Unit 1 How can we become good learners?（知识清单）英语人教版九年级全一册

Unit 1 How can we become good learners？ Unit1 话题 学习方法 词汇 单词过关： 1.教科书，课本 n. _______________ 2.谈话 n. _______________________ 3.大声地，出声地 adv. ______________ 4.大声的（地）adj&adv _____________ 5.大声地，吵闹地 adv. ______________ 6.发音 n. ________________________ 7.发音 v. _________________________ 8.句子 n. _________________________ 9.有耐心的 adj., 病人n. ______________ 10.表情，表达 n. ___________________ 11.表达 v. ___________________________ 12.发现 v. _______________________ 13.发现 n. _______________________ 14.秘密 n.，秘密的 adj. ___________ 15.语法 n. _______________________ 16.重复 v. _______________________ 17.笔记，记录 n., 注意，指出 v. ________18.朋友，伙伴 n. _________________ 19.物理 n. _______________________ 20.化学 n. _______________________ 21.记住 v. _______________________ 22.记忆 n. _______________________ 词汇变形： 1. pronounce (v. 发音) — (n. 发音；读音) 2. patient (adj. 有耐心的) — (n. 耐心) — (adv. 耐心地) 3.express (v.表达；表示) — (n. 表情；表达方式) 4. discover (v.发现；发觉) — (n.发现) 5. secret (adj. 秘密的) — (adv.秘密地) 6. physics (n. 物理；物理学) — (adj. 物理的；身体的) 7. chemistry (n. 化学) — (adj. 化学的) 8. memorize (v. 记忆；记住) — (n. 回忆) 9. ability (n. 能力) — (adj. 有能力的) 10. create(v. 创造；创建) — (adj. 有创造力的) — (n. 创造力) 11. connect（v. 与……有联系）— (n. 联系) 12. knowledge（n. 知识）— (adj. 知识渊博的) 13. wise（adj. 明智的）— (adv. 明智地；聪明地) 短语 1. 查阅；抬头看 2. 天生具有 3. 注意；关注 4. 把……和……连接 5. 大声朗读 6. 与……交谈 7. 造句 8. 对某人/某事有耐心 9. 有耐心做某事 10. ……的秘诀 11. 记笔记 12. 练习做某事 13. 向某人寻求帮助 14. 作报告 15. 逐字逐句 16. 备考 17. 口语技能 18. 英语口语 19. 起初；开始 20. 爱上 21. 写日记 22. 英语口语 23. 向……学习 24. 查明 25. 写下；记下 26. 代替；而不是 27. 犯错误 28. 思维导图 句型 （1）---How do you study for a test? ---I study by working with a group. （2）Do you have conversations with friends in English? （3）What about listening to tapes? （4）Have you ever studied with a group? （5）It really improves my speaking skills. （6）It’s too hard to understand spoken English. （7） I have to finish reading a book and give a report next Monday. （8）Don’t read word by word. Read word groups. （9）Try to guess the word’s meaning by reading the sentences before and after it. （10）The more you read, the faster you’ll be. （11）The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time. （12）I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation. （13）I also learned useful sentences like “It’s a piece of cake” or “It serves you right”. （14）I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movies. （15）Everyone is born with the ability to learn. （16）Your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. （17）Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something they are interested in. （18）But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. （19）Knowledge comes from questioning. 语法 介词by+动名词用法 写作 学习方法 单词过关 1.textbook 2.conversation 3.aloud 4.loud 5.loudly 6.pronunciation 7.pronounce 8. sentence 9.patient 10.expression 11.express 12.discover 13.discovery 14.secret 15.grammar 16.repeat 17.note 18.pal 19.physics 20.chemistry 21.memorize 22.memory 词汇变形： 1. pronunciation 2. patience — patiently 3. expression 4. discovery 5. secretly 6. physical 7. chemical 8. memory 9. able 10. creative — creation 11. connection 12. knowledgeable13. wisely 短语： 1. look up 查阅；抬头看 2. be born with 天生具有 3. pay attention to 注意；关注 4. connect…with… 把……和……连接 5. read aloud 大声朗读 6.have a conversation with 与……交谈 7. make a sentence 造句 8.be patient with sb/sth 对某人/某事有耐心 9.be patient to do sth 有耐心做某事 10. the secret to ……的秘诀 11. take notes 记笔记 12. practice doing sth 练习做某事 13. ask sb for help 向某人寻求帮助 14. give a report 作报告 15. word by word 逐字逐句 16. study for a test 备考 17. speaking skills 口语技能 18. spoken English 英语口语 19. at first 起初；开始 20. fall in love with 爱上 21. keep a diary 写日记 22. spoken English 英语口语 23. learn from 向……学习 24. find out 查明 25. write down 写下；记下 26. instead of 代替；而不是 27. make mistakes 犯错误 28. mind maps 思维导图 考点1. by adv.经过；通过 【教材原句】—How do you study for a test? 你是怎样准备考试的? —I study by working with a group. 我通过和小组成员合作学习。 【句型剖析】how引导特殊疑问句，常用来提问by引导的方式状语。 【用法详解】by作介词，意为“通过”，表示方式或方法。 【拓展】 by the way 顺便说一下； by accident 偶然；意外地； by chance 偶然；意外地； by mistake 错误地；由于差错； 【经典练】 1．—_________ did you achieve your dream?   —By working hard. A．When B．Why C．How D．What 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你是如何实现梦想的？——通过努力工作。考查特殊疑问句。when什么时候；why为什么；how如何；what什么。根据“By working hard”可知此处是询问如何实现梦想，疑问词用how。故选C。 2．We can protect the environment _________ putting the waste to good use. A．of B．by C．for D．at 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们可以通过把垃圾再利用来保护环境。考查介词辨析。of……的；by通过；for为了；at在。根据“putting the waste to good use.”可知此处指通过某种方法，用介词by。故选B。 【写作佳句】 We should save electricity by turning off the fans, computers and lights in time when we leave the classroom. 我们离开教室时要关闭风扇、电脑和灯以节约用电。 考点2. ask 2. ask (sb.) for help 向（某人）寻求帮助 【用法详解】ask（sb.）for help 意为“向（某人）寻求帮助” Eg.Never be afraid to ask others for help when you are in trouble.遇到困难时，不要害怕向他人求助。 【拓展延伸】ask的用法： 【经典练】 1．—What did you _______ just now? —I _______ you whether you could catch me or not. A．tell; said B．speak; talked C．talk; told D．say; asked 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你刚才说什么？——我问你能不能听清楚。考查动词辨析。tell告诉；say说，后加具体内容；speak说，后加语言；talk谈话；ask问。根据“What did you...”可知此处询问对方具体说的内容，用动词say；根据“you whether you could catch me or not”可知此处是询问对方是否能听清楚，用ask。故选D。 2．—Oh, today’s homework is too difficult. —Please ________ the teacher for help. A．find B．spell C．ask 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——噢，今天的作业太难了。——请向老师寻求帮助。考查动词辨析。find找到；spell拼写；ask问。根据“the teacher for help”可知此处应用动词短语ask sb for help表示“向某人求助”。故选C。 考点3.aloud adv.大声地；出声地 3. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation? 大声朗读练习发音怎么样？ aloud adv 意为“大声地，出声地”；强调出声、大声，让人听见，常与shout,cry,read连用 loud adj 意为“喧闹的；大声的”，在句中作表语或定语 adv 意为“喧闹地；大声地”与speak, tall, laugh等连用(多用于比较级) speak louder loudly adv 与loud同义,含有“吵闹”或“嘈杂”之意，有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思 【经典练】 1．Could you answer my question ________? I can’t hear you. A．quietly B．carefully C．aloud D．hardly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你可以大声回答我的问题吗？我听不到你说话。 考查副词辨析。quietly安静地；carefully仔细地；aloud大声地；hardly几乎不。根据“I can’t hear you.”可知，说话者要求声音大点。故选C。 【写作佳句】The teacher asked him to read the poem aloud so that everyone could hear him.老师让他大声朗读这首诗，以便每个人都能听到。 考点4. too...to太……而不能 【教材原句】It's too hard to understand spoken English. 【句型剖析】“too + 形容词/副词 + to + 动词原形”结构，意为“太……而不能……”，该句型用于肯定句，但表示否定的意义。 【拓展】 同义句：too…to=not …enough to do sth.=so…that； 【经典练】 1．Allen was ________ a new flat. A．enough poor to buy B．poor enough to buy C．too poor to buy D．so poor to buy 【答案】C 【详解】句意：艾伦太穷了，买不起新公寓。考查形容词短语。adj.+enough+to do sth表示“足够……做某事”，too+adj.+to do sth表示“太……不能做某事”，结合句意可知，艾伦太穷了，买不起新公寓，too+adj.+to do sth符合题意。故选C。 2．The little girl is ______ cute ______ everyone likes her. A．such; that B．too; to C．so; that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个小女孩很可爱以致于每个人都喜欢她。考查so…that引导结果状语从句。such…that如此……以至于，such后接名词；so…that如此……以至于，so后接形容词/副词；too…to太……而不能，to后接动词原形。根据“cute”为形容词以及“everyone likes her”为从句可知，so…that符合题意。故选C。 3．—Shall we have the meeting in the meeting room? —I’m afraid it is ________ small to hold all the students in Grade 8. A．too B．so C．very 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们在会议室开会好吗？——恐怕它太小了，容纳不了八年级的所有学生。考查副词辨析。too太；so如此；very非常。根据“I’m afraid it is ... small to hold all the students in Grade 8.”可知，会议室太小了而不能容纳八年级的所有学生，考查“too...to...”结构，意思为“太……而不能”。故选A。 【写作佳句】 It’s never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 考点 5. a little 一点 【教材原句】 Annie, I’m a little nervous. 安妮，我有点儿紧张。 【句型剖析】a little 可直接修饰不可数名词。 【辨析比较】 few、little、a few、a little区别： few 和 a few 修饰可数名词，后接名词复数形式，little 和 a little 后接不可数名词。含义都是少量的意思。a little,一点，用于不可数名词之前，修饰不可数名词。little,几乎没有（否定意义），用于不可数名词之前，修饰不可数名词。 【经典练】 1．Would you please open the window? There seems to be only ________ fresh air in the classroom. A．few B．a few C．little D．a little 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你可以打开窗户吗？教室里几乎没有新鲜空气。考查代词辨析。few几乎没有，表示否定，后接可数名词复数形式；a few有一点，表示肯定，后接可数名词复数形式；little几乎没有，表示否定，后接不可数名词；a little有一点，表示肯定，后接不可数名词。空后“fresh air”是不可数名词，根据“Would you please open the window?”可知，教室里几乎没有新鲜空气。故选C。 2．There is ________ milk in the fridge. so we’ll go to the supermarket and buy some. A．few B．a few C．little D．a little 【答案】C 【详解】句意：冰箱里几乎没有牛奶，所以我们将去超市买一些。考查代词用法。few少量，表否定，修饰可数名词；a few几个，修饰可数名词；little少量，表否定。修饰不可数名词；a little几个，修饰不可数名词。根据“so we’ll go to the supermarket and buy some.”