暑假作业08 动词不定式和动名词(单句语法填空+语篇语法填空)-【暑假分层作业】2024年高一英语暑假培优练（译林版2020）

暑假作业08 动词不定式和动名词 (单句语法填空+语篇语法填空) 考点一：动词不定式 (一)动词不定式的时态和语态 语态 时态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done (二)动词不定式的基本用法 1.作主语 (1) 动词不定式作主语时，一般表示具体的或一次性的动作。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词通常用单数。 注意：很多情况下，作主语的动词不定式都可以用动名词替代，但表示某些具体情况，或表示较强烈的对比，或在某些固定说法中时，通常不用动名词替代。 To know everything is to know nothing. 样样皆通，样样稀松。 (2) 若不定式太长，则往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，不定式移至谓语之后，以使句子结构平衡。其常见句型有以下4种： It +be+形容词+(for/of sb.) to do sth. It+be+名词+ to do sth. It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. It made sb. + adj. + to do sth. It is a great honour to hear you speak so highly of me. 听到你这么夸奖是我莫大的荣幸。 注意：若说明不定式动作对于执行者的影响，常在不定式前加for sb.。但是以形容词作表语来说明主语的行为品质时(如kind，goodnice，wise，clever，silly，wrong right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, polite, agreeable等)，不定式前加of sb. It was kind of Harry to give up his seat in the bus to the old woman. 哈里真善良，在公共汽车上把座位让给了那位老太太。 Linda’s birthday party is to be held next Friday. 琳达的生日聚会将于下星期五举行。(表示将来发生的被动动作) 2.作宾语 (1)在afford，agree，arrange，choose，claim，desire，expect，fail，hope，intend，offer，pretend，promise，refuse，wish，determine等动词后常接动词不定式作宾语。 To my great disappointment，he refused to accept my invitation. 令我大失所望的是，他拒绝接受我的邀请。 The novelist decided to break with the rigid rules and advocate innovation. 这位小说家决定打破陈规，提倡创新。 (2)可用于“动词+ it+形容词／名词+to do sth. ”结构中的动词有feel, find, make, think, believe, consider等。 (3)以动词不定式作宾语的形容词有happy，glad，pleased，sure，ready，anxious，eager，free，afraid，willing等。 (4)有些介词后也可以不定式作宾语，如介词but，about，except，save等。 3.作表语 (1) 动词不定式作表语，可以说明主语的具体内容，还可以表示目的、结果、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿等，其主语通常为task，aim，purpose，wish，dream，duty，plan，hope，job，problem等名词，或是what引导的名词性从句。不定式作表语时，主语和表语有时可以交换位置，其意思不变。 The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it. 人生重要的事是有一个伟大的目标，以及实现它的决心。 What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我建议马上开始工作。 (2) 动词不定式作表语省略to的情况 动词不定式作表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略，但当主语部分含有从句且从句谓语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式符号to可以省略。 All we need to do is (to) live each day with passion. 我们需要做的就是充满激情地过好每一天。 4.作定语 动词不定式作定语常表示将要发生的事 I have something unusual to do before going back. 回去之前我有些不寻常的事要做。 His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 他的第一本书将于下月出版，这本书是根据一个真实故事写成的。 【拓展延伸】 (1)不定式与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，不定式后接的若是不及物动词，在动词后加上合适的介词。 (2)数词和最高级后常接不定式，如the first，the second，the last，the best等。 (3)有些名词后常接不定式，如time，way，right，chance，reason等。 5.作状语 (1)动词不定式作状语可以表示目的或者出乎意料的结果，表示结果时，不定式前常加only。 To dig up more clues，he collected and studied a lot of information. 为了挖掘更多的线索，他收集和研究了大量的信息。 He hurried to the train station，only to find the train had left. 他匆忙赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。 (2)不定式作原因状语，常用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。 I’m disappointed to hear you lack the patience. 听到你缺乏耐心我很失望。 6.作宾语补足语 1. 在expect，forbid，force，order，permit，request，warn，invite等动词后，常接“名词/代词＋动词不定式”结构，动词不定式作宾语补足语。如： We can always expect him to help us whenever we are in trouble. 每当我们遇到困难的时候，我们总是可以指望他帮助我们。 I sincerely invite you to participate in the activity to be held by our school. 我真诚地邀请你参加我们学校举办的活动。 2. 在see，hear，notice，watch，feel等动词后，可以接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示动作的整个过程。 I saw him cross the street and enter a shop. 我看见他穿过马路然后进了一家商店。 [温馨提示]“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。 The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态) 有人看见小偷进了银行。 考点二： 动名词 动名词也属于非谓语动词，它具有名词和动词的特点，它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。此外，它也有时态和语态的变化，还有复合结构的用法。 (一)、动名词的时态和语态 语态 形式 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 否定式：not + 动名词 (二)动名词的基本用法 1.作主语 (1)动词-ing形式作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词多用单数形式，其被动形式为being done。常放到句首。 Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。 Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.不给予足够的赞扬和给予太多(赞扬)一样有害。 Being praised by his teachers made him regain his confidence.被老师表扬使他重获自信。 温馨提示： 意义不同的两个动词-ing形式并列作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。 Painting and collecting stamps are his hobbies.画画和收集邮票是他的爱好。 (2)形式主语it代替v.-ing形式作主语。 此类句式常见的有： It’s a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间的。 It’s useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事是没用/值得的。 It’s no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思。 It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you.