课时作业16（word练习）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修第一册（人教版2019）

课时作业(十六)　阅读专项 Ⅰ.第一节 Many countries around the globe pride themselves on their lingual diversity.Here are a few of the most polyglot places on Earth. Aruba Aruba sits in the far southern Caribbean sea near VenezuelA．Dutch is an official language and is taught in all schools, both English and Spanish are also compulsory(必修的) languages in Aruba's education system.However, none of these languages is considered the native language of Aruba on the street.At home locals communicate with one another in Papiament.Papiamento is an official language alongside Dutch, and it is used regularly in the media and in government. East Timor This tiny young nation sits in the far south-eastern corner of the Indonesian Archipelago.Once a colony(殖民地) of Portugal, Timor decided to adopt Portuguese as an official language after independence.The local tongue, Tetum, is the most widely spoken language on the street.In addition, English and Indonesian are used throughout the country, and both are officially recognized as working languages. India Hindi and English are the official national languages of India, and the majority of educated Indians have knowledge of both, though English is preferred over Hindi in southern IndiA．Each state in India has its own official language(s), most of which differ from Hindi.These languages are used in the local media and on the street. South Africa South Africa has 11 official languages.In many urban areas, English is the lingua franca (通用语)．It is also the main language of the government and media, even though less than ten percent of South Africans speak it as a first language.Afrikaans, a Germanic language similar to Dutch, is spoken in the southern and western regions of the country.South Africa has nine official Bantu languages, of which：Zulu and Xhosa are the most common. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与社会/历史、社会与文化。本文为应用文，主要介绍了四个使用多语言的国家。 1．Which of the following is the official language of Aruba? A．Dutch and Spanish. B．Dutch and Papiamento. C．Spanish and English. D．English and Papiamento. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段末句可知，荷兰语和帕皮亚门托语是阿鲁巴的官方语言，故选B项。 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Aruba was once a colony of Portugal. B．East Timor lies in the far southern Caribbean seA． C．English is preferred over Hindi in IndiA． D．South Africa media uses English as the main language. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二、三句可知，在许多城市地区，英语是通用语。它也是政府和媒体的主要语言，尽管只有不到10%的南非人把它作为第一语言，故选D项。 3．What do these places have in common? A．They adopt English as an official language. B．They are education-centred places. C．They have more than two official languages. D．They are multilingual communities. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，这些地方的共同之处是他们是多语言社区，故选D项。 For the first three months of my year abroad in Seville, Spain, I lived in a new flat with a Spanish boy and two French boys.We spoke to one another in Spanish. I remember my first weekend there.My new flatmates organised a barbeque(烧烤), inviting many Spanish people.Everyone was talking in Spanish.I had thought it a good chance to practice my Spanish; however, they spoke too fast.At the barbeque, I faced new challenges and new language barriers(障碍)． Before coming to Seville, I had been studying Spanish for two years, but you can never be sure of how you speak a foreign language until you actually go to a country where that language is spoken.In Seville, I made many mistakes when I spoke Spanish.Sometimes, I would realize that I didn't actually know how to say what I wanted to say.Other times, I would try to simplify what I wanted to say—I knew what I meant in English and could more or less say it in Spanish.But it's not so easy to translate successfully from one language to another.So, I often found it difficult to communicate. Now, my Spanish flatmate could speak much faster and more naturally with us.I think that living with a native speaker and being surrounded(围绕) by the language from morning till night really helped me to improve so much so that when we organised a second barbeque, I could communicate with native Spanish speakers fluently. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自我/语言学习。本文为记叙文。讲述了作者自学西班牙语的经历。 4．What happened to the author at the first barbeque his flatmates organised? A．He made a lot of new friends. B．He was asked to speak English. C．He failed to understand the Spanish people. D．