dining hall B.her family C.a fast food restaurant D.a homeless shelter 3.People in other cities would like Laura to 　　　.  A.find a truck driver B.visit their communities C.give away food to them D.help develop projects like hers 4.The underlined word “concerns” in this passage means 　　　.  A.ways　　 B.secrets　　 C.worries　　 D.decisions 5.Which can be the best title for this passage? A.A Dining Guide App B.A Food Sharing Project C.A Driving Service App D.A Food Safety Project 七 The top-selling album (唱片), Songs of the Humpback Whale, was made public in 1970. This collection of nature recordings changed the way many people thought about whales, and it helped save thousands of whales' lives. The album might never have been made without a sound engineer named Frank Watlington. In the 1960s, Watlington was making underwater recordings when he noticed some strange, deep sounds. He realized they were coming from whales. Watlington played the recordings for a pair of scientists named Roger and Katy Payne. When they listened, they fell in love with these beautiful voices at once. Katy Payne studied music as well as animals, and she was greatly surprised by how the whales communicated using sounds like an opera (歌剧) singer. She also noticed another interesting fact: the sounds had clear patterns. According to scientists, an animal sound with a repeating pattern is called a song. Some scientists even compared these singing animals to musicians. The Paynes thought that other people should also hear the beauty of the whales' songs. So Roger made the recordings into an album. At the time when the album came out, whales were often caught, killed and traded for money. Some kinds were even in danger of dying out. Most people had never thought that whales could communicate through songs. But after hearing the album, they began to think differently. The album led people to take action to save whales. Musicians began using whale songs in their music, and whales were included in movies and television shows. In 1982, a ban to stop deep-sea whaling was made. Before it, in the 1950s and 1960s, more than fifty thousand whales per year were killed. After it, the number went down below two thousand. It might seem impossible that just one album could help save the lives of so many whales. But this album told people secrets about whales that had long been hidden under the sea. It allowed whales to finally share their songs with the human world. 1.What is the purpose of the passage? A.To call on people to save whales. B.To tell how a good album was made. C.To show that whales are born singers. D.To introduce an album and its stories. 2.Who first found the special voices of the whales? A.A song recorder. B.An opera singer. C.A sound engineer. D.An animal scientist. 3.What fact about the whales surprised Katy Payne? A.They could talk with scientists. B.They could sing like an opera singer. C.They could repeat interesting sounds. D.They could communicate through songs. 4.Which is one of the values of the album? A.It successfully stopped deep-sea whaling. B.It helped people understand whales better. C.It made some music and movie stars popular. D.It encouraged musicians to work with scientists. 八 Looking at the undone homework on his desk always makes David Grey feel uncomfortable. More often than not, David leaves his homework behind and surfs the Internet or watches TV instead, waiting until the last minute. “But the longer I wait,” says David, aged 15, “the more I worry.” Everyone procrastinates (拖延) because they want to feel good now. The way to do that is to avoid the task. You can procrastinate on nearly anything, even enjoyable tasks such as planning a vacation. “Some people procrastinate cleaning. Some people procrastinate by cleaning,” says Professor Peter Stone. Research has shown that the top tasks young people procrastinate are studying and going to bed.“One big cause for procrastination is that people are afraid of failure, of not meeting others' expectations,” Stone adds. Some people believe that procrastination will make them thrive. But researchers disagree. “I did a study several years ago, asking procrastinators to finish a task in a certain period of time,” says Stone. “They did worse than non-procrastinators: they made more mistakes and they took longer. But they thought they did better.” No matter what the cause is, procrastination is usually not going to be good for you. For example, bedtime procrastination can lead to sleeplessness, which in turn can cause many other health problems. For those who need some drives to stop procrastinating, the best advice might be to take action first. If you've been procrastinating on forming a habit of exercise, just put on your walking shoes. A little bit of progress will get you moving. Next, find something to help you remember to take action. If you want to go to bed at 10:30 pm, you might set a timed dimmer switch (渐暗开关) at 10 pm. When the lights are dimmer, you'll start going to bed. It works for most people. Finally, reward yourself every time you make progress. For example, after you've run 3 km, enjoy your favourite ice-cream. But be careful:it won't work the other way around. 1.What can be the best title of this passage? A.A day of a procrastinator B.Procrastination: yes or no? C.Say goodbye to procrastination D.Want to feel good now? Procrastinate! 2.What is the main reason for people's procrastination? A.They want to avoid doing hard work. B.They fear to lose and let others down. C.They need to finish the top tasks first. D.They plan to do the enjoyable tasks last. 3.The underlined word “thrive” in paragraph 3 most probably means 　　　.  A.think faster　　　 B.work more successfully C.give up more easily　　　 D.worry too much 4.What should David do if he wants to stop procrastinating on a writing task? A.Put on some soft music to help think actively. B.Enjoy a favourite ice-cream, and then start writing. C.Search the Internet for enough ideas before starting. D.Pick up a pen and write down possible starting sentences. 九 　　Can plants talk?Modern research has found something amazing:they do communicate with each other. It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.This happens when a plant gets attacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help:“I'm being attacked!”When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps(黄蜂)!The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops. More surprisingly,plants also use sound to communicate. People can't hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chili plants do this.Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water. Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi(霉菌). It links the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web,plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may use it to steal food from each other,or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web. Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. 1.What will plants do when they are attacked by insects? A.They will kill the insects by themselves. B.They will control the wasps to kill the insects. C.They will send out signals to ask for help. D.They will produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help. 2.How is the wood wide web linked by fungi? A.By making noises with their roots. B.By connecting the roots of different plants to each other. C.By sharing food and information with each other. D.By spreading chemicals to each other. 3.What is the writer's intention of the last paragraph? A.To give people hope for further studies. B.To praise scientists for their great achievements. C.To call on people to protect the plants on Earth. D.To inspire people to communicate with plants. 4.What is the structure of the passage? 5.Which is the best title for the passage? A.The Secret Language of Plants B.The Study about the Plant Warning System C.The Plants that Give Warnings D.Why Scientists Do Research about Plants 十 　　Chinese is mainly divided into 13 dialects (方言) and these dialects can be further divided into many kinds of local dialects. Putonghua (or Mandarin), the predominant dialect, is spoken by over 70% of the population and is one of the 6 official languages of the United Nations. Within these large dialect groups, there are small groups, many of which are difficult to understand. In Fujian, for example, people living 10 kilometres away from one another can be speaking different Min dialects. Putonghua. It is the mother dialect of Chinese living in northern China and Sichuan Province. It is called Guoyu in some parts of China, like Hong Kong, Macao (澳门) and Taiwan. It is known in English as Mandarin Chinese, or Standard Chinese. Wu. Spoken in Shanghai, most of Zhejiang and the southern parts of Jiangsu and Anhui, Wu is made up of hundreds of different spoken forms. Hakka/Kejia. Hakka is widely spoken in Fujian, Taiwan, and some countries in Southeast Asia. Min. It is spoken in Fujian, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. Min group is the most diverse (多样的), with many different spoken forms used in neighbouring countries. Yue. It is spoken in Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, all over Southeast Asia and by many Chinese living abroad. 1.What does the underlined word “predominant” mean? A.More beautiful.　　　 B.More special. C.More interesting.　　　 D.More common. 2.What do you know about Putonghua after reading this passage? A.It is used by a small group of people in China. B.It is spoken only by people in Mainland China. C.It is included in the official languages of the United Nations. D.It is the mother dialect of people living in southern China. 3.Based on the passage, which of the following is true? A.Most people in Anhui speak Kejia. B.Wu is the local dialect of Shanghai. C.Yue has the most different spoken forms. D.Most people in Hong Kong speak Min. 一 At Alexandria Country Day School in Virginia, a group of sixth-graders had a special project. They used 3D printers to create mini 3D-printed model villages which were designed (设计）for homeless people. The students got the idea from a company called Icon, which makes homes with 3Dprinters and whose goal is to make cheap housing for everyone. Icon's homes are made of concret-like (混凝土类) materials，which are very cheap. And building these homes just takes a few days. Allison McDonald is the science teacher and the director of the sixth-grade project. She said. “Through the project, the students not only learned about invention and teamwork. but they also learned to understand the true needs of homeless people.” While creating their mini 3D buildings, the students explored (探索）how such technology allows the freedom of design and how to better use the technology in daily life. They said getting the details correct bel printing was hard. Putting a lot of thought into their communities, they made houses, stores, and schools. Besides, they also made churches, health centers, community gardens, theaters and even bus stops to make the people who will live there get a sense of belonging (归属感). Amber Fogarty is the president of Mobile Loaves & Fishes, which is an organization in Austin, Texas and provides homes for people in need for free. After learning about the students' project, Amber said, “Both the project and the students are excellent! Imagine the possibilities. How can you use your brains and hearts to solve problems? I don't know what the future holds with 3D printing. But the possibilities are very exciting. It is a journey of discovery.” 1. What's the purpose of the passage? A. To ask us to take care of people in need. B. To introduce a 3D-printing project made by sixth graders. C. To encourage students to learn 3Dprinting as early as possible. D. To talk about the potential market of 3D printing. 2. According to the passage, the 3D-printed homes_____. A. can be built anywhere and anytime B. are very strong and fast to be built C. are built in a short time and at lower cost than traditional building D. are beautiful and environmental-friendly 3. How did the students make people in the villages have a sense of belonging? A. By making many places that are common in daily life. B. By studying how to use 3D printing technology in daily life. C. By getting everything that people need ready before printing. D. By considering the connection between3D printing technology and design. 