课时作业13（word练习）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

课时作业(十三)　阅读专项 (建议用时：35分钟) Ⅰ.第一节 Urban gardens are valuable assets to communities.They provide green spaces to grow sustainable food, build community unity, make new friends, connect with the earth, and much more.So, let's check out our list of 4 inspiring urban gardens in the US. Gotham Greens Where: New York &Chicago What: Gotham Greens first started in Brooklyn and now has four locations in New York City and Chicago.Their flagship farm in Brooklyn produces over 100,000 pounds of greens per year.But it doesn't just produce healthy local vegetables.It is using high-tech greenhouses with solar panels to make sure the food grown is healthy and sustainable. Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students Where: Baltimore, Maryland What: The Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students(BUGS) program encourages students to get their hands dirty and plant vegetables through their after-school and summer programs.Many of these kids don't have access to green spaces, and have never had the opportunity to grow food. ReVision Urban Farm Where: Boston, Massachusetts What: ReVision Urban Farm in Boston works in partnership with the ReVision Family Home—a shelter for 22 homeless parents and their kids.The farm provides these families with information on healthy eating, and access to the farm's fresh vegetables.The organization also provides job training to help families escape the cycle of poverty. Swale Where: New York What: Swale, a floating food forest located on a large boat, is an innovative project meant to inspire citizens to rethink the relationship between our cities and our food.This urban garden serves as both a living art exhibit and an educational farm.Food forests are sustainable gardens that include vegetables, fruit, nut trees, bushes, herbs, and vines—each one complementing the other in a symbiotic(共生的) relationship. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与社会/社会服务。本文为应用文，主要讲述了城市花园是社区的宝贵资产。它们为种植可持续粮食提供绿色空间，建立社区凝聚力等等。 1．What is special about Gotham Greens? A．It offers homeless families information on healthy eating. B．It provides job training for students. C．It uses high-tech greenhouses to grow healthy food. D．It creates a sustainable garden on a large boat. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据Gotham Greens部分末句可知，它使用了高科技温室种植健康的食物，故选C项。 2．Which urban garden offers first-hand farming experience? A．Gotham Greens. B．Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students. C．ReVision Urban Farm. D．Swale. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students部分末句可知，来这里进行园艺活动的孩子从来没有接触过农作，也从来没有机会尝试种植食物，由此推测，该城市花园能向学生提供第一手的耕作经验，故选B项。 3．What do these four urban gardens have in common? A．They are inspirational multinational project. B．They have educational and entertaining purposes. C．They are important for city residents. D．They create job opportunities for farmers. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。第一段前两句点明城市花园对城市居民的影响。由此可知，下文提到的四个城市花园都对城镇居民来说很重要，故选C项。 My husband, Dave, who teaches Botany(植物学), always plants things.He has planted trees anywhere we have lived and is proud to see they are flourishing and providing shade and beauty for whoever lives there. I also love planting, especially the harvest.But I hate weeding(除草)．I remember one of our first gardens in Kansas when I was attacked by the hugest grasshoppers(蚱蜢) I had ever seen while weeding our little garden. Now, our growing efforts at our new home are vegetables.We are enjoying the garden we have created.It's large but manageable with daily care.We use methods to minimize weeds.We have the time to keep up with the watering and weeding.I find I don't hate that anymore. There is something satisfying about pulling grass, and violets that are growing where we don't want them, and unnamed weeds that are affecting the growth of what we want.I find that my relationship with gardening is turning into a true romance that has a rosy future. It's all about time, environment and attitude.Being in my eighties, I have the time to be patient for results, to enjoy the hope for future harvest, and I have the knowledge that comes from experience.I find a lot to love about growing things and about growing older. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自我/做人与做事。本文为记叙文，介绍了作者在种植和变老中找到了许多值得去爱的东西。 4．What does the author's husband take pride in? A．Teaching.　　　 B．Weeding. C．Planting trees. D．Growing vegetables. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，作者的丈夫为他种的树感到自豪，故选C项。 5．How did the author feel when seeing grasshoppers from the weeds? A．Calm. B．Excited. C．Bored. D．Frightened. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。第二段提到作者被蚱蜢袭击过，由此可推知，作者看到蚱蜢时是害怕的，故选D项。 6．What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A．