高二英语下学期期末考试（天津卷）-2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（外研版2019）

2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试（天津卷） 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．— Are you going to Tom’s birthday party? — ________ . I might have to get prepared for mid-term exams. A．It depends B．Thank you C．Sounds great D．Don’t mention it 2．_______ from the moon, the earth looks like a colorful ball. A．Seeing B．Seen C．Having seen D．Having been seen 3．She was admitted to Peking University, ________ made her parents very happy. A．that B．who C．which D．whom 4．We hurriedly went to the hotel, only to be told that we were not able to get a room because we ________ in advance. A．didn't book B．hadn't booked C．hasn't booked D．weren't booking 5．Mrs. White, almost seventy, is always and doesn’t look tired at all. A．energetic B．patient C．intelligent D．relaxed 6．Technology makes________possible that millions more people have been able to experience a digital version of the world-famous painting. A．it B．this C．that D．one 7．I hear Dennis has finished another book, How can he fit everything into his busy ______? A．regulation B．principle C．schedule D．movement 8．You ________ apologize; it can happen to anybody to be late. Come and sit down. A．can't B．ought not to C．mustn't D．don't have to 9．To my delight, I from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. A．was chosen B．was being chosen C．would choose D．had chosen 10．You should never blame the boy for the result of the test, for he had tried his best though all are . A．in view B．in vain C．in value D．in doubt 11．I’m sure that your hard work will in future. A．take off B．pay off C．get off D．call off 12．He decided to ________ the rest of his life to scientific investigation. A．approve B．cherish C．devote D．digest 13．In time of serious accidents,________we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. A．whether B．until C．unless D．if 14．—I feel nervous when taking an exam. — you can do it well. A．Good luck B．Take your time C．Take it easy D．It’s up to you 15． is the most important in study is diligence rather than intelligence. A．When B．Which C．Who D．What 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 I have been afraid of heights for as long as I can remember. When I was 11, my school built a leadership training center that had various challenges. The most 16 of the all was called “The Leap of Faith”, where you had to climb a 17 to a platform 1 meters high. Once there, you had to 18 the platform and reach out to grab a rope. I had seen students do it and had sworn there was no way I would ever 19 it. One day my teacher asked me, “Are you going to try?” I 20 it off and told him that he couldn’t pay me to do it. 21 he encouraged me until finally I agreed to do it. I climbed up and when I got to the top, I was in shock and couldn’t 22 . Seeing this, my teacher 23 that instead of jumping off the platform and grabbing the rope, I just 24 on the edge and then slide down. I sat down, but still couldn’t bring myself to slide off the 25 . I sat there for 20 minutes. Finally, with the 26 of my class, I slid down. When I finally reached the ground, I heard two boys 27 me about it behind my back. So, I decided I wanted to 28 again. Over the next two weeks, I did all sorts of things to 29 myself. I jumped off tables and did some high ropes stuff. One morning before school I went down to the 30 climbed to the top of the ladder, encouraged myself and then…I DID IT! I had never before felt so 31 of myself. I 32 so much during that time. The most important thing was that sometimes situations are 33 , but that doesn’t make them impossible. People will doubt you in life, but I have learned that 34 is the best way to reply to people like that. So, always keep dreaming and don’t let your 35 get in the way. 16．A．difficult B．interesting C．important D．useful 17．A．wall B．tree C．ladder D．rock 18．A．deal with B．jump off C．rely on D．hurry down 19．A．consider B．examine C．adopt D．attempt 20．A．put B．laughed C．called D．kicked 21．A．Therefore B．Instead C．Anyway D．Moreover 22．A．go B．leave C．speak D．move 23．A．suggested B．announced C．required D．agreed 24．A．lean B．lie C．sit D．stand 25．A．branch B．stage C．shore D．edge 26．A．doubt B．encouragement C．trust D．shouts 27．A．teasing B．asking C．praising D．blaming 28．A．act B．try C．show D．slide 29．A．assess B．please C．calm D．prepare 30．A．center B．hall C．woods D．playground 31．A．aware B．afraid C．proud D．serious 32．A．remembered B．achieved C．noticed D．learned 33．A．scary B．different C．strange D．dangerous 34．A．exercise B．knowledge C．success D．independence 35．A．anger B．confusion C．failures D．