Unit 1 People of achievement 课后习题-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Unit 1 People of achievement Period 1 Reading and thinking 一、单句语法填空 1. He is widely _____________(acknowledge) as the best player in the world. 2. He was ________________(apparent) much surprised at the news that the amateur athlete beat the professional one who ranked top ten. 3. He insist on _____________(give) every detail of the case. 4. The key to success as a romantic _____________( novel) is absolute belief in your story. 5. He tried boiling fresh wormwood, and _________(use) the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria. 6. I saw leaves moving__________(gentle) in the breeze. 7. In the war, they narrowly avoided____________(defeat) by the enemy. 8. Tu Youyou’s research led to the discovery of artemisinin, ____crucial new treatment for malaria. 9. Upon ________(arrive), he hugge my uncle and tried to give him courage. 10. They did an experiment and compared the physical ________(property) of the two substances. 二、语法填空 TU Youyou, 84, 1 (honor) with the Nobel Prize in Physiology (生理学) or Medicine on Oct 5. She was 2 first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science. Tu shared the prize 3 the Irish-born William Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura of Japan. Tu is a researcher at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She was honored for 4 (develop) artemisinin , “a new drug therapy against malaria” 5 has saved millions of lives worldwide, 6 (especial) in developing countries, the Nobel Assembly said on its website. Tu and her colleagues 7 (join) a government project to find a new malaria drug in the late 1960s. They made 380 herbal extracts from 2,000 recipes from traditional Chinese 8 (medicine) books. In 1971, after more than 190 9 (fail), Tu’s team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against the malaria parasites (寄生虫) – artemisinin. “The discovery of artemisinin is a gift to mankind from traditional Chinese medicine. It’s the collective achievement of the research team. 10 (win) the prize is an honor for China’s science and traditional Chinese medicine,” Tu told Xinhua. 三、阅读理解 NATURE has many ways of reminding us who is in charge. Her most deadly weapons – bacteria, viruses, and parasites (寄生虫) – claim millions of lives every year. But thanks to the hard work of great scientists, mankind could turn nature against itself. And it is for exactly this sort of work that the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Oct 5.  Half of the prize was awarded to the Irish William Campbell and the Japanese Satoshi Ōmura for discovering avermectin (阿维菌素), a drug that kills the parasitic worms that cause river blindness and lymphatic filariasis (象皮病). Chinese scientist Tu Youyou shared the other half of the prize for developing Artemisinin , a drug that helps kill the parasite that causes malaria. Ōmura is a microbiologist by training. He studied Streptomyces bacteria to find compounds (化合物) that work against harmful microbes (微生物). Campbell, working in the US, took bacteria found by Ōmura and took out avermectin, which is effective against parasites in farm animals. An improved type of avermectin was later produced for humans, which greatly reduced the cases of river blindness and lymphatic filariasis. Avermectin comes from bacteria, but artemisinin comes from plants. Its discovery was the result of Project 523, a Chinese government project to find a new malaria drug in the late 1960s. Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by parasites, which attack red blood cells, causing fever, and sometimes, brain damage and death. Tu and her team made 380 herbal extracts from 2,000 recipes from traditional Chinese medical books. In 1971, after more than 190 failures, Tu’s team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against malaria parasites. It was called qinghaosu, later renamed artemisinin. In 2001, the World Health Organization named artemisinin the first choice in the treatment of malaria. Millions of people are still troubled by infections caused by parasites. But the WHO said that by 2013, malaria deaths had fallen by 47 percent compared with 2000. Similarly, river blindness used to be one of the leading causes of preventable blindness. These days, doctors are talking about chances of wiping the disease off Earth. All of these achievements would not be possible at all without the drugs that Campbell, Ōmura and Tu helped to discover. 