升高二暑假【夏日FUN学】专题1：非谓语动词 教案-2024-2025学年人教版（ 2019） 暑假衔接英语课程

【夏日FUN学】2024年暑假英语升高二衔接教案 专题1：非谓语动词（原卷版） 【知识对接】 种类 时态 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √ 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ × √ √ × 完成式 having done having been done 分 词 现在分词 一般式 doing being done × × √ √ √ √ 完成式 having done having been done × × √ √ √ √ 过去分词 一般式 done(vt.) × × √ √ √ √ 接点一、动词不定式 动词不定式的基本用法(to do) （1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，It’s +adj.+to do sth.） （2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。 （3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③疑问词+不定式，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street.但在被动语态中要把to还原，如：A little girl was seen to run across the street (by me). （5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way. (make/think/consider/find...+it +adj.+to do sth.) （6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. （7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语： Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了）。将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式，表示“太…以致于不能…”的结果，如：You are too young to take care of yourself now. 接点二、动名词（doing） 动名词由动词原形家词尾-ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词已经名词化了，而现在分词常表示动作或状态。如：a sleeping chair 躺/睡椅（动名词，表用途） a sleeping child 正在睡觉的孩子（现在分词，表状态）动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 （一）作主语 1. 直接位于句首做主语。 Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 注意：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数 2.用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。 这种用法在习惯句型中常用，常用句型： It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a plessure… + v.ing 注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词后面不用动名词（常用不定式）。 3.用于布告形式的省略结构中。 No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 禁止吸烟。 No parking. 禁止停车。 4.动名词的复合结构 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如： Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。 Do you mind my sitting here?你介意我坐在这里吗？ （二）作宾语 1. 作动词的宾语 某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stand, put off, give up等。例如： Would you mind opening the window?吧窗户打开好吗？ She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。 在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语）做宾语：find/think/consider… + it（形式宾语） + no use/no good/useless… + v.ing（真正宾语）。例如： I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。 形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。例如： The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 2. 作介词的宾语 能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend…(in), feel like, prefer…to…, instead of, in case of等等。例如： We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。 3. 作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。例如： Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.) 4. 作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如： a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing 接点三、分词（doing/done） （一）现在分词的形式 1. 现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如：The students standing there are from Class Three. 站在那里的学生来自三班。 2. 现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如：Having finished all the work, they had a good rest. 结束了所有工作后，他们好好地休息了一下。 3. 现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”，被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如：Not reading carefully, he wouldn’t find many things he had not known before. Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 没有回应，因此他决定再写一封信。 （二）现在分词的用法 1. 作定语 现在分词作定语，具有形容词的性质。一般说来，单个的现在分词一般可以前置作定语，修饰名词；如果现在分词构成分词短语则后置作定语。 例如：Keep quiet. Don't wake up the sleeping children. 请安静。不要吵醒睡觉的孩子们。 We live in a room facing the south. 我们住在一间朝南的房间里。 2. 作表语 现在分词作表语时总是放在系动词的后面，构成系表结构，表示主语的状态。 例如：The story sounds interesting. 这故事听起来很有趣。 The promising future is more encouraging than ever before. 未来充满希望，前所未有地鼓舞人心。 3. 作宾语补足语 现在分词作宾语补足语，通常用在感官动词或使役动词的宾语后面，表示主动或动作正在进行。 例如：Some people leave the water running after washing hands. 有些人洗完手后就让水依然流着。 4. 作状语 现在分词作状语，相当于一个表示原因、时间、方式、条件、结果等情况的状语从句。根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。 1) 表示时间，相当于状语从句when, while。 例如：Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life. 在家乡学习的时候，我享受了这一生最快乐的时光。 2) 表示条件，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。 例如：Being given once more time, I will finish the task! 假如再给我一次机会，我会完成任务的！ Preparing fully, we are sure to pass the test. 如果准备充分，我们肯定能通过考试。 3) 表示原因，相当于原因状语从句because, since, for, as, etc. 例如：Not understanding the relationship between the two cases, I asked the lawyer about it. 由于不明白两个案子之间的关系，我咨询了律师。 Being ill, she can't go to work today. 因为生病，今天她不能上班了。 4) 表示让步，相当于though, although或no matter+特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句。 例如：Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管了解了这一切，他们还是让我赔偿损失。 Although working hard every day, we still have endless work to deal with. 我们即使每天拼命干活，还是有处理不完的工作。 5) 表示结果，相当于结果状语从句。 例如：His parents' letter has just come, relieving him from anxiety. 他父母的来信刚刚到，可解了他的焦躁了。 6）表示方式或伴随状语。 例如：They lay on the grass, looking at the sky. 他们躺在草地上，仰望着填空。 The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping. 孩子们从房间里跑出来，欢笑着，蹦跳着。 根据上述现在分词的用法，我们可以了解到问题中涉及的句子中的动词-ing形式，即completing一词，并不是动名词形式。在这个句子中出现了while，引导时间状语，因此completing为现在分词形式，表示句中的时间。全句意为：必须能够六天不睡觉，同时完成其他一些任务。 （三）过去分词的基本用法 过去分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者，如： 1.作定语：过去分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语，如：The stolen car was found by the police last week. 2.