等待别人为你做决定是没有用的。 It is a waste of time persuading such a stubborn person to join us.劝说如此固执的一个人加入我们是浪费时间。 Just as the saying goes，it is no use crying over spilt milk.俗话说：覆水难收。 (3)动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语时的两种形式：①形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing形式；②名词(有生命的名词)’s＋动词-ing形式。 Their failing in the examination made them all very disappointed.考试失败使他们都很失望。 Mary’s coming here in time made everyone present happy.玛丽的及时到来让在场的每一个人都很高兴。 2.作宾语 (1)常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语) appreciate(欣赏)，consider(考虑)，delay(推迟)，avoid(避免)，finish(完成)，imagine(想象)，miss(错过)，mean(意味着)，resist(抗拒)，risk(冒险)，suggest(建议)，mind(介意)，escape(避开)，admit(承认)，allow(允许)，give up(放弃)，insist on(坚决要求)，feel like(想要)，be used to(习惯于)，lead to(导致)，look forward to(期待，盼望)等。 He got well-prepared for the interview，for he couldn’t risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次面试做好了准备，因为他不能冒险失去这一良机。 Do you mind passing me that dictionary?你把那本词典递给我好吗？ I have been looking forward to hearing from you.我一直盼望着收到你的来信。 She can’t stand being looked down upon in public.(被动形式being done也可作宾语)她忍受不了当众被人看不起。 2. 作介词的宾语 动词-ing形式位于介词之后，构成介词短语，在句中作定语或状语。 These measures have created conditions for raising the output of steel.这些措施为提高钢的产量创造了条件。 One never loses by doing a good turn.[谚]行善者绝无一失。 After looking at his watch，he hurried to the station.看了看表后，他匆忙赶往车站。 He would never think of giving up this project.他决不会考虑放弃这个项目。 【归纳拓展】在以下结构中，动词-ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略 spend...(in) doing sth花费……做某事 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth做……有困难/麻烦 stop/prevent...(from) doing sth阻止……做某事 waste time (in) doing sth浪费时间做某事 be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事 have a good/hard time (in) doing sth高兴做某事/费力做某事 There is no point (in) doing sth做某事毫无意义。 He is always busy working every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child.他每天总是忙于工作，这使他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。 Now that we have finished our work，there is no point staying any longer.既然我们已经完成了工作，再待下去就没有意义了。 3. 动词-ing形式的复合结构作宾语 作宾语的动词-ing形式的复合结构的肯定形式为： ＋动词-ing形式 Would you mind my/me closing the window? 你介意我关上窗户吗？ Would you mind Mary’s/Mary closing the window? 你介意玛丽关上窗户吗？ 疑难指津　动词-ing形式的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词/名词的所有格＋not doing...。 考点三、不定式和动名词的区别 A.从含义上，不定式：具体某一次的动作； 动名词：抽象的一般行为、习惯 I love swimming, but I don't love to swim in this dirty river. 注意：平衡原则：当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式。 To live is to struggle. Seeing is believing. B. 作主语时：动名词：表抽象和经验 不定式：表具体动作 Smoking is prohibited here. (抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring. 在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。 (经验) It took me only five minutes to finish the job.　(具体)　 C. 有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有： 动词 宾语的形式 意义 forget to do 忘记做…… doing 忘记做过…… remember to do 记着要去做…… doing 记得做过…… regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做…… doing 后悔做了…… try to do 尽力做…… doing 尝试做…… mean to do 打算做…… doing 意味着…… go on to do 接着做(另外一件事) doing 接着做(同一件事) stop to do 停下来去做…… doing 停止做…… Please remember to give my best regards to your family.请记着代我向你的家人问好。 I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。 D. 下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。 need/want/require/deserve doing＝need/want/require/deserve to be done The bike needs repairing/to be repaired. 这辆自行车需要修理。 单句语法填空 1. The play to be produced next month aims mainly ________(promote) the local culture. 2. At first, Ryan’s plan was to earn money ________(build) a single well somewhere in Africa. 3. The well­designed gallery houses 2,000 works of modern art and is worthy ________(visit). 4. The festivals is ________(hold) next Friday. 5. He has become the first American scientist ________(award) a Nobel prize. 6. The tunes are easy ________(sing), and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought. 7. She has a strong desire ________(catch) up on her reading during the holidays. 8. I really don’t know who ________(ask) for help in this city. 9. We rushed to the airport only ________(tell) that the plane had just taken off. 10. She doesn’t like ________(label) as an incapable woman. 11. I can’t go to the cinema on time with all these dishes ________(wash). 12. Recently, Andy has flown back to Beijing ________(promote) her new album. 13. They arrived at the airport, only ________(find) the flight had been canceled due to the snowstorm. 