课时作业1（word练习）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

课时作业(一)　阅读专项 Ⅰ.第一节 Four Places Named After Scientists in Antarctica There are many scientific breakthroughs made by women in the Antarctic.Here are four landmarks in Antarctica and the female pioneers they're named for. Jones Terrace(梯田) The ice-free terrace in eastern Antarctica's Victoria Land bears Jones' name.In 1969, geochemist Lois M．Jones led the first all-female research team from the US to work in Antarctica.Jones and her team studied chemical weathering in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, an ice-free area of Antarctica.Through chemical analyses of rocks they had collected, Jones and her team discovered many geochemical characteristics of the valley's ice-covered lakes. Mount Fiennes 8,202-foot-high Mount Fiennes, located on Antarctica's largest island—Alexander Island—is named for Ginny Fiennes.She established and maintained 80-foot-tall radio towers in the Antarctic.In 1985, Fiennes became the first female who was invited to join the Antarctic Club, a British supper club open to individuals who have spent extended time in the Antarctic region. Francis Peak The 3,727-foot-tall peak on Antarctica's Adelaide Island is named after Dame Jane Francis, who is the first female director of the British Antarctic Survey, the national polar research institute of the UK.Her collection of fossils on Seymour Island helped conclude in a 2021 paper that Antarctica's abundant plant fossils indicate the continent once had a much warmer climate than it currently does. Peden Cliffs Peden Cliffs near Antarctica's Marie Byrd Land are proof of the labor of Irene Peden.She was the first American female scientist to both live and work in the Antarctic, where she used radio waves to study ice sheets.Peden and her team determined how very low frequency radio waves spread over long polar distances by measuring pathways in the ice.They also used varying radio wave frequencies to measure the thickness of Antarctica's ice sheets. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与社会/对社会有突出贡献的人物。本文为应用文，介绍了南极洲四个以做出科学突破的女性科学家命名的地标。 1．Which place is named after a builder of radio towers in the Antarctic? A．Jones Terrace.　　　 B．Mount Fiennes. C．Francis Peak. D．Peden Cliffs. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据Mount Fiennes部分前两句可知，Fiennes山是以南极洲无线电发射塔建造者Ginny Fiennes的名字命名的，故选B项。 2．Who proved the previous higher temperatures of the Antarctic? A．Lois M．Jones. B．Ginny Fiennes. C．Dame Jane Francis. D．Irene Peden. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据Francis Peak部分最后一句可知，Dame Jane Francis证明了南极洲以前有过更高的温度，故选C项。 3．What is special about Irene Peden? A．She could judge the thickness of Antarctica's ice sheets. B．She discovered a lot of ice-covered lakes in the Antarctic. C．She was the first female American to explore the Antarctic. D．She correctly measured the spreading speed of radio waves. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据Peden Cliffs部分最后一句可知，Irene Peden的特别之处在于她可以判断南极洲冰盖的厚度，故选A项。 He Zehui, a Chinese nuclear(核能的) physicist, achieved great things in physics and became an outstanding scientist. Her family is famous for producing three famous women scientists, including her two sisters.She graduated from Tsinghua University in 1936 with a degree in physics, and then went on to study at the Technical University of Berlin, where she was the top in her class, outperforming her future husband Qian Sanqiang—China's “father of the atomic bomb”．In 1940, she earned a doctor's degree in Engineering. The couple made great discoveries in the field of uranium fission(铀核裂变), which drew global attention and gained them worldwide recognition, marking a milestone in the development of China's experimental fission physics.Many Western media called the couple the “Marie Curie and Pierre Curie of China”． As one of the pioneers in nuclear science and technology in China, Professor He contributed a great deal to nuclear physics.During the 1950s, she started the research and development of nuclear emulsions (核乳胶) in China and their research reached the advanced world level at that time.He and her research group took the lead in building China's first nuclear reactor and accelerator(加速器)．She was awarded the first Award of the National Prize of Natural Sciences for making outstanding achievements in supporting the national program of nuclear weapon development. Throughout her career, He went through many difficulties, and was always on the front lines of China's science-related work.She published dozens of papers yet placed little value on personal fame.The world's top physicists recognized her as a famous scientist, “Chinese Madame Curie”． He passed away in Beijing in 2011 at the age of 97, nearly 20 years after Qian Sanqiang.She devoted herself to science, living a simple life, always instructing young researchers and maintaining the highest standards that she had always valued.She loved her country and science; to both she is now an example. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与社会/对社会有突出贡献的人物。本文为人物传记，介绍了“中国的居里夫人”何泽慧及其成就。 4．What is the focus of Paragraph 2 about He Zehui? A．