可知，冰箱里几乎没有牛奶了，所以才要去买。milk为不可数名词，表否定，需用little。故选C。 【写作佳句】 I felt a little tired but I was happy. 我感到有一点累但是我很开心。 考点6. sound响；发声;听起来； 【教材原句】 That doesn't sound too bad. 【句型剖析】 sound用作连系动词，“听起来”，其后常跟形容词。 【拓展】 英语中常用的连系动词： 一是（be），一感（feel），三保持（keep\remain\stay）， 二： ……起来：有四个连系动词（sound, look, smell, taste）， 三： 好像（seem），变了：有三个连系动词（ get, turn, become）。 四：prove come true go hungry 【经典练】 1．—Why don’t you talk to your parents? —________. A．I want not to talk to them B．Thank you C．Sounds good D．It doesn’t matter 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你为什么不和你的父母谈谈？——听起来不错。考查情景交际。I want not to talk to them我不想和他们说话；Thank you谢谢；Sounds good听起来不错；It doesn’t matter没关系。根据“Why don’t you talk to your parents?”可知，此处回答建议的。故选C。 2．—I will take a trip to Xitang Ancient Water Town in Jiaxing next week. —That ________ wonderful! I hope you’ll enjoy yourself! A．sounds B．smells C．looks 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——下星期我要去嘉兴的西塘古镇旅游。——听起来太棒了！我希望你玩得开心！考查动词辨析。sounds听起来；smells闻到；looks看。根据语境可知，告知对方自己下周要去嘉兴的西塘古镇旅游，听到这个消息，对方表示希望玩得开心，可推测此处是听起来太棒了，sounds“听起来”符合语境。故选A。 【写作佳句】 That really sounds fantastic to me. I just can’t wait. 那听起来太吸引我了，我等不及了。 考点7. the+比较级，the+比较级 越……越…… 【教材原句】The more you read, the faster you'll be. 【经典练】 1．________ you study, ________ your parents are. A．The hardly, the happily B．The harder, the happier C．Harder, happier D．The more hardly, the more happily 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你学习越努力，你的父母就越开心。考查词汇辨析和比较级。hardly几乎不，副词；harder更努力地，副词；happily高兴地，副词，比较级是more happily；happier更高兴的，形容词。“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……就越……” ，第一个空修饰动词study用副词harder；第二个空是形容词作表语。故选B。 2．The ________ you study, the ________ grades you will get. A．harder; good B．harder; well C．harder; better D．hard; better 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你越努力学习，你取得的成绩就越好。考查形容词的比较级。分析句子结构可知，此处为“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……，越……”，前后都用比较级。故选C。 【写作佳句】 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越细心，犯错就越少。 考点8. find + it +adj. +to do sth. 【教材原句】Why did Wei Fan find it difficult to learn English? 【句型剖析】 “find + it +adj. +to do sth.”“发现做某事…” 【拓展】 it作形式宾语的句式： 1.主语+think+形式宾语it+形容词/名词+to do sth. 2.主语+believe+形式宾语it+形容词/名词+to do sth. 3. 主语+make+形式宾语it+形容词/名词+to do sth. 4.主语+find+形式宾语it+形容词/名词+to do sth. 5. 主语+consider+形式宾语it+形容词/名词+to do sth. 【经典练】 1．— It’s so kind ________ you to help me with the problem. — That’s OK. It’s necessary ________ us to help each other. A．of; for B．of; of C．for; of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你帮我解决难题真是太好了。——没关系。我们有必要互相帮助。 考查it固定句型。It’s + adj. +of (for) sb to do sth表示“对某人来说做某事是……”。当形容词是描述人的性格或品质的，用of；若形容词仅是描述事物的性质，应用for。第一句kind描述人的品质，应用of；第二句necessary修饰事物，应用for。故选A。 2．—It was brave ________ Mike to swim in the river alone. —But I think it really dangerous ________ him to do so. A．of; for B．of; of C．for; of D．for; for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——迈克很勇敢，一个人在河里游泳。——但我认为他这样做真的很危险。 考查介词辨析。of……的；for对于。本题是It固定句型：It is+形容词+for/of sb.+to do sth.”意为“对某人来说做某事怎么样”。 当形容词常与事物的特征有关，用for。当形容词常与人的性格特点有关，用of。第一空前的形容词brave描述人的品质，故其后用介词of；第二空前的形容词dangerous与事物特指有关，故其后用介词for。故选A。 【写作佳句】 As many of their parents leave for the city to work, those students might feel lonely and some may even find it hard to go on studying. 由于很多父母都去城市工作，这些学生可能会感到孤独，有些人甚至觉得很难继续学习。 考点9. afraid adj.害怕的; 担心的; 顾忌的 【教材原句】I was afraid to ask questions because my pronunciation was very bad. 【句型剖析】 be afraid to do sth. 意为“害怕做某事” 【拓展】 be afraid of sb/ sth. “害怕某人/某物”。Are you afraid of snake? 你怕蛇吗？ I am afraid that 从句. “担心…”。 I'm afraid意为“恐怕”，主要用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。 例如：I'm afraid I can't stay.恐怕我不能留下。 【经典练】 1.The little girl is ________ to go out alone at night. It’s too dark. A．afraid B．excited C．tired D．angry 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这小女孩害怕晚上一个人出去。太黑了。考查形容词辨析。afraid害怕的；excited感到兴奋的；tired累的；angry生气的。根据“It’s too dark.”可知，太黑了，所以是害怕出去。故选A。 【写作佳句】 I used to be a shy girl who was afraid of speaking in front of the people. 我过去是一个害羞的女孩，害怕在人前讲话。 考点10. the secret to 【教材原句】What is the secret to language learning? 【句型剖析】the secret to … “…的秘诀” 其中to 为介词, 表示所属，意为“…的….”。例如：That is the secret to learning English well .她的年龄对我们大家来说是个秘密。 【拓展】 in secret 偷偷地, 暗地里 He has left the country in secret. 他已秘密出国。 keep sth. a secret from = keep a / the secret from 对…保守秘密 例如：I can keep nothing a secret from you. 我对你没有保密的事。 【经典练】 1.Sam likes keeping the secrets to ________, even his best friends don’t know them. A．himself B．itself C．themselves D．yourselves 【答案】A 【详解】句意：山姆喜欢保守秘密，连他最好的朋友都不知道。考查反身代词。himself他自己；itself它自己；themselves他们自己；yourselves你们自己。keep...to oneself“保守秘密”，动词短语。根据句子主语“Sam”可知，oneself对应“himself”。故选A。 考点11. it作形式主语 【教材原句】It takes time. 这得花时间。 【句型剖析】 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 意思是“花了某人多长时间去做某事”。在这里，it是形式主语，指代后面的动词不定式，动词不定式才是真正的主语。 【拓展】 It做形式主语常见类型 （1）It + be + 名词/形容词+ 动名词 这类名词和形容词常常是： good, no good, no use, a waste of, useless, senseless等 It’s a waste of time arguing with her any more. （2）It + be + 形容词(+ for sb.) + to do 这类句型常用形容词easy, difficult, hard, important, possible ,wise,useful.useless 等作表语，有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加for sb It’s necessary for the young to master two foreign languages. （3）It + be + 形容词（+ of sb.） + to do 这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词，如： kind, nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate 等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。 It’s very kind of you to help me with the work.=You are kind to help me. 【经典练】 1．Tokyo is getting ________ crowded ________ people can get paid if they choose to leave the city. A．enough; to B．so; that C．such; that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：东京正变得如此拥挤，以至于如果人们选择离开这座城市，他们可以得到报酬。考查结果状语从句。enough...to足够……；so...that...如此……以至于；such...that...如此……以至于。分析句子，可知是主从复合句，空后是形容词，应用so...that...引导结果状语从句。故选B。 【写作佳句】 It is a Chinese tradition that we have kept for thousands of years. 这是我们中国流传了几千年的传统。 考点12. so that 【教材原句】I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movies. 【句型剖析】 so that引导的是目的状语从句，意思是“为了，目的是”。 Tom gets up early so that he can catch the first bus every day. 汤姆每天早起是为了能赶上第一班公共汽车 而so … that…. “如此……以至于” The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time. 老师讲得如此快以至于大部分时间我都听不懂她讲什么。 so……that……引导结果状语从句，意思是“如此……以至于……”,其中so是副词，与形容词或副词连用，即“so+形容词或副词+that从句”。 【辨析比较】 1、so....that，意为“如此……以至于……＂，so用来修饰形容词或副词。 2、such……that，意为“如此……以至于……”，such用来修饰名词。 3、so that，意为“为的是，以便于”，用来引导目的状语从句。 例如：She was so angry that she couldn't speak.（她太生气了，以至于说不出来话了。） It was such a boring speech that i feel asleep.（那是一个如此无聊的演讲，以至于我都睡着了。） I read more books so that i can catch up with my classmates.（我读更多的书，以便能赶上我的同学。） 【经典练】 1．Experts say junior school students should have 9 hours’ sleeping time _________ they can have enough energy (精力) to have classes the next day. A．so that B．until C．although 【答案】A 【详解】句意：专家说初中生应该有九个小时的睡眠时间，以便于第二天他们有足够的精力上课。考查连词辨析。so that以便于；until直到；although尽管。分析题干可知，“they can have enough energy (精力) to have classes the next day（第二天他们有足够的精力上课）”是“junior school students should have 9 hours’ sleeping time（初中生应该有九个小时的睡眠时间）”的目的，因此应用“so that”引导目的状语从句。故选A。 【写作佳句】 we can watch more English movies, so that we can understand the western culture. 我们可以多看英文电影，以便于我们能理解西方文化。 考点13. be interested in 【教材原句】Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active……研究表明，如果你对某种东西感兴趣，你的大脑会更加活跃…… 【句型剖析】 be/get/become interested in sth. 意思是“对……感兴趣”,它与take/have/show an interest in sth. 同义。 【辨析】 bored、interested、boring、interesting bored和interested是人作主语，表现为主动；boring和interesting是物作主语，不表现出主动。 比如：I am interested in running 我酷爱跑步 the dog is interesting 这只狗很有趣 【经典练】 1．— Neither Rachel nor I ________ interested in game shows. We both like talk shows. — Me, too. A．be B．am C．is D．are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——Rachel和我都对游戏节目不感兴趣。我们都喜欢脱口秀。——我也是。 考查主谓一致。根据“Neither Rachel nor I”可知，neither ... nor连接的并列主语，谓语遵循“就近”原则，就近的主语是I，be用am。故选B。 2．My sister became interested ________ singing and she wanted to be a singer. A．for B．on C．at D．in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我妹妹对唱歌很感兴趣，她想成为一名歌手。 考查介词辨析。for为了；on在……上；at在……点时；in在……里；根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“对……感兴趣”，英语是be interested in，所以这里应该用介词in，故选D。 【写作佳句】 I'm glad to hear that you are interested in our environment protection activities. 