精品解析：2024届四川省达州市高三下学期二模考试英语试题

达州市普通高中2024届第二次诊断性测试 英语试题 该试卷由四部分组成。第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名、考号用0.5毫米的黑色签字笔填写在答题卡上，并检查条形码粘贴是否正确。 2．选择题(1-60)使用2B 铅笔填涂在答题卡对应题目标号的位置上，非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色签字笔书写在答题卡的对应题框内，超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。 3．考试结束以后，将答题卡收回。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例: How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.15. C. £9.18. 答案是B. 1. What’s the man worried about? A. A coming lecture. B. The students’ behavior. C. Customs in a foreign country. 2. Where will the woman stay? A. At a hotel. B. At a guesthouse. C. At a backpacker hostel. 3. How will the man go home? A. He will take a bus. B. His mother will pick him up. C. Jane’s mother will drive him home. 4. When should the man take the cake out? A. In 15minutes. B. In 30 minutes. C. In 45minutes. 5. What is the weather like in the woman’s city? A. Changeable. B. Cold. C. Windy. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 6. What does the man advise the woman to study? A. French. B. German. C. Russian. 7. Why does the man recommend the language? A. To become popular. B. To obtain good jobs. C. To go abroad. 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。. 8. What is the woman? A. A shop assistant. B. A repairer. C. A manager. 9. Why can’t the man ask his money back? A. He damaged the camera. B. He bought the camera on sale. C. He bought the camera over a week ago. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What does the man think of the article the woman mentions? A. Quite reasonable. B. Not quite right. C. Completely wrong. 11. What do we know about the woman? A. She has cut back on coffee. B. She has difficulty in sleeping. C. She prefers drinking green tea. 12. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Doctor and patient. C. Waitress and customer. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At a clinic. B. At home. C. In a restaurant. 14. How often does the woman shower? A. Once a day. B. Twice a day. C. Three times a day. 15. What is the man’s advice? A. Not using body washes. B. Choosing the good-smelling soap. C. Washing hair two or three times a week. 16. What is the final topic between the speakers? A. The way to keep the hair healthy. B. The time spent on taking a shower. C The effect of water temperature on skin. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What was interesting in the speaker’s work? A. Tasting delicious foods. B. Traveling around the world. C. Meeting people in fancy clothes. 18. Which trip brought the speaker the most money? A. The one to the club. B. The one to the airport. C. The one to the restaurant. 19. Why did the speaker give up the job? A. He felt tired. B. He was too old. C. He hated traffic jams. 20. What is mainly talked about in this passage? A. The man’s job. B. The man’s cab. C. The man’s passengers. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A STEM Competitions for Students NSTA Explora Vision Are you interested in what the future holds? Consider Explora Vision’s STEM (science, technology, engineering & mathematics) competition. Working in teams of two to four, students will research a particular technology and assess the ways in which it may impact lives moving forward. Participants are required to write a paper and draw web pages communicating their vision. Grades: 7th-9th and 10th-12th Competition Type: Regional and national eCyberMission You can participate in this competition without leaving the house. eCyberMission is a web-based contest in which participants — working in teams of two to four students — use science, math and technology to solve problems facing their communities. First-place winners receive $1,000. Grades:9th Competition Type: Regional, state and national TEAMS Competition Held annually, TEAMS invites students to use their engineering talent to contribute to the community. Working in groups of two to four students, participants complete real-life engineering challenges. The competition includes multiple-choice questions, an essay and a design-build component. Grades: 9th-12th Competition Type: State and national The Conrad Challenge In this challenge, participants work in teams of two to five students to develop products or services in response to key issues facing people around the world. The Conrad Challenge empowers students to take control of their learning and apply it to real-life situations. Winners are eligible (有资格的) for scholarships, patent assistance and aid in creating companies. Grades: 9th-12th Competition Type: International 1. What does NSTA Explora Vision’s STEM competition focus on? A. Engineering innovation. B. Students’ paper writing skills. C. New technology shaping the future. D. Students’ ability in web page design. 2. What do the four STEM competitions have in common? A. Winners will get a big cash prize. B. They are all national competitions. C. Participants are required to work in teams. D. Participants must solve real-life problems. 3. Which competition involves foreign students? A. NSTA ExploraVision. B. eCvberMission. C. TEAMS Competition. D. The Conrad Challenge. B Though it’s common that new scientists get international experience as part of their postdoctoral work, acquiring international exposure during one’s PhD study is less common. But it can be rewarding. I’m in the final year of my PhD course in experimental physics. The PhD program is based at Loughborough University, the UK, but a big part of my experimental work is at the Max Planck Institute in Germany. Coming from England just after my bachelor’s degree in physics was a big step and somewhat risky. I wasn’t sure if it would help my career or suit my personal style. I was faced with a number of questions. My supervisors (导师), one in England and one in Germany, gave me great freedom to pick research topics and carry out my research at another institute. I was excited about going to the Max Planck Institute. Once the long road of the PhD is complete, I hope to have the confidence to compete in an increasingly multinational field in order to secure postdoctoral positions. Although moving abroad means reduced contact with my home university and research community, attending conferences in Britain has helped me network and develop a sense of community. It took some time to settle down, find an apartment, and get used to the local life, surroundings and a different language. In the lab, a simple task was complicated by the language barrier. Still, with persistence, it was an enriching experience both personally and professionally. The Max Planck Institute provided not only an exciting environment, but enough funding that helped expand the output of my research considerably. I had access to equipment and resources hard to find at many institutions. Thus far, I have no regrets. Doing a PhD abroad has improved my knowledge of physics and clarified my career aspirations (抱负). 4. How does the author find doing PhD study abroad? A. Very useful. B Pretty common. C. Extremely difficult. D. Absolutely necessary. 5. What happened to the author when he first studied in Germany? A. He chose a difficult research topic. B. He had a hard time finding friends. C. He made some mistakes in his study. D. He became confused about his study and life. 6. How did the author’s experience in Britain help him adapt to the new life? A. By making him confident. B. By teaching him to socialize. C. By pulling him out of his comfort zone. D. By helping him find his passion for life. