升高二暑假【夏日FUN学】专题4：名词性从句教案-2024-2025学年人教版（ 2019） 暑假衔接英语课程

【夏日FUN学】2024年暑假英语升高二衔接教案 专题4：名词性从句（原卷版） 【知识对接】 名词性从句是指在复合句中起名词作用的句子，功能相当于名词词组。 接点一、主语从句 1．主语从句的引导词 连接词 that，whether，if 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分 连接 代词 what，who，whom， which，whichever， whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语 Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps. 你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会对我们有所帮助。 Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it. 李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。 That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。 [易错提醒]　(1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。 (2)当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，而不用if。 2．形式主语 it作形式主语的常见句型： (1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句 (2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句 (3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句 (4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter等)＋that从句 It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it. 尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。 It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。 [易错提醒]　当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或whether引导均可，但如果被后置的主语从句中引导词后接or not时，只能用whether。 衔接训练 1．It was whispered he would soon die and he did. （用适当的词填空） 2． is important is that you should set aside some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. (用适当的词填空) 3．It is believed that breaks the law will be punished and pay the price. (用适当的词填空) 4． makes it striking is it shows a thin figure with an (express) of fear. （所给词的适当形式填空） 5． wants to see the film must buy a ticket first. Otherwise, you wouldn’t get into the cinema. (用适当的词填空) 6． surprised me a lot is that he could come so early. (用适当的词填空) 7． the two trains crashed into each other still remains unknown, but the police say that it could be due to the heavy snow. （用适当的词填空） 8． you decide upon will not influence me, for I am not involved in your project. （用适当的词填空） 9． we see on the cinema screen is just the tip of the huge iceberg of film-making. (用适当的词填空) 10． he is looking forward to is a successful business. （用适当的词填空） 接点二、宾语从句 1．宾语从句的引导词 连接词 that，whether，if 只起连接作用，不 在从句中作成分 连接 代词 what，who，whom， which，whichever， whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、 宾语、表语或定语 连接 副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语 She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn't.她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。 Our teacher always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。 [易错提醒]　 (1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。 (2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh­类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether，不用if。 2．形式宾语 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。 (1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句 (2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句 (3)动词短语see to/depend on/rely on＋it＋从句 (4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋从句 No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步。 I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。 3．宾语从句的时态 一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。 衔接训练 11．She was not aware she had done wrong.（用适当的词填空） 12．We are not sure consequences the storm would bring about, although the weather forecast reported that it could be really destructive. (用适当的词填空) 13．These words of her give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and carried her through a life of hard choices. (用适当的词填空) 14．Van Gogh painted he saw from his window and also painted the massive circles of white and yellow (race) across the sky. （所给词的适当形式填空） 15．Its attraction lies more in it awakens in us than what it says. (用适当的词填空) 16．Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city was to come! (用适当的词填空) 17．Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking for anything in return and the woman who uses the extra ticket can choose to either travel with him or take the ticket and travel on her own. (用适当的词填空) 18．At night, we reached is called Nanjing was once used as the capital of many dynasties. (用适当的词填空) 19．The research shows when people are speaking, they easily convey social and (emotion) information through facial expression, tones of voice, pauses and so on. （所给词的适当形式填空） 20．As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page, Beethoven tried to imagine people would respond when they heard it the first time.(用适当的词填空) 接点三、表语从句 1．表语从句的引导词 连接词 that，whether 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分 连接 代词 what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接 副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语 The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended. 对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。 This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up. 这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。 [易错提醒]　if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。 2．as if/as though引导表语从句 as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。 The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。 3．其他常考的表语从句 (1)This/That/It is why＋表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是……的原因” (2)This/That/It is because＋表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为……” (3)The reason why...is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……” 衔接训练 21．They also need to be ready to give (interview) in English with international journalists. This is they need an English trainer. (用适当的词填空) 22．The subway is people call the underground in London. (用适当的词填空) 23．The key finding of the study was   when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. (用适当的词填空) 24．Things are not always they seem to be. （用适当的词填空） 25．This is I have been looking for. (用适当的词填空) 26．All this happened over twenty years ago, but it is it was only yesterday. (用适当的词填空) 27．The trouble is I am anxious to telephone Mr Smith but I have lost his number. （用适当的词填空） 28．I think it is you are doing too much. （用适当的词填空） 29．The reason for their failure you know is they are lazy. （用适当的词填空） 30．The reason why he was late is there was heavy traffic on the road. (用适当的词填空) 接点四、同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见同位语从句的名词：advice，conclusion，doubt，fact，hope，idea，news，promise，question，suggestion，thought，truth，wish，word等。引导同位语从句的引导词：that，whether，how，where，when，why等。 The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。 [易错提醒]　that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。 【技法点拨】 在语法填空中： 1．首先确定空格处所在从句是否为名词性从句。然后分析从句在整个句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。 2．判断从句中的连接词。 (1)若从句不缺少成分则要考虑句意是否完整，若句意不完整，则需用whether/if；若句意完整，则用that。 (2)若从句缺少主、宾或表语，则用连接代词。 (3)若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。 另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(如whether，because，as if 等)的用法。 衔接训练 31．I have no idea   effective measures our school will take to strengthen our listening skills. (用适当的词填空) 32．There is growing evidence people whose diets are rich in vitamins are less likely to develop some types of cancers. (用适当的词填空) 33．There is much chance ________ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. 34．They have no idea their daughter will win first prize in the 100 metres race. 35．There is no doubt the suggestion he puts forward at the meeting is practical. (用适当的词填空) 36．There is no doubt she not only has profound knowledge and (advance) ideas but also has strict attitude teaching and flexible teaching methods, (create) a pleasant atmosphere. （所给词的适当形式填空） 37．I have some doubt what he said at the party was true or not. （用适当的词填空） 38．News came as soon as she arrived home her son died in the war.（用适当的词填空） 39．We are excited at the news some foreign students will visit our school. (用适当的词填空) 40．There is a danger I may not be able to tell these friends are real friends. (用适当的词填空) 【达标训练】 一、语法填空 A.单句语法填空 1．I was just letting off steam really, because I was so angry, but then my friend went and told everyone else I’d said. 2． is strange is that she always wears sunglasses indoors, even at night. 3．Perseverance is it takes to do anything well. 4．Word came free souvenirs would be given to whoever comes first. 5．There is still some doubt the spring sports meeting will be held in our school. 6．I think you’d better ask him he wants. 7．I still don’t understand you mean by “on reserve”. 8． this job demands most is perseverance and patience. 9．Never ignore if you work harder you’ll achieve more. 10．His suggestion is we should hire more experienced people. 11．The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for seemed like hours. 12．It matters greatly your parents understand and support you. 13． makes Christopher Reeve admirable is his positive attitude and his devoted spirit. 14．Determination and optimism are it takes to conquer your fear and accomplish your goal. 15． impresses me most is that our teacher always creates a kind of atmosphere where we can voice our opinions freely. 16．People hold the belief the Spring Festival and other traditional Chinese festivals will not be replaced by foreign festivals. 17．There is still some doubt the autumn sports meeting will be held on time in our school because of bad weather. 18．As we all know, reading classics is of great importance to us. This is it can not only improve our studies but also enrich our everyday life. 19．The reason ________ he gave for his absence is ________ he was drunk. 20．This is I am writing this letter asking to be a volunteer. 21． caused the accident is a complete mystery. 22．Bob had seen the film before. That was he did not see it yesterday. 23．Bruce did not watch the game last night. That was he had to help his little sister with her homework. 24．It is uncertain   team will win in the final contest. 25．   they suddenly disappeared remained a mystery. B.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As English learners, we have the alphabet clearly in our mind, in order, from a very young age. You can say the ABCs 26 rapid speed and some people can even say them backwards without 27 (think)about it. We certainly can't imagine the alphabet being in any other order. but how did the order we know today come to be? There’s 28 (real) not an easy answer. No one woke up and decided to put the 29 (letter )in that order, the alphabet 30 (evolve)slowly over a long period of time to become 31 it is today. Our alphabet can date back to ancient Egypt. This first alphabet 32 (improve)by the Phoenicians around1000 BC, 33 (early)than the Greeks by 200 years, and we have them to thank for vowels (元音 ) From Greece, our alphabet traveled to Rome, and the Romans turned 34 into the“modern”alphabet, with letters we recognize today. So why that order? While we don’t know for sure. some scholars assumed that the order came from memory cells in our brains meant 35 (help)people remember it-some kind of sentence where each letter became a full word, like the technique you used in school to remember the order of the planets. 二、语法与写作 36．你会发现不同的文化实际上有很多共同之处。(culture, in common) (汉译英) 37．我们相信张伟会遵守诺言。(用 belief 后跟同位语从句) (汉译英) 38． immediately her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的征兆。 39．为了得到这份工作，应聘者必须制作展示他们对大堡礁了解程度的短视频。(现在分词短语作后置定语) To get this job, the candidates had to make a short video . 40． global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. 据认为全球变暖和气候改变在将来会引起更多的灾难。 41． Tu Youyou was the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize in Medicine. 据宣布，屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔医学奖的中国人。 42．We are pleased to all five players were successful. 我们高兴地宣布5位运动员都成功了。 43．我很荣幸地通知你，在这次比赛中你获得第一名。(inform) I have the honour you have won the first prize in the competition. 44．事实证明，市场毕竟不是理性的。(turn) the market was not rational after all. 45．来参加晚会的人都会收到一份礼物。 to the party will receive a gift. 【能力提升】 一、阅读理解 Want a relaxing but fun challenge at home? 1 Puzzles have been around for more than 250 years and the challenge of working out where each piece goes and carefully recreating the scene on the box lid can keep you busy for hours, days or even weeks. Puzzles come in a huge range of sizes and difficulty levels. For beginners, a 100-piece puzzle is usually a good starting point. 2 Try grouping pieces with the same colors or design because they will probably go in the same area once the puzzle takes shape. 3 Those pieces are easier to find because they have a straight side. Stay patient as you search through and try to make it fit together. You may not find any connecting pieces for ages but then several may suddenly appear. For a real test, puzzles that have 1,000 pieces or more are a tough task and it’s best to complete them with friends or family if you can. Choosing a scene that interests you, such as a favourite film, sport or location, can help keep you interested and determined to work to the final piece. You can get fun educational puzzles, too. 4 Some of the best places to pick up puzzles are charity shops. They’re often on sale for less than £5. Once you have completed a puzzle, it’s nice to exchange it with a friend. 5 You just upload an image, such as a family scene, and they will make a puzzle from it and post it to you. It makes lovely and unusual present. A．So others can have a go. B．You can’t beat a good puzzle. C．Some companies make personalized puzzles. D．However, a good start doesn’t always lead to a good result. E．