很高兴听说你对环境保护活动感兴趣。 考点14. as well 也 【教材原句】My pronunciation improved as well by listening to the conversations in English movies. 【句型剖析】 as well 也；又（通常放句尾） I sing my own songs and I play the guitar as well 我唱自己谱曲的歌，也弹吉他。 【辨析】 also, too, as well, either 这些词均含“也”之意。 also比too正式一些，语气较重，只用于肯定句，一般紧靠动词。 too语气较轻，多用于口语，在肯定句中使用，通常位于句末。 之前加逗号。 as well一般不用否定句，通常放在句末，强调时可放在句中。 either用于否定句，放在句末，之前加逗号。 【经典练】 1．—I’m planning to climb Mount Huang this summer. Would you like to come along? —Wow! That would be exciting ________ challenging. Count me in! A．as good as B．as well as C．as long as D．as far as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我计划今年夏天去爬黄山。你愿意和我一起去吗？——哇！那会很刺激，也很有挑战性。算我一个！考查连词辨析。as good as和……一样好；as well as也；as long as只要；as far as就……而言。根据“exciting...challenging”可知，此处是指爬黄山刺激，也有挑战性，故选B。 2．—I can’t play basketball because I have much homework to do. —Oh. Li Jian can’t, ________. A．also B．too C．either D．as well 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我不能打篮球，因为我有很多作业要做。——哦。李健也不行。考查副词辨析。also也，放在句中；too也，用于肯定句，放在句末，用逗号隔开；either也，用于否定句，放在句末；as well也，放在句末，不加逗号。根据“Li Jian can’t…”可知，该句为否定句，所以用either，故选C。 考点15. discover v. 发现 【教材原句】I discovered that listening to something you are interested in is the secret to language learning. 【句型剖析】discover是指“发现”原来就有而一直没被发现的东西(如电、煤、石油等矿藏及新星、星系或科学真理等) 而 invent 指通过劳动运用聪明才智“发明；创造”出以前从未存在过的新事物。 Edison invented the light bulb.爱迪生发明了电灯泡。 【辨析】 look for, discover, find, find out, invent 这组词（组）都有“发明”“发现”的意思， （1）look for 作“寻找”解时，指寻找的动作和过程。 （2）discover 指发现或偶然发现原来就存在但一直未被认识的东西。 （3）find 指寻找的结果，即“找到”，是非延续性动词，不如discover正式。 （4）find out 指经过观察、调查把某事、某物查出来，搞清楚，弄明白，多用于复杂而不易直接查出的情况。 （5）invent 指发明原来不存在的东西，有时也可指虚构、捏造。 【经典练】 1．—Can you ________ your new English teacher? —Sure. She is tall and thin, and she looks beautiful when she smiles. A．discover B．remember C．describe 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能描述一下你的新英语老师吗？——当然。她又高又瘦，笑起来很漂亮。考查动词辨析。discover发现；remember记得；describe描述。根据“She is tall and thin,and she looks beautiful when she smiles.”可知她又高又瘦，笑起来很漂亮，是在描述长相。故选C。 2．—I know Edison ________ light bulbs (电灯泡), but I don’t know who ________ America. —I know it was Columbus. A．discovered; discovered B．invented; invented C．invented; discovered D．discovered; invented 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我知道爱迪生发明了灯泡，但我不知道是谁发现了美国。——我知道是哥伦布。考查动词辨析。discover发现，东西本身存在；invent发明，动词本身不存在。根据“light bulbs”可知是发明了灯泡，灯泡原先不存在，用invent；根据“America”可知是发现了美国，美国本身存在，用discover。故选C。 考点16. born 出生 【教材原句】1.Everyone is born with the ability to learn. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. 【句型剖析】be born 意为“天生，出生”为被动语态，be 动词通常用was 或were，born 为bear 的过去式。 I was born in a small village. 我出生在一个小山村。 【经典练】 1．Peter was ________ /bɔːn/ with the ability to sing. A．boil B．boss C．born D．bell 【答案】C 【详解】句意：彼得天生会唱歌。考查单词的读音。boil/bɔɪl/，沸点，名词；boss/bɒs/，老板，名词；born/bɔːn/，天生的，形容词；bell/bel/，钟(声)，名词。根据音标和“Peter was...with the ability to sing.”可知，was后需填形容词，形容词born的发音为/bɔːn/，与题干音标相符，且be born with表示“与生俱来，天生具有……” 。故选C。 2．Tom ________ on May 2nd and today is his seventh birthday. A．is born B．was born C．will be born 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Tom出生在五月二日，今天是他的七周岁生日。考查时态。is born出生，用于一般现在时；was born出生，用于一般过去时；will be born将出生，用于一般将来时。根据“today is his seventh birthday”可知，“出生”在“今天”之前，所以用一般过去时。故选B。 【写作佳句】 No man is born wise or learned. 人非生而知之。 考点17. ability n.能力 【教材原句】1.Everyone is born with the ability to learn. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. 【句型剖析】ability 在此处为不可数名词，意为“能力”常构成短语 have the ability to do sth. ( 有能力做某事)， 而不用“have the ability of doing sth”结构。 Man has the ability to speak. 人类有说话的能力。 【辨析】 ability，capacity，capability，genius这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。区别： 1、ability普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。 2、capacity侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。 3、capability多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与of或for连用。 4、genius语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。 【经典练】 1．—What can I do to improve my ________ of English writing? —You can read some famous English novels. A．pronunciation B．mistake C．ability D．secret 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我做什么才能提高我的英语写作能力？ ——你可以读一些著名的英文小说。考查名词辨析。pronunciation发音；mistake错误；ability能力；secret秘密。根据“improve my ... of English writing” 可知，是指提高写作能力。故选C。 2．Be more active in class so that you can improve your _______ to express yourselves. A．interest B．energy C．ability D．hobby 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在课堂上更加活跃，这样你就能提高表达自己的能力。考查名词辨析。interest兴趣；energy精力；ability能力；hobby爱好。根据“improve your...to express yourselves”可知是提高表达自己的能力。故选C。 【写作佳句】 Ability will never catch up with the demand for it. 能力永远赶不上对它的需求。 考点18. whether 是否 【教材原句】1.Everyone is born with the ability to learn. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. 【句型剖析】whether or not 意为“是否”, whether引导主语从句，不能与if 替换。 whether she will come or not is still a problem. 她是否会来还是个问题。 【辨析】 if和whether辨析 1、if和whether在宾语从句中，都表“是否”，可换用，if更口语化，whether正式些。当有or not时，一般用whether，而不用if。 2、if可引起条件状语从句，whether不用于状语从句。 3、whether可引起主语从句，表语从句，if不能用于这两种情况。 4、if在名词性从句中只能引导动词后的宾语，whether可通用。 【经典练】 1．The teacher wonders ________ the question is too hard because no student answers. A．why B．whether C．what D．how 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师想知道这个问题是否太难了，因为没有学生回答。 考查连词辨析。why为什么；whether是否；what什么；how如何。根据“wonders...the question is too hard because no student answers.”可知没有学生回答这个问题，所以老师想知道问题是否太难了，故选B。 2．Before you ask someone for help, find out _________ he is the right person for your problem. A．since B．who C．whether D．unless 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在你向别人寻求帮助之前，先弄清楚他是否适合解决你的问题。 考查宾语从句。since自从，连词；who谁，代词；whether是否，连词；unless除非，连词。此处位于动词短语find out后，引导宾语从句，排除AD两项。分析句子结构，宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，因此用whether引导，故选C。 【写作佳句】 Whether it is hot or cold, we never stop playing it. 无论天气热还是冷，我们从来不停止。 考点19. depend on 依靠、信赖 【教材原句】1.Everyone is born with the ability to learn. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. 【句型剖析】depend on 意为“ 视……而定，取决于；依靠；依赖 ”。后接名词，代词或动名词。既不能用于进行时态也不能用于被动语态。 We depend on the newspaper for daily news.我们得靠报纸得知每天的消息。 【辨析】 depend on、rely on、rest on 1、depend on：用于客观事物：Some of them depend on what your program does. 其中一些取决于您的程序要做什么。 2、rely on： rely on用于虚指事物：Therefore, we are not to rely on feelings, but to have faith in the facts. 因此，我们不能依靠我们的感觉，而是要将信心建立在事实上。 3、rest on：用于行为：You should have a rest on weekends. 你应该在周末休息一下的。 【经典练】 1．Angel Thomas wants to ________ herself to make her own dream come true. A．look for B．enjoy C．look after D．depend on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Angel Thomas想要靠自己，使自己的梦想实现。考查动词短语。look for“寻找”；enjoy“喜欢、享受”；look after“照顾、照料”；depend on“依靠、依赖”。根据“Angel Thomas wants to ... herself to make her own dream come true.”可知，此处是“依靠自己来实现梦想”。故选D。 2．We can depend ________ computers to calculate the result. A．in B．on C．of D．at 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们可以依靠计算机来计算结果。考查介词辨析。in在……里面；on在……上面；of……的；at在。此处是短语depend on“依靠，依赖”，故选B。 考点20. active adj, “活跃的，积极的” 【教材原句】Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. 【句型剖析】active adj, “活跃的，积极的”，可作表语或定语。 常用短语：take an active part in，意为“积极参加” Although he is over 80, he is still very active.他虽然年过八十，但是仍很活跃。 【经典练】 1．If we are interested in something, our brain is a lot ________ and it is also easier for us to pay attention to it for a long time. A．active B．actively C．more active D．the most active 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果我们对某件事感兴趣，我们的大脑会更加活跃，并且长时间关注它对于我们来说也是更容易的。考查形容词比较级。active活跃的，形容词；actively积极地，副词；more active形容词比较级；the most active最高级。根据“...and it is also easier ”可知，is后需填形容词比较级，more active为形容词比较级。故选C。 2．Your advice is very valuable to me. I’m sure our ______ will be more meaningful. A．actively B．active C．activity 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你的建议对我很有价值。我确信我们的活动会更有意义。 考查名词用法。actively积极地，副词；active积极的，形容词；activity活动，名词。根据“our”可知，形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故选C。 【写作佳句】 I made up my mind to be active and outgoing. 我决定变得积极和外向。 考点21. pay attention to注意，关注 【教材原句】Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. 【句型剖析】pay attention to 意为“注意，关注”，其中to 为介词，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。You’d better pay attention to this word in the English exam last time. 