作表语：过去分词作表语时，表示其逻辑主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句中的主语，如：The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。 注：过去分词作表语时，和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意义不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。 3.作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：动词have后的复合宾语中，宾语补足语如为过去分词，常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的，如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找别人）把我的自行车给修了。 4.作状语：过去分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句，该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语，是过去分词所表示意义的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确，常在分词前加when, if, while, though, as等连词，如：Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.（we是该结构的逻辑主语，是give的逻辑宾语。） 接点四、动名词、不定式作宾语的区别 I meant to give you this book today，but I forgot. 我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。 Missing this train means waiting for another hour. 错过这辆火车意味着得再等一小时。 接点五、doing、done做定语的区别 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子（正在进行） fallen leaves 已经落在地上的叶子（已经完成） developing country 发展中国家（正在进行） developed country 发达国家（已经完成） 【达标训练】 一、单句语法填空。 1．She was more interested in tending patients, publishing medical research, and (train) the next generation of doctors. 2．Dr Lin Qiaozhi graduated from PUMC with the Wenhai Scholarship, the highest prize (give) to graduates. 3．With her face (bury) in her hands, the hopeless mother couldn’t help crying at the scene of her injured son. 4． (warn) many times, the student still skipped class yesterday, disappointing the headteacher a lot. 5．My mother was busy cleaning the dirty house, only (stop) once in a while to drink some water. 6．More subways are being built in Nanjing (make) it more convenient for people to travel from one place to another. 7．The Amazon’s hot climate makes it hard for the soil (build) up enough nutrients. 8． (inspire) by real life, the author wrote a book called Guidelines and Tips for Residents’ Behavior. 9．Dressed in her fine clothes, the adorable girl successfully made herself (notice) in the party. 10．The play to be produced next month aims mainly (promote) the local culture. 11．He worked around the clock and got his work (complete) ahead of time. 12．The man (stand) there with a book in his hand is my English teacher. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．We will have a picnic in the park, weather （permit）. 14． (conduct) his experiment on a stormy day in 1752, Franklin proved lightning was really just electricity. 15．I will download the application and get it (run). 16． (deliver) the package to the customer, the deliveryman stopped to have lunch. 17． by green rolling hills and beautiful lakes, the island looks amazing. (surround) 18．30% of American teenagers admit (lie) about their age to gain success to some websites. 19．The sourness of a moment earlier was gone, a warmth and gratitude (replace) it. 20．In order to escape (catch), the thief hid himself among the trees. 二、语法与写作 1．信不信由你！伟大音乐家创作的美好音乐，可以让一个人内心平静，从而更容易度过艰难时期。 Believe it or not, beautiful music written by great musicians can help one calm down and more easily. 2．他骑车的时候，摔断了腿。(have  sth  done ) ,while  taking a bike. 3．你能告诉我我们在什么地方开会吗？ ① Can you tell me ?(where引导的宾语从句) ②Can you tell me ?(“疑问词+ to do”结构) 4．她被她的其中一只猫绊倒了并摔伤了腿。 one of her cats, she broke her leg. 5．没有人陪伴，她开始在网上聊天来打发时间。 Since she had nobody , she started chatting online to kill time. 6．节假日期间，我们总是随处可见挤满了游客的街道。 During holidays, we can always see streets everywhere. 7．大卫已决心不辜负公司的期望。 David has determined to the expectations of the company. 8．他不会让情绪妨碍自己的工作。 He wouldn’t allow emotions to of him doing his job. 9． such success, Fiona hopes to more users through other forms of new media. 已经取得了如此成功，Fiona希望通过其他新媒体形式吸引更多的用户。 10．他被这段音乐打动了，他说：“那种（兴奋的）感觉就如同是第一次看见色彩一样。” , he said, “lt was like seeing color .” 11．很荣幸在这里做关于阅读经典的演讲。 It’s a great for me to on reading classics. 12．为了谋生，有些人在唐人街开商店、开餐馆。 In order to   , some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown. 13．北京位于中国的东北部，是中国最大的城市之一。 the northeast of China, Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the countdown to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics continues, the new high-speed railway line 1 （connect）the capital with Olympic host city Zhangjiakou has just entered service. It cuts the travel time 2 the two from three hours to 47 minutes. But this isn’t just another bullet train. This beauty, part of China’s Fuxing series, can run up to 350 kilometers per hour without a driver, 3 （say）to be the world’s first smart high-speed railway. So what makes them “smart”? Well, the carriages 4 （equip）with 5G signals, intelligent lighting and sensors to collect real-time data and detect any operational abnormalities. Meanwhile, each individual seat has 5 （it）own touch-screen control panel and wireless charging docks. Though the high-speed trains on the route are autonomous, 6 monitoring driver will be on board at all times. The trains can 7 （automatic）start, stop and adjust to the different speed 8 （limit）between stations. Back at the station, robots and facial recognition technologies can help passengers with directions, luggage and paperless check-ins. Today, China is home to the world’s largest high-speed rail network, and the 9 （fast）commercially operating train—the Shanghai maglev. According to the China State Railway Group, 1,036 Fuxing bullet trains have been put into operation since 2017, 10 the series were first launched. 