1. The drug Tu Youyou developed, artemisinin, has proven effective in treating ______. A. river blindness B. malaria C. lymphatic filariasis D. infections caused by Streptomyces bacteria 2. Avermectin, discovered by Campbell and Ōmura, comes from ______. A. bacteria B. plants C. farm animals D. ocean animals 3. Which of the following is TRUE about the discovery of artemisinin? A. It took Tu and her team about 10 years to discover artemisinin. B. Tu and her team achieved success after about 380 failures. C. Artemisinin has saved millions of people’s lives since its discovery. D. Artemisinin was discovered thanks to the efforts of scientists from at home and abroad. Unit 1 People of achievement Period 2 Listening and Speaking 一、用单词的正确行使填空 1. In terms of research, it is necessary for us to stick to the ____________ (academy) cautiousness. 2. It is therefore unreasonable to make a _______ (distinct) when it comes to a woman’s right to preserve her eggs. 3. Before 2015, our party ____________ (acknowledge) the achievements made by the cooperation and supported the continuous wider cooperating in the future. 4. They have ____________ (apparent) achieved broader and deeper agreements on how further promotion on ecology should be approached. 5. It is reported that some Taiwan songstresses share the same ____________ (passionate) for love and romance—even though it’s full of uncertainty and can break your heart. 6. The old man is said ____________ (commit) crime in the room beside our school laboratory 2 decades ago.   7. The government declared financial assistance would____________ (obtain) by those in the employment training courses.   8. Around ten years later, English had ____________ (gradual) taken the place of Russian as a subject in secondary school teaching. 9. ____________ (consequence), it is natural for those countries to pay attention to the economic development. 10. It means digital healthcare companies ____________ (encounter) fewer obstacles when developing new products and services after 5 years. 二、完形填空 I was invited to attend a presentation at the Kentucky School. That evening I found gratitude had amazing 　1　 to change our attitude and our life.   The young musician Mr Patrick was 　2　 onto the stage in his wheelchair and began to play the piano. His fingers danced 　3　 the keys as he made beautiful music. He then began to sing as he played, and it was wonderful. But what shocked me most was his 　4　 smile.   Mr Patrick was born with no eyes and an illness in the legs, which 　5　 him lame for life. However, as a child, he was fitted with artificial eyes and placed in a wheelchair. Before his first birthday, he discovered the piano. 　6　 his mom hit any note on the piano, and within one or two tries, he’d get it. By his second birthday, he was playing “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star. ” His father was 　7　. “We might not play baseball, but we can play music together. ”  When Patrick was at the University of Louisville, his father 　8　 classes with him. He was also a part of the 214-member marching band! He was a blind, wheelchair-bound trumpet player; and he and his father did it together. His father 　9　 the night shift (夜班) in order to accompany his daytime band practice. Patrick says, “My dad’s my hero. ”  But even more than his 　10　 musical talent, it was Patrick’s “attitude of gratitude” that touched my soul. On stage, between songs, he talked to the audience about his life and about how 　11　 he was with a great father. When his performance was over, Patrick and his father were on the stage together. The crowd rose to their feet and 　12　 for over five minutes.   We all face misfortune in our lives. However, it’s not the hardship but how we 　13　 to it that will determine the joy and happiness in our lives. During 　14　 times, do we spend too much time feeling 　15　 for ourselves, or can we, with gratitude, learn how to dance in the rain?   1. A. knowledge 　 B. quality 　 C. wisdom 　 D. power 2. A. rolled B. held C. allowed D. dragged 3. A. through B. to C. across D. at 4. A. strange B. magic C. bitter D. friendly 5. A. took B. led C. forced D. left 6. A. Before B. When C. Since D. Until 7. A. confused B. amused C. interested D. overjoyed 8. A. listed B. found C. attended D. organized 9. A. worked B. found C. refused D. cancelled 10. A. unbearable B. unreasonable C. unconditional D. unbelievable 11. A. satisfied B. concerned C. blessed D. laughed 12. A. cheered B. whispered C. shouted D. laughed 13. A. see B. react C. agree D. put 14. A. happy B. modern C. usual D. tough 15. A. great B. sorry C. hopeful D. proud 三. 