4. What can we learn about the students and their project? A. The students got the idea from Icon. B. The students learned nothing from the project. C. The project didn’t high praise from Amber Fogarty. D. The project helped the students get a chance to study at Icon. 二 Washing clothes is easy for most people living in cities, as washing machines do the job. However, in many poor areas, people have to wash their clothes by hand, as they don't have electricity or money to buy the machines. Now, a new bamboo washing machine might help them solve this problem. The machine is a simpler traditional washing machine. However, it uses the natural flow(流动)of the water instead of electricity. It has a wooden rotation shaft(转轴) in the center and a bamboo drum(大桶) outside. You just put the machine in a river and water will go into the bottom of the machine and rotate the drum. This creates an eddy(涡流) that cleans clothes. A 7-member team from the School of Design at Dalian Minzu University created the machine. “There are 836 million people living in extreme poverty(极端贫困) in the world. They have to spend lots of time and energy doing little things like washing clothes. We want the bamboo washing machine to help them free up their time so they can do more meaningful things, like fighting poverty," said Pan Cheng, one of the designers(设计者). “The best thing about this machine is that it's cheap and easy to make," said Yu Yue, another designer." We give people the rotation shaft and teach them how to set up the machine. They can find bamboo locally and make it into drums. If there is no bamboo, they can also use materials like wood.” The designers said they spent more than half a year working on the machine. They had many team meetings and changed their design at least four times. But in the end. they were happy with the results. 1.The bamboo washing machine was created for people who____. A. want to save time B. live in poor area C. are busy with work D. want to save electricity 2.Which of the following shows how the bamboo washing machine works? a. The machine is put into a river. b. Eddy in the machine cleans clothes. c. Water goes into the bottom of the machine. d. Water in the drum drives the wooden rotation shaft. A. abed B. acdb C. cabd D. cdab 3.Why did Pan Chen come up with the idea? A. He believed bamboo washing machines would be helpful for everyone. B. He thought bamboo washing machines would gain much popularity. C. He grew up in a poor area without much electricity. D. He wanted to help the poor free up their time. 4.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. making a bamboo washing machine is easy and cheap. B. How people make the washing machine. C. Yu Yue built the washing machines for people. D. How the designers can find bamboo or wood. 5.What’s the author’s attitude to the bamboo washing machine？ A. positive B. doubtful C. uncaring D. disappointed 三 A librarian in Indonesia's Java Island is lending books to children in exchange for trash(垃圾)they collect in a new way to clean up the environment and get the children to read more. Each weekday. Raden Roro Hendarti rides her three-wheeler with some books for children in Muntang village and carries back plastic cups, bags and other trash. The moment she shows up, children will run to her “Trash Library” and choose their favorite books. They all carry trash bags and Raden's three-wheeler quickly fills up with them as the books fly out. She's happy the children are going to spend less time on online games as a result. “I hope this can help children get into the habit of reading, help them get more knowledge from young age and mitigate the harm of the online world, ”Raden said." We should also make them aware of the environment and take care of our trash in order to fight climate change and to save the earth from trash.” She collects about 100 kg of trash each week, which is then sorted out by her colleagues（同事)and sent for recycling. She has a total of6,000 books to lend and wants to offer the mobile service to neighboring areas as well. Kevin Alamsyah is an 11-year-old book lover. "I seldom read before, but now I am always the first one to run to the ‘library'. I know when there is too much trash, our environment will become dirty and it's not healthy. That's why I look for trash to borrow a book," he said. The literacy rate(识字率) for above-15-year-olds in Indonesia is around 96 percent,but a recent report by the World Bank warned that theCOVID-19 will leave more than 80% of 15-year-olds reading much less than before. Raden's work is really helpful especially during theCOVID-19. 1.What can we infer from the second paragraph? A. The children are so poor that they can’t read. B. The books are given out for free. C. Some parents didn’t encouraged their children to read. D. The “Trash Library" is very popular in Muntang village. 2. What does the underlined word“ mitigate” mean in English? A. 减少 B. 发展 C. 进步 D. 衰落 3.What do Raden and her colleagues do with the trash? A. ruin it. B. recycle it C. Sell it. D. burn it. 4.Why are Kevin Alamsyah and the literacy rate mentioned? A. To help children to learn more. B. To suggest building more “Trash Libraries". C. To stress the effect of the“ Trash Library”. D. To show off children's efforts for reading. 5.Which of the following words can best describe Raden? A. selfless and quiet. B. Friendly and brave. C. Creative and warm-hearted. D. Humorous and honest. 四 Japanese film director Ryo Takeuchi's latest documentary, Beyond the Mountain, which was shot（拍摄) in 2020,met Chinese audiences(观众) in late April,2021. Takeuchi is known for his documentaries about China's efforts in fighting COVID-19 including Long Time No See Wuhan and The Post-Pandemic Era. This time, his camera aimed at China's poverty alleviation(扶贫) efforts in Liangshan, Sichuan Province. In the first part of the documentary, Takeuchi and his team reached the“ cliff(悬崖) village" .They met some staff from a local bank, known as “moveable bank". The staff climbed up the mountain to provide banking services for the villagers at home. The documentary also recorded the present life of some villagers who moved out of the “cliff village". Now they are living under the mountain and their houses are provided by the local government. You can see many Yi women dressed in traditional clothing are learning to produce traditional Yi embroidery(刺绣)in the skill training class. In the documentary, Takeuchi mentioned the efforts the government has made to provide more chances for local children ,like a soccer school co-established by an education organization and a top Spanish soccer club that helps to send talented children to Spain for further training." My dream is to try my best to practice football forever. I want to be a football star like Wu Lei." one boy said. And the school provides the poor children with such a platform to chase their dreams. “I hope more and more people can come here to see for themselves one day. In my opinion ,the key to helping people there get rid of poverty is to let outside people know more about this place. "said Takeuchi. 1.According to Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2,Beyond the Mountain_____. A. was shot and met Chinese audiences in late April,2021. B. praised China's efforts in fighting COVID-19 C. was the first film about China directed by Takeuchi D. aimed at China's poverty alleviation efforts in Sichuan Province 2.The local bank was called“ moveable bank” because_____. A. the staff always changed their working place B. the staff always changed their working time C. the staff provided banking services at villagers' homes D. the staff moved the bank to the top of the mountain 3.What does the underlined word“ chase” mean in Chinese? A. 追逐 B. 记录 C. 弥补 D. 设定 4.From the text we can infer that______. A. all the villagers live in the houses provided by the local government now B. Yi women make money by learning to make modern Yi embroidery C. children in the" cliff village" are more likely to achieve their dreams now D. talented children in that soccer school can get further training in America 5.The purpose of shooting Beyond the Mountain is to_____. A .present people's poor life in Sichuan B. encourage people to come to help the poor people there C. praise the Chinese government‘s effort in fighting COVID-19 D. show the natural beauty of China. 五 Everyone knows that good sleep is important for our health. Not everyone know show important it is to sleep in the dark. A new report says sleeping with a light on could be bad for our health and turning off the lights when we sleep could help to keep away from diabetes(糖尿病)and heart disease. According to the report, around 40 percent of people sleep with some sort of artificial light such as light from a television or an alarm clock. which could influence our health. The worst thing to sleep with is a main light. Sleeping in the dark is more difficult for people who live in cities. where there is a lot of outdoor light at night. Dr Phyllis Zee is the lead researcher from the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, the USA. Her team studied 20 participants(参与者).They recorded their brainwaves. breathing, heart rates and also drew blood from them to measure melatonin（褪黑激素)levels while they were sleeping. They found that the participants who slept with a light on had higher blood sugar(血糖)levels the next morning compared to those who slept in total darkness. Dr Zee said this is because light makes their brain more active, which raises blood sugar levels. Besides, having the light on when the participants were sleeping made their heart rates increase. which in turn made it harder for their body to rest properly. “That's bad. Usually, your heart rate is lower at night and higher during the day.” the researcher said. Dr Zee said, “Make sure that you start dimming your lights at least an hour or two before you go to bed to prepare your environment for sleep. There are three things we can do to reduce the risk of illness: turn off the lights, never sleep with white or blue light, and use a curtain or wear an eye mask.” 1.What does the underlined word“ artificial” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Man-made. B. bright C. intelligent D. false 2.According to the report, why are people in cities more difficult to sleep in the dark? A. They have more stress. B. They usually work overtime. C. They enjoy a happy night life. D. They can't escape from outdoor light. 3.The researchers did the following things EXCEPT____. A. drawing blood from the participants B. recording the participants' breathing C. waking the participants up in the midnight D. measuring the participants' melatonin levels 4.What may be a result of sleeping with a light on? A. Making the brain less active. B. Raising blood sugar levels. C. Lowering the heart rate. D. Helping the body rest well. 5.Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A storybook. B. A textbook. C. A health magazine. D A travel guide 六 A spaceship from NASA hit an asteroid(小行星)about 11 million kilometers from Earth recently. This is part of NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART). NASA called it “the world's first task to test technology for protecting Earth” against asteroids or other space dangers. The spaceship traveled at a speed of22.500 kph. It hit the asteroid Dimorphos on September 26. NASA watched the event with cameras and telescopes(望远镜)on Earth. The team leader Nancy Chabot said, “This isn't going to blow up(炸毁) the asteroid. This really is about changing its path.” The asteroid, Dimorphos, is about 160meters wide. Before this hit.it completed one circle around a parent asteroid called Didymos every 11 hours and 55 minutes. NASA announced that the time was reduced by 32minutes by the hit. Although the hit only changes the asteroid's path a little, that will lead to a large re-direction over time." So if you were going to do this to protect Earth, you would do it 5. 10. 15 or 20years in advance in order for this technique to work," Chabot said. In fact,the two asteroids are not a threat(威胁)to Earth. They are both very small compared to the Chicxulub asteroid which hit Earth about 66 million years ago and killed most of the world's plants and animals including dinosaurs. But the test shows hitting the asteroid with a spaceship will be an effective(有效的）way if an Earth-threatening asteroid is discovered in the future. DART is the first human task to hit an asteroid, but it won’t be the last. Other countries, including China and Japan, have also started their own asteroid tasks. 