【能力提升】 一、阅读理解 In today’s world, it can be challenging to stay motivated and positive. However, one powerful tool that we can use to overcome these challenges is encouragement. Encouragement can make a significant difference in someone’s life. 1 Encouragement can come in many forms, such as words of affirmation (肯定), acts of kindness, or simply showing support. In today’s society, where negativity is common, a little bit of encouragement can go a long way. One of the most significant benefits of encouragement is that it builds strong relationships. Encouragement creates a positive environment where people feel valued and appreciated. When we encourage others, we are showing them that we believe in them and that we care about their well-being. 2 Another benefit of encouragement is that it creates a chain reaction. 3 This chain reaction can spread throughout a community, workplace, or family. By building each other up, we create a supportive and empowering environment. 4 The first step is to be intentional about our words and actions. We can start by offering genuine words, expressing thanks, or simply listening attentively. We can also seek out opportunities to encourage others, whether it’s through volunteering or offering support during tough times. By taking small but consistent actions, we can make a significant impact on the lives of other people. In conclusion, the power of encouragement cannot be overstated. It has the potential to transform lives, build strong relationships, and create a ripple effect of positivity. By being intentional about our words and actions, we can use encouragement to build others up and create a better world. 5 A．Encouragement can change our moods. B．So how can we use encouragement to build others up? C．Why should we make every effort to encourage others? D．This strengthens the bond between people and promotes trust and loyalty. E．When we encourage others, they, in turn, are more likely to encourage others F．Let us use the power of encouragement and start building each other up today. G．When we encourage others, we give them the motivation and confidence they need to succeed. 二、完形填空 In a small village there lived a lazy Brahmin Ramdas. He would do nothing but daydream all day. One sunny afternoon, Ramdas was very 6 . He said, “What a beautiful day! How I wish I could go back to sleep. But I have to go out and get my food.” After bathing, Ramdas took out a bowl and out to 7 . By begging the whole day he managed to get a pot full of 8 . “It is this pot of milk that is going to make me 9 ,” he thought. “I will use it to make butter. From the butter, I will be 10 to make ghee (酥油). I am really clever! I will then go to the 11 and sell the ghee,” his dream 12 . “With the money I get, I will buy a pair of goats. They will have 13 after six months. Soon I would have an entire herd of goats.” “How 14 I am,” he thought. “The day I become a rich businessman I will build a big house right in the middle of the village. There will be a splendid garden and a swimming pool in front of the house. Early morning I will 15 in the blue waters of the pool.” Deep in his 16 , he struck out with his foot, breaking the 17 , and drenching (使湿透) himself with the milk. He saw the situation and cried. He lost whatever he had because of his 18 and daydreaming. Laziness is the biggest 19 of our life. If you are lazy, then you will not acquire any significant position in your life and will always have nothing. Laziness is a 20 who slowly steals everything from us. If you want to become successful in your life and career, please overcome the devil laziness. 6．A．hungry B．angry C．sick D．curious 7．A．sell B．beat C．beg D．entertain 8．A．money B．soup C．water D．milk 9．A．wealthy B．happy C．famous D．strange 10．A．lucky B．capable C．interested D．particular 11．A．road B．hotel C．market D．shop 12．A．changed B．continued C．paused D．stopped 13．A．kids B．huts C．arguments D．wounds 14．A．generous B．handsome C．brave D．smart 15．A．bathe B．exercise C．sweep D．surf 16．A．ideas B．opinions C．thoughts D．expressions 17．A．heart B．pot C．ghee D．goal 18．A．sadness B．laziness C．carelessness D．anxiety 19．A．success B．aim C．partner D．enemy 20．A．robber B．thief C．murderer D．visitor ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 【夏日FUN学】2024年暑假英语升高二衔接教案 专题1：非谓语动词（解析版） 【知识对接】 种类 时态 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √ 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ × √ √ × 完成式 having done having been done 分 词 现在分词 一般式 doing being done × × √ √ √ √ 完成式 having done having been done × × √ √ √ √ 过去分词 一般式 done(vt.) × × √ √ √ √ 接点一、动词不定式 动词不定式的基本用法(to do) （1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，It’s +adj.+to do sth.） （2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。 （3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③疑问词+不定式，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street.但在被动语态中要把to还原，如：A little girl was seen to run across the street (by me). （5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way. (make/think/consider/find...+it +adj.+to do sth.) （6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. （7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语： Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了）。将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式，表示“太…以致于不能…”的结果，如：You are too young to take care of yourself now. 接点二、动名词（doing） 动名词由动词原形家词尾-ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词已经名词化了，而现在分词常表示动作或状态。如：a sleeping chair 躺/睡椅（动名词，表用途） a sleeping child 正在睡觉的孩子（现在分词，表状态）动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 （一）作主语 1. 