Most people like to start by getting the four edges of a puzzle laid out. F．It can get you used to sorting out how the shapes, patterns and colors go together. G．For example, you may try a map of the world or historical timelines. 二、完形填空 I’ve always wanted to attend a music festival. But as a person with autism (自闭症), the 6 of being forced into a loud group of thousands of people has always 7 me. For years I avoided them. 8 , after gradually developing an attitude of trying new things, I decided to go to this year’s Reading Festival with my 9 . We arrived at the festival last Thursday afternoon only to be faced with a(n) 10 check-in line. Thankfully, we could skip it and enter at a welcome 11 for disabled guests. Soon a warm-hearted volunteer 12 us to a camping area for the disabled. Noticing me struggling with my 13 , he kindly offered to carry them. He even offered to help me put up my tent. I 14 with a grateful smile, saying my friend was 15 to offer much needed help. The next afternoon, volunteers guided us to a disabled viewing stand. It was a(n) 16 atmosphere with a sea of people from around the world dancing and singing along to their favorite 17 , who all gave excellent performances. I was surprised to see how the power of music could 18 people from different ages, backgrounds, and cultures. 19 soon became friends because we all had a shared language — music. All in all, I 20 my first music festival, which opened my eyes to a whole new world. I greatly respect the volunteers who gave up their time to help disabled people. 6．A．warning B．thought C．experience D．embarrassment 7．A．excited B．disappointed C．frightened D．inspired 8．A．Therefore B．Nowadays C．Instead D．However 9．A．relative B．band C．parent D．friend 10．A．endless B．unusual C．striking D．horrible 11．A．ceremony B．point C．atmosphere D．branch 12．A．treated B．introduced C．directed D．arranged 13．A．bags B．performances C．diseases D．feelings 14．A．continued B．refused C．escaped D．stopped 15．A．on hand B．in charge C．ready D．willing 16．A．reasonable B．informal C．lively D．hopeful 17．A．hosts B．artists C．workers D．volunteers 18．A．understand B．improve C．control D．move 19．A．Foreigners B．Enemies C．Neighbors D．Strangers 20．A．remembered B．confirmed C．enjoyed D．missed ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 【夏日FUN学】2024年暑假英语升高二衔接教案 专题4：名词性从句（解析版） 【知识对接】 名词性从句是指在复合句中起名词作用的句子，功能相当于名词词组。 接点一、主语从句 1．主语从句的引导词 连接词 that，whether，if 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分 连接 代词 what，who，whom， which，whichever， whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语 Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps. 你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会对我们有所帮助。 Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it. 李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。 That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。 [易错提醒]　(1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。 (2)当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，而不用if。 2．形式主语 it作形式主语的常见句型： (1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句 (2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句 (3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句 (4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter等)＋that从句 It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it. 尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。 It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。 [易错提醒]　当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或whether引导均可，但如果被后置的主语从句中引导词后接or not时，只能用whether。 衔接训练 1．It was whispered he would soon die and he did. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：有人私下说他很快就会死去，他真的死了。It 是形式主语，此处缺少主语从句的引导词，从句句意完整，不缺少成分，应使用连接词that。故填that。 2． is important is that you should set aside some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：重要的是你应该每天留出一些时间来运动，这样你才能保持精力充沛。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，表示事物，用what引导。放在句首，首字母大写。故填What。 3．It is believed that breaks the law will be punished and pay the price. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whoever 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：人们相信无论谁犯法都会受到惩罚并付出代价。分析句子可知，空处引导主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指人，结合句意可知此处指“无论谁”，使用whoever引导，故填whoever。 4． makes it striking is it shows a thin figure with an (express) of fear. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】 What that expression 【详解】考查名词性从句和名词。句意：它引人注目的地方在于，它展示了一个瘦削的身材，脸上带着恐惧的表情。分析句子结构可知，①空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，用what引导，位于句首，首字母应大写，②空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，用that引导，③空前是不定冠词，空处应填名词作宾语，express的名词形式是expression。故填①What，②that，③expression。 5． wants to see the film must buy a ticket first. Otherwise, you wouldn’t get into the cinema. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Whoever 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：谁想看这部电影就必须先买票。否则，你就进不了电影院。分析句子结构可知，本空引导主语从句，从句缺少主语且意为“无论谁，任何人”，用whoever引导，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Whoever。 6． surprised me a lot is that he could come so early. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：让我非常惊讶的是，他竟然来得这么早。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句。主语从句中缺少主语，表示“令我惊讶的事情”，所以用what引导该从句。该单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 7． the two trains crashed into each other still remains unknown, but the police say that it could be due to the heavy snow. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】Why 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：两列火车相撞的原因尚不清楚，但警方表示，这可能是由于大雪。空处引导主语从句，从句成份完整，结合下文“it could be due to the heavy snow”可知，此处是指原因，应用连接副词why作引导词。故填Why。 8． you decide upon will not influence me, for I am not involved in your project. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你的决定不会影响我，因为我没有参与你的项目。分析句子结构，“______ you decide upon”是一个主语从句，且空处在从句中作宾语，所以应用What引导，意为“什么，……的事物”。故填What。 9． we see on the cinema screen is just the tip of the huge iceberg of film-making. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句的引导词。句意：我们在电影屏幕上看到的只是电影制作的冰山一角。设空处引导主语从句，从句缺宾语，表示“看到的东西”应用连接代词what，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填What。 10． he is looking forward to is a successful business. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他所期待的是一项成功的事业。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，what引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填What。 接点二、宾语从句 1．宾语从句的引导词 连接词 that，whether，if 只起连接作用，不 在从句中作成分 连接 代词 what，who，whom， which，whichever， whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、 宾语、表语或定语 连接 副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语 She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn't.她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。 