Identity background. B．Character personalities. C．Education experiences. D．Profession abilities. 答案　C 解析　段落大意题。第二段主要介绍何泽慧的教育经历，故选C项。 5．What do we know about Qian Sanqiang? A．He died following his wife in 1991. B．He was also a remarkable Chinese scientist. C．He won the National Prize of Natural Sciences. D．He assisted He Zehui to develop fission physics. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句和第三段首句可知，钱三强也是一位伟大的中国科学家，故选B项。 6．Why was He Zehui acknowledged as “Chinese Marie Curie”？ A．For her research of nuclear emulsions. B．For her achievements in the atomic bomb. C．For her great contributions to nuclear physics. D．For her continuous achievement in natural science. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段、第三段末句和第四段首句可推知，因何泽慧对中国的核物理作出了巨大贡献，西方媒体称其为“中国的居里夫人”，故选C项。 7．How can we best describe He Zehui? A．Ambitious and talented. B．Unselfish and devoted. C．Imaginative and kind. D．Knowledgeable and sociable. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段倒数第二句和最后一段后两句可知，何泽慧淡泊名利，积极献身于中国的科学事业。所以，她是无私且有献身精神的，故选B项。 One of the winners of this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry was Danish scientist Morten Meldal.When describing his career, Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he “wanted to understand the world”． Meldal's experience may come as a surprise to students.They might believe they have to center their work and school lives in one field to be successful.But a study from professors at Michigan State University shows that is not always the case. Michele Root-Bernstein and Robert Root-Bernstein published their study in the Creativity Research Journal.They said that a large number of Nobel Prize winners can be described as “polymaths”， or “Renaissance”． The writers looked at past Nobel Prize winners and their students.They decided that when students of winners go on to win Nobel Prizes, some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests.They are, in a way, learning how to be creative. Having many interests, the Root-Bernsteins wrote, permits scientists to look for creative ways to solve problems.In fact, one important part of science is not discovering answers, but recognizing problems that need to be solved. The prize winners, the Root-Bernsteins said, transfer “skills, techniques and materials from one field to another”. They said Alexis Carrel won his Nobel Prize in medicine in 1912 by using techniques he learned from the clothing business.He realized that people who used thread to make and fix clothing had a skill that could be used in operations to put new organs into people's bodies. The Michigan State professors study creativity.They found Nobel winners are nine times more likely to have experience in working with wood, metal or in the arts than most scientists.The Michigan State researchers say that unlike many people who spend long hours at work and give up some of their outside interests, Nobel winners believe their hobbies are important to creativity. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自我/生活与学习。本文为说明文。研究发现，一大批诺贝尔奖获得者是多才多艺的人。 8．What comes as a surprise to students according to the passage? A．Meldal's winning Nobel Prize. B．Meldal's original working field. C．Meldal's desire to understand the world. D．Meldal's study with Michigan State University. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段末句和第二段第二句可知，学生们感到惊讶的是梅尔达尔最初的工作领域，故选B项。 9．What kind of people can be sorted as “polymaths” or “Renaissance”？ A．People who concentrated on just one field. B．People who are committed lifelong to their career. C．People who are equipped with various interests. D．People who are admired for established achievements. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段末句和第四段第二句可知，可以被归类为“博学多才”或“多才多艺”的人是有各种各样兴趣爱好的人，故选C项。 10．What's the author's attitude towards the Root-Bernsteins' discovery? A．Tolerant. B．Cautious. C．Negative. D．Objective. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据倒数第三段首句和倒数第二段首句可知，本文作者只是转述鲁特·伯恩斯坦夫妇的发现，因此作者持客观态度，故选D项。 11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．A Secret to Winning Top Prize B．An Unbelievable Discovery C．A Born Nobel Prize Winner D．An Amazing Rise to Fame 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。本文主要讲的是研究发现，一大批诺贝尔奖获得者是多才多艺的人，这可以说是获得诺贝尔奖的秘诀，故选A项(赢得最高奖的秘密)。 The University of Exeter is launching a new program in September 2024 called the Master of Arts (MA) in Magic and Occult Science.This program is all about exploring ideas in a different way, according to its leader, Professor Emily Selove. Selove explained on BBC Radio 4's Today program that this degree in magic takes a fresh approach to studying history, science, philosophy, religion, and literature.It looks at these subjects from a unique viewpoint that hasn't received much attention from scholars before. The university mentioned that this course will give students a chance to dig into the history and effects of witchcraft(巫术) and magic worldwide, including their influence on society and science.Experts in various fields will teach the course and help students understand how magic has played a role in both Western and Eastern cultures. The University of Exeter already received more than a hundred inquiries for MA degree.The “innovative” MA has been created following a “recent surge in interest in magic”， the course leader said.The interest in studying magic is on the rise, both within and outside of academic circles.This is because people are searching for fresh viewpoints on how we connect with other human cultures and the natural world, Selove explained. Selove said that our ancestors had some interesting ideas that we may have ignored.These ideas have the potential to be valuable philosophical thoughts and could provide us with a new way of understanding society.