1. Why did NASA send a spaceship to hit Dimorphos? A. To change the asteroid's speed. B. To find more space dangers and mystery. C. To blow up the asteroid completely. D. To change the asteroid's direction. 2After the hit, Dimorphos completes one circle around Didymos every____. A. 715 minutes B. 748 minutes C. 752 minutes D. 683 minutes 3.The result of the test shows that_____. A. the spaceship hit the asteroid is not fast enough B. both asteroids Didymos and Dimorphos are not very big C. hitting a dangerous asteroid with a spaceship is a good way D. discovering more space dangers ahead of time is significant 4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The hit happened under the watch of NASA. B. Many dangerous and mysterious asteroids have been found. C. DART will be the only human task to hit an asteroid. D. Dimorphos and Didymos have put Earth in great dangerous situation. 5.Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A textbook. B. A website. C. A news report. D. A travel brochure. 七 Time flies when we play with our smartphone. But when we get down to the real business of work and study, one hour feels like a year. Why are we so addicted to(人迷）smartphones but easily bored by studying? It all boils down to something small and hard to see: dopamine(多巴胺).Dopamine is a“ pleasure chemical(化学物质）”that makes people feel good. Our brains produce it when we eat yummy food, after we exercise or when we get a prize. Compared with studying, playing with smartphones causes our brains to produce more dopamine. For example, checking our phone for a text leads to a 400 percent increase in dopamine. But why? When we play with smartphones, we don't know what we'll see next. or who will send us a message. This uncertainty(不确定性）makes the dopamine system active. We get excited, wondering if we have messages from our friends. When our expectations are met, dopamine is produced. And to get more dopamine, we continue checking our phones. Studying doesn't provide such uncertainty. Without this excitement, we get bored much more easily. Can we do something to change that? According to scientists. apps can become less interesting if we turn off notifications(通知)or change the screen colors to black and white. We can also set time limits(限制) on apps to avoid using them too much. "As for studying, you could check our progress daily or weekly and reward yourself for it,” said Daniel Wong, writer of The Happy Student. “You could also search for interesting topics connected with your textbooks. Use what you've learned to make a difference in the real world. This will make knowledge much more interesting to learn.” 1.What might the phrase “boils down to" mean in Paragraph 2? A. Tracked out. B. Burns out. C. Replace with. D. Results from. 2.When do people have more dopamine? A. When their expectations are met. B. When they face less uncertainties. C. When they know what will happen next. D. When they stay in a friendly environment. 3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A. the reason that do people like uncertainty. B. the way to get more messages from our friends. C. the way scientists discover the way dopamine works. D. the reason that play with smartphones causes more dopamine. 4.How can we make apps less interesting according to Paragraph 5? ①Turn off notifications. ② Check them less often. ③Set time limits and allow for breaks.④Change the screen colors to black and white. A. ①② B.①③ C.①④ D.②④ 5.What might Daniel advise us to do to make learning interesting? A. Set time limits before we learning. B. Put what we've learnt into practice. C. Check our learning progress every term. D. Read the interesting parts in the textbooks first. 八 A butterfly-shaped island called Astypalea may become Greece's first carbon-free(无碳的)place for tourists. Under an agreement with the government, Volkswagen, a carmaker, has given several new electric cars to this island for its public services; and it will sell others at cost price to the local people. In return, the government has increased subsidies(补贴)for people to buy electric cars. Besides, the government also plans to build a solar-wind power plant(发电厂). Different from other nearby islands, Astypalea is not connected to Greece's electricity grid(电网）.With only 3.000 rooms for visitors in small hotels, tourism is still not very developed. Many local people make a living by raising goats, keeping bees and fishing. It was chosen for Volkswagen's experiment after Nikos Komineas, the Mayor(市长),said the island needed an electric bus to test on the roads. Most people here are interested in the project. Mr Komineas expects the number of private cars on Astypalea to decrease by a third over the next five years. He says that the local people will be able to travel on e-scooters and electric minibuses, which are connected to a mobile-phone app and available all day and night. And they will be free! If everything goes well, a wind turbine(风力发电机)will be put up on this island in 2026. However. the local people worry that the sights will be influenced by the 200-meter-high turbine and the tourists will go elsewhere. And even then, the hybrid power plant can cover only about 80% of summer need. But it is a start. 1.What should people do if they buy an electric car on the island？ A. should pay for public services B. are supposed to pay for the new power plant C. can get a new one from the carmaker for free D. need to receive subsidies from the government 2.When was the island chosen for the experiment? A. After a solar-wind power plant was established. B. After its Mayor announced a need for an electric bus. C. After its Mayor realized its tourism was not very developed. D. After the local people travelled on e-scooters and electric minibuses. 3.What does the underlined word“ decrease” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. 改变 B. 上升 C. 下降 D. 浮动 4.The local people worry that______. A. their living cost will increase B. tourism on the island will be influenced C. there won't be enough electricity to use D. the wind turbine won't be built in 2026 5.What is the purpose of the passage? A. To push the tourism of the island. B. To introduce a beautiful island to us. C. encourage us to live a carbon- free life. D. To show us an island's plan for a green lifestyle. ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 第 2 页 共 20 页 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题12 阅读理解精讲 阅读理解 方法1　细节理解题——细读法 　　分段细读,注意细节,注意语言结构,抓住主要事实、关键信息,揭示文章结构的内在联系,帮助深化理解。一篇文章是一个有机的整体,段与段之间存在着内在的紧密联系,而每段的内容都与主题有着很重要的联系,所以弄清文章结构上的问题,对于把握文章主题或文章大意非常重要。在通读短文后,带着问题,再到短文中详细地找到答案。 方法2　推理判断题——推理法 　　推理判断是细节理解的延伸,在阅读的时候要根据文章具体事实细节、句子关系去分析和推理,从而达到整体理解的目的。 方法3　主旨大意题——概读法 　　从每篇文章的标题到各个部分都进行概读,以归纳出要点,概括作者的意图、观点、态度,这样就能了解全文的概貌。概读还有助于考生把握上下文之间的意义联系,培养自己的综合概括能力。注意把握好主题句,首段和尾段中的中心句。 方法4　词义猜测题——猜测法 　　要学会根据上下文猜测遇到的新单词,这样既提高了阅读速度又培养了一种能力,这也是英语阅读的关键所在。培养自己的猜词能力是很有必要的,从构词法上,联系文章上下文看是否有释义以及将选项代入短文中理解等方面入手,猜测出新词的词义。 一 Amy walked toward Miss Brown's backyard, where she was planting roses. Last week, Amy and her parents just moved into the house next door. The old woman looked up, “Why the long face, Amy?” “There aren't any kids around to play with,” said Amy. “I have nothing to do.” Miss Brown smiled, “You sound just like a girl who used to live here.” “Really? Who?” “Her name is Rachel,” said Miss Brown. “Too bad you two young girls couldn't have lived here at the same time.” “What did Rachel do when she was bored?” asked Amy. “She planted a flower garden,” answered Miss Brown. Amy looked at Miss Brown's roses. “Could I, too?” Miss Brown handed Amy some tools and roses. “This will get you started.” “Thanks,” said Amy. Amy worked hard the whole afternoon in her garden. When she saw the lovely roses planted, she smiled. Still, it was too bad that Rachel wasn't there. The next day, Amy watered her roses and walked to Miss Brown's backyard, where she sat reading. “What else did Rachel do?” asked Amy. “She wrote poems in her flower garden,” Miss Brown answered. “One of her poems even won a prize in a school competition.” Amy closed her eyes.“How good it would feel, but I don't know how to write poems,” she said. Miss Brown smiled, “The best way is to read poems first.” She handed Amy her book. “Thanks,” said Amy. Amy lay on her stomach next to her roses and read. Then she started to write. That night she had a poem that might not be a prizewinner but sounded good enough. Still, it was too bad that Rachel wasn't there. The third day, Amy watered her flowers, wrote a new poem, and then walked to Miss Brown again. “What else did Rachel do?” asked Amy. “She played in the attic(阁楼). Come with me,” Miss Brown invited. “Thanks!” said Amy. “Make yourself at home,” Miss Brown said and left Amy to search alone there. Then Amy found a trophy (奖杯) with these words—First Prize in Poetry. Rachel Brown. 1937. Slowly, a smile spread across her face. Amy ran back to Miss Brown, “I wonder if Rachel would like to write poems in my flower garden.” Miss Brown smiled, “I think she would love to.” 1.Why was Amy unhappy at first? A.She couldn't meet Rachel. B.She didn't like the new house. C.She didn't have any friends there. D.She was left alone to Miss Brown. 2.What did Miss Brown do to help Amy? A.She told Amy to stay alone. B.She worked and read with Amy. C.She showed Rachel's poems to Amy. D.She suggested some activities to Amy. 3.What did Amy find out about Rachel in the attic? A.Who she really is.　　　 B.Her secret hobby. C.How old she is now.　　　 D.Her prizewinning poem. 4.Which is the main lesson of the story? A.Having shared interests is important to a real friendship. B.Working in the garden is the best way to fight loneliness. C.Parents should think twice before moving to a new place. D.It is difficult for children to make friends with grown-ups. 文章讲述Amy一家搬到了一个新的地方,没有朋友感到很孤独,后来在邻居Miss Brown的引导下,做了很多有意义的事情。 1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的Why the long face, Amy?和第三段中的There aren't any kids around to play with可知,Amy因为没有其他小朋友在身边陪她玩而不开心,故选C。 2.D　细节理解题。根据文章可知,Miss Brown先是建议Amy种玫瑰,然后又建议她读诗、写诗等,让Amy做各种有意义的活动,故选D。 3.A　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句Then Amy found a trophy with these words—First Prize in Poetry. Rachel Brown. 1937.可推知,Amy意外发现Rachel原来就是Miss Brown 本人,故选A。 4.A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,Miss Brown通过和Amy分享她的兴趣爱好,建立了两人真正的友谊,故选A。 二 　　Shashiyu was once a poor village in Hebei Province, but now it has changed into a rich and livable place. In the 1940s, villagers in Shashiyu had little food and few clothes, but they had a strong wish for a better life. Zhang Guishun, the Party secretary of Shashiyu, encouraged his villagers to do their best to pull themselves out of poverty. “In the ancient Chinese story, Yu Gong could move mountains with his strong will and hard work, why can't we? Nobody was born to be poor!” Hearing his words, the villagers decided to make a difference. Led by the Communist Party of China(中国共产党),the villagers carried water and soil to their village from faraway places to improve their land. From 1966 to 1971, they reclaimed(开垦)lots of land and greatly improved their life. However,the village encountered a new problem two decades later as the environment became heavily polluted by chemical plants and mine refineries built in the 1990s. The polluting factories were shut down in 2004,and villagers started grape cultivation, which soon became a main industry in Shashiyu. In 2009,the city-level government invested over 1 million yuan($152,723) to change the village's exhibition hall into a museum in memory of development efforts made by earlier generations. After 10 years, the village was called “National Forest Village”. Zhang said that the village started a yearly tourism festival in 2015 to attract travelers to pick grapes.“The grapes could be sold at a better price once Shashiyu becomes famous through this festival. Our villagers can then live even better lives,”he said. 1.Why did Zhang Guishun use the story of Yu Gong to encourage the villagers? A.Because Yu Gong had strong will and hard work. B.Because Yu Gong was born poor too. C.Because the villagers worshiped Yu Gong. D.Because Yu Gong became rich at last. 2.From 1966 to 1971, what did the villagers do to improve their living situation? A.They planted grapes to earn money. B.They carried water and soil to their village to improve their lands. C.They moved to another place to live a better life. D.They built a lot of factories. 