He learned a lot about Spanish food culture. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，在室友组织的第一次烧烤聚会上作者听不懂西班牙人的话，故选C项。 5．What difficulty did the author mention in Paragraph 3? A．He failed in translation tests. B．He experienced culture shock. C．He couldn't find a partner to practice Spanish with. D．He couldn't find the right words to express himself. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四句可知，作者遇到的困难是找不到合适的词语来表达自己，故选D项。 6．How did the author feel at the second barbeque? A．Confident.　　　　 B．Thankful. C．Concerned. D．Honored. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段末句可推知，在第二次烧烤时作者可以流利地与西班牙语母语者交流，感到非常自信，故选A项。 7．What does the author tell us through the text? A．Why he went to Seville. B．The language barriers he met. C．How he got on with his flatmates. D．The importance of learning Spanish. 答案　B 解析　写作意图题。本文讲述了作者在学习西班牙语的过程中遇到的困难，所以作者想要告诉我们的是“他遇到的语言障碍”，故选B项。 It's hard to believe that men and women who grow up together in the same community can end up speaking different languages, but for Ubang's people in Nigeria, it's totally true.It's not exactly clear how many words in the men's and women's languages are different, but there are enough examples to make sentences sound different when spoken by men and women.For example, for “clothing”， men use the word “nki”， while women say “ariga”；“kitchi” means “a tree” for men, while women say “okweng”．These are not just pronunciation differences, but totally different words. Interestingly, both men and women are able to understand each other perfectly in Ubang, as both boys and girls grow up around their parents and get to learn both languages, but by the age of 10, boys are expected to speak in the male tongue. “There is a stage the male will reach and he discovers he is not using his rightful language，” Chief Oliver Ibang said. “Nobody will tell him he should change to the male language.When he starts speaking the men's language, you know the maturity(成熟) is coming into him.” No one really knows how or why the dual-language(双语的) tradition of Ubang began, but most locals prefer the religious theory(学说)．Chi Chi Undie says the different languages between men and women are rarely seen. Today, as English words continue to enter the vocabulary of young people in Nigeria, Ubang's two languages are in danger of being lost forever.Neither the male nor the female language is written down, so they both rely on young people to pass them down to the next generation. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自我/语言学习。本文为说明文。尼日利亚的乌邦人男女会说两种不同的语言，随着英语词汇继续进入尼日利亚年轻人的词汇，乌邦的两种语言有可能永远消失。 8．Why does the author mention the examples in the first paragraph? A．To tell the writing differences between the two languages. B．To show that the two languages are indeed different. C．To stress the difficulty of learning the two languages. D．To explain why men and women use different languages. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可推知，作者在第一段提出这样的例子是为了表明这两种语言的确是不同的，故选B项。 9．What can we learn from Oliver Ibang's words? A．Boys start to speak the male language earlier than girls. B．Speaking in the male tongue is a sign of boys' growing up. C．Using incorrect language is considered impolite in Ubang. D．Boys are forced to speak in the male tongue at the age of 10. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段末句可知，从Oliver Ibang的话中可得知说男性语言是男孩成长的标志，故选B项。 10．What do we know about Ubang's dual-language? A．Its origin has been known to us. B．It has disappeared for many reasons. C．It is less used by the young than before. D．Its words are similar to English words. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，年轻人比以前更少使用乌邦的双语语言，故选C项。 11．What may be the best title for the text? A．The Tradition of Dual-language in Ubang B．The English Language Entering Ubang C．The Development of Men's Language in Ubang D．The Disappearance of Ubang' s Dual-language 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。文章一直都在围绕乌邦的双语语言而展开讨论，所以文章最好的标题为乌邦的双语传统，故选A项。 