你最好注意一下上次英语考试中的这个单词。 【经典练】 1．—What else should we pay attention to _________ building the bridge? —The changes of the weather, I think. A．to finish B．finished C．finish D．finishing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——在完成这座桥的建造时，我们还应该注意什么？——我想是天气的变化。 考查非谓语动词。特殊疑问句中“what else”作pay attention to的宾语；后面接to do不定式作目的状语，表示为了结束修建这座桥，我们还需要注意什么。故选A。 2．—My English is poor. I want to improve it. Could you give me some advice? —Sure. You must ________ your teacher carefully in class. A.pay attention to listening to B．pay attention to listen to C．pay attention to listening D．pay attention to listen 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我的英语很差。我想改进它。你能给我一些建议吗？——当然。在课堂上你必须认真听老师讲课。考查动名词。pay attention to doing sth.表示“认真做某事”，此处用listening，listen是不及物动词，后接to才能接宾语。故选A。 【写作佳句】 We should pay attention to the reasonable diet and health care. 我们应该注意饮食和健康。 考点22. connect…with…把……和……联系起来 【教材原句】Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something they are interested in. 【句型剖析】connect…with…意为“ 把……和……联系起来” 其中connect意为“（使）连接；与……有联系”，其名词形式为connection，意为“连接；关系”。 Please don’t connect this person with that person. 请不要把这个人和那个人联系在一起。 【经典练】 1．A new underground ________ Jiangyin with Wuxi has been in use for several months. A．comparing B．charging C．connecting D．covering 【答案】C 【详解】句意：连接江阴和无锡的新地铁已经投入使用了几个月。考查动词辨析。comparing比较；charging充电；connecting连接；covering覆盖。根据“A new underground...Jiangyin with Wuxi has been in use for several months.”可知，是连接江阴和无锡的新地铁，故选C。 2．Please________ the computer to the printer. A．connect B．write C．print D．open 【答案】A 【详解】句意：请把电脑连接到打印机。考查动词辨析。connect连接；write写；print打印；open打开。根据“the computer to the printer.”可知，此处表达把电脑连接到打印机，connect A to B“把A与B连接起来”，故选A。 考点23. forget 忘记 【教材原句】 Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it. 【句型剖析】 forget 后直接跟名词、代词、动词不定式或动词-ing 形式，但两者意义完全不同。 forget to do sth. 和 forget doing sth. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 I forget turning off the light. 我忘记已经关灯了。 【经典练】 1．—Please give the book back to me. —Oh, I am sorry. I ________ to bring it here. I ________ it at home. A．forget; forget B．forgot; left C．forgot; forget D．will forget; leave 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——请把那本书还给我。——哦，对不起。我忘了把它带这里。我把它落在家里了。考查动词和时态。forget忘记；leave遗留，落下。根据“I am sorry.”可知，此处表示我现在无法归还那本书，因此把它忘了带来，忘了带这本书应是发生在说话之前，是在过去，故第一个空用一般过去时，排除AD；把它落在家里用动词leave，故选B。 2．—I’m sorry I _______ my homework at home. —That’s all right. Don’t forget _______ it to school this afternoon. A．forget, to get B．forget, bringing C．left, talking D．left, to bring 【答案】D 【详解】句意：—— 对不起，我把作业忘在家里了。—— 没关系。今天下午别忘了把它带到学校来。考查动词辨析和非谓语动词的用法。forget忘记；leave留下；get得到；bring带来；talk谈论。根据“I’m sorry I…my homework at home.”可知，把家庭作业留在家里了，时态用一般过去时，因此“left”符合句意，排除AB；forget to do sth忘记去做某事，forget doing sth忘记做过某事，根据“Don’t forget…it to school this afternoon.”可知，是不要忘记把作业带到学校，因此“ to bring”符合句意。故选D。 【写作佳句】 Let's forget about the past and become good friends again. 让我们忘掉过去，重新成为朋友吧。 考点24. unless conj. 除非；如果不 【教材原句】 Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it. 【句型剖析】 unless conj. 除非；如果不，作连词，用来引导状语从句，常可以转化为“if...not...”的同义句。 若主句为一般将来时，unless引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来。 I shall go to the supermarket unless it rains.= I shall go to the supermarket if it doesn’t rain . 【经典练】 1．We can’t be successful ________ we keep working hard. A．if B．unless C．because D．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：除非我们继续努力，否则我们不会成功。 考查从属连词辨析。if如果；unless除非；because因为；when当……时候。由“We can’t be successful…we keep working hard”可知，空处所在句中后句是前句的否定条件，所以用unless引导条件状语从句。故选B。 2．Sophia’s dream won’t come true ________ she keeps trying her best. A．unless B．whether C．when D．because 【答案】A 【详解】句意：除非她继续努力，否则索菲亚不会实现她的梦想。 考查连词辨析。unless除非……，引导条件状语从句；whether是否，引导宾语从句；when当……时候，引导时间状语从句；because因为，引导原因状语从句。根据“Sophia’s dream won’t come true…she keeps trying her best.”可知，空格内的连词引导的是一个否定意义的条件状语从句。故选A。 一、语法精讲——by的用法 思维导图 “by+动词ing形式”表方式、方法 1、 语法概述 “by +动词ing形式”意为“通过做某事”，常常表示方式或方法，可以用来回答how引导的特殊疑问句。 二、【方式介词】by、in、on与with辨析 方式介词 用法 例句 by by+doing “以……方式” I improve my English by reading a lot. in 后常跟语言、材料、颜色、声音等名词 The boy likes writing in English. on 后跟表通讯工具的名词，如手机、网络、广播、电视等 We can watch all kinds of shows on TV. with 后面跟具体工具或身体部位名词 We see with our eyes and hear with our ears. 三、介词by的其他常见用法： 1. by + 地点，意为“靠近；在……旁边” Eg.Tom sits by the window in the classroom.汤姆坐在教室里的窗边。 1. by + 时间，意为“在……之前” Eg.Mom told him to come back home by 10:00.妈妈告诉他十点之前回到家。 2. by + 交通工具，意为“乘……” by bus/car/bike/train 3. 用于被动语态中，后面跟动作的执行者 4. by 介词，表示连续或反复,意为“(一个)接着(一个);”(一个)又(一个). one by one 一个接一个 little by little 一点一点 year by year 年复一年 step by step 一步一步 二、写作精讲——个人介绍 本单元的话题围绕学习英语的方法展开，中间涉及学习中遇到的具体困难，也描述了一个学生学习英语的亲身经历，谈论如何成为一名好的学习者。有关“学习能力”的话题写作主要包括介绍学习方法（如 语言学习）和拓宽学习渠道（如：食谱和DIY制作等）两方面，引导学生主动学习.培养良好的学习习惯，全面提升学生的综合素质。一般以说明又或应用文的形式展现。 体裁：应用文(书信)；信的主体部分为说明文 时态：以一般现在时为主 人称：回信主体内容是给别人提出建议，所以应该以第二人称you为主。 2. 佳句荟萃 1.描述学习中存在的问题或困惑的常用句型 I have a problem. I can’t remember the new words. I can’t pronounce some of the words. I can’t understand spoken English. I always make mistakes in grammar. I read very slowly. I don’t know how to speak English well. 2.提出学习上合理的建议的常用句型 You should read English aloud. Listening can help you. Why don’t you join an English language club to practice speaking. Would you mind remembering new words by flashcards? Please try to talk with your friends in English as much as possible. You can / could ... by doing ... / You’d better do sth. Doing sth. is a good way to ... /It's a good idea/way to... 3.写作指导 思路点拨 体裁: 应用文 人称: 第二人称 时态: 一般现在时和一般将来时 写作三步法（一点二提三收） 第1步 开篇点题 I know you want to improve your English and you need some help. There are three good ways to learn English. 第2步 介绍方法 I think you should... if you do this, your brain will... It is also a good idea to... because... You could try to improve your English by... This will help you... 第3步 总结收尾 I hope all these will be helpful to you. 1. I’d like to give you some advice on learning English. 我想给你一些学习英语的建议。 2. It’s difficult to learn a foreign language well. 学好一门外语很难。 3. It’s hard for me to write the word. 对我来说写这个词很难。 4. You can learn English by watching English videos. 你可以通过看英语视频来学习英语。 5. You should talk in English as much as possible. 你应该尽可能多地用英语交谈。 6. Why not look up these words in the dictionary? 为什么不查字典？ 7. It is a good idea to listen to some English songs. 听一些英文歌曲是个好主意。 8. Many students ask for advice on how to improve their listening. 许多学生寻求关于如何提高听力的建议。 9. Don't be afraid of making mistakes. 不要害怕犯错误。 10. Try to guess a word’s meaning by reading the sentences before and after it. 通过阅读单词前后的句子来猜测单词的意思。 11. Why not write down the mistakes in our notebooks? 为什么不把错误写在笔记本上？ 12. How about listening to the radio? 听收音机怎么样？ 13. It’s a good idea to spell and pronounce new words aloud every day. 每天大声拼写和发音生词是个好主意。 14. I am shy and I am afraid to speak to her. 我很害羞，不敢和她说话。 列提纲 写句子 看英语电影、听英语歌曲 (1)Watching / Seeing English films / movies and listening to English songs are good / great ways to learn / study English或To watch / To see English films / movies and to listen to English songs are good / great ways to learn / study English(看英语电影和听英语歌曲是学习英语的好方法). (2)Watch / See and listen several times, and guess the meaning of the new words_ (多看、多听几次，然后猜测生词的意思). 学好英语的建议 与外教交谈 (3) Having / To have a conversation with a foreign teacher is also a good / great way或Speaking / To speak English with a foreign teacher is also a good / great way (与外教交谈也是一个好方法).  (4)You should start / begin it with greetings or a question(你应该以问候或问题开始).  Also, smile before you speak and do not feel shy. 把单词写在纸条上 (5)Write four or five words a day on pieces of paper(每天在纸上写四到五个单词) and place them on the wall. Read the words when you see them, and try to use them in sentences. Dear Wang Wei, I received your e-mail yesterday. In the e-mail, you asked me how to improve your English. Now I'd like to give you some advice. First, watching English films and listening to English songs are great ways to learn English. Watch and listen several times, and guess the meaning of the new words. Second, having a conversation with a foreign teacher is also a good way. You should start it with greetings or a question. Also, smile before you speak and do not feel shy. Last, write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place them on the wall. Read the words when you see them, and try to use them in sentences. These are my suggestions. I hope they are useful to you. Yours, Zhang Hua 【短语小结】 1.Work with a group同小组一起学习 2.asking sb for help向某人求助 3.taking notes,记笔记 4.have conversations with sb同某人谈话 5.too...to..