fears 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Programs for High School Students Below is a list of programs for high school students conducted by a variety of teachers, students and staff of Carnegie Mellon University. AI4ALL This program provides rising high school juniors and seniors with the opportunity to use artificial intelligence (AI) to address problems. Students learn from staff and researchers who’ve been leaders in AI since the field was invented at this university in the 1950s. For more information, call (412) 268-2082. SPARK Saturdays SPARK Saturdays is a Saturday workshop series created by volunteers studying Electrical and Computer Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University that aims to introduce beginners to concepts about electrical and computer engineering and expose them to engineering as a potential career choice. For more information, call (412) 268-3669. Linguistics(语言学) Olympiad This olympiad is a competition in which high school students solve linguistic puzzles. In solving the problems, students learn about the diversity, and consistency of language. No knowledge of linguistics or second languages is necessary. There is NO participation fee! For more information, call (412) 268-7517. SUCCEED SUCCEED is a 5-day program for rising 10th graders that is designed to expand your understanding of energy, the environment, and how those relate to climate change. For more information, call (412) 256-8162. 36．Which program is for rising high school juniors? A．AI4ALL. B．SPARK Saturdays. C．Linguistics Olympiad. D．SUCCEED． 37．What is special about SPARK Saturdays? A．It aims to expand students’ AI knowledge. B．It is conducted by university students. C．It helps enlarge students’ vocabulary. D．It asks for no participation fee. 38．In which program do students compete with each other? A．AI4ALL. B．SPARK Saturdays. C．Linguistics Olympiad. D．SUCCEED． 39．If you’d like to learn more about climate change, which number should you call? A．(412) 268-2082. B．(412) 268-3669. C．(412) 268-7517. D．(412) 256-8162. 40．Which program lasts for 5 days? A．AI4ALL. B．SPARK Saturdays. C．Linguistics Olympiad. D．SUCCEED． B The silence was broken by the voice of a child. Out of the window, I saw my neighbor and her six-year-old daughter, Ayuni, playing in the park. Ayuni tried to climb the ladders of the slide again and again. Ayuni cried, shouted at her mother to help her, and then fell, but her mother told her to try again. Every time Ayuni fell off the ladder, her mother asked her to get up rather than helping her and wiping her tears. I saw Ayuni shouting in anger, “You are the worst mother; I hate you!” But her mother listened to that quietly and patiently, and then she told her to try again. I was confused about why she was doing that. Even if she wanted Ayuni to learn to climb the ladders, she had to first help her by holding her and showing it practically to her. After all, Ayuni was too young to learn this based on verbal (口头的) instructions. Oh! I saw her mother trying to hide her tears as Ayuni fell for the 13th time! Then, I got curious to know what was going on! Later, I noticed there was a letter that was addressed to my mother on the desk near the window. I saw the signature “Lavangi”, which is the name of the little girl’s mother. From the letter, I knew why she did that. Now, I extract the following from this letter: “Dear Manya, you’ve been like my elder sister and I’m emotionally attached to you so I decided to write this letter. I’ve been diagnosed with the last stage of cancer. I just want you to know that I love you. You’ve been a great supporter during my difficult time. The last favor I need from you is to keep an eye on my daughter, little Ayuni...” After I read the letter, my tears rolled down my cheeks and I realized Ayuni’s mother was trying to teach Ayuni a lesson that she must be strong enough to live without her and do things by herself in the future. I gazed out of the window and then closed my eyes praying for Ayuni. I wished everything would go well with her. 41．How did Ayuni’s mother respond to Ayuni’s request in the park? A．She punished Ayuni. B．She let Ayuni do all by herself. C．She ignored it and criticized Ayuni. D．She was impatient with Ayuni. 42．How did the author feel most probably seeing the scene in the park at first? A．Touched. B．Relaxed. C．Puzzled. D．Delighted. 43．Who is Manya in the letter according to the text? A．Ayuni’s grandmother. B．The author’s mother. C．The author’s aunt. D．The author’s neighbor. 44．What did Ayuni’s mother expect her girl to learn through the incident? A．To be tough and independent. B．To be open-minded and ambitious. C．To enjoy the pleasure of exploration. D．To attach importance to physical exercise. 45．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To encourage people to help each other. B．To share a story about a mother’s special love. C．To illustrate the key to developing self-confidence. D．