语法填空 (2020·潍坊高二检测) The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge(HZMB), a 55-kilometre bridge-tunnel system, 1. __________ (consist)of a series of three cable-stayed bridges, an undersea tunnel, and four artificial islands. It is both the longest sea crossing and the longest fixed link on earth, another 2. __________ (significance)project. The HZMB, 3. __________ connects Hong Kong, Macau, and Zhuhai—three major cities on the Pearl River Delta, crosses the Lingding and Jiuzhou channel.   The HZMB designed 4. __________ (last)for 120 years was built with a cost of 126. 9 billion yuan(US $18. 77 billion). The cost of 5. __________ (construct)the Main Bridge was estimated 6. __________ 51. 1 billion yuan(US $7. 56 billion)shared among the governments of mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau. 7.__________ (initial)set to be opened to traffic in late 2016, the structure was finally completed on 6 February 2018 and 8. __________ (journalist)were subsequently given rides over the bridge. On 24 October 2018, the HZMB was opened to 9. __________ public after its opening ceremony a day 10. __________ (early)by Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China. Unit 1 People of achievement Period 3 Learning about language Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空 1. His best movie, ________won several awards, was about the life of Gandhi. 2. (2018·天津高考)Kae, ________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. 3. During the Spring Festival Gala of 2020, did you see Wang Yuan, ________is now a famous youth actor. 4. The famous actor, Guo Donglin, ________name was known, became a little depressed recently. 5. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ________I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 6. When it comes to the majority of the latest technologies in the next 20 years, none has greater potential than the technology being developed in these young people’s company, ________in my eyes will lead to a revolution. 7. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________is not good for the health. 8. Everyone knows that Zhong Nanshan ________serves as a medical scientist, has devoted himself to hard work again. 9．This is the same dictionary ________ I lost last week. 10．Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, ________ a conference was to be held. Ⅱ.完成句子 1. Now Irene Astbury works from 9a. m. to 5p. m. daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _______________ ___________________.   现在 Irene Astbury 每天上午9点到下午5点在Macclesfield她和她已故的丈夫 Les一起开的宠物店工作。 2. We can send e-mails to our friends __________________________________ as well.   我们可以发送电子邮件给和我们一样住的离家乡也很远的朋友。 3. There lives an old man near the school, __________________________________.   学校附近住着一位老人, 他的儿子在国外工作。 4. During traveling, one can meet various people, __________________________________.   在旅游期间, 可以见到形形色色的人, 和他们结交新朋友。 5. Some students are very busy, __________________________________.   有些学生太忙了, 没时间阅读。 6. Last Friday we went to the farm, __________________________________.   上周五我们去了农场, 帮助农民们采摘西瓜。 7. On the platform of 2020 Spring Festival Gala, some famous actors were absent, __________________ ________________.   在2020年春晚舞台上, 一些在过去很著名的演员却未到场。 8. Tom suddenly fell ill, __________________________________.   汤姆突然生病了, 这使我们很伤心。 9. He didn’t pass the exam, __________________________________.   他没有通过考试, 这使他的老师感到失望。 10. His elder brother, __________________________________, will come to see him tomorrow. 他的哥哥在北京工作, 明天要来看他。 Ⅲ. 单句语法填空 1．We have launched another man­made satellite, which is announced in today's newspaper. 2．Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, who,_for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. 3．There is no simple answer, as is often the case in science. 4．Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese people's long­held dreams come true. 5．I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me. 6．I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade, when I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. 7．I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, as many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin do. 8．Whenever I met her, which was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. 9．Just as a famous saying goes, every coin has two sides. 10．The famous footballer, in whose honour a party will be held, is to arrive this afternoon. 11．As is reported in the newspaper, a serious accident has happened recently. 12．The owner paid the worker for cleaning the whole building, most of which hadn't been cleaned for at least one month. 13．I shall never forget those years when I lived in the country with the farmers, which has a great effect on my life. 14．Her father works in a factory, where he makes cars. 15．The old lady has two daughters, one of whom is working abroad. 