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Seeking a PhD Abroad B. Following the Desired Career Path C. Finding a Place to Further PhD Study D. Breaking through the Language Barriers C “I spilled soup all over the table, but it wasn’t my fault”. “I got into trouble at school, but it wasn’t my fault.” Such statements are often heard. “It’s not my fault” is actually a common response for so many people and especially teenagers. Parents complain that they’re tired of the “excuses”. The reason why variations of “it’s not my fault” are so popular is that they get us out of guilt, blame and anger. Those emotions may come from others’ reactions or our own self-talks. In the case of adolescents, they are often trying to escape responsibility and punishment for mistakes. Some teens would benefit from decreasing their self-blame. Those who blame themselves for things that they can’t control tend to be highly self-critical and are more likely to be anxious. Many teens overly rely on “it’s not my fault”. However, overuse of the phrase can result in feelings of helplessness to control their own lives. Besides, “it’s not my fault” focuses a teen’s attention on what is done as opposed to what needs to be done. In trying to get them to assume responsibility, many parents attempt to convince their children that something is their fault, but the approach tends to be ineffective. A more effective approach is to face up to drawbacks to find solutions to the drawbacks actively. People may not have caused all their problems, but they have to solve them anyway. Getting stuck in sharing blame often keeps people from moving forward effectively. What does one do if he is pushed into a deep lake? One could certainly stay in water, yelling, “It’s not my fault.” However, that is not going to get him out of water. At some point, he needs to swim to shore, regardless of the fault. Like most things in life, freeing ourselves from blame has its advantages and disadvantages. The question isn’t what is “right”, but what is most effective in moving forward. 8. Who is likely to rely on “it’s not my fault”? A. A highly self-critical teenager. B. A teenager unwilling to admit a fault. C. A teenager facing up to his responsibilities. D. A teenager anxious about uncontrollable things. 9. What is the author’s advice on getting teens to assume responsibility? A. Letting them focus on what is done. B. Persuading them to admit their fault. C. Making them correct the mistake actively. D. Helping them analyze the reason for the mistake. 10. Why does the author raise such a question in Paragraph 5? A. To put forward a new solution to drawbacks. B. To show handling problems should come first. C. To explain why teenagers get stuck in sharing blame. D. To analyze what kind of problem is caused by others. 11. What is the author’s purpose in writing this text? A. To help teenagers out of self-blame. B. To tell parents how to educate children. C. To help teenagers face mistakes properly. D. To tell children to do self-talks consciously. D With the ocean covering more than 70% of the Earth’s surface, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said scientists and researchers had depended on sonar (声呐) technologies to understand and map the sea floor which had charted only about 10% of the world’s ocean. For the ocean and coastal waters in the US, the number is just around 35%. We know less about our planet’s ocean than what we know about the far side of the moon or the surface of Mars. Part of the reason for the lack of observation is the challenge of powering an underwater camera. Researchers have used ships to recharge cameras or observed with a camera tied to a ship to solve the issue, which is expensive and unsuitable for long-term observations. Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken a major step to iron out this problem by developing a battery-free, wireless underwater camera that could harvest energy underwater on its own for long periods. To keep power consumption as low as possible, the researchers used off-the-shelf, ultra-low-power imaging sensors. The device takes color photos, even in dark underwater environments, and sends image data wirelessly through the water. The camera is powered by sound. It changes mechanical energy from sound waves traveling through water into electrical energy that powers its imaging and communications equipment. After getting and encoding image data, the camera also uses sound waves to send the data to a receiver that reconstructs the image. Those sound waves could come from any source, like a passing ship or marine life. As it doesn’t need a power source, the camera could run for weeks on end before getting it back, enabling scientists to search remote parts of the ocean for new species. Now that researchers have demonstrated a working prototype (原型), they plan to enhance the device so it is practical in real-world settings. For future application, these cameras may be used to take images of ocean pollution and create more accurate models to monitor climate change to better understand how climate change impacts the underwater world, and advance various undersea scientific fields. 12. What do the data in paragraph 1 mainly show? A. Undersea exploration is poor in the US. B. Much of the planet’s ocean remains unexplored. C. The mapping of the sea floor is time-consuming. D. Technology development matters a lot to sea observation. 13. What limits the researchers’ undersea exploration according to the text? A. The complexity of the sea environment. B. The concern about potential sea pollution. C. The shortage of investment in ocean exploration. D. The inability to effectively power underwater cameras. 14. What does the underlined phrase “iron out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Overcome. B. Face. C. Analyze. D. Illustrate. 15. Which of the following can best describe the MIT underwater camera? A. Secure and stable. B. Expensive but effective. C. Impractical but advanced. D. Self-sufficient and energy-saving. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Humor can help you connect with other people and make unpleasant situations more bearable. There are things you can do to make yourself and others laugh. Read more Get your hands on everything that is funny. ____16____. Hopefully, reading good jokes might inspire you to start making up your own jokes. When reading them, try to analyse the elements that make them good jokes. Be observant While knowing a lot can increase your ability for humor there’s no substitute for seeing a lot. Look for the humor in everyday situations. ____17____. Learn from funny people Whether they’re professional comedians, your parents or your friends, learning from funny people in your life is a key step to being funny yourself. ____18____. Keep a note of some of the funny things they say or do. This will help you develop a toolbox of techniques you can use to be funny. ____19____ Different things make different people laugh. When you’re in a group of people you don’t know, listen to what subjects they’re talking about and what’s making them laugh. The better you know them, the easier it will be to