To make us realize the importance of keeping healthy. C Animals might not be able to speak or master advanced language techniques, but they certainly have other ways of communicating. Whale song, wolf howls, frog cries — even the fast dance of the honeybee or the friendly waves of a dog’s tail — are among so many ways animals pass on information to each other and to other living things of the animal kingdom. When it comes to hearing communication, not every member of a species is just alike. Animals in different places have often been sounding off in different dialects. For example, one study shows that blue whales produce different types of sounds depending on where they are from. Some bird species are the same way. And what about those birds that live on the border between territories (领地) of different songbirds? They are often able to communicate in a way accepted by each of their groups of neighbors. Communication between different species can play important roles as well. One study shows that iguanas (鬣蜥蜴) do not communicate by making sound, but their well-developed ears help them hear well the warning calls of the flycatcher (a type of small bird). The two species have nothing in common except for the fact that they share a general habitat and enemies. So when an iguana hears a bird make a signal of danger for other birds, it probably knows to be watchful for arriving enemies, too. However, as noise pollution has become a serious problem all across the globe, many animals are now under fire. Increased shipping traffic over the last century has greatly affected the spread of whale song around the ocean basin. Studies have found that songbirds, too, suffer from noisy city surroundings. Some species have had to change their singing styles, producing songs that sound louder, in order to be heard above the noise. Their new voices usually lead to stranger and somewhat worse styles of singing that female birds find decidedly less sexy. 46．What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 2? A．Various dialects can also happen to the same animals. B．Animals communicate with each other in different ways. C．Different animals have different ways of communicating. D．Animals from different places may make the same sound. 47．What can we learn about iguanas? A．They communicate by singing. B．They are born with poor hearing. C．They often bring bad luck to humans. D．They get along well with flycatchers. 48．By saying “many animals are now under fire”, the author means ________. A．they refuse to communicate with others B．they cannot communicate effectively C．they are now in danger of dying out D．they don’t make a sound any more 49．Due to noise pollution, songbirds ________. A．find it hard to attract the opposite sex B．produce more songs that sound sad C．begin to communicate by dancing D．can not find food easily any more 50．The author develops the passage mainly ________. A．by raising questions B．by following time order C．by providing examples D．by analyzing the data D Imagine two applicants are in a job interview: one expresses a great passion for the work, while the other points to family encouragement to pursue that field. Which applicant has a better chance of succeeding? Conventional wisdom suggests it would be the one who has a strong personal passion. Passion is not a universally powerful basis of achievement, but the culture a person grew up in matters a lot. That means universities and companies that frequently rely on passion in candidates are pretermitting talented students and employees. It seems that passion is a much stronger predictor of achievement in certain societies than others. “This leads to a blind spot among interviewers and is unfair to people from diverse backgrounds,” said Xingyu Li, the lead author of a new study. As a person coming from a collectivist (集体主义的) society, he knows exactly how people feel when they are rejected just because they are seemingly not as passionate as others. This research is novel for its using big data to compare a wider range of culturally diverse societies. The researchers collected the data including scores from 1.2 million high school students across 59 countries. They found those who felt passionate about science, reading, or other subjects were more likely to be given better scores. This is quite true in individualist societies such as the United States and Australia, compared with collectivist countries such as China, Thailand, and Colombia, where the students felt that having family support for their interest was important. Individualist countries regard the self as the source of motivation. For example, in the United States, doing well because of what others expect might seem to be evidence of a lack of potential. In collectivist societies, the self is inter-dependent, part of a web of relations, roles, and responsibilities. For instance, in the movie The Grandmaster, the legendary martial arts teacher Ip Man never said that he had a personal passion for kung fu. Rather, his drive to attain mastery came from the desire to live up to what his belt symbolized to his teacher and society. The findings open up the possibility of designing educational interventions that don’t rely only on the western idea of cultivating (培育) passion. That helps better unlock the potential of our students and workforce. 