16．This is one of the reasons why you have to give it up. Unit 1 People of achievement Period 4 Reading for Writing Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词 1. There is no doubt that Einstein is a_________(天才) who developed the_________________ (相对论), which showcase that everything is actually_________ (相对的), rather than absolute, so you should practise thinking_________(批判性).   2. I have several companions in this school, of whom Li Hua is always full of _________(热情) when solving problems of subjects. _________ (逐渐地), he becomes an_______________(非凡的) example of us. As_________________(结果), we consider him as all-around good student at the end of the semester.   3. A high building is ____________ (construct) where it was a factory before, which is said to establish a research_________ (研究所), where medical_________(设备) is served to countryside clinic. 4. When the official_____________power(上台), he ____________ (拿起) the weapon of law to_________ up(结算) all the wrongdoings of some bad guys, which cleared the circumstance of that area and consequently (最后) many young people can take ______________(以……为职业) clerks in companies, supermarkets and so on.   5. It is certain that everybody would_________ away(去世) in time, but the method of dying is_________ (不同的), some of which are remarkable (非凡的)and can be praised_____________(遍及) the world, so we ought to make an extraordinary arrangement when we are healthy and have opportunity to take_______ (花费; 占用) time to develop ourselves. Ⅱ. 单句语法填空 1. That is to say, investment in fixed assets(固定资产投资) will remain at a ___________(relative) low scale. 2. Now in the mid-eastern part, it is ___________ (extraordinary) difficult for the rest of the world to come to an agreement. 3. After four decades of reform and opening-up, Silicon Valley of China has ___________ (gradual) become a global hardware center. 4. This year has seen a number of ___________ (remark) business stories in China, including some masters such as Alibaba and Huawei. 5. Delcourt said, “Liu Cixin is a ___________ (genius) who is still undiscovered in France, and I see great possibilities for him. ” 6. When fighting with natural disasters, the workers were ___________ (passion) and looked for entertainment through competition. 7. As a hospital, famous for its ___________ (profession) treatment, 301 Hospital is always rather crowded. 8. ___________ (draft) contracts is actually one of the simple pleasures of practising law. Ⅲ. 选词填空 sum up; come to power; take up; as a consequence of; stand on end; as though; 1. It is worthwhile to ___________ the experience and characteristics of Macao in faithfully implementing “one country, two systems”.   2. As a child, did you experience the dream scene which made your hair ___________ at midnight.   3. __________________ the consciousness, three days ago, a series of anti-terrorist posters caused widespread alarm across Indonesia and Turkey.   4. That Hitler ________________ was really a disaster to the world.   5. Can you figure out the average living space that a person can___________ in this city? 6. It seems ___________ the difficulty will be over soon. IV.阅读理解 A Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm were two young men from Germany who loved a good story. As university students, they became interested in folktales—traditional stories that people memorized and told again and again. They began to collect traditional folktales from storytellers all over Germany. Many were similar to stories told in France, Italy, Japan, and other countries. Between 1812 and 1814, the brothers published two books in German. These included stories like “Hansel and Gretel” and “Little Red Riding Hood. ” Despite the fact that Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm are often associated with Snow White and Rapunzel, the brothers didn’t actually write any of those stories. In fact, the stories existed long before the two men were born in Germany in the mid 1780s. The fairy tales, in fact, were part of a rich oral tradition—passed down from generation to generation, often by women seeking to pass the time during household chores. In 1812, Jacob and Wilhelm published the stories as part of a collection titled Nursery and Household Tales, or what is now known as Grimm’s Fairy Tales. The Grimm brothers’ tales were about traditional life and beliefs. For example, forests are common in Germany, and this image often appears in the Grimms’ stories. In the past, many people believed forests were dangerous places. In the Grimms’ stories, a forest is the home of evil witches, talking animals, and other magical