Our teacher always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。 [易错提醒]　 (1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。 (2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh­类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether，不用if。 2．形式宾语 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。 (1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句 (2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句 (3)动词短语see to/depend on/rely on＋it＋从句 (4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋从句 No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步。 I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。 3．宾语从句的时态 一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。 衔接训练 11．She was not aware she had done wrong.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：她没有意识到自己做错了。分析句子结构可知，本空引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分或含义，应用that引导。故填that。 12．We are not sure consequences the storm would bring about, although the weather forecast reported that it could be really destructive. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我们不确定这场风暴会带来什么后果，尽管天气预报说它可能非常具有破坏性。引导宾语从句，表示“什么结果”,设空处应用what。故填what。 13．These words of her give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and carried her through a life of hard choices. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：她的这些话让我们看到了这位了不起的女人的内心，以及是什么让她度过了艰难的人生选择。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“什么让她度过了艰难的人生选择”，故应用连接代词what。故填what。 14．Van Gogh painted he saw from his window and also painted the massive circles of white and yellow (race) across the sky. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】 what racing 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：梵高画了他从窗户看到的东西，还画了巨大的白色和黄色的圆圈在天空中飞驰。分析句子结构可知，在 painted后面是宾语从句，从句谓语动词saw缺少宾语，且指代事物，应用连接代词what引导宾语从句。“ (race) across the sky.”作定语，修饰circles，二者之间是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，故填①what；②racing。 15．Its attraction lies more in it awakens in us than what it says. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：它的吸引力更多地在于它唤醒了我们，而不是它说了什么。分析句子可知，此处引导宾语从句，从句缺宾语成分，指代事物，应用连接代词what。故填what。 16．Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city was to come! (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：它那灰蒙蒙的岩石，时而黑暗，时而明亮，讲述着过去火山喷发的故事，这可能会警告这座城市即将发生什么！分析可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，意为“什么”，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。 17．Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking for anything in return and the woman who uses the extra ticket can choose to either travel with him or take the ticket and travel on her own. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：Axani在他的帖子中写道，他并不寻求任何回报，使用额外机票的女士可以选择和他一起旅行，也可以拿着机票独自旅行。分析句子结构，and连接前后两个并列的宾语从句，and后面宾语从句的成分和意义完整，因此应用that。故填that。 18．At night, we reached is called Nanjing was once used as the capital of many dynasties. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 what which/that 【详解】考查宾语从句和定语从句。句意：晚上，我们到达了所谓的南京，那里曾经是许多朝代的首都。“is called Nanjing ____ was once used as the capital of many dynasties”是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处指的是一个地方，因此第一空用what引导宾语从句；“was once used as the capital of many dynasties”是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词Nanjing是一个地方，因此第二空用which/that引导定语从句，故填what，which/that。 19．The research shows when people are speaking, they easily convey social and (emotion) information through facial expression, tones of voice, pauses and so on. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】 that emotional 【详解】考查宾语从句和形容词。句意：研究表明，当人们说话时，他们很容易通过面部表情、语调、停顿等来传达社会和情感信息。分析句子结构可知，第一空引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分，且引导词没有含义，需用连接词that引导；第二空作定语，修饰名词information，需用形容词emotional。故填①that；②emotional。 20．As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page, Beethoven tried to imagine people would respond when they heard it the first time.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】 how for 【详解】考查宾语从句和介词。句意：当贝多芬自豪地在这一页的底部签上自己的名字时，他试着想象人们第一次听到这首歌时会有什么反应。“people would respond when they heard it”是宾语从句，从句中不缺成分，句子表示“当贝多芬自豪地在这一页的底部签上自己的名字时，他试着想象人们第一次听到这首歌时会有什么反应”，第一空意为“如何”，用how引导宾语从句；for the first time是固定短语，意为“第一次”，因此第二空是for，故填how，for。 接点三、表语从句 1．表语从句的引导词 连接词 that，whether 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分 连接 代词 what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接 副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语 The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended. 对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。 This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up. 这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。 [易错提醒]　if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。 2．as if/as though引导表语从句 as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。 The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。 3．其他常考的表语从句 (1)This/That/It is why＋表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是……的原因” (2)This/That/It is because＋表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为……” (3)The reason why...is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……” 衔接训练 21．They also need to be ready to give (interview) in English with international journalists. This is they need an English trainer. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 interviews why 【详解】考查名词和连接词。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。interview为可数名词，无不定冠词修饰，用复数形式。this is why“这是为什么……”，why引导表语从句，表示结果。故填①interviews；②why。 22．The subway is people call the underground in London. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：在伦敦，人们称地铁为underground。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作主句的表语，表语从句中call缺少宾语，结合“The subway”可知，宾语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。 23．The key finding of the study was   when crowds were furtherdivided into smaller groups that were allowed to have adiscussion, the averages from these groups were more accuratethan those from an equal number of independent individuals. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小团体时，这些小团体的平均结果比同等数量的独立个体更为准确。在这个句子中，“The key finding of the study was ____”后面引导一个表语从句，用来说明研究的主要发现。在这个从句中，需要一个连接词来引导并说明这个发现的具体内容。根据句意，这里需要描述一个特定情况或条件，即“当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小团体时”所发生的现象。从句句意完整、成分齐全，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。 24．Things are not always they seem to be. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】as 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：事情并不总是像看上去的那样。分析句子结构，空处引导一个表语从句，这里表示“像”，应用as引导。故填as。 25．This is I have been looking for. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：这是我一直所追求的。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。 26．