51．Who is more likely to succeed in a job interview according to most employers? A．Those who have a web of relations. B．Those who are familiar with the company. C．Those who gain much family encouragement. D．Those who have great enthusiasm for the position. 52．What does the underlined word “pretermitting” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Neglecting. B．Harvesting. C．Exploring. D．Defending. 53．What might be Xingyu Li’s team’s purpose of conducting the research? A．To clarify the link between students’ passion and academic performance. B．To encourage people to learn the cultures of different countries. C．To win people from different cultural contexts more chances of admission D．To show the importance of big data in culture-related studies at particular. 54．Who tends to regard family responsibility as a source of motivation? A．An American. B．A Colombian. C．An Australian. D．A Canadian. 55．What does the author intend to illustrate in Paragraph 5? A．The model of motivation varies from culture to culture. B．The negative effects of societal expectations on individuals. C．The role of self-realization matters in a person’s success and well-being. D．The typical personality types in individualist countries and collectivist ones. 第二部分:写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。 Computers, smartphones, and audio players are an essential part of students’ everyday lives. That means that whenever students are doing homework, they are going to be faced with the problem of using their devices for purposes other than learning. Instead of concentrating on one task, they are performing multiple tasks. According to the research by Larry Rosen, published in the journal Computers in Human Science, students spend up to 45% of their homework time on various tasks unrelated to their studies. Students often get distracted by their phones or use their laptops for unauthorized activities. Often, students think that they are able to multitask effectively, without sacrificing their studies. However, the research shows that it is true in only 5% of all cases. But why do teenagers multitask? The answer is simple: multitasking makes us feel good. As the research indicates, the entertainment gained from secondary activities during studies makes learners feel better emotionally. Watching TV or talking to your friends by email is pleasant and helps students fight boredom while doing homework or listening to a lecture they find boring. Another reason why students multitask is that they simply do not see the negative impact it has on their coursework. Teenagers often overrate their abilities. The seemingly tiny distractions, however, result in a constant need to switch focus and sort out information, injuring the brain by overuse and making the process inefficient. However, the effects of multitasking are not entirely negative. The research conducted by HKU indicates that people who routinely multitask are able to use their senses in conjunction more easily. Other research also shows that multitasking has a positive effect on the ability to pass judgment and solve problems quickly and efficiently. 56．What does the research by Larry Rosen tell us? (No more than 12 words) 57．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “unauthorized” in Paragraph 2? (No more than 3 words) 58．According to the text, why do teenagers multitask? (No more than 12 words) 59．Why are the effects of multitasking not entirely negative? (No more than 12 words) 60．Will you choose to multitask when doing homework? Why or why not? (No more than 25 words) 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61．假如你是李华，你所在的学校即将开展以“文明礼貌伴我行，争做文明中学生”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你根据下面的提示写一篇演讲稿。内容包括： (1)列举生活中至少两种不文明现象并写出各自产生的影响； (2)提出至少三条争做文明中学生的建议； (3)发出争做文明中学生的号召。 参考词汇：文明中学生 civilized middle school student 注意：(1)词数不少于100词； (2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； (3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Hello, everyone! My name is Li Hua. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thanks for listening! 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．A 【详解】考查交际表达。句意：——你要去参加汤姆的生日聚会吗？——看情况。我可能得准备期中考试了。A. It depends看情况；B. Thank you谢谢你；C. Sounds great听起来不错；D. Don’t mention it不客气。根据后文“I might have to get prepared for mid-term exams.”可知去不去生日聚会要看情况而定，故选A。 2．B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从月球上看，地球像一个彩色的球。