3.Which word can be used to describe the villagers? A.Hard-working.　　　 B.Lazy. C.Kind-hearted.　　　 D.Stupid. 4.When was Shashiyu called “National Forest Village”? A.In 2009.　　　 B.In 2004. C.In 2015.　　　 D.In 2019. 5.Where can you probably read the passage? A.In a storybook.　　　 B.In a newspaper. C.In a sports magazine.　　 D.In a science book. 本文是一篇记叙文,文章讲述了河北沙石峪村的变化。 1.A　推理判断题。根据第二段的encouraged his villagers to do their best to pull themselves out of poverty可知,他是想借用愚公移山的故事来鼓励村民们尽最大努力摆脱贫困。故选A。 2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段the villagers carried water and soil to their village from faraway places to improve their land. From 1966 to 1971, they reclaimed lots of land and greatly improved their life.可知选B。 3.A　推理判断题。通读全文可知,村民们都是很勤劳的人,故选A。 4.D　细节理解题。根据第六段和第七段可知,从2009年起,10年后,即2019年,沙石峪村被称为“国家森林村”,故选D。 5.B　推理判断题。本文讲述的是一个村庄的发展过程,很可能出现在报纸上,故选B。 三 　　When I was a girl growing up, I cannot once ever remember either my mum or my grandma wasting food. Anything we didn't eat at one meal was leftovers(剩菜). I can remember my grandma making a huge pot of potatoes. We would all eat until we were full enough,but there were always about half of the potatoes left over. A few days later,Grandma would take those potatoes out of the fridge,boil some noodles, add some vegetables and mix them all together. And I also remember when I watched my mum fry bacon(煎培根)for us in the mornings, she would always take the oil carefully and pour it into a bottle. Then she would use it later to add flavor to so many other dishes. I was an adult before I realized that potatoes didn't actually taste like bacon! I learned their lessons well, and after I grew up, I tried to never waste food myself. I always planned the week's meals ahead of time and only bought what was on my shopping list so that nothing went to waste. Every meal went into our stomachs and any leftovers were later eaten by either myself, my boys, my husband or my dogs. To me, throwing food into the bin was just wrong. However, when it comes to living,there are no leftovers. Life is just like a feast. Each moment that you don't live is lost forever. Life cannot be saved or stored. Each day is a fresh beginning. Live each moment of your life to the fullest, then. 1.The writer's grandma used the leftover potatoes to 　　　.  A.mix with noodles　　　 B.boil some vegetables C.fry bacon　　　 D.throw away 2.Why did the potatoes cooked by the writer's mum taste like bacon? A.Because she mixed the bacon with potatoes. B.Because she put potatoes into the containers. C.Because she was good at cooking. D.Because she poured the bacon oil into potatoes. 3.According to the passage, how did the writer save food in her way? A.By shopping ahead of time. B.By throwing it into the litter bin. C.By following her mother's shopping list. D.By planning the next week's food. 4.What does the underlined word “feast” in the last paragraph probably mean? A.Sweat dream.　　　 B.Large meal. C.Happy story.　　　 D.Beautiful picture. 5.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A.It is never too old to learn. B.Eat to live, but not live to eat. C.Neither food nor life should be wasted. D.There is no such thing as a free lunch. 本文是一篇记叙文,文章讲述作者从小受妈妈和外婆的影响,养成了节约食物的好习惯,自己成家后仍然坚持节约粮食。 1.A　细节理解题。根据第二段第四句A few days later, Grandma would take those potatoes out of the fridge, boil some noodles, add some vegetables and mix them all together.可知,答案选A。 2.D　推理判断题。根据第二段第五句和第六句可知,妈妈会把煎培根的油保存起来,再加入其他菜中,所以妈妈做的土豆尝起来像培根,故选D。 3.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的I always planned the week's meals ahead of time...可知,作者总是提前计划好当周的饭菜,故选D。 4.B　词义猜测题。根据上下文可知,作者把人生比作一场盛宴,真实的宴席会有剩菜剩饭,可以保存下来,但人生不一样,一旦失去,就永远没有了。由此可知,这里的feast应该是“盛宴”的意思,故选B。 5.C　主旨大意题。文章前面提到作者受妈妈和外婆的影响,养成了节约食物的好习惯,最后又联系我们的生活,不管是食物还是人生,我们都不应该浪费,故选C。 四 　　I came to the United States from Africa to live with my uncle Jim in Maryland. One year later, I lost my sight because of a serious illness. Jim told me not to go out. He worried I would get lost or hit by a car. But I was dogged. I told him I'd pay attention. I believed I'd succeed. I must succeed. I must put my will into action. I dreamed of being a broadcaster. Then a neighbor told me that a public library in Washington D.C. was offering a free course, specially designed for blind people. This was an important chance for me. But how would I map my way? I knew that the American singer Ray Charles, also blind, got around on his own without a cane(手杖). His secret was to count steps. But I couldn't seem to do that way. Instead, I developed my imagination, sensing the layout (布局)of places I visited and taking notes of landmarks in my mind. At first, I would have to stop to imagine and map a new space in my mind. The next time I visited that place, I used that to find the way. Today, I am used to doing it. But I've still lost my way many times. I'd have to swallow my pride to ask for help, not thinking what others think or say about me. Sometimes I'd be down and I'd consider giving up. Perhaps my uncle was right. Maybe I'd stay home and wait until someone came to help. On those days when I lost my way, I'd go to bed with a bad feeling. 　▲　. I had a strong wish to beat blindness and be successful, and that was usually enough to get me out of bed the next day and try again.  Along the way I learned to be patient with myself and realized that asking for help didn't diminish(贬低) me in any way. I've got three academic degrees so far. Today, I'm a reporter and broadcaster. I've achieved my dream. Yes, I've lost my way many times—and found it again. Yes, I've come close to being hit by a car but never been hit by one. When people ask, “Aren't you afraid to be out alone?” the answer to me is clear: I would face danger and find happiness instead of staying home and being unhappy. 1.The writer 　　　one year after he moved to the US.  A.got lost　　　 B.became blind C.lost his parents　　　 D.was hit by a car 2.Which of the following can be put in “　▲　” in Paragraph 6?  A.And my uncle knew it well B.But I kept that to myself C.And my uncle was with me D.So I gave up trying again 3.What might Jim say when he talks about the writer at the end of the story? A.That boy can see!　　　 B.That boy is so poor! C.We are free now!　　　 D.I've done much for him! 4.The best title of this passage might be 　　　.  A.An Imagination to Succeed B.Life with My Uncle C.A Common Way to Success D.Study in the Library 文章讲述作者因一场疾病而双目失明,但他没有被命运打倒。凭借自己的不懈努力,终于实现了自己的梦想。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的I lost my sight because of a serious illness可知答案是B。 2.B　推理判断题。根据设空处前文On those days when I lost my way, I'd go to bed with a bad feeling和后文I had a strong wish to beat blindness and be successful...可知,“我”不会去倾诉,更不会放弃,而是依靠内心强烈的愿望去打败失明,获得成功。keep sth. to oneself不将……说出去。故选B。 3.A　推理判断题。虽然双目失明,但是“我”在不懈地努力之后,成为了记者和节目主持人,成功实现了梦想。所以Jim(作者的叔叔)为此应该是自豪地称赞。故选A。 4.A　标题归纳题。文章是一篇励志故事:讲述了“我”因病导致双目失明,但是通过自己的想象,构思地图,外出学习,最终成功实现了自己的梦想,将自己的想象变成了成功的现实。故本题选择A。 五 　　“Amy! Milk!”Mama called. Milk. It was Amy's turn to get it. Amy sighed and shut her first-aid(急救) book. Amy tied the cow close to a tree. Somewhere down the mountain, some volunteer doctors were teaching medical skills to village nurses. Amy heard Betty drive off hours ago. “She should have taken me with her. She thinks I'm too young,” Amy thought. “But she's wrong. I am already 15!” Amy carried the milk back to Mama, and then wandered up the road. Roy, a village boy, was trying to stand on a horse's back. “No wonder they don't trust kids with anything important,” Amy thought. She had just turned away when she heard a heavy fall and a few cries. Roy was on the ground. “Roy!”The kids nearby ran towards him. “Get Betty,” one said. Amy shook her head. “Betty's gone to the city.” The kids didn't know what to do. Amy ran to Roy and saw one of his legs out of shape. A broken leg! She remembered what the first-aid book said about it. “Victor!” Amy called to one of the boys. “Go get Roy's mama, and find someone with a truck.”She turned to the others. “Give me your shirts. We need something to tie his leg with.” Amy then found a strong, straight stick. She carefully wrapped the shirts around Roy's leg and the stick. Roy cried out in pain. “I know it hurts,” Amy said softly. “But this will hold it still until you get to the hospital.” When Amy was done, she looked up and saw Roy's mama and a man watching beside a truck. “Thank you, Amy,” Roy's mama said. Amy helped them lift Roy into the truck, and then they drove down the hillside towards the hospital. The next day, Betty came to Amy's home. “I heard what you did,”Betty said. “You kept your head in an emergency. That's an important skill.” Amy's face turned red. “I was afraid...” Betty shook her head. “It's OK for a nurse to be afraid, as long as she has a clear head. The volunteer doctors are coming tomorrow with vaccines. We need some more hands. Can you help?” “I'd love to.”Amy replied at once. “Come early, then. There is a lot to learn.” Amy smiled. “I'll bring my first-aid book.” 1.Why didn't Betty take Amy with her to the medical training? A.Amy was busy reading. B.Amy had to milk the cow. C.Betty left too early in the morning. D.Betty thought Amy wasn't old enough. 2.What happened to Roy? A.He fell off the horseback. B.He was kicked by the horse. C.He successfully stood on the horseback. D.He was pulled off the horseback by the kids. 3.What is the correct order of Amy's first-aid actions? a.She found a proper stick. b.She helped lift Roy into the truck. c.She asked the boys for some shirts. d.She tied the shirts around the broken leg. e.She sent someone to get Roy's mum and a truck. A.c-e-a-b-d　　　 B.a-c-e-d-b C.e-c-a-d-b　　　 D.e-c-a-b-d 4.Why did Betty invite Amy to help the doctors in the end? A.Amy had similar experiences before. B.Amy was cool-headed when giving first-aid. C.Betty regretted not taking Amy to the training. D.Betty realized that Amy had become a good doctor. 5.Which sentence best describes a lesson from the story? A.Only trained doctors and nurses can provide first-aid. B.Knowledge from books can help solve real-life problems. C.Children need enough practice before they can be helpful. D.Helping with housework is important to children's health. 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个名叫Amy的小女孩利用自己学习到的急救知识帮助了从马背上摔下来受伤的Roy。 1.D　细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“She should have taken me with her. She thinks I'm too young,”...可知,Betty没有带Amy去参加医疗培训是因为她认为Amy年龄太小。故选D。 2.A　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句Roy, a village boy, was trying to stand on a horse's back.和第五段中...she heard a heavy fall and a few cries. Roy was on the ground.可知,Roy从马背上摔下来了。故选A。 3.C　细节理解题。Amy的急救顺序是:(1)派人去叫Roy的妈妈和一辆卡车;(2)问男孩子们要衬衫;(3)找一条合适的木棍;(4)用衬衫把受伤的腿绑起来。(5)帮忙把Roy抬上卡车。由此可知,选择C。 4.B　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第六段中“You kept your head in an emergency. That's an important skill.”和倒数第四段中“as long as she has a clear head”可知,Betty是因为Amy能在急救的过程中保持头脑冷静而邀请她去给志愿医生们帮忙。故选B。 5.B　主旨大意题。根据第六段最后一句She remembered what the first-aid book said about it.和整篇文章的内容可知,来自书本上的知识能够帮助解决现实当中的问题。故选B。 六 　　According to a research, more than 130 billion pounds of uneaten food go to waste in Laura's country each year. That is about 30% of the yearly food supply (供应). It is a sad fact, especially when you consider how many families and homeless people are in hunger. When Laura saw her school dining hall throw away food that was not eaten at all every day, she came up with an idea. She started a project to help her school dining hall to give away uneaten food to homeless shelters (庇护所) in her community. In the past three years, the same project has spread to other schools and some fast food restaurants throughout the city. The project is called Feed & Find, and has already fed thousands of people in her city. How does it work? Through an app, Feed & Find matches local homeless shelters with school dining halls and restaurants that have uneaten food to provide. When dining halls or restaurants have uneaten food left, they can use the app to share the information about the food. A truck driver working for the project is then sent to pick it up and take it to a shelter. Pretty cool, right? It's not surprising that people in other cities have got in touch with Laura, hoping that she could help develop similar projects for their communities. Some people, however, have concerns about the safety of the uneaten food. They think such food may not be clean enough. Still, this project is a clever way to help solve the problem of food waste and it helps those in need. 1.The numbers in Paragraph 1 tell us 　　　.  