All this happened over twenty years ago, but it is it was only yesterday. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as if/as though 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这一切都发生在二十多年前，但仿佛就发生在昨天。在表语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且根据“All this happened over twenty years ago”可知，此处是指仿佛就发生在昨天，所以应用as if或as though表示“似乎”。故填as if/as though。 27．The trouble is I am anxious to telephone Mr Smith but I have lost his number. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：问题是我急于给史密斯先生打电话，但我把他的号码弄丢了。分析句子结构，空处引导一个表语从句，且从句的成分和意义完整，所以应用that引导，that只起连接作用，不充当成分，且无词义。故填that。 28．I think it is you are doing too much. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】because 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我认为这是因为你做得太多了。分析句子结构，空处引导一个表语从句，这里引出原因，所以应用because引导。故填because。 29．The reason for their failure you know is they are lazy. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：你知道他们失败的原因是他们懒惰。分析句子结构可知，本空引导表语从句，句意和句子结构完整，用that引导。故填that。 30．The reason why he was late is there was heavy traffic on the road. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他迟到的原因是路上交通拥挤。空格处引导的是表语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，且句子意思完整，因此空格处用that引导表语从句，故填that。 接点四、同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见同位语从句的名词：advice，conclusion，doubt，fact，hope，idea，news，promise，question，suggestion，thought，truth，wish，word等。引导同位语从句的引导词：that，whether，how，where，when，why等。 The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。 [易错提醒]　that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。 【技法点拨】 在语法填空中： 1．首先确定空格处所在从句是否为名词性从句。然后分析从句在整个句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。 2．判断从句中的连接词。 (1)若从句不缺少成分则要考虑句意是否完整，若句意不完整，则需用whether/if；若句意完整，则用that。 (2)若从句缺少主、宾或表语，则用连接代词。 (3)若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。 另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(如whether，because，as if 等)的用法。 衔接训练 31．I have no idea   effective measures our school will take to strengthen our listening skills. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我不知道我们学校将采取什么有效措施来加强我们的听力技能。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导同位语从句，对idea解释说明，用连词what引导从句，意为“什么”。故填what。 32．There is growing evidence people whose diets are rich in vitamins are less likely to develop some types of cancers. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：越来越多的证据表明，饮食中富含维生素的人患某些癌症的可能性较小。evidence意思为：证据，空处引导从句，对于evidence的内容进行说明，且从句结构完整，不缺少主要成分以及含义，用that引导同位语从句。故填that。 33．There is much chance ________ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. 【答案】that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：比尔有很大机会从受伤中恢复来比赛。There is much chance that..“很有可能……”，that引导同位语从句。故填that。 34．They have no idea their daughter will win first prize in the 100 metres race. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查连接词。句意：他们不知道他们的女儿在百米赛跑中能否获得一等奖。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明idea，又结合句意可知，应填whether。 35．There is no doubt the suggestion he puts forward at the meeting is practical. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：毫无疑问，他在会上提出的建议是可行的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句对名词doubt进行解释说明；从句成份和意义都完整，用连接词that作引导词。也可看作固定句型there is no doubt that...“毫无疑问……”。故填that。 36．There is no doubt she not only has profound knowledge and (advance) ideas but also has strict attitude teaching and flexible teaching methods, (create) a pleasant atmosphere. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】 that advanced to creating 【详解】考查同位语从句、形容词、介词和非谓语动词。句意：毫无疑问，她不仅有渊博的知识和先进的思想，而且教学态度严谨，教学方法灵活，营造了愉快的氛围。第一空，There is no doubt that...为固定句型，that引导同位语从句，空处需填that；第二空修饰名词ideas，需填形容词advanced，作定语；第三空，attitude to为固定搭配，意为“对……的态度”，空处需填介词to；第四空，需填非谓语动词作状语，create和前面的句子为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填①that；②advanced；③to；④creating。 37．I have some doubt what he said at the party was true or not. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】whether 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：他在聚会上说的话是真是假，我有点怀疑。空处引导同位语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词表示“是否”，且与“or not”连用，需用连接词whether。故填whether。 38．News came as soon as she arrived home her son died in the war.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：她一到家就传来她儿子死于战争的消息。此处是固定句型News came that...“有消息传来”，that引导news的同位语从句。故填that。 39．We are excited at the news some foreign students will visit our school. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：听到一些外国学生将参观我们学校的消息，我们很兴奋。空格处引导的是同位语从句，从句中成分齐全，且句子意思完整，因此空格处用that引导同位语从句，故填that。 40．There is a danger I may not be able to tell these friends are real friends. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 that whether 【详解】考查同位语从句和宾语从句。句意：有一种危险是，我可能无法分辨这些朋友是否是真正的朋友。分析句子结构可知，第一空为连接词引导的同位语从句对danger解释说明，从句中不缺主语和宾语，且句意完整，所以使用连接词that；第二空为连接词引导的宾语从句作tell的宾语，从句中不缺主语和宾语，但句意不完整，结合句意可知，此处表示“是否”，所以第二空使用连接词whether。故填①that，②whether。 【达标训练】 一、语法填空 A.单句语法填空 1．I was just letting off steam really, because I was so angry, but then my friend went and told everyone else I’d said. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我只是在发泄情绪，因为我当时非常生气，但随后我的朋友却把我说的话告诉了所有人。空处引导told的宾语从句。从句中缺少宾语。且表示“我所说的话”，所以用what引导该从句。故填what。 2． is strange is that she always wears sunglasses indoors, even at night. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：奇怪的是，她总是在室内戴着墨镜，甚至在晚上也是如此。根据句中的第二个系动词is及其后that引导的表语从句可知，空处应为主语从句的引导词，主语从句中缺少主语，表示“奇怪的事情”，应填what引导主语从句并在主语从句中作主语，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 3．Perseverance is it takes to do anything well. 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：毅力是做好任何事情所需要的。此处为连接代词what引导的表语从句，what在从句中作takes的宾语成分，意为“需要的事情”。故填what。 4．Word came free souvenirs would be given to whoever comes first. 【答案】that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：有消息说，谁先到谁就有免费纪念品。该句为固定句型Word came that…“有消息说……”，that引导同位语从句，对word的内容进行解析说明，从句意义完整，不缺成分，所以用连词that。故填that。 5．There is still some doubt the spring sports meeting will be held in our school. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：在我们的学校是否举行春季运动会仍然存在一些疑问。分析句子可知，这是一个同位语从句，修饰doubt（怀疑），根据句意可知，从句缺少“是否”这个意思，故填whether。 6．I think you’d better ask him he wants. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我认为你最好还是问问他想要什么。该空需要一个连接词引导宾语从句，并指代事物作从句中wants的宾语，应填连接代词what。故填what。 7．I still don’t understand you mean by “on reserve”. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我还是不明白你所说的“on reserve”是什么意思。空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，表示“什么”，用连接代词what。故填what。 8． this job demands most is perseverance and patience. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：这份工作最需要的是毅力和耐心。分析句子结构可知，本空引导主语从句，从句缺少 demands的宾语，应用what引导，位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 9．Never ignore if you work harder you’ll achieve more. 