太...而不能...---so…that…/ enough to do sth 的转换 6.give a report作报告 7.at first起初 8.word by word逐词逐句地 9.the secret to language learning 学习语言的秘诀 10.be afraid to do sth害怕做某事=be afraid that+宾语从句 be afraid of sth / doing sth 害怕… 11.fall in love with爱上... 12.body language肢体语言 13.a piece of cake小菜一碟；很容易的事 14.It serves you right.活该，自作自受 15.look up查阅；查找（主考点） 16.so that以便；为了 17.spoken English英语口语 18.make mistakes in doing sth 在...方面犯错 19.depend on视...而定；取决于；依靠 20.pay attention to注意；关注 21.connect...with... 把...和...连接或联系起来 22.even if 即使 23.be born with 天生具有 24.Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧 【重点句子必背】 1.The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time. 老师讲的如此快以致大部分时间我都理解不了她讲的。（so…that…引导的结果状语从句） 2. Although I could not understand everything the characters said, their body language and the expressions on their faces helped me to get the meaning. 虽然我不能领会影片中人物所说的一切，但是他们的肢体语言和脸上的表情有助于我理解含义。（although 引导的让步状语从句，不能和but连用） 3. I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movies. 为了对英语电影有更好的了解，我想学新单词和更多的语法。（so that引导的目的状语从句---in order to do 转换同义句） 4. Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. 研究表明如果你对某事物感兴趣，你的大脑就更活跃，也更容易长久地专注于此。 （It is +形容词+for sb to do sth.） 5. If they need to learn English and they like music or sports, they can listen to English songs or watch sports programs in English. 如果他们需要学习英语，而且他们喜欢音乐或者运动，他们就可以听英语歌曲，或者看英语的体育节目。 （if引导的条件状语从句，主情从现） 6. Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it. 即使你很好地学到了某些知识，你也会忘记它，除非你使用它。（even if 引导的让步状语从句；unless 引导的主将从现） 7. Learning is a lifelong journey because every day brings something new. 学习是一个终生的过程，因为每天都会出现新事物。（because引导的原因状语从句） 8. I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation. 由于语音不好的缘故，我害怕提问。 9. I fell in love with this exciting and funny movie. 我一下子就喜欢上了这部既令人激动又有趣的电影。（fall—fell ---fallen） 10. I also realized I could get the meaning by listening for just the key words. 我以为意识到可以通过只听关键词来理解含义。realized +宾语从句（by +动名词，划线提问用----How） 11. I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning. 我发现听感兴趣的东西是学习语言的秘诀。（动名词短语listening to…作主语谓语要用单数is） 12. Everyone is born with the ability to learn. 每个人生来就具有学习能力。（复合不定代词作主语谓语用单数形式） 13. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. 但是，学得好与否取决于你的学习习惯。（whether引导主语从句，谓语要用单数） 14. Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something interesting. 优秀的学习者经常会把他们需要学习的与有兴趣的东西联系起来。（connect + what引导的宾语从句，what既引导宾从，又作need的宾语） （宾语从句三注意：连词，时态加语序） 15. Good learners think about what they are good at and what they need to practice more. 优秀的学习者会思考他们擅长什么，他们需要更多的练习什么。（介词about+宾从，what既引导宾从，又作介词at和及物动词need的宾语） 16. Good learners will keep practicing what they have learned, and they are not afraid of making mistakes. 优秀的学习者会不断练习他们已经学过的东西，而且他们不怕犯错误。（keep doing sth, practice +宾从） 17. Everything that you learn becomes a part of you and changes you, so learn wisely and learn well. （that引导定语从句，修饰先行词everything， 复合不定代词作主语谓语用单数形式becomes） 【精讲精练】 要点1 by的用法 by doing sth. 通过做某事 此处by作介词，意为“通过”，表示方式或方法. by：① “在……的旁边”，表示位置，=near，beside 。 There is an old house by the lake. 在湖旁有一座老房子。 ② “从……的旁边经过路过”，表示移动方向。 An old friend passed by me without stopping.一位老朋友从我身边经过，没有停留。 ③ “不迟于，在……之前”， You must finish the work by Friday. ④ “ 通过，用”,表示方法手段。如： I learn English by listening to the radio. 我通过听收音机学英语。 ⑤ “被，由，受”，用于被动语态。如： The cake is eaten by the boy. 这块蛋糕被那个小男孩吃了。 by常连用的短语： by the way 顺便问一下 by accident= by chance 偶然地 by mistake 错误地 one by one 一个接一个 step by step 一步一步地 little by little 逐渐地 by the time 到……为止 by oneself 独自地 by hand 用手 by the end of 到….... 末尾 go/pass by 通过；经过 by and by 不久以后 【典例分析】 一、指出下列各句‘by’的用法 1.There is a house by the river. 【点拨】by介词，在旁边=beside，near 2.An old friend passed by me without stopping. 【点拨】by 介词。“从……的旁边经过路过” 3.You must finish this work by Friday 【点拨】by 介词。到。。。为止 4.I learn English by listening to the radio. 【点拨】by介词“ 通过，用” 5.The cake was eaten by that little boy 【点拨】by “被，由，受” 用于被动语态。 with用法归纳 (1)“用……”表示使用工具，手段等。 We can walk with our legs and feet. 我们用腿脚行走。 (2) “和……在一起”，表示伴随。例如： Can you go to a movie with me? 你能和我一起去看电影吗？ (3)“带有，具有”。例如： He’s a tall kid with short hair. 他是个长着一头短发的高个子小孩。 (4) “随着，与……同时”。例如： He came into the classroom with some books. 【典例分析】 1.He writes with a pencil. 【点拨】句意：他用铅笔写字。“用……”表示使用工具，手段等 2.He often goes to the library with Jenny. 【点拨】句意：他经常和珍妮去图书馆。“和……在一起”，表示伴随。 3.The girl with glasses is from UK. 【点拨】句意：那个戴眼镜的女孩来自英国。“带有，具有”。 4.With these words, he left the room. 【点拨】句意：说完这些话，他离开了房间。“随着，与……同时”。 5.President Xi said that people in the world should build a community _______ a shared future . A. to B. at C. with D. from 【点拨】C 句意：习主席说，世界人民应该要建设命运共同体。 介词by表方式的用法 1. 表示用某种交通方式。 We'd like to go to Japan by ship. 我们想乘船去日本。 2. 表示使用某种方法或手段。 We can improve our English by reading more. 我们可以通过更多地阅读来提高英语。 3. 表示使用某种媒介。 How did you send the letter, by airmail or by ordinary mail? 你怎么寄信的，空运还是普通运输？ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 How can we become good learners？ Unit1 话题 学习方法 词汇 单词过关： 1.教科书，课本 n. _______________ 2.谈话 n. _______________________ 3.大声地，出声地 adv. ______________ 4.大声的（地）adj&adv _____________ 5.大声地，吵闹地 adv. ______________ 6.发音 n. ________________________ 7.发音 v. _________________________ 8.句子 n. _________________________ 9.有耐心的 adj., 病人n. ______________ 10.表情，表达 n. ___________________ 11.表达 v. ___________________________ 12.发现 v. _______________________ 13.发现 n. _______________________ 14.秘密 n.，秘密的 adj. ___________ 15.语法 n. _______________________ 16.重复 v. _______________________ 17.笔记，记录 n., 注意，指出 v. ________18.朋友，伙伴 n. _________________ 19.物理 n. _______________________ 20.化学 n. _______________________ 21.记住 v. _______________________ 22.记忆 n. _______________________ 词汇变形： 1. pronounce (v. 发音) — (n. 发音；读音) 2. patient (adj. 有耐心的) — (n. 耐心) — (adv. 耐心地) 3.express (v.表达；表示) — (n. 表情；表达方式) 4. discover (v.发现；发觉) — (n.发现) 5. secret (adj. 秘密的) — (adv.秘密地) 6. physics (n. 物理；物理学) — (adj. 物理的；身体的) 7. chemistry (n. 化学) — (adj. 化学的) 8. memorize (v. 记忆；记住) — (n. 回忆) 9. ability (n. 能力) — (adj. 有能力的) 10. create(v. 创造；创建) — (adj. 有创造力的) — (n. 创造力) 11. connect（v. 与……有联系）— (n. 联系) 12. knowledge（n. 知识）— (adj. 知识渊博的) 13. wise（adj. 明智的）— (adv. 明智地；聪明地) 短语 1. 查阅；抬头看 2. 天生具有 3. 注意；关注 4. 把……和……连接 5. 大声朗读 6. 与……交谈 7. 造句 8. 对某人/某事有耐心 9. 有耐心做某事 10. ……的秘诀 11. 记笔记 12. 练习做某事 13. 向某人寻求帮助 14. 作报告 15. 逐字逐句 16. 备考 17. 口语技能 18. 英语口语 19. 起初；开始 20. 爱上 21. 写日记 22. 英语口语 23. 向……学习 24. 查明 25. 写下；记下 26. 代替；而不是 27. 犯错误 28. 思维导图 句型 （1）---How do you study for a test? ---I study by working with a group. （2）Do you have conversations with friends in English? （3）What about listening to tapes? （4）Have you ever studied with a group? （5）It really improves my speaking skills. （6）It’s too hard to understand spoken English. （7） I have to finish reading a book and give a report next Monday. （8）Don’t read word by word. Read word groups. （9）Try to guess the word’s meaning by reading the sentences before and after it. （10）The more you read, the faster you’ll be. （11）The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time. （12）I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation. （13）I also learned useful sentences like “It’s a piece of cake” or “It serves you right”. （14）I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movies. （15）Everyone is born with the ability to learn. （16）Your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. （17）Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something they are interested in. （18）But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. （19）Knowledge comes from questioning. 语法 介词by+动名词用法 写作 学习方法 考点1. by adv.经过；通过 【教材原句】—How do you study for a test? 你是怎样准备考试的? —I study by working with a group. 我通过和小组成员合作学习。 【句型剖析】how引导特殊疑问句，常用来提问by引导的方式状语。 【用法详解】by作介词，意为“通过”，表示方式或方法。 【拓展】 by the way 顺便说一下； by accident 偶然；意外地； by chance 偶然；意外地； by mistake 错误地；由于差错； 【经典练】 1．—_________ did you achieve your dream?   —By working hard. A．When B．Why C．How D．What 2．We can protect the environment _________ putting the waste to good use. A．of B．by C．for D．at 【写作佳句】 We should save electricity by turning off the fans, computers and lights in time when we leave the classroom. 我们离开教室时要关闭风扇、电脑和灯以节约用电。 