A.some people are poor B.food waste is serious C.the population is large D.the research is interesting 2.Laura's project first got food from 　　　.  A.her school dining hall B.her family C.a fast food restaurant D.a homeless shelter 3.People in other cities would like Laura to 　　　.  A.find a truck driver B.visit their communities C.give away food to them D.help develop projects like hers 4.The underlined word “concerns” in this passage means 　　　.  A.ways　　 B.secrets　　 C.worries　　 D.decisions 5.Which can be the best title for this passage? A.A Dining Guide App B.A Food Sharing Project C.A Driving Service App D.A Food Safety Project 本文是一篇说明文,向我们介绍了一个由Laura开创的节约食物的项目。 1.B　细节理解题。 根据第一段中的“...more than 130 billion pounds of uneaten food go to waste in Laura's country each year. That is about 30% of the yearly food supply.” 可知,食物浪费现象十分严重,故选B。 2.A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“She started a project to help her school dining hall to give away uneaten food to homeless shelters in her community.”可知,Laura这个项目首先是从她学校的餐厅获取食物开始的,故选A。 3.D　细节理解题。根据第四段中“people in other cities have got in touch with Laura, hoping that she could help develop similar projects for their communities”可知,其他城市的人们希望Laura帮他们的社区开发类似的项目,故选D。 4.C　词义猜测题。根据下一句“They think such food may not be clean enough.”可知,他们认为这样的食物可能不够干净,也就是对食物的卫生状况感到担心,所以“concerns”在这里的意思应该是“担心”,故选C。 5.B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要向我们介绍了一个节约食物的项目。该项目帮助学校和快餐店把未吃的食物捐赠给无家可归者收容所,不仅节约了食物,而且使食物得到了充分利用,故选B。 七 The top-selling album (唱片), Songs of the Humpback Whale, was made public in 1970. This collection of nature recordings changed the way many people thought about whales, and it helped save thousands of whales' lives. The album might never have been made without a sound engineer named Frank Watlington. In the 1960s, Watlington was making underwater recordings when he noticed some strange, deep sounds. He realized they were coming from whales. Watlington played the recordings for a pair of scientists named Roger and Katy Payne. When they listened, they fell in love with these beautiful voices at once. Katy Payne studied music as well as animals, and she was greatly surprised by how the whales communicated using sounds like an opera (歌剧) singer. She also noticed another interesting fact: the sounds had clear patterns. According to scientists, an animal sound with a repeating pattern is called a song. Some scientists even compared these singing animals to musicians. The Paynes thought that other people should also hear the beauty of the whales' songs. So Roger made the recordings into an album. At the time when the album came out, whales were often caught, killed and traded for money. Some kinds were even in danger of dying out. Most people had never thought that whales could communicate through songs. But after hearing the album, they began to think differently. The album led people to take action to save whales. Musicians began using whale songs in their music, and whales were included in movies and television shows. In 1982, a ban to stop deep-sea whaling was made. Before it, in the 1950s and 1960s, more than fifty thousand whales per year were killed. After it, the number went down below two thousand. It might seem impossible that just one album could help save the lives of so many whales. But this album told people secrets about whales that had long been hidden under the sea. It allowed whales to finally share their songs with the human world. 1.What is the purpose of the passage? A.To call on people to save whales. B.To tell how a good album was made. C.To show that whales are born singers. D.To introduce an album and its stories. 2.Who first found the special voices of the whales? A.A song recorder. B.An opera singer. C.A sound engineer. D.An animal scientist. 3.What fact about the whales surprised Katy Payne? A.They could talk with scientists. B.They could sing like an opera singer. C.They could repeat interesting sounds. D.They could communicate through songs. 4.Which is one of the values of the album? A.It successfully stopped deep-sea whaling. B.It helped people understand whales better. C.It made some music and movie stars popular. D.It encouraged musicians to work with scientists. 文章介绍了一个热销唱片以及它背后的故事,目的是号召人们保护鲸鱼。 1.A　写作意图题。本文是在介绍一个唱片以及它背后的故事,真正的目的是想号召人们了解鲸鱼,拯救鲸鱼,故选A。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的The album might never have been made without a sound engineer named Frank Watlington可知答案选择C。 3.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Katy Payne...she was greatly surprised by how the whales communicated using sounds like an opera singer可知,答案选择D。 4.B　细节理解题。根据文章内容,尤其是最后三段内容可知,这张唱片帮助人们更多地了解了鲸鱼,而且人们也采取了行动来保护鲸鱼,并取得了一定成效,故答案应选B。 八 Looking at the undone homework on his desk always makes David Grey feel uncomfortable. More often than not, David leaves his homework behind and surfs the Internet or watches TV instead, waiting until the last minute. “But the longer I wait,” says David, aged 15, “the more I worry.” Everyone procrastinates (拖延) because they want to feel good now. The way to do that is to avoid the task. You can procrastinate on nearly anything, even enjoyable tasks such as planning a vacation. “Some people procrastinate cleaning. Some people procrastinate by cleaning,” says Professor Peter Stone. Research has shown that the top tasks young people procrastinate are studying and going to bed.“One big cause for procrastination is that people are afraid of failure, of not meeting others' expectations,” Stone adds. Some people believe that procrastination will make them thrive. But researchers disagree. “I did a study several years ago, asking procrastinators to finish a task in a certain period of time,” says Stone. “They did worse than non-procrastinators: they made more mistakes and they took longer. But they thought they did better.” No matter what the cause is, procrastination is usually not going to be good for you. For example, bedtime procrastination can lead to sleeplessness, which in turn can cause many other health problems. For those who need some drives to stop procrastinating, the best advice might be to take action first. If you've been procrastinating on forming a habit of exercise, just put on your walking shoes. A little bit of progress will get you moving. Next, find something to help you remember to take action. If you want to go to bed at 10:30 pm, you might set a timed dimmer switch (渐暗开关) at 10 pm. When the lights are dimmer, you'll start going to bed. It works for most people. Finally, reward yourself every time you make progress. For example, after you've run 3 km, enjoy your favourite ice-cream. But be careful:it won't work the other way around. 1.What can be the best title of this passage? A.A day of a procrastinator B.Procrastination: yes or no? C.Say goodbye to procrastination D.Want to feel good now? Procrastinate! 2.What is the main reason for people's procrastination? A.They want to avoid doing hard work. B.They fear to lose and let others down. C.They need to finish the top tasks first. D.They plan to do the enjoyable tasks last. 3.The underlined word “thrive” in paragraph 3 most probably means 　　　.  A.think faster　　　 B.work more successfully C.give up more easily　　　 D.worry too much 4.What should David do if he wants to stop procrastinating on a writing task? A.Put on some soft music to help think actively. B.Enjoy a favourite ice-cream, and then start writing. C.Search the Internet for enough ideas before starting. D.Pick up a pen and write down possible starting sentences. 文章介绍了现实生活中人们存在的拖延现象,拖延现象产生的原因和危害以及解决办法。 1.C　标题归纳题。文章先是介绍了现实生活中人们存在的拖延现象,然后说明了拖延现象产生的原因和危害,但最重要的是希望通过一些方法来解决拖延问题,告别拖延,故选C。 2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段的“One big cause for procrastination is that people are afraid of failure, of not meeting others' expectations”可知选B。选项中的fear to lose and let others down就是文中afraid of failuer, of not meeting others' expectations的同义替换。 3.B　词义猜测题。根据第三段中But researchers disagree...They did worse than non-procrastinators: they made more mistakes and they took longer可知,相比没有拖延症的人,有拖延症的人做事效率更低,做得更差。又根据表转折的But可知,thrive 在本句的意思应该是“工作更成功”,故选B。 4.D　推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知,David长期养成了拖到最后一刻再做作业的坏习惯。根据第四段可知,解决这种问题的最好办法就是take action first,所以David应该首先要行动起来,比如拿起一支笔,写下可能的开头句,故选项D是比较好的解决办法。 九 　　Can plants talk?Modern research has found something amazing:they do communicate with each other. It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.This happens when a plant gets attacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help:“I'm being attacked!”When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps(黄蜂)!The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops. More surprisingly,plants also use sound to communicate. People can't hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chili plants do this.Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water. Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi(霉菌). It links the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web,plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may use it to steal food from each other,or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web. Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. 1.What will plants do when they are attacked by insects? A.They will kill the insects by themselves. B.They will control the wasps to kill the insects. C.They will send out signals to ask for help. D.They will produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help. 2.How is the wood wide web linked by fungi? A.By making noises with their roots. B.By connecting the roots of different plants to each other. C.By sharing food and information with each other. D.By spreading chemicals to each other. 3.What is the writer's intention of the last paragraph? A.To give people hope for further studies. B.To praise scientists for their great achievements. C.To call on people to protect the plants on Earth. D.To inspire people to communicate with plants. 4.What is the structure of the passage? 5.Which is the best title for the passage? A.The Secret Language of Plants B.The Study about the Plant Warning System C.The Plants that Give Warnings D.Why Scientists Do Research about Plants 本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们研究发现植物之间也可以相互交流。 1.D　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten.可知,当植物受到攻击时,会释放出化学物质,故选D。 2.B　细节理解题。根据第四段第三、四句The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi. It links the roots of different plants to each other.可知霉菌将不同植物的根联系起来,故选B。 3.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.可知,随着进一步研究,我们会对植物之间的交流有更多的了解,因此作者是给人们继续研究的希望,故选A。 4.B　语篇结构题。文章第一段引入话题,第二至四段介绍了植物之间交流的方式,第五段总结全文并展望未来的研究前景,故选B。 5.A　标题归纳题。通读全文,并结合文章第一段中的Modern research has found something amazing:they do communicate with each other.可知,本文主要讲的是植物之间的交流,即植物自己的语言,故选A。 长难句　It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.植物利用化学物质相互交流,人们知道这一事实已经有一段时间了。 本句为主从复合句。that引导主语从句,It为形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语。 十 　　Chinese is mainly divided into 13 dialects (方言) and these dialects can be further divided into many kinds of local dialects. Putonghua (or Mandarin), the predominant dialect, is spoken by over 70% of the population and is one of the 6 official languages of the United Nations. Within these large dialect groups, there are small groups, many of which are difficult to understand. In Fujian, for example, people living 10 kilometres away from one another can be speaking different Min dialects. Putonghua. It is the mother dialect of Chinese living in northern China and Sichuan Province. It is called Guoyu in some parts of China, like Hong Kong, Macao (澳门) and Taiwan. It is known in English as Mandarin Chinese, or Standard Chinese. Wu. Spoken in Shanghai, most of Zhejiang and the southern parts of Jiangsu and Anhui, Wu is made up of hundreds of different spoken forms. Hakka/Kejia. Hakka is widely spoken in Fujian, Taiwan, and some countries in Southeast Asia. Min. It is spoken in Fujian, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. Min group is the most diverse (多样的), with many different spoken forms used in neighbouring countries. Yue. It is spoken in Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, all over Southeast Asia and by many Chinese living abroad. 