直接位于句首做主语。 Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 注意：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数 2.用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。 这种用法在习惯句型中常用，常用句型： It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a plessure… + v.ing 注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词后面不用动名词（常用不定式）。 3.用于布告形式的省略结构中。 No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 禁止吸烟。 No parking. 禁止停车。 4.动名词的复合结构 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如： Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。 Do you mind my sitting here?你介意我坐在这里吗？ （二）作宾语 1. 作动词的宾语 某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stand, put off, give up等。例如： Would you mind opening the window?吧窗户打开好吗？ She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。 在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语）做宾语：find/think/consider… + it（形式宾语） + no use/no good/useless… + v.ing（真正宾语）。例如： I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。 形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。例如： The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 2. 作介词的宾语 能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend…(in), feel like, prefer…to…, instead of, in case of等等。例如： We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。 3. 作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。例如： Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.) 4. 作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如： a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing 接点三、分词（doing/done） （一）现在分词的形式 1. 现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如：The students standing there are from Class Three. 站在那里的学生来自三班。 2. 现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如：Having finished all the work, they had a good rest. 结束了所有工作后，他们好好地休息了一下。 3. 现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”，被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如：Not reading carefully, he wouldn’t find many things he had not known before. Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 没有回应，因此他决定再写一封信。 （二）现在分词的用法 1. 作定语 现在分词作定语，具有形容词的性质。一般说来，单个的现在分词一般可以前置作定语，修饰名词；如果现在分词构成分词短语则后置作定语。 例如：Keep quiet. Don't wake up the sleeping children. 请安静。不要吵醒睡觉的孩子们。 We live in a room facing the south. 我们住在一间朝南的房间里。 2. 作表语 现在分词作表语时总是放在系动词的后面，构成系表结构，表示主语的状态。 例如：The story sounds interesting. 这故事听起来很有趣。 The promising future is more encouraging than ever before. 未来充满希望，前所未有地鼓舞人心。 3. 作宾语补足语 现在分词作宾语补足语，通常用在感官动词或使役动词的宾语后面，表示主动或动作正在进行。 例如：Some people leave the water running after washing hands. 有些人洗完手后就让水依然流着。 4. 作状语 现在分词作状语，相当于一个表示原因、时间、方式、条件、结果等情况的状语从句。根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。 1) 表示时间，相当于状语从句when, while。 例如：Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life. 在家乡学习的时候，我享受了这一生最快乐的时光。 2) 表示条件，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。 例如：Being given once more time, I will finish the task! 假如再给我一次机会，我会完成任务的！ Preparing fully, we are sure to pass the test. 如果准备充分，我们肯定能通过考试。 3) 表示原因，相当于原因状语从句because, since, for, as, etc. 例如：Not understanding the relationship between the two cases, I asked the lawyer about it. 由于不明白两个案子之间的关系，我咨询了律师。 Being ill, she can't go to work today. 因为生病，今天她不能上班了。 4) 表示让步，相当于though, although或no matter+特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句。 例如：Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管了解了这一切，他们还是让我赔偿损失。 Although working hard every day, we still have endless work to deal with. 我们即使每天拼命干活，还是有处理不完的工作。 5) 表示结果，相当于结果状语从句。 例如：His parents' letter has just come, relieving him from anxiety. 他父母的来信刚刚到，可解了他的焦躁了。 6）表示方式或伴随状语。 例如：They lay on the grass, looking at the sky. 他们躺在草地上，仰望着填空。 The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping. 孩子们从房间里跑出来，欢笑着，蹦跳着。 根据上述现在分词的用法，我们可以了解到问题中涉及的句子中的动词-ing形式，即completing一词，并不是动名词形式。在这个句子中出现了while，引导时间状语，因此completing为现在分词形式，表示句中的时间。全句意为：必须能够六天不睡觉，同时完成其他一些任务。 （三）过去分词的基本用法 过去分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者，如： 1.作定语：过去分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语，如：The stolen car was found by the police last week. 2.作表语：过去分词作表语时，表示其逻辑主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句中的主语，如：The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。 注：过去分词作表语时，和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意义不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。 3.作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：动词have后的复合宾语中，宾语补足语如为过去分词，常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的，如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找别人）把我的自行车给修了。 4.作状语：过去分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句，该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语，是过去分词所表示意义的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确，常在分词前加when, if, while, though, as等连词，如：Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.（we是该结构的逻辑主语，是give的逻辑宾语。） 接点四、动名词、不定式作宾语的区别 I meant to give you this book today，but I forgot. 我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。 Missing this train means waiting for another hour. 错过这辆火车意味着得再等一小时。 接点五、doing、done做定语的区别 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子（正在进行） fallen leaves 已经落在地上的叶子（已经完成） developing country 发展中国家（正在进行） developed country 发达国家（已经完成） 【达标训练】 一、单句语法填空。 1．She was more interested in tending patients, publishing medical research, and (train) the next generation of doctors. 【答案】training 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：她对照顾病人、发表医学研究和培训下一代医生更感兴趣。