考点2. ask 2. ask (sb.) for help 向（某人）寻求帮助 【用法详解】ask（sb.）for help 意为“向（某人）寻求帮助” Eg.Never be afraid to ask others for help when you are in trouble.遇到困难时，不要害怕向他人求助。 【拓展延伸】ask的用法： 【经典练】 1．—What did you _______ just now? —I _______ you whether you could catch me or not. A．tell; said B．speak; talked C．talk; told D．say; asked 2．—Oh, today’s homework is too difficult. —Please ________ the teacher for help. A．find B．spell C．ask 考点3.aloud adv.大声地；出声地 3. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation? 大声朗读练习发音怎么样？ aloud adv 意为“大声地，出声地”；强调出声、大声，让人听见，常与shout,cry,read连用 loud adj 意为“喧闹的；大声的”，在句中作表语或定语 adv 意为“喧闹地；大声地”与speak, tall, laugh等连用(多用于比较级) speak louder loudly adv 与loud同义,含有“吵闹”或“嘈杂”之意，有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思 【经典练】 1．Could you answer my question ________? I can’t hear you. A．quietly B．carefully C．aloud D．hardly 【写作佳句】The teacher asked him to read the poem aloud so that everyone could hear him.老师让他大声朗读这首诗，以便每个人都能听到。 考点4. too...to太……而不能 【教材原句】It's too hard to understand spoken English. 【句型剖析】“too + 形容词/副词 + to + 动词原形”结构，意为“太……而不能……”，该句型用于肯定句，但表示否定的意义。 【拓展】 同义句：too…to=not …enough to do sth.=so…that； 【经典练】 1．Allen was ________ a new flat. A．enough poor to buy B．poor enough to buy C．too poor to buy D．so poor to buy 2．The little girl is ______ cute ______ everyone likes her. A．such; that B．too; to C．so; that 3．—Shall we have the meeting in the meeting room? —I’m afraid it is ________ small to hold all the students in Grade 8. A．too B．so C．very 【写作佳句】 It’s never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 考点 5. a little 一点 【教材原句】 Annie, I’m a little nervous. 安妮，我有点儿紧张。 【句型剖析】a little 可直接修饰不可数名词。 【辨析比较】 few、little、a few、a little区别： few 和 a few 修饰可数名词，后接名词复数形式，little 和 a little 后接不可数名词。含义都是少量的意思。a little,一点，用于不可数名词之前，修饰不可数名词。little,几乎没有（否定意义），用于不可数名词之前，修饰不可数名词。 【经典练】 1．Would you please open the window? There seems to be only ________ fresh air in the classroom. A．few B．a few C．little D．a little 2．There is ________ milk in the fridge. so we’ll go to the supermarket and buy some. A．few B．a few C．little D．a little 【写作佳句】 I felt a little tired but I was happy. 我感到有一点累但是我很开心。 考点6. sound响；发声;听起来； 【教材原句】 That doesn't sound too bad. 【句型剖析】 sound用作连系动词，“听起来”，其后常跟形容词。 【拓展】 英语中常用的连系动词： 一是（be），一感（feel），三保持（keep\remain\stay）， 二： ……起来：有四个连系动词（sound, look, smell, taste）， 三： 好像（seem），变了：有三个连系动词（ get, turn, become）。 四：prove come true go hungry 【经典练】 1．—Why don’t you talk to your parents? —________. A．I want not to talk to them B．Thank you C．Sounds good D．It doesn’t matter 2．—I will take a trip to Xitang Ancient Water Town in Jiaxing next week. —That ________ wonderful! I hope you’ll enjoy yourself! A．sounds B．smells C．looks 【写作佳句】 That really sounds fantastic to me. I just can’t wait. 那听起来太吸引我了，我等不及了。 考点7. the+比较级，the+比较级 越……越…… 【教材原句】The more you read, the faster you'll be. 【经典练】 1．________ you study, ________ your parents are. A．The hardly, the happily B．The harder, the happier C．Harder, happier D．The more hardly, the more happily 2．The ________ you study, the ________ grades you will get. A．harder; good B．harder; well C．harder; better D．hard; better 【写作佳句】 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越细心，犯错就越少。 考点8. find + it +adj. +to do sth. 【教材原句】Why did Wei Fan find it difficult to learn English? 【句型剖析】 “find + it +adj. +to do sth.”“发现做某事…” 【拓展】 it作形式宾语的句式： 1.主语+think+形式宾语it+形容词/名词+to do sth. 2.主语+believe+形式宾语it+形容词/名词+to do sth. 3. 主语+make+形式宾语it+形容词/名词+to do sth. 4.主语+find+形式宾语it+形容词/名词+to do sth. 5. 主语+consider+形式宾语it+形容词/名词+to do sth. 【经典练】 1．— It’s so kind ________ you to help me with the problem. — That’s OK. It’s necessary ________ us to help each other. A．of; for B．of; of C．for; of 2．—It was brave ________ Mike to swim in the river alone. —But I think it really dangerous ________ him to do so. A．of; for B．of; of C．for; of D．for; for 【写作佳句】 As many of their parents leave for the city to work, those students might feel lonely and some may even find it hard to go on studying. 由于很多父母都去城市工作，这些学生可能会感到孤独，有些人甚至觉得很难继续学习。 考点9. afraid adj.害怕的; 担心的; 顾忌的 【教材原句】I was afraid to ask questions because my pronunciation was very bad. 【句型剖析】 be afraid to do sth. 意为“害怕做某事” 【拓展】 be afraid of sb/ sth. “害怕某人/某物”。Are you afraid of snake? 你怕蛇吗？ I am afraid that 从句. “担心…”。 I'm afraid意为“恐怕”，主要用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。 例如：I'm afraid I can't stay.恐怕我不能留下。 【经典练】 1.The little girl is ________ to go out alone at night. It’s too dark. A．afraid B．excited C．tired D．angry 【写作佳句】 I used to be a shy girl who was afraid of speaking in front of the people. 我过去是一个害羞的女孩，害怕在人前讲话。 考点10. the secret to 【教材原句】What is the secret to language learning? 【句型剖析】the secret to … “…的秘诀” 其中to 为介词, 表示所属，意为“…的….”。例如：That is the secret to learning English well .她的年龄对我们大家来说是个秘密。 【拓展】 in secret 偷偷地, 暗地里 He has left the country in secret. 他已秘密出国。 keep sth. a secret from = keep a / the secret from 对…保守秘密 例如：I can keep nothing a secret from you. 我对你没有保密的事。 【经典练】 1.Sam likes keeping the secrets to ________, even his best friends don’t know them. A．himself B．itself C．themselves D．yourselves 考点11. it作形式主语 【教材原句】It takes time. 这得花时间。 【句型剖析】 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 意思是“花了某人多长时间去做某事”。在这里，it是形式主语，指代后面的动词不定式，动词不定式才是真正的主语。 【拓展】 It做形式主语常见类型 （1）It + be + 名词/形容词+ 动名词 这类名词和形容词常常是： good, no good, no use, a waste of, useless, senseless等 It’s a waste of time arguing with her any more. （2）It + be + 形容词(+ for sb.) + to do 这类句型常用形容词easy, difficult, hard, important, possible ,wise,useful.useless 等作表语，有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加for sb It’s necessary for the young to master two foreign languages. （3）It + be + 形容词（+ of sb.） + to do 这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词，如： kind, nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate 等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。 It’s very kind of you to help me with the work.=You are kind to help me. 【经典练】 1．Tokyo is getting ________ crowded ________ people can get paid if they choose to leave the city. A．enough; to B．so; that C．such; that 【写作佳句】 It is a Chinese tradition that we have kept for thousands of years. 这是我们中国流传了几千年的传统。 考点12. so that 【教材原句】I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movies. 【句型剖析】 so that引导的是目的状语从句，意思是“为了，目的是”。 Tom gets up early so that he can catch the first bus every day. 汤姆每天早起是为了能赶上第一班公共汽车 而so … that…. “如此……以至于” The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time. 老师讲得如此快以至于大部分时间我都听不懂她讲什么。 so……that……引导结果状语从句，意思是“如此……以至于……”,其中so是副词，与形容词或副词连用，即“so+形容词或副词+that从句”。 【辨析比较】 1、so....that，意为“如此……以至于……＂，so用来修饰形容词或副词。 2、such……that，意为“如此……以至于……”，such用来修饰名词。 3、so that，意为“为的是，以便于”，用来引导目的状语从句。 例如：She was so angry that she couldn't speak.（她太生气了，以至于说不出来话了。） It was such a boring speech that i feel asleep.（那是一个如此无聊的演讲，以至于我都睡着了。） I read more books so that i can catch up with my classmates.（我读更多的书，以便能赶上我的同学。） 【经典练】 1．Experts say junior school students should have 9 hours’ sleeping time _________ they can have enough energy (精力) to have classes the next day. A．so that B．until C．although 【写作佳句】 we can watch more English movies, so that we can understand the western culture. 我们可以多看英文电影，以便于我们能理解西方文化。 考点13. be interested in 【教材原句】Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active……研究表明，如果你对某种东西感兴趣，你的大脑会更加活跃…… 【句型剖析】 be/get/become interested in sth. 意思是“对……感兴趣”,它与take/have/show an interest in sth. 同义。 【辨析】 bored、interested、boring、interesting bored和interested是人作主语，表现为主动；boring和interesting是物作主语，不表现出主动。 比如：I am interested in running 我酷爱跑步 the dog is interesting 这只狗很有趣 【经典练】 1．— Neither Rachel nor I ________ interested in game shows. We both like talk shows. — Me, too. A．be B．am C．is D．are 2．My sister became interested ________ singing and she wanted to be a singer. A．for B．on C．at D．in 【写作佳句】 I'm glad to hear that you are interested in our environment protection activities. 很高兴听说你对环境保护活动感兴趣。 考点14. as well 也 【教材原句】My pronunciation improved as well by listening to the conversations in English movies. 【句型剖析】 as well 也；又（通常放句尾） I sing my own songs and I play the guitar as well 我唱自己谱曲的歌，也弹吉他。 【辨析】 also, too, as well, either 这些词均含“也”之意。 also比too正式一些，语气较重，只用于肯定句，一般紧靠动词。 too语气较轻，多用于口语，在肯定句中使用，通常位于句末。 之前加逗号。 as well一般不用否定句，通常放在句末，强调时可放在句中。 either用于否定句，放在句末，之前加逗号。 【经典练】 1．—I’m planning to climb Mount Huang this summer. Would you like to come along? —Wow! That would be exciting ________ challenging. Count me in! A．