【答案】that 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：永远不要忽视，如果你更努力，你会取得更多的成就。分析句子结构可知，ignore后为宾语从句，从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故填that。 10．His suggestion is we should hire more experienced people. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他的建议是我们应该雇用更多有经验的人。空处引导表语从句，从句结构、意义完整，应填that引导，故填that。 11．The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for seemed like hours. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：小女孩吓得说不出话来，在那里站了几个小时。空处引导宾语从句，作介词for的宾语，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导，故填what。 12．It matters greatly your parents understand and support you. 【答案】whether/that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：重要的是你的父母（是否）理解和支持你。分析句子可知，It是形式主语，空处引导主语从句，结合句意可知，此处表示“是否”，使用whether引导从句；也可理解为从句结构、意义完整（你的父母理解和支持你），用that引导，故填whether/that。 13． makes Christopher Reeve admirable is his positive attitude and his devoted spirit. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：克里斯托弗·里夫令人钦佩的是他积极的态度和奉献的精神。分析句子可知，“_____makes Christopher Reeve admirable”为主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，需用连接代词what引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。 14．Determination and optimism are it takes to conquer your fear and accomplish your goal. 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：决心和乐观是克服恐惧和实现目标所需要的。空处引导表语从句，从句中的take缺少宾语，指物，需用连接代词what引导该表语从句，故填what。 15． impresses me most is that our teacher always creates a kind of atmosphere where we can voice our opinions freely. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：最让我印象深刻的是，我们的老师总是能创造出一种我们可以自由地表达意见的氛围。分析可知，设空处引导主语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，表示“……的是”，应用what，句首单词首字母大写，故填What。 16．People hold the belief the Spring Festival and other traditional Chinese festivals will not be replaced by foreign festivals. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：人们认为春节和其他中国传统节日不会被外国节日所取代。空格处引导的是同位语从句，从句中不缺成分且句子意思完整，因此空格处用that来引导同位语从句，hold the belief that...意为“坚信……，认为……”，故填that。 17．There is still some doubt the autumn sports meeting will be held on time in our school because of bad weather. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：由于天气不好，我们学校的秋季运动会能否按时举行仍有疑问。分析句子可知，此处为whether表示“是否”引导的同位语从句，对先行词doubt的解释和说明。故填whether。 18．As we all know, reading classics is of great importance to us. This is it can not only improve our studies but also enrich our everyday life. 【答案】because 【详解】考查连词。句意：我们都知道，阅读经典对我们很重要。这是因为它不仅可以提高我们的学习，还可以丰富我们的日常生活。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入连词；前后句之间为因果关系，所以需要填入because，表示“因为”。故填because。 19．The reason ________ he gave for his absence is ________ he was drunk. 【答案】that; that 【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：他给出的缺席的原因就是他喝多了。第一空引导定语从句，先行词reason在定语从句中作宾语指物，用that；第二空引导表语从句，从句不缺成分，且引导词没有含义，需用连接词that引导。故填①that；②that。 20．This is I am writing this letter asking to be a volunteer. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这就是我写这封信要求成为一名志愿者的原因。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少原因状语，需用连接副词why引导。故填why。 21． caused the accident is a complete mystery. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：造成事故的原因完全是个谜。分析句子可知，空处引导主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导，首字母应大写，故填What。 22．Bob had seen the film before. That was he did not see it yesterday. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：Bob之前已经看过这部电影了。那就是他昨天没有看这部电影的原因。句子中“That was ____ he did not see it yesterday”是一个表语从句，用来解释“That”即“那个事实”的原因。在这个从句中，需要一个连接词来引导从句并充当从句中的原因状语，说明“他昨天没有看这部电影”的原因。根据句意，连接词应表达“原因”的意思，而“why”恰好符合这一要求，它在这里不仅引导了从句，还作为从句的原因状语。因此，空格处应填入“why”，构成完整的表语从句，解释Bob昨天没有看这部电影的原因。故答案是why。 23．Bruce did not watch the game last night. That was he had to help his little sister with her homework. 【答案】because 【详解】考查连接词。句意：布鲁斯昨晚没有看比赛。那是因为他必须帮助他的小妹妹辅导功课。that was because ...那是因为，because引导表语从句，表示原因。because。 24．It is uncertain   team will win in the final contest. 【答案】which 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：谁能在决赛中获胜还很难说。此处引导主语从句，从句缺少team的定语，表示“哪一个”应用which。故填which。 25．   they suddenly disappeared remained a mystery. 【答案】Why 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他们突然消失的原因仍然是个谜。分析句子结构可知“______ they suddenly disappeared”为主语从句，从句缺少原因状语，需用连接副词why引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Why。 B.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As English learners, we have the alphabet clearly in our mind, in order, from a very young age. You can say the ABCs 26 rapid speed and some people can even say them backwards without 27 (think)about it. We certainly can't imagine the alphabet being in any other order. but how did the order we know today come to be? There’s 28 (real) not an easy answer. No one woke up and decided to put the 29 (letter )in that order, the alphabet 30 (evolve)slowly over a long period of time to become 31 it is today. Our alphabet can date back to ancient Egypt. This first alphabet 32 (improve)by the Phoenicians around1000 BC, 33 (early)than the Greeks by 200 years, and we have them to thank for vowels (元音 ) From Greece, our alphabet traveled to Rome, and the Romans turned 34 into the“modern”alphabet, with letters we recognize today. So why that order? While we don’t know for sure. some scholars assumed that the order came from memory cells in our brains meant 35 (help)people remember it-some kind of sentence where each letter became a full word, like the technique you used in school to remember the order of the planets. 【答案】26．at 27．thinking 28．really 29．letters 30．evolved 31．what 32．was improved 33．earlier 34．it 35．to help 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了大家很熟悉的26个英文字母的由来以及探究了为什么是现在这个顺序呢？ 26．考查介词。句意：你可以以很快的速度说ABCs，并且有些人还可以不假思索的将其倒背如流。空格位于名词短语前，和后边的名词短语一起做say的状语，所以空格处应填介词，与其后名词组成介词短语作状语。“以很快的速度”应使用介词at，故填at。 27．考查动名词。句意同上。空格位于介词without后，括弧中给出的是动词think，所以应填动名词作宾语。故填thinking。 28．考查副词。句意：真的没有一个简单的答案。空格处单词位于be动词后，修饰be动词或者整句话，应用副词形式。故填really。 29．考查名词的复数形式。句意：没有一个人醒来就决定把这些字母按那个顺序排列，字母是经过长时期的演变才变成今天这个样子的。我们知道字母表有26个字母，所以空格处应填letter（字母）的复数形式。故填letters。 30．考查一般过去时。句意同上。这句话将字母的演化过程，且由“over a long period of time”可知，这句话应使用一般过去时。故填evolved。 31．考查宾语从句。句意同上。这是一个宾语从句，主句缺宾语，从句缺表语，所以应使用what做连接词。故填what。 32．考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：第一个字母表是由腓尼基人在公元前1000年左右改进过的，比希腊人还早200年。这句话第一个空格处的单词作句子的谓语，This first alphabet与improve之间是被动关系，所以谓语动词使用被动语态。This first alphabet为第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词使用第三人称单数。又由around1000 BC可知，句子使用一般过去时。故填was improved。 33．考查形容词比较级。句意同上。这句话将腓尼基人改进字母表的时间与希腊人对比，所以空格处应填形容词比较级，故填earlier。 34．考查代词。句意：罗马人将它变成了现代的字母表，就是我们现在认识的这样。由and可知，and后是一个完整的句子，分析句子成份，句子缺少宾语。“turn sth. into…”意为“将……变成……”。根据句意，sth.应指代前边提到的the alphabet，故用it替代。故填it。 35．考查不定式作宾语。句意：一些学者认为人们记忆中的这个顺序意味着帮助人们记住它。“meant to do sth.”意为“意味着做某事”，故填to help。 二、语法与写作 36．你会发现不同的文化实际上有很多共同之处。