14. It is essential for the figures ________(update) on a regular basis, which is important for our research. 15. All we have to do for our students is ________(aid) them in learning English with a comparative method. 16. 30% of American teenagers admit ________(lie) about their age to gain success to some websites. 17. In order to escape ________(catch), the thief hid himself among the trees. 18. Mary, who is disabled, is strongly opposed to ________(treat) unfairly by others. 19. On hearing the joke we couldn’t help ________(laugh). 20. With the ________(raise) of standards of this school, more and more parents are trying their best to send their children to study here. 21. This includes keeping the original environment from ________(touch). 22. My kid spends hours ________(chat) on the phone with her friends every day. 23. No one can avoid ________(influence) by advertisements. 24. The best approach to ________(build) up your body is to do exercise every day. 25. ________(surround) yourself with positive and admirable people will result in you adopting positive values. 26. As a man, you should have the courage to admit ________(make) mistakes. 27. You can’t avoid  ________(make) mistakes in language learning. 28. Every worker looks forward to ________(have) a good boss who is kind to them. 29. With the locals explaining the customs in detail, we had no difficulty ________(figure) out the hidden spirit of the festival. 30. ________(nod) the head means saying “yes” in China. 31. Nowadays ________(掌握)a foreign language is necessary. 32. He claims that ________(quit) smoking is the easiest thing in the world, for he has done it hundreds of times. 33. After a two-day stay in Kashgar, the group will motorcycle through several other Chinese provinces before finally ________(arrive) in Laos. 34. The activities include dragon boat races and ________(eat) rice dumplings. 35. Mary, a famous actress, spends two hours every day ________(work) out to keep slim. 36. Tom is seriously considering ________(quit) his current job and using all his savings to travel around the world. 37. After briefly ________(refer) to his notes, he gave us a vivid description of his experience. 38. They have been working to prevent the environment here from ________(destroy). 39. ________ money on himself means very little to Yuan Longping. (spend) 40. I arrived at Mr Li’s office, only ________(find) it was locked. 41. On this day, the moon is said ________(be) its biggest and brightest. 42. Christopher Columbus discovered what he viewed as India on the epic voyage, only ________(inform) that what he discovered was a new land. 43. The spacecraft broke down suddenly only ________(stop)the ongoing mission. 44. ________(have) a chance to experience this, you can stop by a village pub and relax with a local beer. 45. He promised that he would do whatever he could ________(help) me, but he didn’t. 46. The problem ________(refer) to at the meeting tomorrow is about environmental pollution. 47. Jing Haipeng, who became the first taikonaut ________(go) into space for a fourth time with this mission, served as the commander and spacecraft pilot. 48. He stood up in defence of the old lady, saying she was not the one ________(blame). 49. The house ________(build) there soon will be a library for the workers. 50. She has become the first female physicist of her country ________(receive) the Prize. 语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 The animated movie “Chang'an” was a real hit last summer. It is named 1 the ancient city of Xi’an in Shaanxi province, which served as the capital of the Tang Dynasty for over 280 years. It 2 (bring) to life some of the most representative figures in Chinese literary history. The story between Gao Shi and Li Bai offers a glimpse into the poetry of the Tang Dynasty, 3 is often seen as a golden age in Chinese history due to 4 (it) economic and cultural advancement. As the unique charm and soul of the movie, 48 Tang poems help audience travel from the 5 (sand) desert frontier to the mist-filled regions south of the Yangtze River. The movie is undoubtedly a masterpiece showing the   6 (characteristic) of Chinese culture to the world. In order to 7 (accurate) convey the charm of Tang poetry and better translate the cultural context set in the dialogue, the production team invited Linda Jaivin 8 (assist) with the translation process. Linda Jaivin is 9 Australian sinologist(汉学家) and she has translated many famous