分析句子可知，此空应用动名词形式，作介词in后面宾语。故填training。 2．Dr Lin Qiaozhi graduated from PUMC with the Wenhai Scholarship, the highest prize (give) to graduates. 【答案】given 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：林巧稚博士毕业于上海医学院，获得文海奖学金，该奖学金是颁发给毕业生的最高奖项。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，the highest prize与give为被动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用过去分词作定语，修饰前面名词。故填given。 3．With her face (bury) in her hands, the hopeless mother couldn’t help crying at the scene of her injured son. 【答案】buried 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：这位绝望的母亲双手掩面，在儿子受伤的现场忍不住哭了起来。分析句子可知，这里考查with复合结构，her face与bury为被动关系，所以这里用过去分词作宾补。故填buried。 4． (warn) many times, the student still skipped class yesterday, disappointing the headteacher a lot. 【答案】Having been warned 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：尽管被警告了很多次，这个学生昨天还是逃课了，这让校长非常失望。空处应用非谓语动词作状语，the student和warn为被动关系，且非谓语动词先于谓语动词发生，这里应用现在分词完成被动式作状语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Having been warned。 5．My mother was busy cleaning the dirty house, only (stop) once in a while to drink some water. 【答案】stopping 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的母亲忙于打扫脏乱的房子，只是偶尔停下来喝点水。句中已有谓语动词was busy cleaning，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，My mother与stop为逻辑上的主谓关系，需用现在分词形式，故填stopping。 6．More subways are being built in Nanjing (make) it more convenient for people to travel from one place to another. 【答案】to make 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：南京正在修建更多的地铁，使人们从一个地方到另一个地方的出行更加方便。空处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to make。 7．The Amazon’s hot climate makes it hard for the soil (build) up enough nutrients. 【答案】to build 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：亚马逊的炎热气候使得土壤很难积累足够的养分。分析句子可知，此处构成“make+it+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”结构，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。故填to build。 8． (inspire) by real life, the author wrote a book called Guidelines and Tips for Residents’ Behavior. 【答案】Inspired 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：受到真实生活的启示，作者写了一本叫做《居民行为准则和建议》的书。此处作状语，主语the author与inspire之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语，故填Inspired。 9．Dressed in her fine clothes, the adorable girl successfully made herself (notice) in the party. 【答案】noticed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：穿着漂亮的衣服，这个可爱的女孩在派对上成功地让自己引起了注意。空处需要非谓语动词作宾语补足语。该动词和宾语herself之间为被动关系， 所以用过去分词作宾补。故填noticed。 10．The play to be produced next month aims mainly (promote) the local culture. 【答案】to promote 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：下个月将要上演的这部剧主要旨在推广当地文化。aim to do sth.“目标是做某事”，所以空处需要动词不定式作宾语。故填to promote。 11．He worked around the clock and got his work (complete) ahead of time. 【答案】completed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他夜以继日地工作，提前完成了工作。此处complete与work构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填completed。 12．The man (stand) there with a book in his hand is my English teacher. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】standing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：站在那里手里拿着一本书的那个人是我的英语老师。此处stand与man为主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填standing。 13．We will have a picnic in the park, weather （permit）. 【答案】permiting 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：如果天气允许的话，我们将在公园野餐。分析句子结构可知，这里为独立主格结构。逻辑主语weather与permit之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填permiting。 14． (conduct) his experiment on a stormy day in 1752, Franklin proved lightning was really just electricity. 【答案】Conducting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：1752年，富兰克林在一个暴风雨的日子里进行了他的实验，证明闪电实际上就是电。此处conduct与Franklin构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Conducting。 15．I will download the application and get it (run). 【答案】running 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我将下载应用程序并使其运行。“get + sth. + 现在分词”表示“使某物处于某种状态或进行某种动作”,it与动词run是主动关系。故填running。 16． (deliver) the package to the customer, the deliveryman stopped to have lunch. 【答案】Having delivered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：送货员把包裹送到顾客手中后，停下来吃午饭。空处应用非谓语形式作状语，deliver与逻辑主语the deliveryman之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。“把包裹送给顾客”这个动作发生在“送货员停下来吃午饭”之前，应用现在分词完成式having delivered，作句子状语，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填Having delivered。 17． by green rolling hills and beautiful lakes, the island looks amazing. (surround) 【答案】Surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座岛屿被绿色连绵起伏的山丘和美丽的湖泊所包围，看起来令人惊叹。本句谓语为looks，此处为非谓语动词，且the island与surround“包围”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填Surrounded。 18．30% of American teenagers admit (lie) about their age to gain success to some websites. 【答案】lying 【详解】考查动名词。句意：30%的美国青少年承认为了成功访问某些网站而谎报他们的年龄。admit doing sth.“承认做某事”，所以空处需要动名词的形式作宾语。故填lying。 19．The sourness of a moment earlier was gone, a warmth and gratitude (replace) it. 【答案】replacing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：之前的酸楚感消失了，取而代之的是一种温暖和感激之情。空处为需要非谓语动词，和前面的“a warmth and gratitude”构成独立主格结构，在句中作状语。该动词和其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词表示主动。故填replacing。 20．In order to escape (catch), the thief hid himself among the trees. 【答案】being caught 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了逃避抓捕，小偷藏匿在树林中。escape doing sth.固定搭配，意为“逃避做某事”，catch和主语the thief是被动关系，应用动名词的被动语态，故填being caught。 二、语法与写作 1．信不信由你！伟大音乐家创作的美好音乐，可以让一个人内心平静，从而更容易度过艰难时期。 