1.What does the underlined word “predominant” mean? A.More beautiful.　　　 B.More special. C.More interesting.　　　 D.More common. 2.What do you know about Putonghua after reading this passage? A.It is used by a small group of people in China. B.It is spoken only by people in Mainland China. C.It is included in the official languages of the United Nations. D.It is the mother dialect of people living in southern China. 3.Based on the passage, which of the following is true? A.Most people in Anhui speak Kejia. B.Wu is the local dialect of Shanghai. C.Yue has the most different spoken forms. D.Most people in Hong Kong speak Min. 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了汉语的几大方言。 1.D　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的is spoken by over 70% of the population可知,画线词意为“更普遍的”。故选D。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中and is one of the 6 official languages of the United Nations可知,普通话是联合国六大官方语言之一,所以C项正确。故选C。 3.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中Wu. Spoken in Shanghai可知,上海当地方言为吴语,所以B项正确。故选B。 重点词汇　be divided into...被分为……; be made up of...由……组成; spoken form口头形式 词汇积累　dialect方言;official language官方语言;Macao澳门; diverse多样的 一 At Alexandria Country Day School in Virginia, a group of sixth-graders had a special project. They used 3D printers to create mini 3D-printed model villages which were designed (设计）for homeless people. The students got the idea from a company called Icon, which makes homes with 3Dprinters and whose goal is to make cheap housing for everyone. Icon's homes are made of concret-like (混凝土类) materials，which are very cheap. And building these homes just takes a few days. Allison McDonald is the science teacher and the director of the sixth-grade project. She said. “Through the project, the students not only learned about invention and teamwork. but they also learned to understand the true needs of homeless people.” While creating their mini 3D buildings, the students explored (探索）how such technology allows the freedom of design and how to better use the technology in daily life. They said getting the details correct bel printing was hard. Putting a lot of thought into their communities, they made houses, stores, and schools. Besides, they also made churches, health centers, community gardens, theaters and even bus stops to make the people who will live there get a sense of belonging (归属感). Amber Fogarty is the president of Mobile Loaves & Fishes, which is an organization in Austin, Texas and provides homes for people in need for free. After learning about the students' project, Amber said, “Both the project and the students are excellent! Imagine the possibilities. How can you use your brains and hearts to solve problems? I don't know what the future holds with 3D printing. But the possibilities are very exciting. It is a journey of discovery.” 1. What's the purpose of the passage? A. To ask us to take care of people in need. B. To introduce a 3D-printing project made by sixth graders. C. To encourage students to learn 3Dprinting as early as possible. D. To talk about the potential market of 3D printing. 2. According to the passage, the 3D-printed homes_____. A. can be built anywhere and anytime B. are very strong and fast to be built C. are built in a short time and at lower cost than traditional building D. are beautiful and environmental-friendly 3. How did the students make people in the villages have a sense of belonging? A. By making many places that are common in daily life. B. By studying how to use 3D printing technology in daily life. C. By getting everything that people need ready before printing. D. By considering the connection between3D printing technology and design. 4. What can we learn about the students and their project? A. The students got the idea from Icon. B. The students learned nothing from the project. C. The project didn’t high praise from Amber Fogarty. D. The project helped the students get a chance to study at Icon. 长难句分析 原句：（第二段第一句)The students got the idea from a company called Icon, which makes homes with 3Dprinters and whose goal is to make cheap housing for everyone. 译文：学生们从一家名为Icon的公司那里得到了灵感，该公司用3D打印机建造房屋，其目标是为每个人建造廉价住房。 分析：本句是一个复合句。which makes...3D printers和 whose goal...for everyone 分别是由 which 和whose引导的非限制性定语从句，补充说明主句中的Icon。 译文 在弗吉尼亚的亚历山大乡村日间学校，一群六年级学生拥有一个特别的项目。他们用3D打印机创造了小型3D模型村庄，这些村庄是为无家可归者设计的。 学生们从一家名为Icon的公司那里得到了灵感，该公司用3D打印机建造房屋，其目标是为每个人建造廉价住房。Icon的房屋是由混凝土类材料制成的，非常便宜。建造这些房屋只需要几天时间。 Allison McDonald是一位科学老师，也是六年级项目的负责人。她说：“通过这个项目，学生们不仅学会了发明创造和团队合作，还学会了理解无家可归者的真正需求。”在创造他们的小型 3D 建筑时，学生们探索这项技术如何带来设计自由，以及如何在日常生活中更好地使用这项技术。他们说，在打印前做对细节是很难的。他们为自己的社区进行了大量的思考，制作了房屋、商店和学校。此外，他们还制作了教堂、健康中心、社区花园、剧院甚至公交车站，以使将来在那里生活的人获得归属感。 Amber Fogarty是Mobile Loaves & Fishes 的主席，Mobile Loaves & Fishes是得克萨斯州奥斯汀市的一个组织，它免费为有需要的人提供住房。在了解了学生们的项目后，Amber说：“出色的项目，出色的学生！想象一下各种可能性。你们能以怎样的方式运用自己的大脑和心灵，从而解决问题呢？我不知道3D打印的未来会怎样，但种种可能都是非常令人兴奋的。这是一段探索的旅程。” 答案详析 1. B 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一群六年级的学生在老师的指导下，用3D打印技术为无家可归者打印了小型3D模型村庄的事情。由此可推知，本文的目的是介绍一个六年级的学生们所做的3D项目。 2. C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句"Icon's homes are made of concrete-like materials, which are very cheap. And building these homes just takes a few days.”可知，Icon的3D打印房屋是用混凝土类的材料制成的，比较便宜；建造这些房屋只需要几天时间。由此可推知.3D打印房屋的成本比较低、用时比较短。 3. A细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，为了让将来生活在那里的人获得归属感，学生们还建造了教堂、健康中心、社区花园、剧院甚至公交车站，这些都属于日常生活中常见的地方，故A项正确。 4.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“The students got the idea from a company called Icon"可知，学生们是从Icon公司得到的灵感，故A项正确；根据第三段中Allison McDonald说的话可知，通过这个项目,学生们不仅学会了发明和团队合作，还学会了了解无家可归者的真实需求，故B项错误：根据最后一段中Amber说的话中的“Both the project and the students are excellent!”可知，该项目赢得了Amber Fogarty 的高度赞扬，故C项错误。文章并没有提到学生们可以在Icon学习，故选A。 二 Washing clothes is easy for most people living in cities, as washing machines do the job. However, in many poor areas, people have to wash their clothes by hand, as they don't have electricity or money to buy the machines. Now, a new bamboo washing machine might help them solve this problem. The machine is a simpler traditional washing machine. However, it uses the natural flow(流动)of the water instead of electricity. It has a wooden rotation shaft(转轴) in the center and a bamboo drum(大桶) outside. You just put the machine in a river and water will go into the bottom of the machine and rotate the drum. This creates an eddy(涡流) that cleans clothes. A 7-member team from the School of Design at Dalian Minzu University created the machine. “There are 836 million people living in extreme poverty(极端贫困) in the world. They have to spend lots of time and energy doing little things like washing clothes. We want the bamboo washing machine to help them free up their time so they can do more meaningful things, like fighting poverty," said Pan Cheng, one of the designers(设计者). “The best thing about this machine is that it's cheap and easy to make," said Yu Yue, another designer." We give people the rotation shaft and teach them how to set up the machine. They can find bamboo locally and make it into drums. If there is no bamboo, they can also use materials like wood.” The designers said they spent more than half a year working on the machine. They had many team meetings and changed their design at least four times. But in the end. they were happy with the results. 1.The bamboo washing machine was created for people who____. A. want to save time B. live in poor area C. are busy with work D. want to save electricity 2.Which of the following shows how the bamboo washing machine works? a. The machine is put into a river. b. Eddy in the machine cleans clothes. c. Water goes into the bottom of the machine. d. Water in the drum drives the wooden rotation shaft. A. abed B. acdb C. cabd D. cdab 3.Why did Pan Chen come up with the idea? A. He believed bamboo washing machines would be helpful for everyone. B. He thought bamboo washing machines would gain much popularity. C. He grew up in a poor area without much electricity. D. He wanted to help the poor free up their time. 4.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. making a bamboo washing machine is easy and cheap. B. How people make the washing machine. C. Yu Yue built the washing machines for people. D. How the designers can find bamboo or wood. 5.What’s the author’s attitude to the bamboo washing machine？ A. positive B. doubtful C. uncaring D. disappointed 长难句分析 原句：（文章首句)Washing clothes is easy for most people living in cities , as washing machines do the job. 译文：对大多数生活在城市的人来说，洗衣服很容易，因为洗衣机可以完成这项工作。 分析：这是一个复合句。as washing machines do the job是as引导的原因状语从句。 译文 对大多数生活在城市的人来说，洗衣服是很容易的，因为洗衣机可以完成这项工作。然而，在许多贫困地区，人们不得不用手洗衣服，因为他们没有电，也没有钱买洗衣机。现在，一款新的竹洗衣机可也许能帮助他们解决这个问题。该机器是一款更简单的传统洗衣机。不过，它是利用自然水流而不是用电力。它的中心有一个木质旋转轴，外部有一个竹筒。你只需把机器放进河里，水流入机器底部，然后驱动转轴。如此形成的涡流便可以清洗衣服。 大连民族大学设计学院的一个7人团队创造了这个机器。其中的一位设计师潘成说：“世界上有8.36亿人生活在极端贫困中。他们不得不花费大量的时间和精力来做洗衣服这样的小事。我们希望竹洗衣机能够帮助他们腾出时间，这样他们就能做更多有意义的事情，比如与贫困作斗争。” 另一位设计师于跃说：“这个机器最好的一点是它造价便宜，而且制作方便。我们给人们提供旋转轴，教他们如何安装机器。他们可以在当地找到竹子，把它做成桶。如果没有竹子，他们也可以使用木头等材料。” 设计师们说，他们花了半年多的时间来研究这个机器。他们开了多次团队会议，至少修改了四次设计方案。但最终，他们对结果感到满意。 答案详析 1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However，in many poor areas, people have to wash their clothes by hand”可知，在很多贫困地区，人们不得不用手洗衣服；再结合最后一句“Now，a new bamboo washing machine might help them solve this problem.”可知，这款竹洗衣机就是为这些生活在贫困地区的人创造的。 2.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“You just put the machine in a river and water will go into the bottom of the machine and rotate the drum. This creates an eddy that cleans clothes."可知.竹洗衣机的工作原理是把机器放到河里后，水会进入机器底部，然后滚筒中的水驱动木制转轴，如此形成的涡流便可以洗衣服。 3.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“There are 836 million people living in extreme poverty in the world.”可知，世界上有8.36亿人生活在极端贫困中；再结合该段中的“We want the bamboo washing machine to help them free up their time”可知，他希望竹洗衣机能帮助贫困的人们腾出时间。故选D项。 4.A段落大意题。通读第四段可知，这款竹洗衣机造价便宜、制作方便，人们可以自行安装。由此可知，A项“制作竹洗衣机是容易的且便宜的”符合题意。 5.根据全文最后一句But in the end. they were happy with the results.（但最终，他们对结果感到满意）可知态度是积极的；故选A。 三 A librarian in Indonesia's Java Island is lending books to children in exchange for trash(垃圾)they collect in a new way to clean up the environment and get the children to read more. Each weekday. Raden Roro Hendarti rides her three-wheeler with some books for children in Muntang village and carries back plastic cups, bags and other trash. The moment she shows up, children will run to her “Trash Library” and choose their favorite books. They all carry trash bags and Raden's three-wheeler quickly fills up with them as the books fly out. She's happy the children are going to spend less time on online games as a result. “I hope this can help children get into the habit of reading, help them get more knowledge from young age and mitigate the harm of the online world, ”Raden said." We should also make them aware of the environment and take care of our trash in order to fight climate change and to save the earth from trash.” She collects about 100 kg of trash each week, which is then sorted out by her colleagues（同事)and sent for recycling. She has a total of6,000 books to lend and wants to offer the mobile service to neighboring areas as well. Kevin Alamsyah is an 11-year-old book lover. "I seldom read before, but now I am always the first one to run to the ‘library'. I know when there is too much trash, our environment will become dirty and it's not healthy. That's why I look for trash to borrow a book," he said. The literacy rate(识字率) for above-15-year-olds in Indonesia is around 96 percent,but a recent report by the World Bank warned that theCOVID-19 will leave more than 80% of 15-year-olds reading much less than before. Raden's work is really helpful especially during theCOVID-19. 1.What can we infer from the second paragraph? A. The children are so poor that they can’t read. B. The books are given out for free. C. Some parents didn’t encouraged their children to read. D. The “Trash Library" is very popular in Muntang village. 2. What does the underlined word“ mitigate” mean in English? A. 减少 B. 发展 C. 进步 D. 衰落 3.What do Raden and her colleagues do with the trash? A. ruin it. B. recycle it C. Sell it. D. burn it. 4.Why are Kevin Alamsyah and the literacy rate mentioned? A. To help children to learn more. B. To suggest building more “Trash Libraries". C. To stress the effect of the“ Trash Library”. D. To show off children's efforts for reading. 