Weeds are growing wildly. B．The author begins to enjoy weeding. C．The author finds new ways to weed. D．Weeds balance the garden. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的 I find I don't hate that anymore和第四段可知，作者发现自己和园艺的关系正在变成真正的浪漫，有着美好的未来，可推知，作者开始喜欢上了除草，故选B项。 7．What does the author say about growing old? A．It is a time to start work. B．It is a stage of showing pity for the lost past. C．It lets people become patient and wise. D．It makes learning knowledge difficult. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为变老可以让人收获耐心与智慧。关键词是patient和knowledge，故选C项。 It is often difficult for farmers to recognize diseases quickly enough to protect their crops.Now, some farmers are using a simple device directly in the field to find viruses(病毒) before they spread. In Tanzania, farmers struggle to recognize diseases in an urgent effort to avoid great crop damage.This process is often not easy when farmers are acting on their own.If they do not know what is attacking their crops, they cannot decide the best way to fight the disease. A device from British technology company Oxford Nanopore is changing that. The device takes out DNA from plants and helps farmers recognize what is harming their crops so that they can change to the improved crops. Laura Boykin worked with the University of Western Australia and brought the device to a Tanzanian farm-owned by Asha Mohamed.The testing recognized a number of viruses in the cassava fields near Mohamed's farm.“So what would have normally taken six months has just happened in a couple of hours.And that's possible because of amazing technology, which can give farmers results real-time.” Once the viruses were recognized, Asha Mohamed was given two kinds of seeds that are resistant to the diseases. In another case, DNA was collected from a pawpaw tree farm in Kenya.With that test, the technology was able to recognize the diseases affecting Naomi Mumo's crops. Laura Boykin says she returned to Mohamed's farm nine months later.“After nine months of her growing the improved crops, we harvested her plants and she saw large rise in the total amount of crops.” The speed at which farmers recognize diseases can mean the difference between the success or failure on large areas of crop land.Now, the use of such simple and easily transportable DNA sequencing(测序) devices is making that possible. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自然/自然科学研究成果。本文为说明文，介绍了一种新的病毒检测设备，其通过DNA检测技术帮助农民更快检测出庄稼疾病，以避免农作物严重的损失。 8．According to Paragraph 1, what problem are some farmers faced with? A．They always suffer a poor harvest. B．They fail to find helpful doctors. C．They know little about modern farming technology. D．They have difficulty in recognizing crop diseases quickly. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段首句可知，农民通常很难快速识别疾病以保护他们的作物，故选D项。 9．What do we know about the device from Oxford Nanopore? A．It was developed by scientists from Australia. B．It helps prevent the spread of crop diseases. C．It recognizes crop diseases by testing DNA. D．It should be used with the help of researchers. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。第三段第二句讲到，该装置从植物中提取DNA，帮助农民识别出危害作物的因素，以便他们改种改良作物，故选C项。 10．Which of the following words has a similar meaning with “resistant” in Paragraph 4? A．Harmful. B．Recognizable. C．Unaffected. D．Appointed. 答案　C 解析　词句猜测题。画线词所在句讲到，一旦病毒被识别出来，阿莎·穆罕默德就得到了两种对疾病有抵抗力的种子。由此可知resistant意为“有抵抗力的”，unaffected(不受影响的)意义相近，故选C项。 11．What could be the best title for the text? A．DNA Technology Wins Great Popularity Among Farmers B．DNA Technology Helps Farmers Recognize Crop Diseases C．The Economic Development in Tanzania D．The Benefits of Modern Farming 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。文章介绍了一种新的病毒检测设备，其通过DNA检测技术帮助农民更快检测出庄稼疾病以避免损失，故选B项。 The páramos are high mountain ecosystems lying between 3,200 and 4,200 meters above sea level.60% of their plant species can't be found in other ecosystems in the world.Their plant species' formation takes hundreds of thousands of years. The páramos mean a lot to Latin America.The native settlers included the páramo in their traditional ceremonies, as a greatly respected area.The Muisca people of Colombia's central highlands believed the páramo gave birth to their ancient mother.A Muisca chief was said to have covered himself with gold and thrown himself into Lake Guatavita, encouraging the conquistadores(西班牙征服者) to go on a great gold rush for his treasures.During the Colombian War of Independence, Simón Bolívar crossed the Pisba páramo to avoid Spanish army. The páramos feed streams, rivers and water catchment areas.These in turn supply water to major South American cities including Bogotá and Quito.The páramos have a remarkable ability to store water through its plants and unique geological features.They also take in carbon through plants and organic