make them laugh. Trust in your inner sense of humor Being funny doesn’t come in a “one-size-fits-all” package. What makes you funny is unique to you and the way you observe the world. Trust that you do have a funny bone. ____20____ — you just need to bring it out. A. It’s already in you B. Know your audience C. Make different people laugh D. Look for what you admire most in them E. There are a lot of funny things in comedies F. You’ll become funnier by reading and practicing jokes G. The unnoticed humor right before your eyes often has the most effect 第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每题1.5分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Nowadays, shopping online enjoys great popularity, but my ___21___ to clothes shopping developed via supermarkets. With four children, I spent a lot of time in supermarkets. When they started selling fashion, I found myself ___22___ out fancy items for myself. My wardrobe quickly ____23____ up. Whenever I felt bored or ____24____, I bought myself something new to wear. One day, when I ___25___ the total money I'd spent over the previous month, I got a real ____26____. So I decided to change. One New Year, I made a(n) ___27___: I would stop buying clothes for a full year. My family laughed in ___28___ because they knew how I loved to shop, but this made me more ___29___ to do that. The start of the year was especially ____30____, as all the sales were on, and I really love the ____31____. It almost made me ____32____ to see all the lovely dresses and coats, knowing I couldn't buy any of them. But I got through January, ____33____ away in February and sorted out my wardrobe in March. That was when I found ____34____ items of clothing. Some of them still had the tags (标签) on! Then I was re-wearing things that had barely seen the ____35____ of day since I'd bought them. I even wore the same dress to two parties ____36____, where I had much fun with my friends and no one ____37____ my dress. I suddenly ____38____ that I didn't need lots of new clothes. I survived my year without ____39____ clothes, and now think ____40____ before I buy anything new. 21. A. contribution B. addiction C. response D. approach 22. A. picking B. checking C. making D. carrying 23 A. broke B. ended C. filled D. shut 24. A. relaxed B. curious C. satisfied D. stressed 25. A. added up B. put aside C. handed over D. took away 26. A. trouble B. puzzle C. idea D. shock 27. A. reservation B. choice C. announcement D. prediction 28. A. confusion B. disbelief C. excitement D. embarrassment 29. A. confident B. discouraged C. determined D. interested 30. A. tough B. promising C. smooth D. amazing 31. A. dress B. item C. bargain D. store 32. A. worry B. smile C. refuse D. cry 33. A. gave B. passed C. threw D. hid 34. A. long-forgotten B. badly-treated C. well-made D. easily-obtained 35. A. color B. light C. beauty D. value 36. A. in a row B. at a distance C. in a way D. at a loss 37. A. exchanged B. liked C. mentioned D. selected 38. A. remembered B. regretted. C. imagined D. realized 39. A. wearing B. purchasing C. changing D. washing 40. A. casually B. carefully C. gradually D. constantly 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Thousands of years ago, Chinese characters appeared on animal bones and silk before they ___41___ (write) on paper. But now many ___42___ character has a “new container” in the modern age.  Recently, a research team, drawing every little bit of ___43___ (inspire) from Xunzi, an outstanding Confucian philosopher during the late Warring States Period (475-221 BC), has rolled out Xunzi, a large language model (LLM) and Xunzi Chat in association with a leading ancient Chinese text publisher. When ___44___ (ask) why, the team leader explained, “Characters  set invertical layout (竖版), the absence of pausing and punctuation are all holding readers back.” ___45___ (create) Xunzi the LLM, the team first did a lot of research. Since2013, they’ve sweated ___46___ (heavy) to digitize Chinese classics like the SikuQuanshu. “The hard work involves a large-scale pool of two billion Chinese characters, ___47___ has laid a solid foundation for the LLM.” Their efforts seem to have paid off. Currently, Xunzi the LLM can translate, punctuate ___48___ understand some ancient Chinese texts. The model can help us mine for more information hidden in our cultural legacy and find unnoticed models and connections. The team have shared the LLM on GitHub and other websites, ___49___ (allow) users to download and use it for free. They’re committed to the philosophy of making the data and model ___50___ (access) globally. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。 My grandfather, a retired teacher, is in his early eighty. Though problems came along with age, he never gives up learning. That he enjoys most in his spare time is picking up a book to read it, with glasses on. Wherever he meets new words, he will look them up in a dictionary. His thirsty for knowledge has great influenced me and my brother. As a result, we have made up our minds study hard and both of us agreed with the dream of being teachers in the future. Now we’re looking forward to making it realize. 第二节：书面表达(满分25分) 52. 你校英文报将以“Goodbye to My High School Life”为题，面向高三学生举办征文比赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1. 你的学习态度和经历； 2. 你的感悟。 注意： 1. 词数100左右; 2. 题目已你写好。 Goodbye to My High School Life ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 听力答案：1-5 ABCCA 6-10 CBABB 11-15 BAACC 16-20 BCBAA 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 达州市普通高中2024届第二次诊断性测试 英语试题 该试卷由四部分组成。第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名、考号用0.5毫米的黑色签字笔填写在答题卡上，并检查条形码粘贴是否正确。 2．选择题(1-60)使用2B 铅笔填涂在答题卡对应题目标号的位置上，非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色签字笔书写在答题卡的对应题框内，超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。 3．考试结束以后，将答题卡收回。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例: How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.15. C. £9.18. 答案是B. 1. What’s the man worried about? A. A coming lecture. B. The students’ behavior. C. Customs in a foreign country. 2. Where will the woman stay? A. At a hotel. B. At a guesthouse. C. At a backpacker hostel. 3. How will the man go home? A. He will take a bus. B. His mother will pick him up. C. Jane’s mother will drive him home. 4. When should the man take the cake out? A. In 15minutes. B. In 30 minutes. C. In 45minutes. 5. What is the weather like in the woman’s city? A. Changeable. B. Cold. C. Windy. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 6. What does the man advise the woman to study? A. French. B. German. C. Russian. 7. Why does the man recommend the language? A. To become popular. B. To obtain good jobs. C. To go abroad. 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。. 8. What is the woman? A. A shop assistant. B. A repairer. C. A manager. 9. Why can’t the man ask his money back? A. He damaged the camera. B. He bought the camera on sale. C. He bought the camera over a week ago. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What does the man think of the article the woman mentions? A. Quite reasonable. B. Not quite right. C. Completely wrong. 11. What do we know about the woman? A. She has cut back on coffee. B. She has difficulty in sleeping. C. She prefers drinking green tea. 12. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Doctor and patient. C. Waitress and customer. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At a clinic. B. At home. C. In a restaurant. 14. How often does the woman shower? A. Once a day. B. Twice a day. C. Three times a day. 15. What is the man’s advice? A. Not using body washes. B. Choosing the good-smelling soap. C. Washing hair two or three times a week. 16. What is the final topic between the speakers? A. The way to keep the hair healthy. B. The time spent on taking a shower. C. The effect of water temperature on skin. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What was interesting in the speaker’s work? A. Tasting delicious foods. B. Traveling around the world. C. Meeting people in fancy clothes. 18. Which trip brought the speaker the most money? A. The one to the club. B. The one to the airport. C. The one to the restaurant. 19. Why did the speaker give up the job? A. He felt tired. B. He was too old. C. He hated traffic jams. 20. What is mainly talked about in this passage? A. The man’s job. B. The man’s cab. C. The man’s passengers. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A STEM Competitions for Students NSTA Explora Vision Are you interested in what the future holds? Consider Explora Vision’s STEM (science, technology, engineering & mathematics) competition. Working in teams of two to four, students will research a particular technology and assess the ways in which it may impact lives moving forward. Participants are required to write a paper and draw web pages communicating their vision. Grades: 7th-9th and 10th-12th Competition Type: Regional and national eCyberMission You can participate in this competition without leaving the house. eCyberMission is a web-based contest in which participants — working in teams of two to four students — use science, math and technology to solve problems facing their communities. First-place winners receive $1,000. Grades:9th Competition Type: Regional, state and national TEAMS Competition Held annually, TEAMS invites students to use their engineering talent to contribute to the community. Working in groups of two to four students, participants complete real-life engineering challenges. The competition includes multiple-choice questions, an essay and a design-build component. Grades: 9th-12th Competition Type: State and national The Conrad Challenge In this challenge, participants work in teams of two to five students to develop products or services in response to key issues facing people around the world. The Conrad Challenge empowers students to take control of their learning and apply it to real-life situations. Winners are eligible (有资格的) for scholarships, patent assistance and aid in creating companies. Grades: 9th-12th Competition Type: International 1. What does NSTA Explora Vision’s STEM competition focus on? A. Engineering innovation. B. Students’ paper writing skills. C. New technology shaping the future. D Students’ ability in web page design. 2. What do the four STEM competitions have in common? A. Winners will get a big cash prize. B. They are all national competitions. C. Participants are required to work in teams. D. Participants must solve real-life problems. 3. Which competition involves foreign students? A. NSTA ExploraVision. B. eCvberMission. C. TEAMS Competition. D. The Conrad Challenge. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍的是STEM学生竞赛的相关信息。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据NSTA ExploraVision部分中的“Working in teams of two to four, students will research a particular technology and assess the ways in which it may impact lives moving forward.(学生们将以2到4人为一组，研究一项特定的技术，并评估它可能影响未来生活的方式)”可知，NSTA ExploraVision竞赛是研究一项新技术，并评估它影响未来生活的方式。由此可知，NSTA ExploraVision竞赛专注于塑造未来的新技术。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据NSTA ExploraVision部分中的“Working in teams of two to four, students will research a particular technology and assess the ways in which it may impact lives moving forward.(学生们将以2到4人为一组，研究一项特定的技术，并评估它可能影响未来生活的方式)”可知，NSTA ExploraVision竞赛中参与者以2到4人为一组，研究一项特定的影响未来的技术；根据eCyberMission部分中的“eCyberMission is a web-based con test in which participants — working in teams of two to four students —use science, math and technology to solve problems facing their communities.(eCyberMission是一项基于网络的竞赛，参赛者以2至4名学生为一组，利用科学、数学和技术来解决他们所在社区面临的问题)”可知，eCyberMission竞赛中的参与者以2至4名学生为一组来解决他们所在社区面临的问题；根据TEAMS Competition部分中的“Working in groups of two to four students, participants complete real-life engineering challenges.(参与者以2至4名学生为一组，完成现实生活中的工程挑战)”可知，参与者以2至4名学生为一组完成工程挑战；根据The Conrad Challenge部分中的“In this challenge, participants work in teams of two to five students to develop products or services in response to key issues facing people around the world.(在这个挑战中，参与者以2到5名学生为小组，开发产品或服务，以应对世界各地人们面临的关键问题)”可知，该竞赛中参与者以2到5名学生为小组开发产品。由此可知，这四项竞赛的共同之处在于参与者均是以团队合作的形式工作。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据The Conrad Challenge部分中的“Competition Type: International(比赛类型：国际)”可知，该项竞赛是属于国际性质的比赛类型。由此可知，该项比赛中应有外国学生参与。故选D项。 B Though it’s common that new scientists get international experience as part of their postdoctoral work, acquiring international exposure during one’s PhD study is less common. But it can be rewarding. I’m in the final year of my PhD course in experimental physics. The PhD program is based at Loughborough University, the UK, but a big part of my experimental work is at the Max Planck Institute in Germany. Coming from England just after my bachelor’s degree in physics was a big step and somewhat risky. I wasn’t sure if it would help my career or suit my personal style. I was faced with a number of questions. My supervisors (导师), one in England and one in Germany, gave me great freedom to pick research topics and carry out my research at another institute. I was excited about going to the Max Planck Institute. Once the long road of the PhD is complete, I hope to have the confidence to compete in an increasingly multinational field in order to secure postdoctoral positions. Although moving abroad means reduced contact with my home university and research community, attending conferences in Britain has helped me network and develop a sense of community. It took some time to settle down, find an apartment, and get used to the local life, surroundings and a different language. In the lab, a simple task was complicated by the language barrier. Still, with persistence, it was an enriching experience both personally and professionally. The Max Planck Institute provided not only an exciting environment, but enough funding that helped expand the output of my research considerably. I had access to equipment and resources hard to find at many institutions. Thus far, I have no regrets. Doing a PhD abroad has improved my knowledge of physics and clarified my career aspirations (抱负). 4. How does the author find doing PhD study abroad? A. Very useful. B. Pretty common. C. Extremely difficult. D. Absolutely necessary. 5. What happened to the author when he first studied in Germany? A. He chose a difficult research topic. B. He had a hard time finding friends. C. He made some mistakes in his study. D. He became confused about his study and life. 6. How did the author’s experience in Britain help him adapt to the new life? A. By making him confident. B. By teaching him to socialize. C. By pulling him out of his comfort zone. D. By helping him find his passion for life. