课时作业13（word练习）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修第一册（人教版2019）

课时作业(十三)　阅读专项 Ⅰ.第一节 Disaster movies have been hitting the big screen for years.The followings are chosen based on their quality. Geostorm Climate change is causing endless disasters, destroying entire cities.Researcher Jake Lawson doubts that someone is doing the damage.And if he doesn't find out the person, the planet is to suffer from more destruction.Geostorm gives action lovers an excellent way to spend the evening. *Published in 2017 *Directed by Dean Devlin *Starring Gerard Butler *Run Time：1 hour 49 minutes *Studio: Warner Brothers Titanic Titanic is one of the greatest disaster films of all time.The true story breaks hearts and inspires lovers across the globe.With performances from Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet, audience members can expect the performance of a lifetime when the masterful creators appear on the screen. *Published in 1997 *Starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet *Directed by James Cameron *Run time: 3 hours 14 minutes *Studio: Paramount Pictures Twister In 1969, a family woke to a horrible tornado.While attempting to take shelter, 5-year-old Jo Thornton saw her father being lost to the vortex(涡流)．As an adult, Jo is devoted to the research of tornadoes.She wants to make sure that no one else has to die like her father.The lines(台词) are simple.What impresses viewers most is the music written by Mar Macina, which keeps viewers focusing on the story. *Published in 1996 *Directed by Jan de Bont *Starring Helen Hunt *Run Time: 1 hour 52 minutes *Studio: Warner Brothers 127 Hours Based on a true story, 127 Hours is a tale of bravery and survival.What happens when you adventure in the wild alone？How do you handle a series of unfortunate events？And what gives people the will to live？127 Hours is based on Aaron Ralston's book：Between a Rock and a hard Place. *Published in 2010 *Directed by Danny Boyle *Starring James Franco *Run Time: 1 hour 33 minutes *Studio: Warner Brothers 语篇导读　主题语境：人与社会/艺术。本文为应用文，介绍了四部有关灾难的电影。 1．Who directed Geostorm? A．Dean Devlin.　　　 B．James Cameron. C．Jan de Bont. D．Danny Boyle. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据Geostorm这部电影中的Directed by Dean Devlin可知，这部电影的导演是Dean Devlin，故选A项。 2．What is the most impressive about Twister? A．The pictures. B．The story. C．The music. D．The lines. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据Twister这部电影中的What impresses viewers most is the music可知，这部电影中最令人印象深刻的是音乐，故选C项。 3．What do Titanic and 127 Hours have in common? A．They have the same run time. B．They are based on the true stories. C．They were published in the 20th century. D．They were produced by the same studio. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据Titanic中的第二句和127 Hours中的首句可知，这两部电影都是根据真实故事改编的，故选B项。 It was a hot summer day a few years ago.I had just walked into the local station.After pumping(抽取) the gas I started to walk inside to pay.That was when I noticed them.Two elderly women were standing back from their car.There was a mixture(混合) of shock and fear(恐惧) on their faces.I looked and saw what they saw.Five yellow jackets had started to build a nest around their gas cap.My eyes widened(放大)．I shared the ladies' fear. Yellow jackets had never been my friends.Several times these wasps(黄蜂) had attacked(袭击) me while I was in a garden.They gave me stings(蜇) each time I ran over their nests.They are the reason I never do gardening anymore.The worst time, however, happened when I was a young boy.My friend and I were running and playing in my backyard(后院)．I must step on one of their nests before I knew it.Both of us were chased(追赶) by the yellow jackets.I ran to my mom with tears in my eyes.She immediately put us in a cold bath(洗澡) to ease(缓解) the pain before giving us medicine. Still, I knew I couldn't let fear stop me now.I reached into my pocket(口袋) for a paper towel I had there, tore(扯) out the nest and stepped on it while the angry wasps buzzed(发出嗡嗡声) around me.Both of the ladies thanked me and I said. “You're welcome！” with a smile and a happy heart. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自然/人与动植物。本文为记叙文，讲述了作者在一个夏天克服自己曾经被黄蜂攻击的恐惧，消灭了汽车上的黄蜂的故事。 