Believe it or not, beautiful music written by great musicians can help one calm down and more easily. 【答案】get through hard times 【详解】考查固定搭配。表示“度过”应用动词短语get through；表示“艰难时期”应用名词短语hard times，作宾语。help sb. (to)do sth. “帮助某人做某事”为固定搭配，to可省略，由and可知，空处应用get与calm并列，作宾补。故填get through hard times。 2．他骑车的时候，摔断了腿。(have  sth  done ) ,while  taking a bike. 【答案】He had is leg broken 【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词时态。短语：have sth.done，其中宾语和宾语补足语之间是被动关系，是过去分词作宾语补足语；“摔断了一条腿”翻译为have his leg broken。再根据时间状语last week可知句子用一般过去时。故填had his leg broken。 3．你能告诉我我们在什么地方开会吗？ ① Can you tell me ?(where引导的宾语从句) ②Can you tell me ?(“疑问词+ to do”结构) 【答案】 where we will have the meeting where to have the meeting 【详解】考查宾语从句和疑问词+ to do结构。根据句意以及句子的提示要求可知，此处为连接副词where表示“在哪里”引导的宾语从句，在该宾语从句中，表示“我们将开会”可译为we will have the meeting；此处也可为疑问词where表示“在哪里”后接动词不定式to do的结构；表示“开会”为动词短语have the meeting。故分别填where；we；will；have；the；meeting；where；to；have；the；meeting。 4．她被她的其中一只猫绊倒了并摔伤了腿。 one of her cats, she broke her leg. 【答案】 Tripped over 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语。根据汉语提示可知，“绊倒”可以用“trip over”表示，“她”和“绊倒”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词，故填 Tripped；over。 5．没有人陪伴，她开始在网上聊天来打发时间。 Since she had nobody , she started chatting online to kill time. 【答案】to keep her accompany 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“陪伴”可用,动词短语keep sb accompany，根据句子结构，用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰nobody，宾格her和主语She逻辑一致。故填to keep her accompany。 6．节假日期间，我们总是随处可见挤满了游客的街道。 During holidays, we can always see streets everywhere. 【答案】 crowded with tourists 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。空处意为“挤满了游客”，为短语be crowded with tourists，根据空前的see sth. done“看见某事被做”结构，此处应省略be动词，用过去分词作宾补，故填crowded with tourists。 7．大卫已决心不辜负公司的期望。 David has determined to the expectations of the company. 【答案】 live up to 【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，表示“不辜负”应为固定短语live up to，位于不定式符号to之后，所以此处使用动词原形。故填①live②up③to。 8．他不会让情绪妨碍自己的工作。 He wouldn’t allow emotions to of him doing his job. 【答案】 get in the way 【详解】考查动词短语。根据所给中文提示词和英文翻译可知，需翻译部分是“妨碍”，设空为四个，应是固定短语：get in the way意为“妨碍”，空前的to是不定式的标志，空处填动词原形。故填①get，②in，③the，④way。 9． such success, Fiona hopes to more users through other forms of new media. 已经取得了如此成功，Fiona希望通过其他新媒体形式吸引更多的用户。 【答案】 Having achieved attract 【详解】考查现在分词和动词。根据句意，表示“取得”应为achieve，此空所在的部分为非谓语动词短语作状语，achieve与逻辑主语Fiona之间为主动关系，且发生在谓语动词hopes之前，所以此处使用现在分词的完成式having achieved，位于句首，having的首字母需大写；结合句意，第二空表示“吸引”应为attract，位于不定式符号to之后，所以此处使用动词原形。故填①Having②achieved③attract。 10．他被这段音乐打动了，他说：“那种（兴奋的）感觉就如同是第一次看见色彩一样。” , he said, “lt was like seeing color .” 【答案】 Affected by the music for the first time 【详解】考查非谓语动词、介词短语。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作状语，可推断出此处应使用过去分词短语，根据汉语提示，表示“他被这段音乐打动了”，含义的表达为： affected by the music，表示被动及完成的动作；第二个空白处位于句中，表示“第一次”含义的短语为for the first time，符合句意要求。故填Affected by the music；for the first time。 11．很荣幸在这里做关于阅读经典的演讲。 It’s a great for me to on reading classics. 【答案】 pleasure / honor / privilege make / deliver / give a speech 【详解】考查名词和动词短语。很荣幸做某事为It’s a great pleasure / honor / privilege to do sth，做演讲为make / deliver / give a speech。故填pleasure / honor / privilege；make / deliver / give a speech。 12．为了谋生，有些人在唐人街开商店、开餐馆。 In order to   , some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown. 【答案】 earn/make a living 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“谋生”可用动词短语earn a living或make a living，in order to do sth. (为了干某事)。故填①earn/make；②a；③living。 13．北京位于中国的东北部，是中国最大的城市之一。 the northeast of China, Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 【答案】 Located in 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：北京位于中国的东北部，是中国最大的城市之一。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语is，空处应使用非谓语形式，“位于”可使用固定短语be located in，动词locate与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此可省略be动词使用过去分词作状语，位于句首时首字母大写。故填①Located；②in。 三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the countdown to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics continues, the new high-speed railway line 1 （connect）the capital with Olympic host city Zhangjiakou has just entered service. It cuts the travel time 2 the two from three hours to 47 minutes. But this isn’t just another bullet train. This beauty, part of China’s Fuxing series, can run up to 350 kilometers per hour without a driver, 3 （say）to be the world’s first smart high-speed railway. So what makes them “smart”? Well, the carriages 4 （equip）with 5G signals, intelligent lighting and sensors to collect real-time data and detect any operational abnormalities. Meanwhile, each individual seat has 5 （it）own touch-screen control panel and wireless charging docks. Though the high-speed trains on the route are autonomous, 6 monitoring driver will be on board at all times. The trains can 7 （automatic）start, stop and adjust to the different speed 8 （limit）between stations. Back at the station, robots and facial recognition technologies can help passengers with directions, luggage and paperless check-ins. Today, China is home to the world’s largest high-speed rail network, and the 9 （fast）commercially operating train—the Shanghai maglev. According to the China State Railway Group, 1,036 Fuxing bullet trains have been put into operation since 2017, 10 the series were first launched. 【答案】1．connecting 2．between 3．said 4．are equipped 5．its 6．a 7．automatically 8．limits 9．fastest 10．when 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着2022年北京奥运会倒计时的继续，连接首都和奥运会主办城市张家口的新高速铁路刚刚投入使用。文章介绍了高铁的情况。 1．