beings. Although most people today think of these stories as fairy tales for children, the brothers first wrote them for adults. Many of their early tales were dark and a little scary. Later, the brothers changed the text of some of the original stories. They “softened” many of the tales and added drawings. This made them more appropriate(合适的) for children. Like the early tales, though, each story still has a moral: work hard, be good, and listen to your parents. Actually, university-trained philologists (语言学者) and librarians, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm published more than fairy tales. They wrote books about mythology, and published scholarly works on linguistics and medieval studies. 1. What is the main purpose of the reading? A. To compare the Grimms’ stories to modern children’s stories. B. To explain why storytelling is important in Germany. C. To examine two of the Grimms’ fairy tales. D. To give information about the Grimm brothers and their stories. 2. Which of these statements is true about the Grimm brothers? A. They invented the fairy tales in their books. B. They wrote their books in different languages. C. They became interested in folktales as students. D. They traveled to many countries to collect stories. 3. Which of the following best explains “moral” underlined in Paragraph 4? A. interest　　 B. text　 　C. story　 　D. message 4. What do we know about the Grimms’ stories? A. The later stories had morals, like the early ones. B. The early stories were written for children. C. The early stories had a lot of drawings. D. The later stories reflected German life, but the early ones didn’t. B There is a story about a man who lost his legs and left arm in an accident. After the accident, only a finger and thumb on his right hand remained. He was a brilliant, creative, and educated man. He had gained a lot of experience while traveling around the world, so he became very depressed after his accident. He was afraid that he would spend the rest of his life suffering and would no longer be able to spend his life in a meaningful way. Then, he realized that he still had partial function of his right hand and could still write even though it was very difficult. An idea occurred to him. “Why not write to other people who need encouragement? ” He wrote to the prison ministry about sending letters to the prisoners. The prison minister replied, “Writing to the prisoners is acceptable, but your letters will not be answered. ” Filled with excitement, the man knew he could write his letters. He began sending one-way messages of God’s love, hope, strength, and encouragement. He wrote twice a week, testing his strength and ability to the limit. He poured his heart and soul into his words and shared his experience, sense of humor, optimism, and faith. It was difficult to write those letters, especially without hope of a reply. One day he received a letter from the prison ministry. It was a short note from the officer who monitored and checked the prison mail. The letter said, “Please write on the best paper you can afford. Your letters are passed from cell to cell until they literally fall to pieces! ” No matter what circumstances life may present, we all have unique experiences, abilities, and God-given talents. We can discover ways to reach others who desperately need messages of encouragement and strength. 5. According to the prison minister, ______.   A. the man was not allowed to write to the prisoners B. the man couldn’t go to see the prisoners himself C. he was not sure if the prisoners liked receiving the letters D. the prisoners were not allowed to answer the letters 6. In order to live in a meaningful way, the man began to ______.   A. receive the school education B. meet the people who are depressed C. write to other people who need encouragement D. help other people with lost arms and legs 7. What can be the best title for the passage? A. Special Letters of Encouragement B. Popularity of Special Letters C. Stories about a Humorous Person D. Life in the prison 8. From the officer’s short note we are told that ______.   A. the man would be offered free paper to write letters on B. his letters were very popular among the prisoners C. the prisoners eagerly wanted to write back to the man D. some of the prisoners were not satisfied with his letters V.书面表达 (2020·济宁高一检测) 根据以下材料, 写一篇100词左右的英语短文, 向外国朋友介绍孔子(Confucius)。 出生: 公元前551年生于鲁国, 春秋时期去世: 公元前479年, 享年73岁 身份: 中国古代伟大的思想家和教育家, 儒家学派的创始人 政治理想: 建立一个和谐人道的社会 代表作品: 《论语》(the Analects of Confucius) 影响: 对中国的政治、经济及文化产生深远的影响 参考词汇: 儒家学派Confucianism; 人道的humanistic; 和谐的harmonious 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$