5.Which of the following words can best describe Raden? A. selfless and quiet. B. Friendly and brave. C. Creative and warm-hearted. D. Humorous and honest. 长难句分析 原句：（最后一段第一句)The literacy rate for above-15-year-olds in Indonesia is around 96 percent, but a recent report by the World Bank warned that the COVID-19will leave more than 80% of 15-year-olds reading much less than before. 译文：印度尼西亚15岁以上的青年的识字率约为96%，但最近世界银行的一份报告警告称，新冠肺炎将会使 80%以上的15 岁青年的阅读量比以前少得多。 分析：这是一个由but连接的并列复合句。在第二个分句中，that the COVID-19...less than before 为 that引导的宾语从句，作动词warned的宾语。 译文 印度尼西亚爪哇岛的一位图书管理员把书借给孩子们，以换取他们收集的垃圾，这种新方式既能清洁环境，又能让孩子们多读书。 每个工作日，Raden Roro Hendarti都会骑着她的三轮车为Muntang村的孩子们带一些书，并把塑料杯、塑料袋和其他垃圾带回来。她一出现，孩子们就会跑向她的“垃圾图书馆”，选择他们喜欢的书。孩子们都带着垃圾袋，Raden 的三轮车很快就装满了这些垃圾，书转眼就发走了。她很高兴孩子们会因此而减少花在网络游戏上的时间。 “我希望这能帮助孩子们养成阅读的习惯，帮助他们从小就获得更多的知识，同时减轻网络世界带来的危害。”Raden说。“我们也应该让他们树立环境意识，处理好我们的垃圾，从而应对气候变化，让地球免受垃圾的困扰。” 她每周收集大约100千克的垃圾，然后，她的同事们会对垃圾进行分类，并将它们送去回收。她总共有6000本书可供借阅，她希望也能在邻近地区提供这项流动服务。 Kevin Alamsyah是一名11岁的图书爱好者。“我以前很少读书，但现在我总是第一个跑去‘图书馆’。我知道垃圾太多的时候，我们的环境会变得很脏，而这种环境是不健康的。这就是我寻找垃圾来借书的原因。”他说。 印度尼西亚15岁以上的青年的识字率约为 96%，但最近世界银行的一份报告警告称，新冠肺炎将会使 80%以上的15岁青年的阅读量比以前少得多。Raden的工作是很有益的，特别是在新冠肺炎疫情期间。 答案详析 1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The moment she shows up, children will run to her Trash Library' and choose their favorite books."和该段中出现的quickly和fly out 等信息可知，Raden一出现，孩子们就会跑向她的“垃圾图书馆”，选择他们最喜欢的书，书分发得很快，三轮车很快就被垃圾填满了。由此可推知，“垃圾图书馆”在这里非常受欢迎。 2.A词义猜测题。该段中Raden讲述了创办“垃圾图书馆”的目的，内容应该是积极向上的；结合画线词后的“the harm of the online world"可知，此处应该是降低网络世界对他们的危害。故 reduce“降低；减少”与mitigate意义相近。 3.B 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“She collects about 100 kg of trash each week, which is then sorted out by her colleagues and sent for recycling.”可知，Raden和同事们会将收集的垃圾进行分类，并送去回收利用。 4. C 推理判断题。通读文章可知，Raden创办“垃圾图书馆”是为了帮助孩子们养成读书的习惯，并培养他们的环保意识。根据倒数第二段中 Kevin Alamsyah 说的话可知，他以前很少读书，现在总是第一个跑去换书，为保护环境尽了自己的一份力，这就达到了Raden的目的；再结合最后一段的内容可知，受新冠肺炎的影响，80%以上的15 岁青年的阅读量比以前少得多,而 Raden所做的事情对应对这种现象有很大的帮助,所以文章提到 Kevin Alamsyah 和识字率是想以此来说明“垃圾图书馆”带来的影响。 5.C 推理判断题。为了帮孩子们养成读书的习惯，并培养他们的环保意识，Raden推出了垃圾换书这项服务,这种方式很新颖，由此可知Raden是一个有创意的人。文中还提到Raden 骑着三轮车去 Muntang村给孩子们送书,她还希望把这项服务提供给邻近地区的人们，让他们有书可读，由此可知Raden也是一位非常热心的人。 四 Japanese film director Ryo Takeuchi's latest documentary, Beyond the Mountain, which was shot（拍摄) in 2020,met Chinese audiences(观众) in late April,2021. Takeuchi is known for his documentaries about China's efforts in fighting COVID-19 including Long Time No See Wuhan and The Post-Pandemic Era. This time, his camera aimed at China's poverty alleviation(扶贫) efforts in Liangshan, Sichuan Province. In the first part of the documentary, Takeuchi and his team reached the“ cliff(悬崖) village" .They met some staff from a local bank, known as “moveable bank". The staff climbed up the mountain to provide banking services for the villagers at home. The documentary also recorded the present life of some villagers who moved out of the “cliff village". Now they are living under the mountain and their houses are provided by the local government. You can see many Yi women dressed in traditional clothing are learning to produce traditional Yi embroidery(刺绣)in the skill training class. In the documentary, Takeuchi mentioned the efforts the government has made to provide more chances for local children ,like a soccer school co-established by an education organization and a top Spanish soccer club that helps to send talented children to Spain for further training." My dream is to try my best to practice football forever. I want to be a football star like Wu Lei." one boy said. And the school provides the poor children with such a platform to chase their dreams. “I hope more and more people can come here to see for themselves one day. In my opinion ,the key to helping people there get rid of poverty is to let outside people know more about this place. "said Takeuchi. 1.According to Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2,Beyond the Mountain_____. A. was shot and met Chinese audiences in late April,2021. B. praised China's efforts in fighting COVID-19 C. was the first film about China directed by Takeuchi D. aimed at China's poverty alleviation efforts in Sichuan Province 2.The local bank was called“ moveable bank” because_____. A. the staff always changed their working place B. the staff always changed their working time C. the staff provided banking services at villagers' homes D. the staff moved the bank to the top of the mountain 3.What does the underlined word“ chase” mean in Chinese? A. 追逐 B. 记录 C. 弥补 D. 设定 4.From the text we can infer that______. A. all the villagers live in the houses provided by the local government now B. Yi women make money by learning to make modern Yi embroidery C. children in the" cliff village" are more likely to achieve their dreams now D. talented children in that soccer school can get further training in America 5.The purpose of shooting Beyond the Mountain is to_____. A .present people's poor life in Sichuan B. encourage people to come to help the poor people there C. praise the Chinese government‘s effort in fighting COVID-19 D. show the natural beauty of China. 长难句分析 原句：（第四段第一句)The documentary also recorded the present life of some villagers who moved out of the "cliff village". 译文：这部纪录片还记录了一些搬离“悬崖村”的村民目前的生活。 分析：这是一个复合句。who moved out of the“ cliff village"为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 some villagers。 译文 日本电影导演竹内亮在2020年拍摄的最新纪录片《走近大凉山》于2021年4月底面向中国观众播出。 竹内亮因其拍摄的关于中国抗击新冠肺炎的纪录片而出名，其中包括《好久不见，武汉》和《后疫情时代》。这一次，他将镜头瞄准了中国四川凉山的扶贫工作。 在纪录片的第一部分，竹内亮和他的团队到达了“悬崖村”。他们与一家当地银行的工作人员进行了会面。这家银行被称为“移动银行”。工作人员要爬到山顶，上门为村民提供银行业务服务。 该纪录片还记录了一些已经搬出“悬崖村”的村民们的生活现状。他们现在住在山下，房子是由当地政府提供的。你可以看到许多身着传统服装的彝族妇女正在技能培训课上学习制作传统的彝族刺绣。 在这部纪录片中，竹内亮提到了政府为了给当地儿童提供更多的机会所作的努力。比如，一个教育机构和一个西班牙顶级足球俱乐部共同建立的一所足球学校，目的是帮助把有天赋的孩子送到西班牙接受进一步的培训。一个男孩说：“我的梦想是一直竭尽全力地练习踢足球。我想成为像武磊一样的足球明星。”这所学校为贫困儿童提供了这样一个追逐梦想的平台。 竹内亮说：“我希望有朝一日，越来越多的人可以亲自来这里看看。在我看来，帮助当地人摆脱贫困的关键是让外界更多地了解这个地方。” 答案详析 1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“This time, his camera aimed at China's poverty alleviation efforts in Liangshan, Sichuan Province.”可知，竹内亮这次将镜头瞄准了四川大凉山的扶贫工作。 2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The staff climbed up the mountain to provide banking services for the villagers at home.”可知，银行的工作人员上门为村民提供服务，因而该银行被称作“流动银行”。 3.A词义猜测题；根据倒数第二段And the school provides the poor children with such a platform to chase their dreams. 可知，政府正努力为当地儿童提供更多的机会，合办的足球学校为孩子们提供了追逐梦想的平台。可知意思为追逐。 4.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容，尤其是最后一句“And the school provides the poor children with such a platform to chase their dreams.”可知，政府正努力为当地儿童提供更多的机会，合办的足球学校为孩子们提供了追逐梦想的平台，由此可推知，孩子们如今更有可能实现自己的梦想。 5.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“I hope more and more people can come here to see for themselves one day. In my opinion, the key to helping people there get rid of poverty is to let outside people know more about this place”可知，竹内亮认为帮助当地人们摆脱贫困的关键是让外面的人更多地了解这个地方，他希望有一天能有越来越多的人到那里亲眼看看，由此可知，他拍摄《走近大凉山》的目的是鼓励人们前来提供帮助。 五 Everyone knows that good sleep is important for our health. Not everyone know show important it is to sleep in the dark. A new report says sleeping with a light on could be bad for our health and turning off the lights when we sleep could help to keep away from diabetes(糖尿病)and heart disease. According to the report, around 40 percent of people sleep with some sort of artificial light such as light from a television or an alarm clock. which could influence our health. The worst thing to sleep with is a main light. Sleeping in the dark is more difficult for people who live in cities. where there is a lot of outdoor light at night. Dr Phyllis Zee is the lead researcher from the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, the USA. Her team studied 20 participants(参与者).They recorded their brainwaves. breathing, heart rates and also drew blood from them to measure melatonin（褪黑激素)levels while they were sleeping. They found that the participants who slept with a light on had higher blood sugar(血糖)levels the next morning compared to those who slept in total darkness. Dr Zee said this is because light makes their brain more active, which raises blood sugar levels. Besides, having the light on when the participants were sleeping made their heart rates increase. which in turn made it harder for their body to rest properly. “That's bad. Usually, your heart rate is lower at night and higher during the day.” the researcher said. Dr Zee said, “Make sure that you start dimming your lights at least an hour or two before you go to bed to prepare your environment for sleep. There are three things we can do to reduce the risk of illness: turn off the lights, never sleep with white or blue light, and use a curtain or wear an eye mask.” 1.What does the underlined word“ artificial” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Man-made. B. bright C. intelligent D. false 2.According to the report, why are people in cities more difficult to sleep in the dark? A. They have more stress. B. They usually work overtime. C. They enjoy a happy night life. D. They can't escape from outdoor light. 3.The researchers did the following things EXCEPT____. A. drawing blood from the participants B. recording the participants' breathing C. waking the participants up in the midnight D. measuring the participants' melatonin levels 4.What may be a result of sleeping with a light on? A. Making the brain less active. B. Raising blood sugar levels. C. Lowering the heart rate. D. Helping the body rest well. 5.Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A storybook. B. A textbook. C. A health magazine. D A travel guide 长难句分析 原句：（第二段最后一句)Sleeping in the dark is more difficult for people who live in cities, where there is a lot of outdoor light at night. 译文：对于住在城市里的人来说，在黑暗中睡觉更困难，因为那里晚上有很多户外灯光。 分析：这是一个复合句。who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 people; where there is...at night是where引导的非限制性定语从句，对cities进行补充说明。 译文 人人都知道良好的睡眠对我们的健康很重要。但不是人人都知道在黑暗中睡觉有多么重要。一份新的报告指出，开着灯睡觉会对我们的健康不利，睡觉时关灯有助于我们远离糖尿病和心脏病。 根据该报告，约有40%的人是伴着电视光、闹钟光等某种形式的人造光睡觉的，这会影响我们的健康。最糟糕的是伴着主灯睡觉。对于住在城市里的人来说，在黑暗中睡觉更困难，因为那里晚上有很多户外灯光。 Phyllis Zee博士是来自美国芝加哥西北大学范伯格医学院的首席研究员。她的团队对20名参与者进行了研究。他们记录了参与者睡觉时的脑电波、呼吸、心率，还抽血测量了他们的褪黑激素水平。 他们发现，与那些在完全黑暗的环境中睡觉的参与者相比，开着灯睡觉的参与者在第二天早上的血糖水平更高。Zee博士说，这是因为光使他们的大脑更加活跃，而这提高了血糖水平。此外，睡觉时开着灯会使参与者的心率加快，这反过来又使他们的身体更难好好休息。“这很糟糕。通常情况下，你的心率在夜间较低，在白天较高。”Zee博士说。 Zee 博士说：“在睡前至少一或两小时，要确保你开始调暗你的灯光，为睡眠准备环境。我们可以做三件事来减少患病的风险：关灯，永远不要在白光或蓝光下睡觉，睡觉时使用窗帘或佩戴眼罩。” 答案详析 1.A词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“such as light from a television or an alarm clock”可知,此处以电视或者闹铃产生的光为例说明artificial light；再结合选项可知，电视或者闹铃产生的光均为人造的。故artificial意为“人造的”。 2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Sleeping in the dark is more difficult for people who live in cities, where there is a lot of outdoor light at night.”可知，城市中的人更难在黑暗中睡觉，晚上这里有很多户外灯光。 3.C细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句"They recorded their brainwaves,breathing,heart rates and also drew blood from them to measure melatonin levels while they were sleeping.”可知，研究人员记录了参与者睡觉时的脑电波、呼吸、心率，并抽血测量他们的褪黑激素水平，C项“在午夜把参与者叫醒”在文中并没有被提及。 4.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句，可知，研究人员发现，与那些在完全黑暗的环境中睡觉的人相比，那些开着灯睡觉的人第二天早上血糖水平更高。 5.C 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了开灯睡觉不利于我们的身体健康这项新的研究，包括该研究的内容、结果和研究者的建议。故文章可能出自一本健康杂志 六 A spaceship from NASA hit an asteroid(小行星)about 11 million kilometers from Earth recently. This is part of NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART). NASA called it “the world's first task to test technology for protecting Earth” against asteroids or other space dangers. The spaceship traveled at a speed of22.500 kph. It hit the asteroid Dimorphos on September 26. NASA watched the event with cameras and telescopes(望远镜)on Earth. The team leader Nancy Chabot said, “This isn't going to blow up(炸毁) the asteroid. This really is about changing its path.” The asteroid, Dimorphos, is about 160meters wide. Before this hit.it completed one circle around a parent asteroid called Didymos every 11 hours and 55 minutes. NASA announced that the time was reduced by 32minutes by the hit. Although the hit only changes the asteroid's path a little, that will lead to a large re-direction over time." So if you were going to do this to protect Earth, you would do it 5. 10. 