考查现在分词。句意：随着2022年北京冬奥会倒计时的继续，连接首都和奥运会主办城市张家口的新高速铁路刚刚投入使用。connect和它所修饰的词line之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填connecting。 2．考查介词。句意：它将两辆车之间的旅行时间从3小时缩短到47分钟。根据句意则指，空格处填介词，指“两个城市之间”；between意为“两者之间”，故填between。 3．考查过去分词。句意：这条美丽的高速铁路是中国复兴系列的一部分，在没有司机的情况下时速可达350公里，据说是世界上第一条智能高铁。分析句子可知，say和句子主语This beauty, part of China'sFuxing series之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填said。 4．考查时态语态。句意：车厢配备了5G信号、智能照明和传感器，以收集实时数据，并检测任何运行异常。根据固定搭配be equipped with意为“配备着”，可知用被动语态，描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为复数名词。故填are equipped。 5．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：同时，每个座位都有自己的触摸屏控制面板和无线充电座。放在名词前面，所以用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 6．考查冠词。句意：虽然这条线路上的高速列车是自动驾驶的，但司机会一直在车上监控。分析句子可知，主句中dirver是可数名词且为单数形式，空格处需填冠词，此处是泛指，故填a。 7．考查副词。句意：列车可自动启动、停车和调整，以适应车站之间不同的速度限制。修饰动词，所以用副词。空后是动词start，故填automatically。 8．考查名词的数。句意：列车可自动启动、停车和调整，以适应车站之间不同的速度限制。作介词的宾语，所以用名词；空格处前有different修饰，需用名词复数。故填limits。 9．考查形容词最高级。句意：如今，中国拥有世界上最大的高速铁路网络和最快的商业运营列车——上海磁悬浮列车。和前面的largest一样，表示“最快的”，所以用形容词最高级作定语。故填fastest。 10．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：据中国国家铁路集团称，自2017年复兴号动车组首次推出以来，已有1036列复兴号动车组投入运行。分析可知，空白处及之后内容为非限制性定语从句，先行词为时间名词2017，在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语。故填when。 【能力提升】 一、阅读理解 In today’s world, it can be challenging to stay motivated and positive. However, one powerful tool that we can use to overcome these challenges is encouragement. Encouragement can make a significant difference in someone’s life. 1 Encouragement can come in many forms, such as words of affirmation (肯定), acts of kindness, or simply showing support. In today’s society, where negativity is common, a little bit of encouragement can go a long way. One of the most significant benefits of encouragement is that it builds strong relationships. Encouragement creates a positive environment where people feel valued and appreciated. When we encourage others, we are showing them that we believe in them and that we care about their well-being. 2 Another benefit of encouragement is that it creates a chain reaction. 3 This chain reaction can spread throughout a community, workplace, or family. By building each other up, we create a supportive and empowering environment. 4 The first step is to be intentional about our words and actions. We can start by offering genuine words, expressing thanks, or simply listening attentively. We can also seek out opportunities to encourage others, whether it’s through volunteering or offering support during tough times. By taking small but consistent actions, we can make a significant impact on the lives of other people. In conclusion, the power of encouragement cannot be overstated. It has the potential to transform lives, build strong relationships, and create a ripple effect of positivity. By being intentional about our words and actions, we can use encouragement to build others up and create a better world. 5 A．Encouragement can change our moods. B．So how can we use encouragement to build others up? C．Why should we make every effort to encourage others? D．This strengthens the bond between people and promotes trust and loyalty. E．When we encourage others, they, in turn, are more likely to encourage others F．Let us use the power of encouragement and start building each other up today. G．When we encourage others, we give them the motivation and confidence they need to succeed. 【答案】1．G 2．D 3．E 4．B 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了鼓励的重要性以及如何鼓励他人。 1．根据上文“Encouragement can make a significant difference in someone’s life.(鼓励可以给一个人的生活带来很大的不同。)”以及后文“Encouragement can come in many forms, such as words of affirmation (肯定), acts of kindness, or simply showing support. In today’s society, where negativity is common, a little bit of encouragement can go a long way.(鼓励可以有很多种形式，比如肯定的话，善意的行为，或者只是表示支持。在当今社会，消极是普遍的，一点点的鼓励可以走很长的路。)”可知，上文提到鼓励给人的生活带来很大不同，后文主要说明了鼓励的形式，推测本句承接上文，具体论述鼓励是如何影响他人的。故G选项“当我们鼓励别人时，我们给了他们成功所需的动力和信心”承上启下，故选G。 2．本句为本段最后一句，根据上文“One of the most significant benefits of encouragement is that it builds strong relationships. Encouragement creates a positive environment where people feel valued and appreciated. When we encourage others, we are showing them that we believe in them and that we care about their well-being.(鼓励最重要的好处之一是它能建立牢固的关系。鼓励创造了一个积极的环境，让人们感到被重视和欣赏。当我们鼓励别人时，我们是在向他们表明我们相信他们，我们关心他们的幸福。)”可知，本句应承接上文，继续说明鼓励他人的好处。故D选项“这加强了人与人之间的联系，促进了信任和忠诚”符合语境，故选D。 3．根据上文“Another benefit of encouragement is that it creates a chain reaction.(鼓励的另一个好处是它会产生连锁反应。)”以及下文“This chain reaction can spread throughout a community, workplace, or family.（这种连锁反应可以蔓延到整个社区、工作场所或家庭。）”可知，本句应承接上文，解释说明“连锁反应”是如何展开的。故E选项“当我们鼓励别人时，反过来，他们也更有可能鼓励别人”符合语境，故选E。 4．根据后文“The first step is to be intentional about our words and actions. We can start by offering genuine words, expressing thanks, or simply listening attentively. We can also seek out opportunities to encourage others, whether it’s through volunteering or offering support during tough times. By taking small but consistent actions, we can make a significant impact on the lives of other people.(第一步是有意识地言行。我们可以从真诚的话语开始，表达感谢，或者只是认真倾听。我们也可以寻找机会鼓励他人，无论是通过志愿服务还是在困难时期提供支持。通过采取小而持续的行动，我们可以对他人的生活产生重大影响。)”可知，本段主要解释了应该如何鼓励他人。故B选项“那么，我们该如何利用鼓励来造就他人呢？”引出下文，符合语境，故选B。 5．本句为本段最后一句，上文“In conclusion, the power of encouragement cannot be overstated. It has the potential to transform lives, build strong relationships, and create a ripple effect of positivity. By being intentional about our words and actions, we can use encouragement to build others up and create a better world.