as good as B．as well as C．as long as D．as far as 2．—I can’t play basketball because I have much homework to do. —Oh. Li Jian can’t, ________. A．also B．too C．either D．as well 考点15. discover v. 发现 【教材原句】I discovered that listening to something you are interested in is the secret to language learning. 【句型剖析】discover是指“发现”原来就有而一直没被发现的东西(如电、煤、石油等矿藏及新星、星系或科学真理等) 而 invent 指通过劳动运用聪明才智“发明；创造”出以前从未存在过的新事物。 Edison invented the light bulb.爱迪生发明了电灯泡。 【辨析】 look for, discover, find, find out, invent 这组词（组）都有“发明”“发现”的意思， （1）look for 作“寻找”解时，指寻找的动作和过程。 （2）discover 指发现或偶然发现原来就存在但一直未被认识的东西。 （3）find 指寻找的结果，即“找到”，是非延续性动词，不如discover正式。 （4）find out 指经过观察、调查把某事、某物查出来，搞清楚，弄明白，多用于复杂而不易直接查出的情况。 （5）invent 指发明原来不存在的东西，有时也可指虚构、捏造。 【经典练】 1．—Can you ________ your new English teacher? —Sure. She is tall and thin, and she looks beautiful when she smiles. A．discover B．remember C．describe 2．—I know Edison ________ light bulbs (电灯泡), but I don’t know who ________ America. —I know it was Columbus. A．discovered; discovered B．invented; invented C．invented; discovered D．discovered; invented 考点16. born 出生 【教材原句】1.Everyone is born with the ability to learn. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. 【句型剖析】be born 意为“天生，出生”为被动语态，be 动词通常用was 或were，born 为bear 的过去式。 I was born in a small village. 我出生在一个小山村。 【经典练】 1．Peter was ________ /bɔːn/ with the ability to sing. A．boil B．boss C．born D．bell 2．Tom ________ on May 2nd and today is his seventh birthday. A．is born B．was born C．will be born 【写作佳句】 No man is born wise or learned. 人非生而知之。 考点17. ability n.能力 【教材原句】1.Everyone is born with the ability to learn. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. 【句型剖析】ability 在此处为不可数名词，意为“能力”常构成短语 have the ability to do sth. ( 有能力做某事)， 而不用“have the ability of doing sth”结构。 Man has the ability to speak. 人类有说话的能力。 【辨析】 ability，capacity，capability，genius这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。区别： 1、ability普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。 2、capacity侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。 3、capability多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与of或for连用。 4、genius语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。 【经典练】 1．—What can I do to improve my ________ of English writing? —You can read some famous English novels. A．pronunciation B．mistake C．ability D．secret 2．Be more active in class so that you can improve your _______ to express yourselves. A．interest B．energy C．ability D．hobby 【写作佳句】 Ability will never catch up with the demand for it. 能力永远赶不上对它的需求。 考点18. whether 是否 【教材原句】1.Everyone is born with the ability to learn. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. 【句型剖析】whether or not 意为“是否”, whether引导主语从句，不能与if 替换。 whether she will come or not is still a problem. 她是否会来还是个问题。 【辨析】 if和whether辨析 1、if和whether在宾语从句中，都表“是否”，可换用，if更口语化，whether正式些。当有or not时，一般用whether，而不用if。 2、if可引起条件状语从句，whether不用于状语从句。 3、whether可引起主语从句，表语从句，if不能用于这两种情况。 4、if在名词性从句中只能引导动词后的宾语，whether可通用。 【经典练】 1．The teacher wonders ________ the question is too hard because no student answers. A．why B．whether C．what D．how 2．Before you ask someone for help, find out _________ he is the right person for your problem. A．since B．who C．whether D．unless 【写作佳句】 Whether it is hot or cold, we never stop playing it. 无论天气热还是冷，我们从来不停止。 考点19. depend on 依靠、信赖 【教材原句】1.Everyone is born with the ability to learn. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. 【句型剖析】depend on 意为“ 视……而定，取决于；依靠；依赖 ”。后接名词，代词或动名词。既不能用于进行时态也不能用于被动语态。 We depend on the newspaper for daily news.我们得靠报纸得知每天的消息。 【辨析】 depend on、rely on、rest on 1、depend on：用于客观事物：Some of them depend on what your program does. 其中一些取决于您的程序要做什么。 2、rely on： rely on用于虚指事物：Therefore, we are not to rely on feelings, but to have faith in the facts. 因此，我们不能依靠我们的感觉，而是要将信心建立在事实上。 3、rest on：用于行为：You should have a rest on weekends. 你应该在周末休息一下的。 【经典练】 1．Angel Thomas wants to ________ herself to make her own dream come true. A．look for B．enjoy C．look after D．depend on 2．We can depend ________ computers to calculate the result. A．in B．on C．of D．at 考点20. active adj, “活跃的，积极的” 【教材原句】Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. 【句型剖析】active adj, “活跃的，积极的”，可作表语或定语。 常用短语：take an active part in，意为“积极参加” Although he is over 80, he is still very active.他虽然年过八十，但是仍很活跃。 【经典练】 1．If we are interested in something, our brain is a lot ________ and it is also easier for us to pay attention to it for a long time. A．active B．actively C．more active D．the most active 2．Your advice is very valuable to me. I’m sure our ______ will be more meaningful. A．actively B．active C．activity 【写作佳句】 I made up my mind to be active and outgoing. 我决定变得积极和外向。 考点21. pay attention to注意，关注 【教材原句】Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. 【句型剖析】pay attention to 意为“注意，关注”，其中to 为介词，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。You’d better pay attention to this word in the English exam last time. 你最好注意一下上次英语考试中的这个单词。 【经典练】 1．—What else should we pay attention to _________ building the bridge? —The changes of the weather, I think. A．to finish B．finished C．finish D．finishing 2．—My English is poor. I want to improve it. Could you give me some advice? —Sure. You must ________ your teacher carefully in class. A.pay attention to listening to B．pay attention to listen to C．pay attention to listening D．pay attention to listen 【写作佳句】 We should pay attention to the reasonable diet and health care. 我们应该注意饮食和健康。 考点22. connect…with…把……和……联系起来 【教材原句】Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something they are interested in. 【句型剖析】connect…with…意为“ 把……和……联系起来” 其中connect意为“（使）连接；与……有联系”，其名词形式为connection，意为“连接；关系”。 Please don’t connect this person with that person. 请不要把这个人和那个人联系在一起。 【经典练】 1．A new underground ________ Jiangyin with Wuxi has been in use for several months. A．comparing B．charging C．connecting D．covering 2．Please________ the computer to the printer. A．connect B．write C．print D．open 考点23. forget 忘记 【教材原句】 Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it. 【句型剖析】 forget 后直接跟名词、代词、动词不定式或动词-ing 形式，但两者意义完全不同。 forget to do sth. 和 forget doing sth. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 I forget turning off the light. 我忘记已经关灯了。 【经典练】 1．—Please give the book back to me. —Oh, I am sorry. I ________ to bring it here. I ________ it at home. A．forget; forget B．forgot; left C．forgot; forget D．will forget; leave 2．—I’m sorry I _______ my homework at home. —That’s all right. Don’t forget _______ it to school this afternoon. A．forget, to get B．forget, bringing C．left, talking D．left, to bring 【写作佳句】 Let's forget about the past and become good friends again. 让我们忘掉过去，重新成为朋友吧。 考点24. unless conj. 除非；如果不 【教材原句】 Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it. 【句型剖析】 unless conj. 除非；如果不，作连词，用来引导状语从句，常可以转化为“if...not...”的同义句。 若主句为一般将来时，unless引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来。 I shall go to the supermarket unless it rains.= I shall go to the supermarket if it doesn’t rain . 【经典练】 1．We can’t be successful ________ we keep working hard. A．if B．unless C．because D．when 2．Sophia’s dream won’t come true ________ she keeps trying her best. A．unless B．whether C．when D．because 一、语法精讲——by的用法 思维导图 “by+动词ing形式”表方式、方法 1、 语法概述 “by +动词ing形式”意为“通过做某事”，常常表示方式或方法，可以用来回答how引导的特殊疑问句。 二、【方式介词】by、in、on与with辨析 方式介词 用法 例句 by by+doing “以……方式” I improve my English by reading a lot. in 后常跟语言、材料、颜色、声音等名词 The boy likes writing in English. on 后跟表通讯工具的名词，如手机、网络、广播、电视等 We can watch all kinds of shows on TV. with 后面跟具体工具或身体部位名词 We see with our eyes and hear with our ears. 三、介词by的其他常见用法： 1. by + 地点，意为“靠近；在……旁边” Eg.Tom sits by the window in the classroom.汤姆坐在教室里的窗边。 1. by + 时间，意为“在……之前” Eg.Mom told him to come back home by 10:00.妈妈告诉他十点之前回到家。 2. by + 交通工具，意为“乘……” by bus/car/bike/train 3. 用于被动语态中，后面跟动作的执行者 4. by 介词，表示连续或反复,意为“(一个)接着(一个);”(一个)又(一个). one by one 一个接一个 little by little 一点一点 year by year 年复一年 step by step 一步一步 二、写作精讲——个人介绍 本单元的话题围绕学习英语的方法展开，中间涉及学习中遇到的具体困难，也描述了一个学生学习英语的亲身经历，谈论如何成为一名好的学习者。有关“学习能力”的话题写作主要包括介绍学习方法（如 语言学习）和拓宽学习渠道（如：食谱和DIY制作等）两方面，引导学生主动学习.培养良好的学习习惯，全面提升学生的综合素质。一般以说明又或应用文的形式展现。 体裁：应用文(书信)；信的主体部分为说明文 时态：以一般现在时为主 人称：回信主体内容是给别人提出建议，所以应该以第二人称you为主。 2. 佳句荟萃 1.描述学习中存在的问题或困惑的常用句型 I have a problem. I can’t remember the new words. I can’t pronounce some of the words. I can’t understand spoken English. I always make mistakes in grammar. I read very slowly. I don’t know how to speak English well. 2.