(culture, in common) (汉译英) 【答案】You’ll find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all. 【详解】考查时态，名词和短语。根据所给中文提示，“你们”作主语，译为“you”，“发现”译为find，“不同的文化实际上有很多共同之处”作宾语，句意完整，成分齐全用that引导宾语从句，从句主语“不同的文化”译为different cultures，“有很多共同之处”作谓语和宾语，根据题干要求，用have a lot in common，描述的是将来要发生的事情，用一般将来时，从句描述客观事实，用一般现在时，“实际上”可译为after all，作状语。故译为You’ll find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all. 37．我们相信张伟会遵守诺言。(用 belief 后跟同位语从句) (汉译英) 【答案】We have the belief that Zhang Wei will will keep his promise. 【详解】考查同位语动词和动词短语。根据所给中文提示词，以及题干要求，需用belief后跟同位语从句，所以“我们相信”作主句，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，译为“We have the belief”，“张伟会遵守诺言”为同位语从句，句意完整，用that引导，根据句意，描述还未发生的事，用一般将来时，“遵守诺言”为固定搭配：keep one’s promise，译为“Zhang Wei will will keep his promise”。故译为：We have the belief that Zhang Wei will will keep his promise. 38． immediately her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的征兆。 【答案】 It occurred to 【详解】考查固定句型。根据句意，表示“某人意识到某事的发生”应为“it occurs to sb. that”句型，其中it为形式主语，that引导的为主语从句作真正主语，结合句意和从句中的谓语动词were可知，此处应使用一般过去时，所以谓语动词应为occurred，主语it位于句首，所以it的首字母需大写。故填①It②occurred③to。 39．为了得到这份工作，应聘者必须制作展示他们对大堡礁了解程度的短视频。(现在分词短语作后置定语) To get this job, the candidates had to make a short video . 【答案】showing how much they knew about the reef 【详解】考查非谓语动词和宾语从句。中英文对比，可知缺少“展示他们对大堡礁了解程度的”，可以使用现在分词短语作后置定语，结合主句的had可知句子时态是一般过去时；“展示”是show，与a short video之间是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语；其后用how much引导的宾语从句，“他们对大堡礁了解程度”可用how much they knew about the reef。故答案为showing how much they knew about the reef。 40． global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. 据认为全球变暖和气候改变在将来会引起更多的灾难。 【答案】It is assumed that 【详解】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，“据认为”为句型“It is assumed that”，其描述的情况为普遍存在的“现状”，其中it作形式主语，that引导了真正的主语从句，陈述事实，时态使用一般现在时，故填It is assumed that。 41． Tu Youyou was the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize in Medicine. 据宣布，屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔医学奖的中国人。 【答案】It was announced that 【详解】考查固定句型。分析句子结构可知，“据宣布”为固定句型It is announced that，it是形式主语，that引导主语从句，事情发生在过去，is应为过去式was。故填It was announced that。 42．We are pleased to all five players were successful. 我们高兴地宣布5位运动员都成功了。 【答案】announce that 【详解】考查动词和宾语从句。“宣布”announce，be pleased to do sth.意为“高兴地做某事”，不定式符号to后接动词原形形式，空后为使用主系表结构的完整句子，不缺少成分和意义，所以使用连接词that引导宾语从句，作动词announce的宾语。故填announce that。 43．我很荣幸地通知你，在这次比赛中你获得第一名。(inform) I have the honour you have won the first prize in the competition. 【答案】to inform you that 【详解】考查动词不定式，动词固定结构。根据汉语提示，设空处对应“通知你”，同时结合空后为从句（从句意义完整，不缺成分）可知，这里用动词短语“inform sb. that…”，意为“告知/通知某人某事”，即“inform you that”。且空前结构为“have the honor to do…”，不定式结构作定语。因此，所填应是不定式形式，需在动词前加不定式符号“to”。故填to inform you that。 44．事实证明，市场毕竟不是理性的。(turn) the market was not rational after all. 【答案】It turned out that 【详解】考查固定句型。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“事实证明”，用it turned/ turns out that，其中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句。根据语境可知事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式turned。故填It turned out that。 45．来参加晚会的人都会收到一份礼物。 to the party will receive a gift. 【答案】Whoever comes 【详解】考查动词，连词和时态。表示“来”应用动词come；分析句子结构和意思可知，表示“来参加晚会的人”应用连词whoever，引导主语从句。这句话描述的是现在的情况，谓语用一般现在时，主语是whoever，谓语用第三人称单数形式，句首单词首字母大写。故答案为Whoever comes。 【能力提升】 一、阅读理解 Want a relaxing but fun challenge at home? 1 Puzzles have been around for more than 250 years and the challenge of working out where each piece goes and carefully recreating the scene on the box lid can keep you busy for hours, days or even weeks. Puzzles come in a huge range of sizes and difficulty levels. For beginners, a 100-piece puzzle is usually a good starting point. 2 Try grouping pieces with the same colors or design because they will probably go in the same area once the puzzle takes shape. 3 Those pieces are easier to find because they have a straight side. Stay patient as you search through and try to make it fit together. You may not find any connecting pieces for ages but then several may suddenly appear. For a real test, puzzles that have 1,000 pieces or more are a tough task and it’s best to complete them with friends or family if you can. Choosing a scene that interests you, such as a favourite film, sport or location, can help keep you interested and determined to work to the final piece. You can get fun educational puzzles, too. 4 Some of the best places to pick up puzzles are charity shops. They’re often on sale for less than £5. Once you have completed a puzzle, it’s nice to exchange it with a friend. 5 You just upload an image, such as a family scene, and they will make a puzzle from it and post it to you. It makes lovely and unusual present. A．So others can have a go. B．You can’t beat a good puzzle. C．Some companies make personalized puzzles. D．However, a good start doesn’t always lead to a good result. E．Most people like to start by getting the four edges of a puzzle laid out. F．It can get you used to sorting out how the shapes, patterns and colors go together. G．For example, you may try a map of the world or historical timelines. 【答案】1．B 2．F 3．E 4．G 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是在家做的一个放松但有趣的挑战活动——拼图，简要介绍了拼图的历史、不同尺寸类型，拼图方法及购买方式。 1．根据空前的“Want a relaxing but fun challenge at home?(想在家里做一个轻松又有趣的挑战吗?)”可知，通过提问的方式引出本文的话题，结合空后的“Puzzles have been around for more than 250 years and the challenge of working out where each piece goes and carefully recreating the scene on the box lid can keep you busy for hours, days or even weeks.(拼图已经有250多年的历史了，要找出每一块拼图的位置，并仔细地重现盒子盖上的场景，这可能会让你忙上几个小时、几天甚至几个星期)”可知，此处紧接着提到了拼图，由此可知，此空应衔接上下文，引出拼图这一概念，B选项“You can’t beat a good puzzle.(一幅好拼图是无可匹敌的)”回答了空前的提问，引出了要讲述的话题——拼图，符合语境。故选B项。 2．根据空前的“Puzzles come in a huge range of sizes and difficulty levels. For beginners, a 100-piece puzzle is usually a good starting point.(拼图的大小和难度都有很大的差异。对于初学者来说，100块拼图通常是一个不错的起点)”可知，拼图有各种大小和难度级别，并建议初学者从100块的拼图开始，结合空后的“Try grouping pieces with the same colors or design because they will probably go in the same area once the puzzle takes shape.(尝试用相同的颜色或设计分组，因为一旦拼图成型，它们可能会出现在相同的区域)”可知，此处提出了如何进行拼图的建议，由此可知，此空处应涉及到100 块拼图的拼法，F选项“It can get you used to sorting out how the shapes, patterns and colors go together.(它可以让你习惯于分辨形状、图案和颜色如何搭配。)”提到的shapes、patterns以及colors与空后涉及到的内容一致，it指代的为空前所提到的“a 100-piece puzzle”。故选F项。 3．根据空后的“Those pieces are easier to find because they have a straight side.(这些碎片更容易找到，因为它们有一个直的边)”可知，那些碎片更容易找到，因为都有一个直的边，由此可知，此空应涉及到与“Those pieces”所指代的内容，E选项“Most people like to start by getting the four edges of a puzzle laid out.(大多数人喜欢先把一个拼图的四个边摆出来。)”中的four edges与空后的straight side相对应。故选E项。 4．根据空前的“Choosing a scene that interests you, such as a favourite film, sport or location, can help keep you interested and determined to work to the final piece. (选择一个你感兴趣的场景，比如最喜欢的电影、运动或地点，可以帮助你保持兴趣，并决心完成最后的作品)”可知，选择感兴趣的场景有助于帮助你保持兴趣并下定决心完成作品，并举例介绍有趣的场景拼图，结合 “You can get fun educational puzzles, too.