A. Seeing；B. Seen；C.Having seen；D. Having been seen。分析句子可知，该句已有动词looks like，设空处应为非谓语动词，see和逻辑主语the earth之间为动宾关系，因此应用过去分词表被动。故选B项。 3．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她被北京大学录取了，这让她的父母很高兴。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前整个句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故选C。 4．B 【详解】考查时态。句意：我们匆忙地去了旅馆，结果被告知没有房间，因为我们没有提前预订。本题考查动词book（预定）相关时态的否定式。A. didn't book一般过去时的否定式；B. hadn't booked过去完成时的否定式；C. hasn't booked现在完成时的否定式；D. weren't booking过去进行时的否定式。本句主句的时态为一般过去时，由句中的 in advance可知，“预定”的动作应发生在过去的过去，因而用过去完成时，又根据句意得知没有预定，故用否定式。故选B。 【点睛】 5．A 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：怀特太太年近七十，但总是精力充沛，一点也不疲倦。A. energetic精力充沛的、充满活力的；B. patient有耐心的；C. intelligent聪明的、有才智的；D. relaxed放松的。根据后半句doesn’t look tired at all可知，此处应指Mrs. White精力充沛，energetic符合句意。故选A项。 6．A 【详解】考查代词辨析。句意：科技使得数百万人能够体验到这幅世界名画的数字版成为可能。A. it它；B. this这；C. that那；D. one一个。句中that引导的从句是真正的宾语，it作形式宾语。故选A项。 7．C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我听说丹尼斯又写完了一本书。他怎么能把所有的事情都安排到繁忙的日程中呢？A.regulation规章；B.principle原则；C.schedule日程表；D.movement运动。根据句意，此处意指Dennis非常繁忙，但是又写完了一本书，所以我很疑惑他怎么在繁忙的日程中抽出时间写书的。故选C项。 8．D 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：你不必道歉;任何人都可能迟到。过来坐下。A.can't 不能；B.ought not to 不应该；C.mustn't禁止；D. don't have to不必。根据“ it can happen to anybody to be late”可知，你不必道歉。故选D项。 9．A 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：让我高兴的是，我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。可以知道这里应该是被动语态，又因为被选中是过去发生的事情，这里只是对过去发生的事情的一般描述，故用一般过去式，故选A。 【点睛】本题旨在考查句子的时态和语态，要求学生明确地掌握各个时态的定义以及它们在时间上的划分段和用法，以及不同语态的用法。时态也是高考题的一个重点。辨明句子的时态，一是看句子中有没有明确表示时态的关键词，另一个方法就是结合句意判断动词的发生时间是在什么时候。 10．B 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：你不应该因为考试的结果而责备那个男孩，因为他已经尽力了，尽管一切都已徒劳（没有取得好成绩）。A. in view在视线范围内；B. in vain徒劳地、无效地；C. in value在价值上；D. in doubt不确定、怀疑。根据“ for he had tried his best though”可知，尽管一切都是徒劳的（没有取得好成绩），但小男孩已经尽力了，故选B项。 11．B 【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：我相信你的努力将来会有回报的。A. take off起飞、脱下；B. pay off得到回报、还清；C. get off下车；D. call off取消。根据前面的hard work可知，此处应指努力会得到“回报”，pay off符合句意。故选B项。 12．C 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他决定把他的余生奉献给科学研究。A. approve同意，批准；B. cherish珍视，珍爱；C. devote献身，致力；D. digest理解，消化。句子涉及动词短语devote...to...，意为“将……奉献给……；把……专用于……”，为固定搭配，在句中以动词不定式的形式作谓语动词decide的宾语。故选C项。 13．D 【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：在发生严重事故时，如果我们懂得一些基本的急救知识，我们就能挽救生命。A.whether是否；B.until直到；C.unless除非；D.if如果。由“we can save lives”可知，句子表示“如果我们懂得一些基本的急救知识，我们就能挽救生命”，因此空格处是“如果”，即if，故选D。 14．C 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我考试的时候很紧张。——别紧张。你可以做得很好。A. Good luck祝你好运；B. Take your time慢慢来、不用着急；C. Take it easy放轻松；D. It’s up to you取决于你。根据前一句的feel nervous和后面的do it well可知，此处是在让对方不要紧张，take it easy符合情境。故选C项。 15．D 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：学习中最重要的是勤奋，而不是智力。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个主语从句，从句中缺主语，结合后面的表语可知，此处表示物，应用what引导。故选D项。 16．A 17．C 18．B 19．D 20．B 21．C 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．B 29．D 30．A 31．C 32．D 33．A 34．C 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者克服了恐高症，面对一个具有挑战性的任务，并最终成功，了解到成功是对怀疑和恐惧的最好回应。 16．考查形容词义辨析。句意：其中最困难的是“信仰的飞跃”，你必须爬上一个1米高的梯子。A. difficult困难的；B. interesting有趣的；C. important重要的；D. useful有用的。根据“I have been afraid of heights for as long as I can remember.”可知，作者恐高，所以这个项目对作者来说是困难的。故选A。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中最困难的是“信仰的飞跃”，你必须爬上一个1米高的梯子。A. wall墙；B. tree树；C. ladder梯子；D. rock岩石。根据下文“One morning before school I went down to the ____15____ climbed to the top of the ladder,”可知，这个项目必须上一个1米高的梯子。故选C。 18．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：到了那里，你必须从平台上跳下来，伸手去抓绳子。A. deal with处理；B. jump off跳下来；C. rely on依靠；D. hurry down赶快下来。根据下文“Seeing this, my teacher　　8　　hat instead of jumping off the platform and grabbing the rope,”可知，这个项目必须从平台上跳下来。故选B。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我见过学生这样做，我发誓我永远不会尝试。A. consider考虑；B. examine检查；C. adopt采用；D. attempt尝试。根据前文“I have been afraid of heights for as long as I can remember.”可知，因为作者恐高，所以作者不会去尝试这个项目。故选D。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一笑置之，告诉他他不能让我去尝试这件事。A. put放；B. laughed大笑；C. called打电话；D. kicked踢。laugh off一笑置之。根据“I had seen students do it and had sworn there was no way I would ever____4____ it.”可知，作者发誓永远不会尝试，所以对老师的提议一笑置之。故选B。 21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不管怎样，他一直鼓励我，直到最后我同意了。A. Therefore因此；B. Instead代替；C. Anyway不管怎样；D. Moreover而且。根据“he encouraged me until finally I agreed to do it.”可知，老师不管作者怎样拒绝，都一直鼓励作者。故选C。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我爬了上去，当我到达顶部时，我吓得动弹不得。A. go去；B. leave离开；C. speak发言；D. move移动。根据前文“I have been afraid of heights for as long as I can remember.”可知，作者因为怕高，所以到达顶部时候，吓得不敢移动。故选D。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到这个，我的老师建议我不要跳下平台去抓绳子，而是坐在边缘然后滑下去。A. suggested建议；B. announced宣布；C. required要求；D. agreed同意。