提出学习上合理的建议的常用句型 You should read English aloud. Listening can help you. Why don’t you join an English language club to practice speaking. Would you mind remembering new words by flashcards? Please try to talk with your friends in English as much as possible. You can / could ... by doing ... / You’d better do sth. Doing sth. is a good way to ... /It's a good idea/way to... 3.写作指导 思路点拨 体裁: 应用文 人称: 第二人称 时态: 一般现在时和一般将来时 写作三步法（一点二提三收） 第1步 开篇点题 I know you want to improve your English and you need some help. There are three good ways to learn English. 第2步 介绍方法 I think you should... if you do this, your brain will... It is also a good idea to... because... You could try to improve your English by... This will help you... 第3步 总结收尾 I hope all these will be helpful to you. 1. I’d like to give you some advice on learning English. 我想给你一些学习英语的建议。 2. It’s difficult to learn a foreign language well. 学好一门外语很难。 3. It’s hard for me to write the word. 对我来说写这个词很难。 4. You can learn English by watching English videos. 你可以通过看英语视频来学习英语。 5. You should talk in English as much as possible. 你应该尽可能多地用英语交谈。 6. Why not look up these words in the dictionary? 为什么不查字典？ 7. It is a good idea to listen to some English songs. 听一些英文歌曲是个好主意。 8. Many students ask for advice on how to improve their listening. 许多学生寻求关于如何提高听力的建议。 9. Don't be afraid of making mistakes. 不要害怕犯错误。 10. Try to guess a word’s meaning by reading the sentences before and after it. 通过阅读单词前后的句子来猜测单词的意思。 11. Why not write down the mistakes in our notebooks? 为什么不把错误写在笔记本上？ 12. How about listening to the radio? 听收音机怎么样？ 13. It’s a good idea to spell and pronounce new words aloud every day. 每天大声拼写和发音生词是个好主意。 14. I am shy and I am afraid to speak to her. 我很害羞，不敢和她说话。 列提纲 写句子 看英语电影、听英语歌曲 (1)Watching / Seeing English films / movies and listening to English songs are good / great ways to learn / study English或To watch / To see English films / movies and to listen to English songs are good / great ways to learn / study English(看英语电影和听英语歌曲是学习英语的好方法). (2)Watch / See and listen several times, and guess the meaning of the new words_ (多看、多听几次，然后猜测生词的意思). 学好英语的建议 与外教交谈 (3) Having / To have a conversation with a foreign teacher is also a good / great way或Speaking / To speak English with a foreign teacher is also a good / great way (与外教交谈也是一个好方法).  (4)You should start / begin it with greetings or a question(你应该以问候或问题开始).  Also, smile before you speak and do not feel shy. 把单词写在纸条上 (5)Write four or five words a day on pieces of paper(每天在纸上写四到五个单词) and place them on the wall. Read the words when you see them, and try to use them in sentences. Dear Wang Wei, I received your e-mail yesterday. In the e-mail, you asked me how to improve your English. Now I'd like to give you some advice. First, watching English films and listening to English songs are great ways to learn English. Watch and listen several times, and guess the meaning of the new words. Second, having a conversation with a foreign teacher is also a good way. You should start it with greetings or a question. Also, smile before you speak and do not feel shy. Last, write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place them on the wall. Read the words when you see them, and try to use them in sentences. These are my suggestions. I hope they are useful to you. Yours, Zhang Hua 【短语小结】 1.Work with a group同小组一起学习 2.asking sb for help向某人求助 3.taking notes,记笔记 4.have conversations with sb同某人谈话 5.too...to..太...而不能...---so…that…/ enough to do sth 的转换 6.give a report作报告 7.at first起初 8.word by word逐词逐句地 9.the secret to language learning 学习语言的秘诀 10.be afraid to do sth害怕做某事=be afraid that+宾语从句 be afraid of sth / doing sth 害怕… 11.fall in love with爱上... 12.body language肢体语言 13.a piece of cake小菜一碟；很容易的事 14.It serves you right.活该，自作自受 15.look up查阅；查找（主考点） 16.so that以便；为了 17.spoken English英语口语 18.make mistakes in doing sth 在...方面犯错 19.depend on视...而定；取决于；依靠 20.pay attention to注意；关注 21.connect...with... 把...和...连接或联系起来 22.even if 即使 23.be born with 天生具有 24.Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧 【重点句子必背】 1.The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time. 老师讲的如此快以致大部分时间我都理解不了她讲的。（so…that…引导的结果状语从句） 2. Although I could not understand everything the characters said, their body language and the expressions on their faces helped me to get the meaning. 虽然我不能领会影片中人物所说的一切，但是他们的肢体语言和脸上的表情有助于我理解含义。（although 引导的让步状语从句，不能和but连用） 3. I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movies. 为了对英语电影有更好的了解，我想学新单词和更多的语法。（so that引导的目的状语从句---in order to do 转换同义句） 4. Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. 研究表明如果你对某事物感兴趣，你的大脑就更活跃，也更容易长久地专注于此。 （It is +形容词+for sb to do sth.） 5. If they need to learn English and they like music or sports, they can listen to English songs or watch sports programs in English. 如果他们需要学习英语，而且他们喜欢音乐或者运动，他们就可以听英语歌曲，或者看英语的体育节目。 （if引导的条件状语从句，主情从现） 6. Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it. 即使你很好地学到了某些知识，你也会忘记它，除非你使用它。（even if 引导的让步状语从句；unless 引导的主将从现） 7. Learning is a lifelong journey because every day brings something new. 学习是一个终生的过程，因为每天都会出现新事物。（because引导的原因状语从句） 8. I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation. 由于语音不好的缘故，我害怕提问。 9. I fell in love with this exciting and funny movie. 我一下子就喜欢上了这部既令人激动又有趣的电影。（fall—fell ---fallen） 10. I also realized I could get the meaning by listening for just the key words. 我以为意识到可以通过只听关键词来理解含义。realized +宾语从句（by +动名词，划线提问用----How） 11. I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning. 我发现听感兴趣的东西是学习语言的秘诀。（动名词短语listening to…作主语谓语要用单数is） 12. Everyone is born with the ability to learn. 每个人生来就具有学习能力。（复合不定代词作主语谓语用单数形式） 13. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. 但是，学得好与否取决于你的学习习惯。（whether引导主语从句，谓语要用单数） 14. Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something interesting. 优秀的学习者经常会把他们需要学习的与有兴趣的东西联系起来。（connect + what引导的宾语从句，what既引导宾从，又作need的宾语） （宾语从句三注意：连词，时态加语序） 15. Good learners think about what they are good at and what they need to practice more. 优秀的学习者会思考他们擅长什么，他们需要更多的练习什么。（介词about+宾从，what既引导宾从，又作介词at和及物动词need的宾语） 16. Good learners will keep practicing what they have learned, and they are not afraid of making mistakes. 优秀的学习者会不断练习他们已经学过的东西，而且他们不怕犯错误。（keep doing sth, practice +宾从） 17. Everything that you learn becomes a part of you and changes you, so learn wisely and learn well. （that引导定语从句，修饰先行词everything， 复合不定代词作主语谓语用单数形式becomes） 【精讲精练】 要点1 by的用法 by doing sth. 通过做某事 此处by作介词，意为“通过”，表示方式或方法. by：① “在……的旁边”，表示位置，=near，beside 。 There is an old house by the lake. 在湖旁有一座老房子。 ② “从……的旁边经过路过”，表示移动方向。 An old friend passed by me without stopping.一位老朋友从我身边经过，没有停留。 ③ “不迟于，在……之前”， You must finish the work by Friday. ④ “ 通过，用”,表示方法手段。如： I learn English by listening to the radio. 我通过听收音机学英语。 ⑤ “被，由，受”，用于被动语态。如： The cake is eaten by the boy. 这块蛋糕被那个小男孩吃了。 by常连用的短语： by the way 顺便问一下 by accident= by chance 偶然地 by mistake 错误地 one by one 一个接一个 step by step 一步一步地 little by little 逐渐地 by the time 到……为止 by oneself 独自地 by hand 用手 by the end of 到….... 末尾 go/pass by 通过；经过 by and by 不久以后 【典例分析】 一、指出下列各句‘by’的用法 1.There is a house by the river. 【点拨】by介词，在旁边=beside，near 2.An old friend passed by me without stopping. 【点拨】by 介词。“从……的旁边经过路过” 3.You must finish this work by Friday 【点拨】by 介词。到。。。为止 4.I learn English by listening to the radio. 【点拨】by介词“ 通过，用” 5.The cake was eaten by that little boy 【点拨】by “被，由，受” 用于被动语态。 with用法归纳 (1)“用……”表示使用工具，手段等。 We can walk with our legs and feet. 我们用腿脚行走。 (2) “和……在一起”，表示伴随。例如： Can you go to a movie with me? 你能和我一起去看电影吗？ (3)“带有，具有”。例如： He’s a tall kid with short hair. 他是个长着一头短发的高个子小孩。 (4) “随着，与……同时”。例如： He came into the classroom with some books. 【典例分析】 1.He writes with a pencil. 【点拨】句意：他用铅笔写字。“用……”表示使用工具，手段等 2.He often goes to the library with Jenny. 【点拨】句意：他经常和珍妮去图书馆。“和……在一起”，表示伴随。 3.The girl with glasses is from UK. 【点拨】句意：那个戴眼镜的女孩来自英国。“带有，具有”。 4.With these words, he left the room. 【点拨】句意：说完这些话，他离开了房间。“随着，与……同时”。 5.President Xi said that people in the world should build a community _______ a shared future . A. to B. at C. with D. from 【点拨】C 句意：习主席说，世界人民应该要建设命运共同体。 介词by表方式的用法 1. 表示用某种交通方式。 We'd like to go to Japan by ship. 我们想乘船去日本。 2. 表示使用某种方法或手段。 We can improve our English by reading more. 我们可以通过更多地阅读来提高英语。 3. 表示使用某种媒介。 How did you send the letter, by airmail or by ordinary mail? 你怎么寄信的，空运还是普通运输？ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$