(你也可以玩有趣的教育意义相关的拼图)”可知，此处提出也可以选择有趣的益智游戏，由此可推断，此空应涉及到的是与教育相关的拼图，G选项“For example, you may try a map of the world or historical timelines.(例如，你可以尝试世界地图或历史时间表。)”中列举的世界地图和历史年表都有教育意义，符合语境。故选G项。 5．根据空后的“You just upload an image, such as a family scene, and they will make a puzzle from it and post it to you. (你只要上传一张图片，比如一个家庭的场景，他们就会用它制作一个拼图，然后邮寄给你)”可知，此处介绍的是个性化定制拼图的方法，由此可知，此空处应涉及到个性化定制拼图，C选项“Some companies make personalized puzzles.(一些公司制作个性化的拼图。)”讲述的内容涉及到了定制个性拼图的一些公司，符合语境。故选C项。 二、完形填空 I’ve always wanted to attend a music festival. But as a person with autism (自闭症), the 6 of being forced into a loud group of thousands of people has always 7 me. For years I avoided them. 8 , after gradually developing an attitude of trying new things, I decided to go to this year’s Reading Festival with my 9 . We arrived at the festival last Thursday afternoon only to be faced with a(n) 10 check-in line. Thankfully, we could skip it and enter at a welcome 11 for disabled guests. Soon a warm-hearted volunteer 12 us to a camping area for the disabled. Noticing me struggling with my 13 , he kindly offered to carry them. He even offered to help me put up my tent. I 14 with a grateful smile, saying my friend was 15 to offer much needed help. The next afternoon, volunteers guided us to a disabled viewing stand. It was a(n) 16 atmosphere with a sea of people from around the world dancing and singing along to their favorite 17 , who all gave excellent performances. I was surprised to see how the power of music could 18 people from different ages, backgrounds, and cultures. 19 soon became friends because we all had a shared language — music. All in all, I 20 my first music festival, which opened my eyes to a whole new world. I greatly respect the volunteers who gave up their time to help disabled people. 6．A．warning B．thought C．experience D．embarrassment 7．A．excited B．disappointed C．frightened D．inspired 8．A．Therefore B．Nowadays C．Instead D．However 9．A．relative B．band C．parent D．friend 10．A．endless B．unusual C．striking D．horrible 11．A．ceremony B．point C．atmosphere D．branch 12．A．treated B．introduced C．directed D．arranged 13．A．bags B．performances C．diseases D．feelings 14．A．continued B．refused C．escaped D．stopped 15．A．on hand B．in charge C．ready D．willing 16．A．reasonable B．informal C．lively D．hopeful 17．A．hosts B．artists C．workers D．volunteers 18．A．understand B．improve C．control D．move 19．A．Foreigners B．Enemies C．Neighbors D．Strangers 20．A．remembered B．confirmed C．enjoyed D．missed 【答案】6．B 7．C 8．D 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．A 16．C 17．B 18．D 19．D 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过叙述作者作为自闭症患者，首次参加音乐节的经历，展示了作者的情感变化、与他人的互动以及对音乐节氛围的感受。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是作为一个自闭症患者，想到被迫置身于成千上万人的喧闹群体中总是让我感到害怕。A. warning警告；B. thought想法；C. experience经历、经验；D. embarrassment尴尬、难为情。根据上文“I’ve always wanted to attend a music festival.”可知，作者想去音乐节只是一个想法。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是作为一个自闭症患者，想到被迫置身于成千上万人的喧闹群体中总是让我感到害怕。A. excited使兴奋；B. disappointed使失望；C. frightened使害怕；D. inspired激励。根据上文“But as a person with autism”以及常理可知，置身于成千上万人的喧闹群体中总是让作者感到害怕。故选C。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在逐渐培养出尝试新事物的心态后，我决定和我的朋友一起去参加今年的Reading音乐节。A. Therefore因此；B. Nowadays现今；C. Instead反而；D. However然而。根据上文“For years I avoided them”以及下文“after gradually developing an attitude of trying new things, I decided to go to this year’s Reading Festival with my ____4____.”可知，上下文之间存在转折关系。故选D。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在逐渐培养出尝试新事物的心态后，我决定和我的朋友一起去参加今年的Reading音乐节。A. relative亲戚；B. band乐队；C. parent父母；D. friend朋友。根据下文“I ____9____ with a grateful smile, saying my friend was ____10____ to offer much needed help.”可知，作者是和朋友一起参加了音乐节。故选D。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们上周四下午到达音乐节，却面临着一长串无止境的签到队伍。A. endless没完没了的；B. unusual不同寻常的；C. striking显著的、吸引人的；D. horrible可怕的。根据下文“Thankfully, we could skip it and enter at a welcome ____6____ for disabled guests”可判断，报到处的队伍非常长，也就是无止境的人在排队。故选A。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我们可以跳过这一环节，在残疾客人欢迎点进入。A. ceremony仪式；B. point观点、地点；C. atmosphere氛围；D. branch分部、树枝。根据上文“Thankfully”以及下文“Soon a warm-hearted volunteer ____7____ us to a camping area for the disabled.”可知，作者是从专门为残疾人准备的欢迎点进入了音乐会所在地。故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，一位热心的志愿者指引我们前往残疾人的露营区。A. treated对待、处理；B. introduced介绍；C. directed给……指路；D. arranged安排。根据空后的“to a camping area for the disabled”可知，这位志愿者是将作者带到了残疾人露营区。下一段中“volunteers guided us to a disabled viewing stand”的guided也是提示，与此处directed同义。故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他注意到我提着包很吃力，便好意地提出要帮我拿包。A. bags包；B. performances表演、表现；C. diseases疾病；D. feelings感觉。根据下文“he kindly offered to carry them”可推测，空处的东西比较重，作者拿着很费力，所以志愿者提出为作者拿。故选A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我带着感激的微笑拒绝了，说我的朋友就在旁边，可以提供急需的帮助。A. continued持续；B. refused拒绝；C. escaped逃避；D. stopped停止。根据下文“saying my friend was ____10____ to offer much needed help”可知，作者说自己的朋友可以帮忙，所以是拒绝了志愿者的好意。故选B。 15．考查短语词义辨析。句意：我带着感激的微笑拒绝了，说我的朋友随时可以提供急需的帮助。A. on hand在手边、现场；B. in charge负责；C. ready准备好的；D. willing乐意的。根据上文可知，作者拒绝了志愿者的好意，由此可判断，作者的意思是朋友在旁可随时提供帮助。考查短语：be on hand to do，意为“随时做某事”，符合句意。故选A。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现场气氛热烈，来自世界各地的人们和他们最喜欢的艺术家一起载歌载舞，他们的表演都很精彩。A. reasonable合理的；B. informal非正式的；C. lively活跃热情的；D. hopeful充满希望的。根据下文“with a sea of people from around the world dancing and singing along to their favorite ____12____, who all gave excellent performances.”可知，现场气氛非常热烈，有很多人一起载歌载舞。故选C。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现场气氛热烈，来自世界各地的人们和他们最喜欢的艺术家一起载歌载舞，他们的表演都很精彩。A. hosts主人；B. artists艺术家；C. workers工人；D. volunteers志愿者。根据空后的定语从句“who all gave excellent performances”可推测，这些表演的人是艺术家。故选B。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我惊讶地发现，音乐的力量可以打动不同年龄、背景和文化的人。A. understand理解；B. improve提高；C. control控；D. move移动、打动。根据上文“It was a（n）____11____ atmosphere with a sea of people from around the world dancing and singing along to their favorite ____12____, who all gave excellent performances.”以及下文“____14____ soon became friends because we all had a shared language —music.”可知，音乐可以打破年龄、背景和文化的禁锢，从而打动所有的人。故选D。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：陌生人很快就成了朋友，因为我们都有一种共同的语言——音乐。A. Foreigners外国人；B. Enemies敌人；C. Neighbors邻居；D. Strangers陌生人。根据上文可知，音乐可以打动所有人，即便是陌生人也能成为朋友。故选D。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：总的来说，我很享受我的第一个音乐节，它让我看到了一个全新的世界。A. remembered记得；B. confirmed证实、确定；C. enjoyed享受；D. missed错过。根据下文“which opened my eyes to a whole new world.”可知，作者很喜欢也很享受这次音乐节。故选C。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$