(总之，鼓励的力量怎么强调都不为过。它有可能改变生活，建立牢固的人际关系，并产生积极的连锁反应。通过有意识地言行，我们可以鼓励他人，创造一个更美好的世界。)”提到了鼓励他人可以创造更美好的世界，推测是建议多鼓励他人。故F选项“让我们用鼓励的力量，从今天开始互相帮助”符合语境，故选F。 二、完形填空 In a small village there lived a lazy Brahmin Ramdas. He would do nothing but daydream all day. One sunny afternoon, Ramdas was very 6 . He said, “What a beautiful day! How I wish I could go back to sleep. But I have to go out and get my food.” After bathing, Ramdas took out a bowl and out to 7 . By begging the whole day he managed to get a pot full of 8 . “It is this pot of milk that is going to make me 9 ,” he thought. “I will use it to make butter. From the butter, I will be 10 to make ghee (酥油). I am really clever! I will then go to the 11 and sell the ghee,” his dream 12 . “With the money I get, I will buy a pair of goats. They will have 13 after six months. Soon I would have an entire herd of goats.” “How 14 I am,” he thought. “The day I become a rich businessman I will build a big house right in the middle of the village. There will be a splendid garden and a swimming pool in front of the house. Early morning I will 15 in the blue waters of the pool.” Deep in his 16 , he struck out with his foot, breaking the 17 , and drenching (使湿透) himself with the milk. He saw the situation and cried. He lost whatever he had because of his 18 and daydreaming. Laziness is the biggest 19 of our life. If you are lazy, then you will not acquire any significant position in your life and will always have nothing. Laziness is a 20 who slowly steals everything from us. If you want to become successful in your life and career, please overcome the devil laziness. 6．A．hungry B．angry C．sick D．curious 7．A．sell B．beat C．beg D．entertain 8．A．money B．soup C．water D．milk 9．A．wealthy B．happy C．famous D．strange 10．A．lucky B．capable C．interested D．particular 11．A．road B．hotel C．market D．shop 12．A．changed B．continued C．paused D．stopped 13．A．kids B．huts C．arguments D．wounds 14．A．generous B．handsome C．brave D．smart 15．A．bathe B．exercise C．sweep D．surf 16．A．ideas B．opinions C．thoughts D．expressions 17．A．heart B．pot C．ghee D．goal 18．A．sadness B．laziness C．carelessness D．anxiety 19．A．success B．aim C．partner D．enemy 20．A．robber B．thief C．murderer D．visitor 【答案】6．A 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．A 16．C 17．B 18．B 19．D 20．B 【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文，介绍了一个懒人拉姆达斯在乞讨了一罐牛奶后做白日梦，觉得自己很富有，最后把牛奶罐子打破的故事，文章告诉我们不能懒惰。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个阳光明媚的下午，拉姆达斯非常饿。A. hungry饿的；B. angry生气的；C. sick生病的；D. curious好奇的。根据下文“But I have to go out and get my food.”可知，拉姆达斯很饿，所以要去乞讨食物。故选A项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：洗完澡，拉姆达斯拿出一个碗，出去乞讨。A. sell卖；B. beat打败；C. beg乞求，乞讨；D. entertain使快乐。根据下文“By begging the whole day”可知，拉姆达斯出去乞讨。故选C项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他乞讨了一整天，总算弄到了满满一罐牛奶。A. money钱；B. soup汤；C. water水；D. milk牛奶。根据下文“this pot of milk”可知，拉姆达斯成功乞讨到一罐牛奶。故选D项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这罐牛奶会让我变得富有，”他想。A. wealthy富有的；B. happy快乐的；C. famous著名的；D. strange奇怪的。根据下文“The day I become a rich businessman”及本段拉姆达斯的白日梦想可知，他想变得富有。故选A项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我可以用黄油制作酥油。A. lucky幸运地；B. capable能够的；C. interested感兴趣的；D. particular特别的。根据“From the butter”及“to make ghee”可知，使用黄油能够制作酥油。故选B项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“然后我将去市场卖酥油，”他的美梦继续着。A. road道路；B. hotel旅馆；C. market市场；D. shop商店。根据“sell the ghee”可知，可以去市场卖酥油。故选C项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“然后我将去市场卖酥油，”他的美梦继续着。A. changed改变；B. continued继续；C. paused暂停；D. stopped停止。根据下文“With the money I get, I will buy a pair of goats.”及下文内容可知，他还在做白日梦，梦想继续着。故选B项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：六个月后它们就会有孩子了。A. kids孩子；B. huts小屋；C. arguments争论；D. wounds伤口。根据上文“With the money I get, I will buy a pair of goats.”及下文“Soon I would have an entire herd of goats.”可知，买了山羊就希望它们生孩子，然后就有很多山羊。故选A项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我真聪明，”他想。A. generous慷慨的；B. handsome英俊的；C. brave勇敢的；D. smart聪明的。根据上文“I am really clever!”可知，拉姆达斯认为自己十分聪明，此处smart与上文clever为对应词。故选D项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：清晨，我将沐浴在游泳池的蓝色的水里。A. bathe沐浴；B. exercise锻炼；C. sweep扫；D. surf冲浪。根据上文“There will be a splendid garden and a swimming pool in front of the house.”可知，此处表示在泳池里沐浴。故选A项。 16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在沉思中，他一脚猛踢，打碎了罐子，牛奶溅了他一身。A. ideas主意；B. opinions观点；C. thoughts想法；D. expressions表达。根据上文拉姆达斯的幻想可知，他沉浸在想法里。deep in thoughts为固定短语。故选C项。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在沉思中，他一脚猛踢，打碎了罐子，牛奶溅了他一身。A. heart心；B. pot罐；C. ghee酥油；D. goal目标。根据下文“drenching (使湿透) himself with the milk”可知，牛奶罐被打破了，溅了他一身。故选B项。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他失去了一切，因为他的懒惰和白日梦。A. sadness悲伤；B. laziness懒惰；C. carelessness粗心；D. anxiety焦虑。根据下文“Laziness is the biggest ____14____ of our life.”及上文讲到拉姆达斯很懒，不作为只是做白日梦可知，因为他懒惰，他失去了一切。故选B项。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：懒惰是我们一生中最大的敌人。A. success成功；B. aim目标；C. partner伙伴；D. enemy敌人。根据下文“If you are lazy then you will not acquire any significant (重要的) position in your life and will always have nothing.”可知，如果懒惰，就什么都得不到，所以它是我们一生中的敌人。故选D项。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：懒惰是一个小偷，慢慢地偷走我们的一切。A. robber强盗；B. thief小偷；C. murderer凶手；D. visitor参观者。根据“who slowly steals everything from us”可知，懒惰是一个偷走我们一切的小偷。故选B项。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$