4．What does “yellow jackets” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Cars. B．Nests. C．Caps. D．Wasps. 答案　D 解析　词句猜测题。根据第二段第二句可知，当“我”在花园里的时候，这些黄蜂攻击了“我”好几次，所以“我”惊恐万分，故推测yellow jackets指的是“黄蜂”，故选D项。 5．What frightened the two elderly women? A．Five yellow jackets. B．A dangerous bear. C．An unexpected fire. D．An out-of-control car. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段后两句可知，五只黄蜂吓坏了两位老妇人，故选A项。 6．Which of the following best describes the writer in Paragraph 3? A．Generous. B．Brave. C．Energetic. D．Fortunate. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的描述可推知，作者很勇敢，故选B项。 7．What can we learn from the text? A．Don't let fear hold us back. B．Accept the world around us. C．Life doesn't believe in tears. D．Growth eases childhood pain. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段首句可知，不要让恐惧阻碍我们，故选A项。 On Wednesday a powerful earthquake hit Amatrice that was at the epicenter(震中), which is the point in the earth's surface directly above where the earthquake happens.The town's clock tower was the only building still standing.Italy's prime minister said the earthquake had killed at least 120 people, and warned that the number might increase.There were several villages that were affected in farther mountainous areas.The earthquake was also felt as far away as Rome, 100 miles from the epicenter. Earthquakes can't be predicted.There are warning systems that can save some lives, but only under certain conditions.Unlike a tornado warning where radar can see it and issue a warning before it, an earthquake warning happens when the earth is already shaking.We don't have a system that can predict when the earth is going to shake.Our warning system is based on the fact that the earth is already shaking.The warning depends on how far you are from the earthquake epicenter.If you're at an earthquake epicenter, you're going to get no warning.If you're far away from the epicenter, we can give you some time to prepare. Another condition is how close the sensor is to the epicenter.If the sensor is 10 miles away from the epicenter, it takes five seconds to get to that sensor.So, the more sensors we get, the more time we'll get as well.If you get 10 seconds notice of an earthquake that's happening, especially a big one, you can open up the lifts on the nearest floor.You can also stop all the things that are moving before the shaking gets there.If you're 30 miles away, your warning could be 15 seconds.It is 15 seconds that can save your life. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自然/自然灾害与防范。本文为说明文，以阿马特里切地震为引子，介绍了地震预警系统，比较了地震预警系统与龙卷风预警的不同之处以及地震预警系统进行预测所需的一些条件。 8．What can be learned from the first paragraph? A．The earthquake happened on Monday. B．The earthquake destroyed all the buildings. C．Fewer than 120 people lost their lives. D．Rome is about 100 miles away from Amatrice. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段末句可知，罗马距离阿马特里切100英里，故选D项。 9．What can we say about the earthquake warning? A．It can always give us time to prepare. B．It is different from the tornado warning. C．It can tell us how to prepare for the earthquake. D．It can predict when earthquakes will happen. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。第二段第三句讲到，不像龙卷风警报，雷达可以看到它并在它之前发出警报，地震警报是在地球已经在震动时发出的，由此可知，地震预警不同于龙卷风预警，故选B项。 10．How far might you be from the epicenter with 10 seconds notice of an earthquake? A．5 miles. B．10 miles. C．20 miles. D．30 miles. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。最后一段第二句讲到，如果传感器离震中有10英里远，则需要5秒钟才能到达该传感器。由此可知，地震发生后10秒内通知，那么你离震中有20英里，故选C项。 11．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Powerful Earthquake B．The Introduction of the Earthquake Warning C．Earthquakes and Tornados D．How the Earthquake Happens 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。本文以阿马特里切地震为引子，介绍了地震预警系统，比较了地震预警系统与龙卷风预警的不同之处以及地震预警系统进行预测所需的一些条件，故选B项(地震预警介绍)。 Rivers are very important.Humans rely on them for food and water.But rivers can destroy things, too.They can flood, or rise over their banks, making the water run into the nearby land.Floods can also kill humans and wildlife.However, floods are not always bad.Some ecosystems need them every once in a while. Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats.For example, a flood in India in 2012 killed many one-horned rhinos.Flood waters can pick up dirt from riverbanks, which makes the water dirty.Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams, preventing the river from flowing.Sometimes flood waters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine(海洋的) life.In addition, flood waters can carry disease, including hepatitis A and cholerA． However, not everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems.Flood waters carry nutrients(营养物) to the nearby land.Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles(微粒) of dirt and mud.The particles are called sediment(沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and helps plants grow.Floods are important to some animals as well.For instance, some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate.Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat.Moreover, in dry seasons, water might dry up, but floods help refill the wetlands, keeping the ecosystem going. Floods are a part of nature.They can destroy living things and the environment.But some ecosystems need floods to survive. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自然/灾害防范。本文为说明文，主要介绍了作为大自然的一部分，洪水对于生态系统既有好处也有坏处。 12．What's the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in Paragraph 2? A．Block. B．Pollute. C．Become. D．Develop. 答案　A 解析　词句猜测题。根据第二段可知，洪水会沿途吸收泥土，而太多的泥土会堵塞河道，以至于河水流淌出现困难。由此可推测此处的clog意为“堵塞”，故选A项。 13．How do floods help ecosystems? A．Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals. B．Floods make all the animals migrate more easily. C．Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer. D．Floods can clean the dirt and help plants grow. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段前三句可知，洪水沿途所携带的营养物质可以使土壤更肥沃，从而更好地帮助生态系统，故选C项。 14．What's the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The way in which floods feed animals. B．The benefits of floods to ecosystems. C．An effective means of improving soil. D．The reason for people's hating floods. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。第三段主要讲洪水对于生态系统的好处，故选B项。 15．What's the best title for this text? A．The Good Effects of Flooding B．The Secret of Flooding C．Floods—a Part of Nature D．Floods—Everything Is So Bad 答案　C 解析　标题判断题。文章前两段主要讲洪水对生态系统的不利方面，第三段主要讲洪水对生态系统的益处，最后一段总结全文，点明主题——洪水是大自然的一部分，故选C项。 Ⅱ.第二节 In the spring and summer months, thunderstorms are common.　1　.However, in thunderstorms, lightning can strike people and buildings and is very dangerous. It was reported that a man was struck by lightning when he was making a phone call under a tree.He died at once.You may not know it, but nearly 1,800 thunderstorms are happening at any moment around the world.　2　.So what should you do during a lightning storm? Scientists say that a person's chances of being struck by lightning are 1 in 600,000.　3　. If you are indoors during a thunderstorm： •Stay away from anything that is metal because lightning can come into the house through it. •Don't stand near the windows. •Don't take a shower or bath.Lightning can travel through water. •Never use the phone.　4　. If you are caught in a thunderstorm outdoors： •　5　.If there's no building around, try to find a low place to stay in. • Do not go under a tree because the lightning could hit the tree and travel through the tree to hit you. •Never use a cell phone. A．Actually, many people are killed by lightning every year B．Try to get home as soon as possible C．Since they happen often, some people don't take them seriously D．Go into a nearby building or car right away E．Lightning could travel through the phone line and hit you F．But it is very important for us to learn about lightning G．Fortunately, you can reduce those chances by following these safety rules 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自然/灾害防范。本文为说明文，介绍了如何避免遭受雷击的一些安全措施。 1．答案　C 解析　因果关系。根据上一句可知，空处与上文形成因果关系，因为经常会发生雷雨，一些人就不把它当回事儿，故选C项。 2．答案　A 解析　顺承关系。根据上文可知，雷暴时常发生。每年都有很多人死于雷击，故选A项。 3．答案　G 解析　顺承关系。根据上文可知，此处表示有应对的方法，故选G项(幸运的是，你可以通过遵循这些安全规则来减少这样的机会)。 4．答案　E 解析　解释关系。根据上文可知，空处和phone有关，故选E项(闪电可以通过电话线打到你)。 5．答案　D 解析　条件关系。下文提到了没有建筑的情况，由此推知空处应提到周围有建筑的情况。building是关键词，故选D项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$