根据“instead of jumping off the platform and grabbing the rope, I just ____9____ on the edge and then slide down.”可知，这些是老师给作者的建议。故选A。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到这个，我的老师建议我不要跳下平台去抓绳子，而是坐在边缘然后滑下去。A. lean倚靠；B. lie躺；C. sit坐；D. stand站。根据“and then slide down.”可知，老师建议作者坐在边缘然后滑下去。故选C。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我坐了下来，但还是无法让自己从悬崖边上滑下去。A. branch树枝；B. stage舞台；C. shore岸；D. edge边缘。根据“I just ____9____ on the edge and then slide down.”可知，作者听从老师建议，坐在边缘然后滑下去，但因为害怕无法让自己从悬崖边上滑下去。故选D。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，在同学们的鼓励下，我滑了下来。A. doubt怀疑；B. encouragement鼓励；C. trust信任；D. shouts大声叫。根据“I slid down.”可知，作者在同学们的鼓励下滑下来。故选B。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我终于到达地面时，我听到两个男孩在背后取笑我。A. teasing取笑；B. asking询问；C. praising赞扬；D. blaming指责。根据“So, I decided I wanted to____13____again.”可知，因为受到两个男孩的取笑，所以作者决定再试一次。故选A。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，我决定再试一次。A. act行动；B. try尝试；C. show展示；D. slide滑动。根据“When I finally reached the ground, I heard two boys____12____me about it behind my back.”可知，因为受到两个男孩的取笑，所以作者决定再试一次。故选B。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的两个星期里，我做了各种各样的准备。A. assess评定；B. please让……高兴；C. calm镇静；D. prepare准备。根据“I jumped off tables and did some high ropes stuff.”可知，作者做了各种各样的准备。故选D。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天早上上学前，我走到中心爬上梯子的顶端，鼓励自己，然后……我做到了!A. center中心；B. hall大厅；C. woods树林；D. playground操场。根据“When I was 11, my school built a leadership training center that had various challenges.”可知，作者到领导力培训中心继续挑战自己。故选A。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从未为自己感到如此自豪。A. aware知道的；B. afraid害怕的；C. proud骄傲的；D. serious认真的。根据“I DID IT!”可知，作者终于成功了，所以为自己感到自豪。故选C。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那段时间我学到了很多。A. remembered记得；B. achieved获得；C. noticed注意到；D. learned学习。根据“but I have learned that ____19____is the best way to reply to people like that.”可知，那段时间作者学到了很多。故选D。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，有时候情况是可怕的，但这并不意味着它们是不可能的。A. scary可怕的；B. different不同的；C. strange奇怪的；D. dangerous危险的。根据“I have been afraid of heights for as long as I can remember.”和“but that doesn’t make them impossible.”可知，有时候遇到可怕的情况。故选A。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在生活中，人们会怀疑你，但我明白了，成功是回应这种人的最好方式。A. exercise锻炼；B. knowledge知识；C. success成功；D. independence独立。根据“People will doubt you in life,”可知，成功是回应怀疑你的人的最好方式。故选C。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，永远保持梦想，不要让你的恐惧成为阻碍。A. anger愤怒；B. confusion混淆；C. failures失败；D. fears害怕。根据“So, always keep dreaming”及全文可知，最后总结全文，作者建议我们不要让恐惧阻碍梦想。故选D。 36．A 37．B 38．C 39．D 40．D 【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍卡内基梅隆大学的教师、学生和教职员工为高中生举办的4个项目的介绍。 36．细节理解题。根据AI4ALL部分“This program provides rising high school juniors and seniors with the opportunity to use artificial intelligence (该项目为即将升入高中的三年级和四年级学生提供了使用人工智能(AI)解决问题的机会。”可知，AI4ALL是为初中学生准备的。故选A。 37．细节理解题。根据SPARK Saturdays部分“SPARK Saturdays is a Saturday workshop series created by volunteers studying Electrical and Computer Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University that aims to introduce beginners to concepts about electrical and computer engineering and expose them to engineering as a potential career choice. (SPARK Saturdays是一个周六系列研讨会，由卡内基梅隆大学学习电气和计算机工程的志愿者创建，旨在向初学者介绍电气和计算机工程学的概念，并让他们了解工程学作为一种潜在的职业选择。)”可知，SPARK Saturdays是卡内基梅隆大学学习电气和计算机工程的大学生创建的。故选B。 38．细节理解题。根据Linguistics(语言学) Olympiad部分“This olympiad is a competition in which high school students solve linguistic puzzles. (这个奥林匹克竞赛是高中生解决语言难题的竞赛。)”可知，在Linguistics Olympiad，学生们需要相互比赛。故选C。 39．细节理解题。根据最后一段“SUCCEED is a 5-day program for rising 10th graders that is designed to expand your understanding of energy, the environment, and how those relate to climate change. For more information, call (412) 256-8162. (SUCEED是一个为期5天的计划，面向即将升入十年级的学生，旨在扩大你对能源、环境以及这些与气候变化的关系的理解。欲知更多信息，请致电（412）256-8162。)”可知，如果想了解更多关于气候变化的情况，要参加SUCCEED，电话是（412）256-8162。故选D。 40．细节理解题。根据最后一段“SUCCEED is a 5-day program (SUCEED是一个为期5天的计划)”可知，SUCEED是一个为期5天的计划。故选D。 41．B 42．C 43．B 44．A 45．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者看到邻居带女儿Ayuni在公园玩耍，女儿在玩耍过程中不断摔倒，但是妈妈并没有帮她而总是告诉她再试一次。过后我才得知，因为邻居患有癌症即将离开，她在教女儿坚强独立。 41．细节理解题。根据第一段“Every time Ayuni fell off the ladder, her mother asked her to get up rather than helping her and wiping her tears. (每次Ayuni从梯子上摔下来，她的母亲都叫她站起来，而不是帮她擦眼泪)”可知，妈妈对Ayuni的要求所作出的反应是让她自己再试一次。故选B。 42．推理判断题。根据第二段“Then, I got curious to know what was going on! (然后，我很想知道发生了什么事)”可知，作者看到Ayuni及妈妈的行为，想知道发生了什么，由此可以推断出她的感受是“困惑”。故选C。 43．细节理解题。根据第三段“Later, I noticed there was a letter that was addressed to my mother on the desk near the window. I saw the signature “Lavangi”, which is the name of the little girl’s mother. (后来，我注意到靠近窗户的桌子上有一封写给我母亲的信。我看到了Lavangi的签名，这是小女孩母亲的名字)”可知，Manya是作者母亲的名字。故选B。 44．细节理解题。