Shanghainese is a dialect which is completely different from Mandarin(普通话). Shanghai is part of the Yangtze River Delta region.This region is home to some 220 million people.At first, the region was made up of the Wu people, who spoke a family of dialects known as Wu Chinese, with 80 million native speakers. Shanghainese is one of them. Way back in 1950, Mandarin, a dialect from Beijing, became China's official language.Then in 1992, Shanghainese was banned from use at school when the government pushed for a Mandarin education system. Many local children today can understand the language, but they can't speak it well.That's mainly because Shanghainese is passed on only through family and not formal education. Luckily, there is the only school in Shanghai still teaching the dialect, LTL Mandarin School.The teacher, Alex Wang, says that, the best way to learn Shanghainese is to find some local friends and make them your personal teacher every time you meet up with them. Since 2005, efforts have been made to protect Shanghainese.They include more TV programs in Shanghainese, more study of the language, and even use of Shanghainese on some public transport. One of the people helping pass the language on to today's youth is Wang Yuanchao who writes and records songs in Shanghainese for school children. “I realize that fewer and fewer kids can speak Shanghainese，” he said. “So I want to give them more opportunities to sing and act out Shanghainese.” 语篇导读　主题语境：人与社会/历史、社会与文化。本文说明文，主要讲述了上海话的起源和发展，告诉人们如何保护上海话。 12．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “banned” in Paragraph 2? A．Punished. B．Stopped. C．Replaced. D．Encouraged. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句可知，政府推行普通话教育体系时，上海话被禁止在学校使用，因此banned表示“禁止，停止”，与stopped同义，故选B项。 13．What's the best way to learn Shanghainese according to Alex Wang? A．To listen to classes carefully. B．To have a personal teacher. C．To have a formal study. D．To talk with a local friend. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，学习上海话的最好方式是找一些当地的朋友交谈，故选D项。 14．What can we learn from the passage? A．In the writer's opinion, it's necessary to protect Shanghainese. B．Shanghainese was China's official language before 1950. C．There are many schools that provide Shanghainese courses. D．Young people can hardly understand or speak Shanghainese. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，在作者看来，保护上海话是有必要的，故选A项。 15．What's the purpose of the passage? A．To tell people how to protect Shanghainese. B．To give people some advice on learning Shanghainese. C．To introduce the history and development of Shanghainese. D．To show Shanghainese is an important part of Chinese culture. 答案　A 解析　写作意图题。本文主要讲述了上海话的起源和发展，告诉人们如何保护上海话，故选A项。 Ⅱ.第二节 Although many Chinese students say their knowledge of English grammar is good, most would admit that their spoken English is poor.　1　 However, their spoken English does not have to remain poor.I would suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken English. First, 　2　 Obviously the better answer is to expand their vocabulary.However, you can speak with a limited vocabulary if your attitude is positive.Others will follow you as long as you use the words that you know. Second, 　3　 Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous.Yet students should remember that their goal should be FLUENCY NOT ACCURACY.You want to get your message across, to talk to someone in English, as quickly and as well as you can, even though sometimes you may use the wrong word or tense, it doesn't matter because the person you are speaking to will understand you and make allowance for any mistakes he hears. Third, 　4　 You have one mouth but two ears! All that hearing is necessary for you to start speaking. Fourth, 　5　 Instead of actively seeking out opportunities to improve their spoken English, they passively wait for speaking opportunities to come to them and wonder why their spoken English always remains poor.If you have this proactive outlook, then you will see English opportunities wherever you go. A．not enough attention is paid to listening. B．they fail to find suitable words to express themselves because of limited vocabulary. C．most Chinese students are not active language learners. D．They are so stupid that they cannot finish their necessary homework in time. E．Whenever I speak to Chinese students, they always say, “My spoken English is poor.” F．it is no use crying over spilt milk. G．they are afraid of making mistakes. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自我/生活与学习。本文为议论文，主要分析了中国学生英语口语不好的原因。 1．答案　E 解析　转折关系。根据空前的“他们承认自己的口语不好”，与E项中的My spoken English is poor相对应，故选E项。 2．答案　B 解析　顺承关系。根据空后的“很明显，更好的答案是扩大他们的词汇”可知，空处表示有限的词汇限制了他们表达自己的想法，B项中的limited vocabulary与之相对应，故选B项。 3．答案　G 解析　顺承关系。空后一句中的make mistakes与G项中的making mistakes相对应，故选G项。 4．答案　A 解析　顺承关系。空后的hearing与A项中的listening相对应，故选A项。 5．答案　C 解析　转折关系。空后的Instead of actively seeking out opportunities to improve their spoken English与C项中的not active language learners相对应，故选C项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$