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Seeking a PhD Abroad B. Following the Desired Career Path C. Finding a Place to Further PhD Study D Breaking through the Language Barriers 【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者正在实验物理博士课程的最后一年，出国读博经历让作者受益良多，文章对此进行了讲述。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Though it’s common that new scientists get international experience as part of their postdoctoral work, acquiring international exposure during one’s PhD study is less common. But it can be rewarding.(虽然作为博士后工作的一部分，新科学家获得国际经验是很常见的，但在博士学习期间获得国际曝光却不太常见。但它也可能是有益的。)”可知，作者认为国外读博是有用的。故选A。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“I wasn’t sure if it would help my career or suit my personal style. I was faced with a number of questions.(我不确定这是否对我的事业有帮助或适合我的个人风格。我面临着许多问题。)”可知，作者最初在德国学习时对自己的学习和生活感到困惑。故选D。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Although moving abroad means reduced contact with my home university and research community, attending conferences in Britain has helped me network and develop a sense of community.(虽然移居国外意味着减少与我家乡的大学和研究团体的联系，但在英国参加会议帮助我建立了关系网，培养了一种社区意识。)”可知，作者在英国的经历教会他如何社交，从而帮助他适应新生活。故选B。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“I’m in the final year of my PhD course in experimental physics.(我是在实验物理博士课程的最后一年。)”和最后一段“Thus far, I have no regrets. Doing a PhD abroad has improved my knowledge of physics and clarified my career aspirations (抱负).(到目前为止，我没有后悔。在国外读博提高了我的物理知识，也明确了我的职业抱负。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者在国外读博的经历。故选A。 C “I spilled soup all over the table, but it wasn’t my fault”. “I got into trouble at school, but it wasn’t my fault.” Such statements are often heard. “It’s not my fault” is actually a common response for so many people and especially teenagers. Parents complain that they’re tired of the “excuses”. The reason why variations of “it’s not my fault” are so popular is that they get us out of guilt, blame and anger. Those emotions may come from others’ reactions or our own self-talks. In the case of adolescents, they are often trying to escape responsibility and punishment for mistakes. Some teens would benefit from decreasing their self-blame. Those who blame themselves for things that they can’t control tend to be highly self-critical and are more likely to be anxious. Many teens overly rely on “it’s not my fault”. However, overuse of the phrase can result in feelings of helplessness to control their own lives. Besides, “it’s not my fault” focuses a teen’s attention on what is done as opposed to what needs to be done. In trying to get them to assume responsibility, many parents attempt to convince their children that something is their fault, but the approach tends to be ineffective. A more effective approach is to face up to drawbacks to find solutions to the drawbacks actively. People may not have caused all their problems, but they have to solve them anyway. Getting stuck in sharing blame often keeps people from moving forward effectively. What does one do if he is pushed into a deep lake? One could certainly stay in water, yelling, “It’s not my fault.” However, that is not going to get him out of water. At some point, he needs to swim to shore, regardless of the fault. Like most things in life, freeing ourselves from blame has its advantages and disadvantages. The question isn’t what is “right”, but what is most effective in moving forward. 8. Who is likely to rely on “it’s not my fault”? A. A highly self-critical teenager. B. A teenager unwilling to admit a fault. C. A teenager facing up to his responsibilities. D. A teenager anxious about uncontrollable things. 9. What is the author’s advice on getting teens to assume responsibility? A. Letting them focus on what is done. B. Persuading them to admit their fault. C. Making them correct the mistake actively. D. Helping them analyze the reason for the mistake. 10. Why does the author raise such a question in Paragraph 5? A. To put forward a new solution to drawbacks. B. To show handling problems should come first. C. To explain why teenagers get stuck in sharing blame. D. To analyze what kind of problem is caused by others. 11. What is the author’s purpose in writing this text? A. To help teenagers out of self-blame. B. To tell parents how to educate children. C. To help teenagers face mistakes properly. D. To tell children to do self-talks consciously. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是许多家长对孩子“这不是我的过失”的陈述感到无奈，作者认为这种陈述有坏的一面也有好的一面，但重要的是让孩子正确面对错误，不断进步。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The reason why variations of “it’s not my fault” are so popular is that they get us out of guilt, blame and anger.(各种各样的“这不是我的错”之所以如此流行，是因为它们能让我们摆脱内疚、责备和愤怒。)”可知，“这不是我的错”能使我们摆脱内疚、责备和愤怒，所以才会如此流行，结合下文中的“In the case of adolescents, they are often trying to escape responsibility and punishment for mistakes.(就青少年而言，他们常常试图逃避责任和对错误的惩罚。)”可知，青少年这样做就是为了逃避责任和对错误的惩罚，由此可知，那些不愿意承认错误的人很可能依赖于说“这不是我的错”。故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“In trying to get them to assume responsibility, many parents attempt to convince their children that something is their fault, but the approach tends to be ineffective. A more effective approach is to face up to drawbacks to find solutions to the drawbacks actively.(为了让孩子承担责任，许多父母试图让孩子相信有些事情是他们的错，但这种方法往往是无效的。更有效的方法是正视缺点，积极寻找解决办法。)”可知，很多家长用各种方法让孩子相信有些事情是他们的错，但这些经常是无效的，更有效的方法是让孩子正视缺点，主动寻找解决的方法，由此可知，作者建议让他们主动改正错误。故选C项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“People may not have caused all their problems, but they have to solve them anyway. Getting stuck in sharing blame often keeps people from moving forward effectively.(人们可能不是所有问题的始作俑者，但无论如何他们必须解决问题。陷入互相指责的困境往往会阻碍人们有效地向前发展。)”可知，作者认为不论错误是谁的，都必须先要解决为题，否则会阻碍人们有效向前发展，进而在下文中提出问题“What does one do if he is pushed into a deep lake?(如果一个人被推入深湖中，他会怎么做?)”并进行分析，结合下文中的“At some point, he needs to swim to shore, regardless of the fault.(在某个时刻，他需要游到岸边，不管是谁的错误。)”可知，不管谁的错都应先游到岸边，综合以上信息可知，作者提及这个问题是为了表明首先要解决问题，而不是追究谁的责任。故选B项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据尾段“Like most things in life, freeing ourselves from blame has its advantages and disadvantages. The question isn’t what is “right”, but what is most effective in moving forward.(就像生活中的大多数事情一样，把自己从责备中解脱出来既有好处也有坏处。问题不在于什么是“正确的”，而在于什么是最有效的前进方式。)”可知，把自己从责备中解脱出来有好处也有坏处，但问题的根本不在于什么是正确的，而是什么是最有效的前进方式，结合上文中对“不是我的错”这一流行陈述的好处和坏处的分析，并用提问的方式表明无论谁的错，都应该先要解决问题，不断前进，所以本文的写作目的是帮助青少年如何正确地面对错误。故选C项。 D With the ocean covering more than 70% of the Earth’s surface the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said scientists and researchers had depended on sonar (声呐) technologies to understand and map the sea floor which had charted only about 10% of the world’s ocean. For the ocean and coastal waters in the US, the number is just around 35%. We know less about our planet’s ocean than what we know about the far side of the moon or the surface of Mars. Part of the reason for the lack of observation is the challenge of powering an underwater camera. Researchers have used ships to recharge cameras or observed with a camera tied to a ship to solve the issue, which is expensive and unsuitable for long-term observations. Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken a major step to iron out this problem by developing a battery-free, wireless underwater camera that could harvest energy underwater on its own for long periods. To keep power consumption as low as possible, the researchers used off-the-shelf, ultra-low-power imaging sensors. The device takes color photos, even in dark underwater environments, and sends image data wirelessly through the water. The camera is powered by sound. It changes mechanical energy from sound waves traveling through water into electrical energy that powers its imaging and communications equipment. After getting and encoding image data, the camera also uses sound waves to send the data to a receiver that reconstructs the image. Those sound waves could come from any source, like a passing ship or marine life. As it doesn’t need a power source, the camera could run for weeks on end before getting it back, enabling scientists to search remote parts of the ocean for new species. Now that researchers have demonstrated a working prototype (原型), they plan to enhance the device so it is practical in real-world settings. For future application, these cameras may be used to take images of ocean pollution and create more accurate models to monitor climate change to better understand how climate change impacts the underwater world, and advance various undersea scientific fields. 12. What do the data in paragraph 1 mainly show? A. Undersea exploration is poor in the US. B. Much of the planet’s ocean remains unexplored. C. The mapping of the sea floor is time-consuming. D. Technology development matters a lot to sea observation. 13. What limits the researchers’ undersea exploration according to the text? A. The complexity of the sea environment. B. The concern about potential sea pollution. C. The shortage of investment in ocean exploration. D. The inability to effectively power underwater cameras. 14. What does the underlined phrase “iron out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Overcome. B. Face. C. Analyze. D. Illustrate. 15. Which of the following can best describe the MIT underwater camera? A. Secure and stable. B. Expensive but effective. C. Impractical but advanced. D. Self-sufficient and energy-saving. 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是麻省理工学院的研究人员开发了一种将声波在水中传播的机械能转化为电能，为成像和通信设备提供动力的无线水下相机。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据首段“With the ocean covering more than 70% of the Earth’s surface, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said scientists and researchers had depended on sonar (声呐) technologies to understand and map the sea floor which had charted only about 10% of the world’s ocean. For the ocean and coastal waters in the US, the number is just around 35%.(由于海洋覆盖了地球表面的70%以上，美国国家海洋和大气管理局表示，科学家和研究人员依靠声纳技术来了解和绘制海底地图，而海底地图只占世界海洋面积的10%左右。对于美国的海洋和沿海水域，这一数字仅为35%左右。)”可知，海洋占地球表面面积的70%，而科学家和研究人员依靠声纳技术来了解和绘制的海底地图只占10%左右，美国海域，这一数字也只占35%左右，这些数据表明了地球上的大部分海洋仍未被探索。故选B项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Part of the reason for the lack of observation is the challenge of powering an underwater camera.(缺乏观察的部分原因是水下摄像机的供电困难。)”可知，缺乏对海洋观察的部分原因是水下摄像机的供电困难，由此可知，无法有效地为水下摄像机提供动力限制了研究者的海底探索。故选D项。 【14题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Part of the reason for the lack of observation is the challenge of powering an underwater camera.(缺乏观察的部分原因是水下摄像机的供电困难。)”可知，无法有效地为水下摄像机提供动力限制了研究者的海底探索，结合画线短语前的“Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken a major step(最近，麻省理工学院的研究人员迈出了重要的一步)”可知，就这个问题麻省理工学院的研究人员迈出了重要的一步。结合画线短语后的“by developing a battery-free, wireless underwater camera that could harvest energy underwater on its own for long periods.(他们开发了一种无需电池的无线水下相机，这种相机可以在水下长时间收集能量。)”可知，他们开发了一种无需电池的无线水下相机，这种相机能在水下长时间收集能量，由此推知，麻省理工学院的研究人员应该是在解决这个问题方面迈出了重要的一步，所以画线短语的意思应与“解决”意义相近。故选A项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The camera is powered by sound. It changes mechanical energy from sound waves traveling through water into electrical energy that powers its imaging and communications equipment.(这台摄像机是由声音驱动的。它将声波在水中传播的机械能转化为电能，为成像和通信设备提供动力。)”可知，该摄像机将声波转化成电能为成像和通信提供动力，由此可知，该相机可以自给自足，结合下文中的“As it doesn’t need a power source, the camera could run for weeks on end before getting it back, enabling scientists to search remote parts of the ocean for new species.(由于它不需要电源，相机可以连续运行数周才返回，使科学家能够在海洋的偏远地区寻找新物种。)”可知，这种摄像机不需要电源，所以可以节约能源。综合以上信息，该摄像机既可以自给自足又能节约能源。故选D项。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Humor can help you connect with other people and make unpleasant situations more bearable. There are things you can do to make yourself and others laugh. Read more Get your hands on everything that is funny. ____16____. Hopefully, reading good jokes might inspire you to start making up your own jokes. When reading them, try to analyse the elements that make them good jokes. Be observant While knowing a lot can increase your ability for humor, there’s no substitute for seeing a lot. Look for the humor in everyday situations. ____17____. Learn from funny people Whether they’re professional comedians, your parents or your friends, learning from funny people in your life is a key step to being funny yourself. ____18____. Keep a note of some of the funny things they say or do. This will help you develop a toolbox of techniques you can use to be funny. ____19____ Different things make different people laugh. When you’re in a group of people you don’t know, listen to what subjects they’re talking about and what’s making them laugh. The better you know them, the easier it will be to make them laugh. Trust in your inner sense of humor Being funny doesn’t come in a “one-size-fits-all” package. What makes you funny is unique to you and the way you observe the world. Trust that you do have a funny bone. ____20____ — you just need to bring it out. A. It’s already in you B. Know your audience C. Make different people laugh D. Look for what you admire most in them E. There are a lot of funny things in comedies F. You’ll become funnier by reading and practicing jokes G. The unnoticed humor right before your eyes often has the most effect 【答案】16. F 17. G 18. D 19. B 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种变得幽默的方法。 【16题详解】 根据下文“Hopefully, reading good jokes might inspire you to start making up your own jokes. (希望阅读好笑话可以激发你开始编造自己的笑话)”可知，阅读可以让人变得更加有趣，与F项“You’ll become funnier by reading and practicing jokes(通过阅读和练习笑话，你会变得更有趣)”上下文一致，符合文意，其中reading是关键词。故选F项。 【17题详解】 根据上文“While knowing a lot can increase your ability for humor, there’s no substitute for seeing a lot. Look for the humor in everyday situations. (虽然知道很多可以提高你的幽默能力，但看到很多是无可替代的。在日常生活中寻找幽默感)”可知，要善于观察，日常生活中就有幽默，与G项“The unnoticed humor right before your eyes often has the most effect(眼前不为人知的幽默往往效果最好)”上下文一致，符合文意。故选G项。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Whether they’re professional comedians, your parents or your friends, learning from funny people in your life is a key step to being funny yourself. (无论他们是专业喜剧演员、你的父母还是你的朋友，向生活中有趣的人学习是让自己变得有趣的关键一步)”可知，要向周围的人学习，与D项“Look for what you admire most in them(在他们身上寻找你最欣赏的东西)”上下文一致，符合文意。故选D项。 【19题详解】 根据下文“When you’re in a group of people you don’t know, listen to what subjects they’re talking about and what’s making them laugh. The better you know them, the easier it will be to make them laugh. (当你和一群你不认识的人在一起时，听听他们在谈论什么话题，什么让他们发笑。你越了解他们，就越容易让他们发笑)”可知，先要了解自己的受众，才能使他们感受到你的幽默而发笑。与B项“Know your audience(了解你的听众)”上下文一致，符合文意。故选B项。 【20题详解】 根据前文“Trust that you do have a funny bone. (相信你确实有幽默感)”可知，幽默感是本身就存在的，在自己的内心中，与A项“It’s already in you(它已经存在于你内心)”上下文一致，符合文意。故选A项。 