根据最后一段“After I read the letter, my tears rolled down my cheeks and I realized Ayuni’s mother was trying to teach Ayuni a lesson that she must be strong enough to live without her and do things by herself in the future. ( 看完信，我的眼泪顺着脸颊滚落下来，我意识到阿尤尼的母亲是想给阿尤尼上一课，她必须坚强起来，在没有她的情况下生活，自己做自己的事情)”可知，Ayuni的妈妈希望女儿从这件事中学到坚强和独立。故选A。 45．推理判断题。根据第一段“The silence was broken by the voice of a child. Out of the window, I saw my neighbor and her six-year-old daughter, Ayuni, playing in the park. Ayuni tried to climb the ladders of the slide again and again. Ayuni cried, shouted at her mother to help her, and then fell, but her mother told her to try again. Every time Ayuni fell off the ladder, her mother asked her to get up rather than helping her and wiping her tears. (寂静被一个孩子的声音打破了。透过窗户，我看到我的邻居和她六岁的女儿Ayuni在公园里玩耍。阿尤尼试着一次又一次地爬上滑梯的梯子。Ayuni哭了，对着妈妈喊救命，然后摔倒了，但是妈妈告诉她再试一次。每次Ayuni从梯子上摔下来，她的母亲都叫她站起来，而不是帮她擦眼泪)”以及最后一段“After I read the letter, my tears rolled down my cheeks and I realized Ayuni’s mother was trying to teach Ayuni a lesson that she must be strong enough to live without her and do things by herself in the future. (看完信，我的眼泪顺着脸颊滚落下来，我意识到Ayuni的母亲是想给阿尤尼上一课，她必须坚强起来，在没有她的情况下生活，自己做自己的事情)”可知，作者在文章开头讲述自己看到的邻居Ayuni和妈妈玩耍的故事，文章最后得知Ayuni的妈妈是因为患癌，所以想教会女儿独立和坚强。由此可以得知，作者写这篇文章的目的是要分享一个关于妈妈对女儿特别的爱的故事。故选B。 46．A 47．D 48．B 49．A 50．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动物之间也会交流，不管是同一种类动物内部还是不同种类动物之间都可能存在交流。 46．主旨大意题。根据第二段前两句“When it comes to hearing communication, not every member of a species is just alike. Animals in different places have often been sounding off in different dialects.(说到听觉交流，并非每个物种的成员都是一样的。不同地方的动物经常用不同的方言说话。)”可知，本段介绍即便是同物种直接也会存在方言。故选A。 47．推理判断题。根据第三段“One study shows that iguanas (鬣蜥蜴) do not communicate by making sound, but their well-developed ears help them hear well the warning calls of the flycatcher (a type of small bird). The two species have nothing in common except for the fact that they share a general habitat and enemies. So when an iguana hears a bird make a signal of danger for other birds, it probably knows to be watchful for arriving enemies, too.(一项研究表明，鬣蜥蜴并不通过发出声音来交流，但它们发育良好的耳朵帮助它们很好地听到捕蝇鸟(一种小型鸟类)的警告叫声。这两个物种除了共同的栖息地和天敌之外，没有任何共同之处。所以当鬣蜥蜴听到一只捕蝇鸟向其他捕蝇鸟发出危险的信号时，它也知道要警惕敌人的到来。)”可推断，这两种动物有共同天敌，故相处融洽。故选D。 48．词句猜测题。根据前一句“However, as noise pollution has become a serious problem all across the globe,(然而，随着噪音污染在全球范围内成为一个严重的问题)”以及下文所举例子“Increased shipping traffic over the last century has greatly affected the spread of whale song around the ocean basin.(在过去的一个世纪里，航运的增加极大地影响了海洋盆地周围鲸鱼歌声的传播。)”可知，噪音污染已经严重影响了动物之间有效的交流。所以many animals are now under fire意为“它们无法有效交流”之意。故选B。 49．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Some species have had to change their singing styles, producing songs that sound louder, in order to be heard above the noise. Their new voices usually lead to stranger and somewhat worse styles of singing that female birds find decidedly less sexy.(一些物种不得不改变它们的唱歌方式，发出更响亮的声音，以便在噪音中被听到。它们的新声音通常会导致更陌生和更糟糕的歌唱风格，雌鸟肯定会觉得不那么性感。)”可知，由于噪音污染，雄鸟很难吸引雌鸟。故选A。 50．推理判断题。根据文章内容，每一段都是先提出一个现象，然后再举例子来证明或说明这个现象，所以作者主要通过举例子来写文章。故选C。 51．D 52．A 53．C 54．B 55．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。学校和公司常常把申请人的激情作为评判依据，但这对来自不同文化背景的人来说是不公平的。西方国家认为自我是动力来源，而集体主义国家则认为自我是关系网、角色网和责任网中的一部分。了解这一点有助于更好地释放学生和员工的潜力。 51．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Which applicant has a better chance of succeeding? Conventional wisdom suggests it would be the one who has a strong personal passion.(哪位申请人成功的几率更大？传统观点认为，这将是那个有强烈个人激情的人。)”可推知，大多数雇主都倾向于选择对岗位有极大激情的人。故选D。 52．词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句“Passion is not a universally powerful basis of achievement, but the culture a person grew up in matters a lot.(激情并不是成就的普遍有力基础，但一个人成长的文化很重要。)”可知，文章指出激情并不是取得成就的普遍基础，成长文化也很重要，意在表明不赞成只依赖激情就做出选择的行为，画线词所在句是对前句的进一步解释说明。根据“universities and companies that frequently rely on passion in candidates”和“talented students and employees”可推测出，这里表示的是频繁信赖申请人激情的大学和公司会忽视有才华的学生和员工，pretermitting表示“忽视”，与neglecting(忽视)意思相近。故选A。 53．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘This leads to a blind spot among interviewers and is unfair to people from diverse backgrounds,’ said Xingyu Li, the lead author of a new study. As a person coming from a collectivist (集体主义的) society, he knows exactly how people feel when they are rejected just because they are seemingly not as passionate as others.(一项新研究的主要作者李兴宇说：‘这导致了面试官的盲点，对来自不同背景的人来说是不公平的。’作为一个来自集体主义社会的人，他非常清楚当人们因为看起来没有其他人那么有激情而被拒绝时的感受。)”可知，李兴宇认为只依靠激情就做出判断对来自不同背景的申请人来说不公平，他本人也来自集体主义社会，非常了解人们因为看起来缺乏激情而被拒绝录用的感受，由此可推测出，他进行这项研究的目的是为来自不同文化背景的人们争取更多录用机会。故选C。 54．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“This is quite true in individualist societies such as the United States and Australia, compared with collectivist countries such as China, Thailand, and Colombia, where the students felt that having family support for their interest was important.