15 or 20years in advance in order for this technique to work," Chabot said. In fact,the two asteroids are not a threat(威胁)to Earth. They are both very small compared to the Chicxulub asteroid which hit Earth about 66 million years ago and killed most of the world's plants and animals including dinosaurs. But the test shows hitting the asteroid with a spaceship will be an effective(有效的）way if an Earth-threatening asteroid is discovered in the future. DART is the first human task to hit an asteroid, but it won’t be the last. Other countries, including China and Japan, have also started their own asteroid tasks. 1. Why did NASA send a spaceship to hit Dimorphos? A. To change the asteroid's speed. B. To find more space dangers and mystery. C. To blow up the asteroid completely. D. To change the asteroid's direction. 2After the hit, Dimorphos completes one circle around Didymos every____. A. 715 minutes B. 748 minutes C. 752 minutes D. 683 minutes 3.The result of the test shows that_____. A. the spaceship hit the asteroid is not fast enough B. both asteroids Didymos and Dimorphos are not very big C. hitting a dangerous asteroid with a spaceship is a good way D. discovering more space dangers ahead of time is significant 4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The hit happened under the watch of NASA. B. Many dangerous and mysterious asteroids have been found. C. DART will be the only human task to hit an asteroid. D. Dimorphos and Didymos have put Earth in great dangerous situation. 5.Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A textbook. B. A website. C. A news report. D. A travel brochure. 长难句分析 原句：（倒数第二段最后一句)But the test shows hitting the asteroid with a spaceship will be an effective way if an Earth-threatening asteroid is discovered in the future. 译文：但此次测试表明，如果未来发现威胁地球的小行星，用航天器撞击小行星将是一种有效的方法。 分析：本句是一个复合句。hitting the asteroid...in the future 为省略引导词that的宾语从句，作shows 的宾语。在该宾语从句中，hitting the asteroid with a spaceship为现在分词短语作主语；if引导条件状语从句。 译文 最近，NASA的一个航天器撞击了距离地球约1100万千米的一颗小行星。这是NASA“双小行星重定向测试”任务的一部分。NASA称之为“世界上第一个测试保护地球技术的任务”，以应对小行星或其他太空威胁。 飞航天器以每小时22500千米的速度飞行。它在9月26日撞击了小行星Dimorphos。NASA在地球上用照相机和望远镜观察了这一大事件。组长Nancy Chabot说：“此次撞击不会炸毁小行星，实际上是在改变其轨道。” 小行星Dimorphos宽约160米。在这次撞击之前，小行星 Dimorphos 每 11小时55分钟绕母小行星Didymos转一圈。NASA宣布说，此次撞击使绕行的时间减少了32分钟。 虽然这次撞击只是稍微改变了小行星的路径，但随着时间的推移，小行星将会大幅度改变方向。Chabot说：“因此，如果你打算以这样的方式来保护地球，就要提前5年、10年、15年或者20年的时间开始准备，以确保技术有效。” 事实上，这两颗小行星并不能对地球造成威胁。与大约在6600万年前撞击地球的Chicxulub小行星相比，这两颗行星都非常小。Chicxulub 小行星毁灭了包括恐龙在内的世界上大多数动植物。但此次测试表明，如果未来发现威胁地球的小行星，用航天器撞击小行星将是一种有效的方法。 “双小行星重定向测试”是人类撞击小行星的第一个任务，但不会是最后一个。包括中国和日本在内的其他国家也开始了自己的小行星任务。 答案详析 1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This isn’t going to blow up the asteroid. This really is about changing its path.”可知，此次撞击的目的不是炸毁这个小行星，而是改变其轨道。也就是说，NASA 利用航天器撞击小行星Dimorphos的目的是使其改变运转方向。 2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Before this hit, it completed one circle around...reduced by 32 minutes by the hit.”可知，撞击前，小行星Dimorphos绕母小行星 Didymos转一圈的时间是11小时55分钟，此次撞击使该时间减少了32分钟。由此可推知，撞击后，小行星Dimorphos绕Didymos转一圈的时间是11小时23分钟；即683分钟。 3.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段倒数第一句“But the test shows hitting the asteroid with a spaceship will be an effective way if an Earth-threatening asteroid is discovered in the future.”可知，此次测试表明，如果未来发现威胁地球的小行星，用航天器撞击小行星将是一种有效的方法。故C项正确。 4.A细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“NASA watched the event with cameras and telescopes on Earth.”可知，NASA在地球上用相机和望远镜观看了此次撞击。故A项正确。 5.C 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一句提出了“近日,NASA 的一个航天器撞击了距离地球约1100万千米的一颗小行星”这一事实，下文就此进行了介绍。故推测本文可能出自一篇新闻报道。 七 Time flies when we play with our smartphone. But when we get down to the real business of work and study, one hour feels like a year. Why are we so addicted to(人迷）smartphones but easily bored by studying? It all boils down to something small and hard to see: dopamine(多巴胺).Dopamine is a“ pleasure chemical(化学物质）”that makes people feel good. Our brains produce it when we eat yummy food, after we exercise or when we get a prize. Compared with studying, playing with smartphones causes our brains to produce more dopamine. For example, checking our phone for a text leads to a 400 percent increase in dopamine. But why? When we play with smartphones, we don't know what we'll see next. or who will send us a message. This uncertainty(不确定性）makes the dopamine system active. We get excited, wondering if we have messages from our friends. When our expectations are met, dopamine is produced. And to get more dopamine, we continue checking our phones. Studying doesn't provide such uncertainty. Without this excitement, we get bored much more easily. Can we do something to change that? According to scientists. apps can become less interesting if we turn off notifications(通知)or change the screen colors to black and white. We can also set time limits(限制) on apps to avoid using them too much. "As for studying, you could check our progress daily or weekly and reward yourself for it,” said Daniel Wong, writer of The Happy Student. “You could also search for interesting topics connected with your textbooks. Use what you've learned to make a difference in the real world. This will make knowledge much more interesting to learn.” 1.What might the phrase “boils down to" mean in Paragraph 2? A. Tracked out. B. Burns out. C. Replace with. D. Results from. 2.When do people have more dopamine? A. When their expectations are met. B. When they face less uncertainties. C. When they know what will happen next. D. When they stay in a friendly environment. 3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A. the reason that do people like uncertainty. B. the way to get more messages from our friends. C. the way scientists discover the way dopamine works. D. the reason that play with smartphones causes more dopamine. 4.How can we make apps less interesting according to Paragraph 5? ①Turn off notifications. ② Check them less often. ③Set time limits and allow for breaks.④Change the screen colors to black and white. A. ①② B.①③ C.①④ D.②④ 5.What might Daniel advise us to do to make learning interesting? A. Set time limits before we learning. B. Put what we've learnt into practice. C. Check our learning progress every term. D. Read the interesting parts in the textbooks first. 长难句分析 原句：（第四段第一句)When we play with smartphones, we don't know what we'll see next, or who will send us a message. 译文：当我们玩智能手机时，我们不知道接下来会看到什么，也不知道谁会给我们发消息。 分析：这是一个复合句。when引导时间状语从句;we don't know...a message为主句，or连接两个分别由what和who引导的宾语从句，作don't know的宾语。 译文 我们在玩智能手机的时候，时间过得飞快。但当我们真正开始工作或学习的时候，感觉度日如年。为什么我们对智能手机如此着迷，却很容易对学习感到厌倦呢？ 这一切都归结为一个小且很难看到的物质：多巴胺。多巴胺是一种让人感觉良好的“快感化学物质”。当我们吃到美食的时候、锻炼之后或者获奖的时候，大脑都会分泌多巴胺。 相比学习，玩智能手机会让我们的大脑分泌更多的多巴胺。比如，当我们在查看手机短信时，大脑会多分泌400%的多巴胺。但为什么会这样呢？ 当我们玩智能手机的时候，我们不知道接下来会看到什么，也不知道谁会给我们发消息。这种不确定性会使多巴胺系统活跃起来。我们很兴奋，想知道我们是否收到了朋友们的消息。当我们的期待得到满足时，多巴胺就会产生。为了让身体分泌更多的多巴胺，我们会继续玩手机。而学习的过程中却没有这样的不确定性。我们兴奋不起来，所以更容易感到厌倦。 有什么办法能让我们改变这种状况吗？据科学家称，如果我们关掉应用程序通知或者将屏幕颜色设为黑白色，应用程序就没那么有趣了。我们还可以设置使用应用程序的时间限制，以免过度使用它们。 The Happy Student 的作者 Daniel Wong 建议：“就学习而言，你可以每天或者每周回顾一下自己的进步，并因此给自己一点奖励。你也可以找寻一些和课本相关的有趣的话题，利用你所学的知识在现实生活中产生影响。这将使知识学起来更有趣。” 答案详析 1.D 词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“Why are we so addicted to smartphones but easily bored by studying?”可推知，第二段应该是在解释我们如此沉迷于智能手机，却很容易对学习感到厌倦的原因；根据第二段中的“Dopamine is a‘pleasure chemical' that makes people feel good.”可知，多巴胺是一种让人感觉良好的“快感化学物质”。由此可推知，此处指这一切都归结为一个小且很难看到的物质：多巴胺。boils down to 和results from“归结于；起因于”意思相近。 2.A细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“When our expectations are met, dopamine is produced.”可知，当我们的期望得到满足时，多巴胺就会产生。 3.D段落大意题。根据第三段可知，相比学习，玩手机会让我们分泌更多的多巴胺；通读第四段可知，我们玩手机时的不确定性会使多巴胺系统活跃起来，当我们的期待得到满足时，多巴胺就会产生。由此可知，本段主要回答了上一段最后一句“But why?”，即为什么玩手机会导致产生更多的多巴胺。 4.C细节理解题。根据第五段中的“According to scientists, apps can become less interesting if we turn off notifications or change the screen colors to black and white.”可知，据科学家称，如果我们关掉应用程序通知或者将屏幕设为黑白色，应用程序就不会那么有意思了。 5.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Use what you've learned to make a difference in the real world. This will make knowledge much more interesting to learn.”可知，Daniel 建议我们,要利用我们学到的知识在现实世界中产生影响。他认为，这将使知识学习起来更有趣。 八 A butterfly-shaped island called Astypalea may become Greece's first carbon-free(无碳的)place for tourists. Under an agreement with the government, Volkswagen, a carmaker, has given several new electric cars to this island for its public services; and it will sell others at cost price to the local people. In return, the government has increased subsidies(补贴)for people to buy electric cars. Besides, the government also plans to build a solar-wind power plant(发电厂). Different from other nearby islands, Astypalea is not connected to Greece's electricity grid(电网）.With only 3.000 rooms for visitors in small hotels, tourism is still not very developed. Many local people make a living by raising goats, keeping bees and fishing. It was chosen for Volkswagen's experiment after Nikos Komineas, the Mayor(市长),said the island needed an electric bus to test on the roads. Most people here are interested in the project. Mr Komineas expects the number of private cars on Astypalea to decrease by a third over the next five years. He says that the local people will be able to travel on e-scooters and electric minibuses, which are connected to a mobile-phone app and available all day and night. And they will be free! If everything goes well, a wind turbine(风力发电机)will be put up on this island in 2026. However. the local people worry that the sights will be influenced by the 200-meter-high turbine and the tourists will go elsewhere. And even then, the hybrid power plant can cover only about 80% of summer need. But it is a start. 1.What should people do if they buy an electric car on the island？ A. should pay for public services B. are supposed to pay for the new power plant C. can get a new one from the carmaker for free D. need to receive subsidies from the government 2.When was the island chosen for the experiment? A. After a solar-wind power plant was established. B. After its Mayor announced a need for an electric bus. C. After its Mayor realized its tourism was not very developed. D. After the local people travelled on e-scooters and electric minibuses. 3.What does the underlined word“ decrease” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. 改变 B. 上升 C. 下降 D. 浮动 4.The local people worry that______. A. their living cost will increase B. tourism on the island will be influenced C. there won't be enough electricity to use D. the wind turbine won't be built in 2026 5.What is the purpose of the passage? A. To push the tourism of the island. B. To introduce a beautiful island to us. C. o encourage us to live a carbon- free life. D. To show us an island's plan for a green lifestyle. 长难句分析 原句：（第三段第三句）He says that the local people will be able to travel on e-scooters and electric minibuses, which are connected to a mobile-phone app and available all day and night. 译文：他说，当地居民将能够乘坐电动摩托车和电动小巴出行，这些车与手机应用程序相连，可以全天候使用。 分析：本句是一个复合句。that后面所有内容为that引导的宾语从句，作says的宾语：which are connected to a mobile-phone app...and night 为which引导的非限制性定语从句，对先行词e-scooters and electric minibuses 进行补充说明。 译文 蝴蝶形的岛屿斯坦帕利亚岛（Astypalea）可能成为希腊第一个无碳旅游地。根据与政府达成的协议，汽车制造商大众公司已经向该岛提供了几辆新的电动汽车，用于其公共服务。它还将以成本价向当地人出售其他汽车。作为回报，该地政府增加了人们购买电动汽车的补贴。此外，政府还计划建立一个太阳能一风力发电厂。 与附近的其他岛屿不同，斯坦帕利亚岛没有接入希腊的电网。那里只有些小旅馆，只能为游客提供3000个房间，旅游业还不是很发达。许多当地人以养山羊、养蜜蜂和捕鱼为生。市长Nikos Komineas说该岛需要一辆电动巴士上路试用，随后，该岛被选为大众汽车公司的试验点。 大部分当地人都对这个项目感兴趣。Komineas先生预计，在未来五年内，斯坦帕利亚岛上的私家车将减少三分之一。他表示，当地人都将能乘坐电动摩托车和电动小巴出行，这些车与手机应用程序相连接，可以全天候使用。而且，它们将是免费的！ 一切顺利的话，2026年，一台风力发电机将被安装到这个岛上。然而，当地人担心，200米高的发电机会影响当地景观，这样一来，游客会去别的地方。即使到那时，该混合发电厂也只能满足80%的夏季需求。但这是一个开始。 答案详析 1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句“In return,the government has increased subsidies for people to buy electric cars.”可知，如果岛上居民购买电动汽车，他们将获得政府补贴。 2. B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It was chosen for Volkswagen's experiment after Nikos Komineas, the Mayor, said the island needed an electric bus to test on the roads.”可知，在市长说小岛需要一辆电动公交车后，该小岛被大众汽车公司选为试验对象。 3.C词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下一句可知，Komineas先生说，当地居民将能够乘坐电动摩托车和电动小巴出行，故此处指他预计五年内岛上私家车的数量将减少三分之一decrease在此处意为“减少”，与fall意义相近。 4.B细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“However,the local people worry that the sights will be influenced by the 200-meter-high turbine and the tourists will go elsewhere.”可知，当地居民担心风力发电机会对旅游业造成影响。 5.D 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了希腊的一个小岛上正在进行的无碳生活试验，告诉我们这个小岛推行绿色生活方式的计划，故选D项。 ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 第 2 页 共 20 页 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$