“The MA in Magic and Occult Science would challenge the belief that the Western world is only characterized by rationalism(理性主义) and science while the rest of the world is associated with magic and superstition(迷信)，” she added. Furthermore, the university mentioned that this course can prepare students for various career paths, including teaching, consulting and tourism as well as work in heritage settings and museums, art organizations, and the publishing industry among other options. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自我/学校生活。本文为说明文。埃克塞特大学将推出一个名为魔术和神秘科学文学硕士的新项目。本文主要分析了开设该课程的目的以及就业前景。 12．What do we know about the MA in Magic and Occult Science? A．It provides a new way to study science and physics. B．It gives students the opportunity to be exposed to witchcraft. C．Its course focuses on the magical world of Eastern culture. D．Its course allows students to do some magic experiments. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，“魔法与神秘科学”硕士学位将让学生有机会深入研究世界范围内巫术和魔法的历史和影响，故选B项。 13．What does the underlined word “surge” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Increase. B．Drop. C．Success. D．Balance. 答案　A 解析　词句猜测题。根据第四段第三句可知，在学术界内外，研究魔法的兴趣都在上升。所以画线词surge表示“增长，增加”，故选A项。 14．What dose the MA in Magic and Occult Science challenge according to Selove? A．Not many students are interested in the degree. B．Some ideas about philosophy from our ancestors are ignored. C．There are no supernatural phenomena in the rest of the world. D．The Western world is regarded as a rational and scientific world. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段末句可知，Selove教授认为，魔法与神秘科学硕士学位将挑战这样一种信念，即西方世界的特征只有理性主义和科学，而世界其他地方则与魔法和迷信有关。也就是说，魔法与神秘科学硕士学位的挑战是：西方世界被广泛认为是一个理性和科学的世界，故选D项。 15．What does the university think of the job prospects for the graduates of MA? A．Challenging. B．Uncertain. C．Brilliant. D．Worrying. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，魔法与神秘科学硕士学位的毕业生可以选择各种职业道路，包括教学、咨询、旅游和辅导，以及在遗产机构、博物馆、图书馆、艺术组织和出版业等领域的工作。由此可知，这个学位的工作前景是大有希望的，故选C项。 Ⅱ.第二节 Bear Grylls is known for his bravery on a number of television shows, which have taken him to the most amazing corners of the planet.We were honored to be given the chance to interview Grylls, who gave us his honest thoughts on his adventures. ·When did you first discover that you enjoyed exploring the outdoors and going on adventures? I grew up on the Isle of Wight, and have strong memories of learning to climb on the sea cliffs with my father.To me, these were the stepping stones to my love for adventure, which has since taken me to so many different extremes on this incredible planet of ours.　1　. ·How do you prepare yourself for the dangers on your adventures? 　2　.And I've learned to treat it with respect.When I climbed Mount Everest, I fell 60 meters into an icy gap at an altitude of 5,800 meters.Thankfully, my best friend Mick and a Nepalese climber called Nima were able to hold the rope and pull me to safety.This taught me the importance of having a team when you are going to extremes.　3　. A lifetime of exposure to danger has given me a gratitude for life that has never left me.My goal is to get home to my family in one piece.　4　. ·Many people are often troubled by doubts and “what ifs，” and what would you say to them? Never give up! Time, experience, and narrow escapes have taught me that the best way to overcome our fears is not to run from them, but to walk right through the middle.　5　.When we refuse to face the tough stuff we come across in our lives, our fears tend to become worse.That's the irony of the situation. A．No man can survive as an island forever B．If you do this, you'll find that they often move away C．In the wild, you only have one chance to get it wrong D．Danger has been a constant companion for much of my life E．That's always been the guiding light through the darkness for me F．Those early days of adventure gave me skills that have lasted a lifetime G．There are few challenges that the British adventurer is not prepared to take 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自我/做人与做事。本文为对贝尔·格里尔斯的采访记录。 1．答案 F 解析　概括关系。根据上文可知，贝尔·格里尔斯在说明他早期的冒险经历促使他去不同的地方冒险。F项(那些早期的冒险经历给了我一生的技能)和上文意思一致，故选F项。 2．答案　D 解析　顺承关系。根据下文可知，贝尔·格里尔斯的行为伴随着很大的危险。D项(危险一直是我生命中不变的伴侣)引起下文，下文it指代D项中的Danger，故选D项。 3．答案　A 解析　重申关系。根据上文可知，贝尔·格里尔斯认为去探险时要有伙伴一起，不能一个人去。A项(没有人能像孤岛一样生存)符合语境，承接上文，故选A项。 4．答案 E 解析　重申关系。根据上文可知，安全回家是贝尔·格里尔斯一直惦记的最重要的事情。E项(它一直是我走出黑暗的指路明灯)承接上文，其中That指代上文的get home to my family in one piece，故选E项。 5．答案　B 解析　条件关系。上文讲到，在贝尔·格里尔斯看来，当恐惧来临时，要勇敢去面对。此处应是面对恐惧的好处，故选B项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$