matter in the soil.Human activities like mining(采矿) have a negative impact on this process by releasing carbon stored in the soil, contributing to global warming. In Colombia, where more than half of the world's páramos are located, the government is making a decision on the future of these valuable and fragile ecosystems through a process of officially demarcating(给……划界) their boundaries.To truly protect the páramos from irreparable damage, it is essential to clearly define their territorial boundaries.The Santurbán páramo will soon become the first area to be officially demarcated, according to government plans. What is urgent now is that Colombia's Department of Environment should demarcate the Santurbán páramo's boundary based on the scientific principle.A non-official organization AIDA is taking online action to call for this proposal.AIDA is telling the public if there are enough people signing on its website for the plan, it'll probably attract the government's attention and win a better future for the Santurbán páramo. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自然/自然生态。本文为说明文，主要介绍了páramos这一地球上独特的高寒生态系统，以及人类为保护这一生态系统所做的尝试。 12．What can we learn about the páramos from Paragraph 2? A．They were once filled with a mass of gold. B．They were very common in Latin America. C．They got badly damaged by Spanish army. D．They influenced Latin American history and culture. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句并结合本段内容可推断，páramos生态系统影响了拉丁美洲的历史和文化，故选D项。 13．What's the role of the páramo in preventing global warming? A．Indicating signs of global warming. B．Providing water for cities around it. C．Reserving rivers and streams. D．Keeping carbon in the soil. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，páramos生态系统通过植物和土壤中的有机物把碳保留在土壤里来预防全球变暖，故选D项。 14．Why did the government plan to draw the páramos' territorial boundaries? A．To better protect the páramos' ecosystem. B．To make full use of the mines in the páramos. C．To divide responsibility for protecting the páramos. D．To settle territorial conflict between neighboring regions. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句可知，哥伦比亚政府划定páramos生态系统的边界是为了更好地保护它，故选A项。 15．What is probably AIDA's present wish for the public? A．To pay a visit to the Santurbán páramo. B．To fight against the páramos' old boundaries. C．To refuse to work for local mining companies. D．To support their cause of the Santurbán páramo protection. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段最后半句可推断，AIDA希望公众支持其保护Santurbán páramo的事业，故选D项。 Ⅱ.第二节 It is not only plants that grow in a garden.Growing your own food in your garden can help you grow, too.It is more than just a practical exercise.　1　 You can be more resilient(有适应力的)．Resilience is about how we react to changing circumstances with mental strength.In a garden, you will likely enjoy many successes, but you will experience many failures, too.　2　 Then you'll be more able to deal with whatever challenges life brings. 　3　 Becoming resilient involves being able to take a greater level of control over your own basic needs.As a gardener, you can build vital skills for higher levels of self-reliance.You can build skills not only in gardening, but also in other skills like DIY, crafting, repair, cooking, and food preservation as you create and tend your garden and process the produce you grow. You can learn to look beyond your own needs.Gardening can allow you to reduce daily concerns as you can harvest a lot from your space.　4　 You learn to look beyond your own basic needs and recognize the needs of others—human and non-human—in the world around you. You can become more compassionate(有同情心的)．　5　 This is something that you will come to appreciate when you use your garden to the fullest recognizing the gifts that nature gives you can help to increase your compassion, to recognize that others are less fortunate, and to reach out to others in a wide range of ways. A．You can build more skills. B．You can build up your body. C．Failure is the mother of success. D．It is something that makes you a better person. E．If you have a garden, you are in a fortunate position. F．This leaves more time and space for other considerations. G．This will help you build patience, learn to handle disappointments and gain confidence. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自我/个人生活。本文为说明文。自己在花园中种植喜欢的食物不仅仅是一种务实的体验，更会让你成为一个更好的人！ 1．答案　D 解析　顺承关系。根据上文可知，花园里种植自己的食物也能帮助你成长。这不仅仅是一次实践练习，设空处应该强调花园里种植自己的食物还有其他的好处，故选D项。 2．答案　G 解析　因果关系。根据上下文可知，在花园中既能享受成功，又能经历失败，这会让自己收获耐心和信心，由此能够更好的应对生活中的挑战，故选G项。 3．答案　A 解析　总分关系。根据下文可知，在花园中自己种植食物，还能培养出更多技能，故选A项。 4．答案　F 解析　因果关系。根据上下文可知，园艺能够让人们减少日常担忧和烦恼，由此给你带来更多的时间和空间可以去认识周围世界中其他的需求，故选F项(这就为其他考虑留出了更多的时间和空间)。 5．答案　E 解析　解释关系。根据下文可知，此处强调拥有一个花园是幸运的，因为它会让你认识并欣赏到大自然给你的礼物，帮助你增加同情心，故选E项(如果你有一个花园，你是幸运的)。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$