第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每题1.5分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Nowadays, shopping online enjoys great popularity, but my ___21___ to clothes shopping developed via supermarkets. With four children, I spent a lot of time in supermarkets. When they started selling fashion, I found myself ___22___ out fancy items for myself. My wardrobe quickly ____23____ up. Whenever I felt bored or ____24____, I bought myself something new to wear. One day, when I ___25___ the total money I'd spent over the previous month, I got a real ____26____. So I decided to change. One New Year, I made a(n) ___27___: I would stop buying clothes for a full year. My family laughed in ___28___ because they knew how I loved to shop, but this made me more ___29___ to do that. The start of the year was especially ____30____ as all the sales were on, and I really love the ____31____. It almost made me ____32____ to see all the lovely dresses and coats, knowing I couldn't buy any of them. But I got through January, ____33____ away in February and sorted out my wardrobe in March. That was when I found ____34____ items of clothing. Some of them still had the tags (标签) on! Then I was re-wearing things that had barely seen the ____35____ of day since I'd bought them. I even wore the same dress to two parties ____36____, where I had much fun with my friends and no one ____37____ my dress. I suddenly ____38____ that I didn't need lots of new clothes. I survived my year without ____39____ clothes, and now think ____40____ before I buy anything new. 21. A. contribution B. addiction C. response D. approach 22. A. picking B. checking C. making D. carrying 23. A. broke B. ended C. filled D. shut 24. A. relaxed B. curious C. satisfied D. stressed 25. A. added up B. put aside C. handed over D. took away 26. A. trouble B. puzzle C. idea D. shock 27. A. reservation B. choice C. announcement D. prediction 28. A. confusion B. disbelief C. excitement D. embarrassment 29. A. confident B. discouraged C. determined D. interested 30. A. tough B. promising C. smooth D. amazing 31. A. dress B. item C. bargain D. store 32. A. worry B. smile C. refuse D. cry 33. A. gave B. passed C. threw D. hid 34. A. long-forgotten B. badly-treated C. well-made D. easily-obtained 35. A. color B. light C. beauty D. value 36. A. in a row B. at a distance C. in a way D. at a loss 37. A. exchanged B. liked C. mentioned D. selected 38. A. remembered B. regretted. C. imagined D. realized 39. A. wearing B. purchasing C. changing D. washing 40. A. casually B. carefully C. gradually D. constantly 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. D 34. A 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. D 39. B 40. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何克服自己对购物的沉迷，特别是买衣服的习惯，并最终学会了更加谨慎地消费。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，网上购物非常受欢迎，但是通过超市，我对买衣服上瘾了。A. contribution贡献；B. addiction成瘾；C. response回应；D. approach方法。根据下文“With four children, I spent a lot of time in supermarkets. (有四个孩子，我在超市花费了大量时间)”可知下文说的是作者花大量的时间在超市购物，可推理出作者对超市买衣服上瘾，故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当它们开始卖时尚物品时，我发现自己总是挑选一些花哨的物品给自己。A. picking挑选；B. checking检查；C. making制作；D. carrying搬运。根据上文“With four children, I spent a lot of time in supermarkets. (有四个孩子，我在超市花费了大量时间)”以及后文“fancy items for myself(花哨的物品给自己)”可知作者在超市中挑选物品给自己，故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的衣橱很快就装满了。A. broke破裂；B. ended结束；C. filled充满；D. shut关闭。根据上文“With four children, I spent a lot of time in supermarkets. (有四个孩子，我在超市花费了大量时间)”可知作者在超市花费了大量时间购买了许多花哨的物品，使得衣橱很快就装满了，故选C。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每当我感到无聊或有压力时，我就会给自己买些新衣服穿。A. relaxed放松的；B. curious好奇的；C. satisfied满意的；D. stressed有压力的。根据上文“Whenever I felt bored(当我感到无聊的时候)”以及下文“I bought myself something new to wear(我给自己买些新衣服穿)”可知作者在无聊时会购买新衣服，分析选项，D项“stressed有压力的”表达的含义符合语境，与上文“bored(无聊)”呼应，故选D。 【25题详解】 考查短语动词辨析。句意：一天，当我总计我上个月花费的总金额时，我非常震惊。A. added up总计；B. put aside留出；C. handed over交出；D. took away拿走。根据下文“the total money I’d spent over the previous month,(……我上个月花费的总钱数)”可知作者在将上个月花费的总金额合计，故选A。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. trouble麻烦；B. puzzle困惑；C. idea想法；D. shock震惊。根据下文“So I decided to change(所以我决定改变)”可知作者在算出总共的花费后，决定改变，可推理出作者对自己花费的结果感到震惊，故选D。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：新年时，我做出了一个宣告：我要停止一整年购买衣服。A. reservation预约；B. choice选择；C. announcement宣布；D. prediction预言。根据后文“I would stop buying clothes for a full year(我要停止一整年购买衣服)”可知下文说的是作者做出的一个宣告，故选C。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的家人不相信地嘲笑我，因为他们知道我多么喜欢购物，但这使我更下定决心去做。A. confusion困惑；B. disbelief不相信；C. excitement兴奋；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据下文“because they knew how I loved to shop(因为他们知道我多么喜欢购物)”可知，家人知道作者多么喜欢购物，可推理出家人对作者会做出这样的决定感到好笑，不相信，故选B。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. confident自信的；B. discouraged气馁的；C. determined坚定的；D. interested感兴趣的。根据上文“because they knew how I loved to shop(因为他们知道我多么喜欢购物)”以及转折连词but以及下文“to do that(去做那件事)”可知此处上下文说的是尽管家人们不相信，作者坚定信念要执行自己的决定，可推理出空白处应填表示“坚定的”含义的表达，故选C。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一年的开始尤其困难，因为所有的商品都在促销中，我真的很喜欢便宜货。A. tough困难的；B. promising有希望的；C. smooth顺利的；D. amazing令人惊讶的。根据后文“as all the sales were on(因为所有的商品都在促销中)”以及下文“I really love(我真的很喜欢)”可知此处说的是作者很喜欢购物，商品在促销中但是作者不能购物，可推理出作者的这一年的开始尤其困难，故选A。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. dress连衣裙；B. item项目；C. bargain便宜货；D. store商店。根据上文“as all the sales were on(因为所有的商品都在促销中)”可知上文说的是促销的便宜货，可推理出此处说的是作者喜欢便宜货，故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到所有那些可爱的裙子和外套，知道自己一件也买不了，我几乎要哭了。A. worry担心；B. smile微笑；C. refuse拒绝；D. cry哭泣。根据下文“to see all the lovely dresses and coats, knowing I couldn't buy any of them(看到所有那些可爱的裙子和外套，知道自己一件也买不了)”可知作者看到可爱的裙子和外套却不能购买，可推理出作者很难过，几乎要哭，故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我在一月份熬过来了，在二月份躲藏起来，在三月份整理了我的衣橱。A. gave给；B. passed通过；C. threw扔；D. hid隐藏。根据上文“I got through January(我度过了一月)”以及下文“away in February and sorted out my wardrobe in March(在二月……，三月整理了我的衣橱)”可知作者度过了一月，三月整理了我的衣橱，可知上下文说的是一月、三月都在没买衣服的状态下过去了，可推理出作者二月也没买衣服，分析选项，D项“hid隐藏”表达的含义符合语境，故选D。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在那时我发现了一些被遗忘已久的衣物。A. long-forgotten被遗忘已久的；B. badly-treated处理不当的；C. well-made制作精良的；D. easily-obtained容易获得的。根据下文“Some of them still had the tags on!(有些衣服还带着标签)”可知这些衣物是被遗忘已久的，故选A。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，我重新穿着那些自从我买后几乎没有见过天日的衣物。A. color颜色；B. light光；C. beauty美丽；D. value价值。根据上文“Some of them still had the tags on!(有些衣服还带着标签)”可知作者穿着那些没有穿过的衣物，可推理出此处说的是这些衣服几乎没有见过光，故选B。 【36题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：我甚至连续两次派对都穿了同一件裙子，在那里我和我的朋友们玩得很开心，而且没有人提到我的裙子。A. in a row连续；B. at a distance在远处；C. in a way在某种程度上；D. at a loss困惑。根据上文“I even wore the same dress to two parties(我甚至去两次派对都穿了同一件裙子)”可知作者两次派对都穿了同一件裙子，可推理出此处说的是连续两次穿着同一件裙子参加派对，故选A。 【37题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. exchanged交换；B. liked喜欢；C. mentioned提到；D. selected选择。根据下文“I didn't need lots of new clothes(我不需要大量的新衣服)”可知下文说的是作者认为自己不需要大量的新衣服，可推理出在派对上没有人特别关注作者的衣服，C项“mentioned提到”表达的含义符合语境，故选C。 【38题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我突然间意识到自己不需要大量的新衣服。A. remembered记得；B. regretted后悔；C. imagined想象；D. realized意识到。根据下文“I didn't need lots of new clothes(我不需要大量的新衣服)”可知下文说的是作者自己不需要大量的新衣服这个结论，这个结论是作者自己意识到的，故选D。 【39题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我成功度过了一年没有购买衣服的生活，现在在购买任何新物品之前都会仔细思考。