(与中国、泰国和哥伦比亚等集体主义国家相比，美国和澳大利亚等个人主义社会的情况更是如此，在这些集体主义国家，学生们认为家庭支持对他们的兴趣很重要。)”和第五段中的“In collectivist societies, the self is inter-dependent, part of a web of relations, roles, and responsibilities.(在集体主义社会中，自我是相互依存的，是关系网、角色网和责任网的一部分。)”可知，中国、泰国和哥伦比亚都是集体主义国家，这些国家的人重视家庭支持，认为自我是关系网、角色网和责任网的一部分。由此可推测出，四个选项中哥伦比亚人会将家庭责任视为动力来源。故选B。 55．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Individualist countries regard the self as the source of motivation.(个人主义国家把自我视为动力的源泉。)”和“In collectivist societies, the self is inter-dependent, part of a web of relations, roles, and responsibilities.(在集体主义社会中，自我是相互依存的，是关系网、角色网和责任网的一部分。)”以及举例可知，本段主要讲述了不同文化中动力来源的不同。故选A。 56．Students spend up to 45% of their homework time on multitasking. 57．Unlicensed/ without official permission. 58．Because they feel good and not aware of the negative impact. 59．Having a positive effect on passing judgment and solving problems. 60．No. Because multitasking will make it difficult for me to concentrate and efficiently completing my homework within the time limit. 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要说明了通常情况下多任务会导致学生分心，以及学生选择多任务的原因。 56．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“According to the research by Larry Rosen, published in the journal Computers in Human Science, students spend up to 45% of their homework time on various tasks unrelated to their studies.(根据Larry Rosen发表在《计算机与人文科学》杂志上的研究，学生将高达45%的家庭作业时间花在与学习无关的各种任务上。)”可知，其研究告诉我们，学生将高达45%的家庭作业时间花在与学习无关的各种任务上。故答案为Students spend up to 45% of their homework time on multitasking. 57．考查词句猜测。根据划线单词上一句“According to the research by Larry Rosen, published in the journal Computers in Human Science, students spend up to 45% of their homework time on various tasks unrelated to their studies.(根据Larry Rosen发表在《计算机与人文科学》杂志上的研究，学生将高达45%的家庭作业时间花在与学习无关的各种任务上。)”以及“Students often get distracted by their phones(学生们经常被手机分散注意力)”可推断，学生们经常用笔记本电脑做不被许可的事情。所以unauthorized为“未经允许的”之意。故答案为Unlicensed/ without official permission. 58．考查推理判断。根据文章第三段“But why do teenagers multitask? The answer is simple: multitasking makes us feel good.(但是为什么青少年会一心多用呢？答案很简单：多任务处理让我们感觉良好。)”以及第四段“Another reason why students multitask is that they simply do not see the negative impact it has on their coursework.(学生多任务的另一个原因是他们根本没有看到它对他们的课程的负面影响。)”可知，学生会进行多任务处理的原因是因为那让他们感觉良好，同时忽视了多任务对自己课程的负面影响。故答案为Because they feel good and not aware of the negative impact. 59．考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段“However, the effects of multitasking are not entirely negative. The research conducted by HKU indicates that people who routinely multitask are able to use their senses in conjunction more easily. Other research also shows that multitasking has a positive effect on the ability to pass judgment and solve problems quickly and efficiently.(然而，多任务处理的影响并不完全是负面的。香港大学进行的这项研究表明，经常处理多项任务的人更容易运用他们的感官。其他研究也表明，多任务处理对快速有效地做出判断和解决问题的能力有积极影响。)”可知，研究表明，经常进行多任务处理的人更容易运用他们的感官而且也能更快速有效地做出判断和解决问题，即对判断和解决问题有积极的影响。故答案为Having a positive effect on passing judgment and solving problems. 60．开放题。要求考生，考生言之有理即可。故参考答案为No. Because multitasking will make it difficult for me to concentrate and efficiently completing my homework within the time limit. 61．Hello, everyone! My name is Li Hua. Nowadays, people care more about our grades. In fact, good behavior is as important as good grades. However, some bad behavior can be seen around us. For example, some students throw rubbish everywhere, which makes the environment worse and worse. What’s more, some students are always shouting back angrily to their parents, for which the relations between them have become difficult gradually. How can we behave well? To begin with, I think we should be polite and kind to others. Be ready to help others in need. In addition, try to be honest and keep promises. Last but not least, as students, we should keep in mind that following the rules at school or in public are of great importance. Let’s pull together and take action from now on. I believe we’ll be better students as long as we behave ourselves. That’s all. Thanks for listening! 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇以“文明礼貌伴我行，争做文明中学生”为主题演讲稿。内容包括：(1)列举生活中至少两种不文明现象并写出各自产生的影响；(2)提出至少三条争做文明中学生的建议；(3)发出争做文明中学生的号召。 【详解】1.词汇积累 事实上：in fact→as a matter of fact 此外：what’s more → in addition 非常重要的：be of great importance→be very important 牢记：keep sth. in mind→ bear sth. in mind 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句： In fact, good behavior is as important as good grades. 拓展句： It is a fact that good behavior is as important as good grades. 【点睛】【高分句型1】For example, some students throw rubbish everywhere, which makes the environment worse and worse. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】I believe we’ll be better students as long as we behave ourselves. (运用了省略that引导的宾语从句和as long as引导条件状语从句) 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$