A. wearing穿；B. purchasing购买；C. changing改变；D. washing洗。根据上文“I would stop buying clothes for a full year.(我将一整年停止购买衣服)”以及“I survived my year(我成功度过了一年)”可知作者决定一年不买衣服并成功地度过了这一年，可推理出作者一年没有购买衣服，故选B。 【40题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在，在购买任何新东西之前，我会仔细考虑。A. casually随意地；B. carefully仔细地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. constantly不断地。根据上文“I survived my year(我成功度过了一年)”以及下文“before I buy anything new(在我买任何新东西之前)”可知作者成功地度过了这一年并发生了变化，可推理出作者在购买任何新东西之前会仔细考虑，故选B。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Thousands of years ago, Chinese characters appeared on animal bones and silk before they ___41___ (write) on paper. But now many ___42___ character has a “new container” in the modern age.  Recently, a research team, drawing every little bit of ___43___ (inspire) from Xunzi, an outstanding Confucian philosopher during the late Warring States Period (475-221 BC), has rolled out Xunzi, a large language model (LLM) and Xunzi Chat in association with a leading ancient Chinese text publisher. When ___44___ (ask) why, the team leader explained, “Characters  set invertical layout (竖版), the absence of pausing and punctuation are all holding readers back.” ___45___ (create) Xunzi the LLM, the team first did a lot of research. Since2013, they’ve sweated ___46___ (heavy) to digitize Chinese classics like the SikuQuanshu. “The hard work involves a large-scale pool of two billion Chinese characters, ___47___ has laid a solid foundation for the LLM.” Their efforts seem to have paid off. Currently, Xunzi the LLM can translate, punctuate ___48___ understand some ancient Chinese texts. The model can help us mine for more information hidden in our cultural legacy and find unnoticed models and connections. The team have shared the LLM on GitHub and other websites, ___49___ (allow) users to download and use it for free. They’re committed to the philosophy of making the data and model ___50___ (access) globally. 【答案】41. were written 42. a 43. inspiration 44. asked 45. To create 46. heavily 47. which 48. and 49. allowing 50. accessible 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了一个研究团队近期推出的一项结合古代哲学思想与现代技术的创新项目——古籍大语言模型“荀子”，这是国内首个专门应用于古籍处理与研究的智能工具。 【41题详解】 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在写在纸上之前，几千年前，汉字就出现在了兽骨和丝绸上。根据句意和时间状语Thousands of years ago可知，句子时态应用一般过去时，且they指代Chinese characters，与write“写”之间为被动关系，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were written。 【42题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：但在现代社会，许多汉字有了一个“新容器”。many a“许多”为固定短语。故填a。 【43题详解】 考查名词。句意：最近，一个研究小组从战国末期（公元前475-221年）杰出的儒家哲学家荀子身上汲取了一点灵感，与一家领先的中国古籍出版商合作，推出了一个大型语言模型（LLM）“荀子”以及Xunzi Chat（荀子聊天）。介词of后接名词作宾语，inspiration意为“灵感”，是不可数名词。故填inspiration。 【44题详解】 考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当被问及为何这样做时，团队负责人解释说：“竖版排列的字符，没有停顿和标点符号，都阻碍了读者。”当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致且含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，本句中ask与the team leader之间是被动关系，从句用一般过去时的被动语态，因此从句完整形式为“When the team leader was asked”，省略后保留过去分词asked。故填asked。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了创造荀子这个大型语言模型，团队首先做了大量的研究。本句谓语为did，此处为非谓语动词，应用create“创造”的不定式，作目的状语。故填To create。 【46题详解】 考查副词。句意：自2013年以来，他们为数字化《四库全书》等中国经典付出了大量辛勤的努力。修饰动词sweated，应用副词heavily，意为“大量地”，作状语。故填heavily。 【47题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这项艰苦的工作涉及一个包含20亿个汉字的大规模库，这为大型语言模型奠定了坚实的基础。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 【48题详解】 考查连词。句意：目前，“荀子”大型语言模型可以翻译、断句并理解一些古代汉语文本。translate、punctuate和understand是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 【49题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该团队已在GitHub和其他网站上分享了这个大型语言模型，允许用户免费下载和使用。本句谓语为have shared，此处为非谓语动词，且allow“允许”与逻辑主语The team之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，作状语。故填allowing。 【50题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们致力于让数据和模型在全球范围内可访问的理念。本空用access的形容词accessible，意为“可访问的”，作宾语the data and model的补足语。故填accessible。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。 My grandfather, a retired teacher, is in his early eighty. Though problems came along with age, he never gives up learning. That he enjoys most in his spare time is picking up a book to read it, with glasses on. Wherever he meets new words, he will look them up in a dictionary. His thirsty for knowledge has great influenced me and my brother. As a result, we have made up our minds study hard and both of us agreed with the dream of being teachers in the future. Now we’re looking forward to making it realize. 【答案】eighty→ eighties came→ come That→ What 去掉it Wherever→When/Whenever thirsty→thirst great→greatly minds后接to with→on realize→realized 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了80多岁爱学习的祖父对作者的影响。 【详解】1.考查数词。句意：我的祖父是一名退休教师，80多岁了。in one's +整十的复数的意思是:表示在某人几十岁时。故eighty改为 eighties。 2．考查时态。句意：尽管问题随着年龄的增长而出现，但他从未放弃学习。本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时，故came改为 come。 3．考查连接词。句意：他在业余时间最喜欢的事情就是戴上眼镜，拿起一本书来读。本句为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，连接词为what。故That改为What。 4．考查句子结构。句意：他在业余时间最喜欢的事情就是戴上眼镜，拿起一本书来读。a book 与read为动宾关系，此处是不定式作后置定语，所以it多余。故去掉it。 5．考查从属连词。句意：每当他遇到生词，他就查字典。根据句意可知，本句为when或者whenever引导的时间状语从句。故Wherever改为When/Whenever。 6．考查名词。句意：他对知识的渴望对我和我哥哥都有很大的影响。形容词物主代词his后接抽象名词thirst作主语。故thirsty改为thirst。 7．考查副词。句意：他对知识的渴望对我和我哥哥都有很大的影响。副词greatly作状语修饰动词。故great改为greatly。 8．考查不定式。句意：因此，我们下定决心努力学习，我们都有成为老师的梦想。make up one ‘s mind to do sth下定决心做某事。故minds后接to。 9．考查介词。句意：因此，我们下定决心努力学习，我们都有成为老师的梦想。表示“就……达成一致”，用agree on。故with改为on。 10. 考查非谓语。句意：现在我们期待着实现它。it与realize为被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故realize改为realized。 第二节：书面表达(满分25分) 52. 你校英文报将以“Goodbye to My High School Life”为题，面向高三学生举办征文比赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1. 你的学习态度和经历； 2. 你的感悟。 注意： 1. 词数100左右; 2. 题目已为你写好。 Goodbye to My High School Life ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Goodbye to My High School Life As we know, senior high school is an exciting yet challenging phase of every teenager’s life. Meanwhile, It is a time of self-discovery, learning, and growth. At first, I didn’t adjust myself well to the senior high school life. In comparison, senior high school is more challenging. As a consequence, I occasionally got tired from overwork and lack of sleep. In spite of the stress in learning, never did I give up my dream. Determined to enter a key university, I have been making efforts to improve myself. Looking back on the past, I am full of nostalgia for the past high school life. All in all, my senior high school life has been and will be an enriching and transformative experience. I will never forget it. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。校英文报以“Goodbye to My High School Life”为题，面向高三学生举办征文比赛，要求考生写一篇短文参赛。 【详解】1.词汇积累 放弃：give up→abandon 与此同时：meanwhile →at the same time 提高：improve→promote 努力：make efforts to do...→ spare no efforts to do... 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In spite of the stress in learning, never did I give up my dream.. 拓展句：Although I once encountered the stress in learning, I never gave up my dream. 【点睛】【高分句型1】As we know, senior high school is an exciting yet challenging phase of every teenager’s life.（运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】In spite of the stress in learning, never have I given up my dream.（运用了否定词放句首时引起的部分倒装） 听力答案：1-5 ABCCA 6-10 CBABB 11-15 BAACC 16-20 BCBAA 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$