Chinese films. Despite her already rich knowledge of Chinese culture, she found some poetry lines and place names to be quite challenging, 10 (require) careful and repeated consideration. Passage 2 During Chinese New Year, a balloon loong (the Chinese pronunciation of dragon) 11 (measure) over 40 meters in length glided through a shopping mall in Hong Kong. The 40-meter long loong, 12 was made up of 38,000 balloons, broke the Guinness World Record as the 13 (large) balloon loong. Balloon artist Wilson Pang, with over a decade of rich experience, realized his dream 14 (create) a loong-shaped balloon. Pang gathered a 60-member team, including students, to create the magnificent artwork. The loong project began on Jan 20, 15 the team working round the clock to finally complete a 41.77-meter balloon loong without skeleton support. The 16 (exhibit) of the loong drew large crowds of people. To thank the audience for their support, Pang printed 5,000 postcards featuring the loong and 17 (arrange) a meeting with them at the mall. “To deliver 18 warm, loving, positive message to the people of Hong Kong is what I always want to do,” Pang says. Two-thirds of the members of the team who produced the loong were students. Pang believes that 19 is important to give young people opportunities, so he 20 (special) invited college and high school students to participate in the project. Passage 3 He could still remember the day when he first met her. It was a bright morning 21 (fill) with the sweet smell of flowers in the air. While 22 (walk) along the path, he saw a girl sitting under a tree, reading a book. Her longhair flowing in the breeze, she seemed like an angel. The book she was reading, 23 classic, caught his attention. He really had a strong desire 24 (talk) to her, but he didn’t have the courage. Finally, after gathering up all his 25 (brave), he walked towards her. “Excuse me, but can I join you?” he asked. She looked up, and her big eyes, 26 were like shining stars, met his. A smile appeared on her face. “ 27 (sound) great!” she replied. For the next few hours they talked and laughed about everything, sharing their stories and dreams 28 particular. He thought that maybe this was the beginning of something wonderful, something he had been waiting for all along. 29 he didn’t know that this moment 30 (become) a memory he would hold dear for the rest of his life. －Adapted from “Wuthering Heights” Passage 4 Staying up late may work well for business professionals or 31 (lawyer), but a new study suggests it can be harmful for students. High school students 32 stay up late see their test scores fall behind their more well-rested classmates. The study, 33 (perform) by researchers at University of California, Berkeley, examined survey data from over 2,700 volunteers, whose ages ranged from thirteen   34 seventeen in the United States. Thirty percent of them admitted to bedtimes past 11:30 pm during the school year. Following the data, these night owls(夜猫子) 35 (see) their grades slip when compared to other students. Additionally, these teens who didn’t get enough sleep also reported a 36 (high)rate of emotional problems. The silver lining is that the study shows 37 easy solution to some teens’ problems: get more sleep. Teens facing emotional problems or depression could attempt   38 (adjust) their sleep cycles before turning to stronger measure for 39 (relieve). Compared to doctors’ bills and medication, going to bed earlier can be simple r and more cost- effective. Doctors recommend 9 hours of sleep every night for teens. Parents should make 40 a rule to turn off their children’s smart phones and laptops when the sun goes down. Now more than ever, a good night’s sleep can make the difference. Passage 5 When it comes to using winter tourism to boost its economy, Harbin seems to have already taken the first step. No one had expected such ____41____ (crazy) to occur in this far northern city. During the three-day New Year’s holiday, more than three million tourists crowded into the city. And the snowball effect of social media has suddenly turned the “ice city” ____42____ a hot spot. The Zhongyang Street is an old street ____43____ (locate) in the center of Harbin. These Russian-style architectures reflect the diverse history of the city. The most famous snack here is ice cream, ____44____ during the holiday of the New Year’s Eve, 100,000 pieces ___45____ (sell). Obviously, no freezer is needed. The winter wonderland is a symbolic tourist attraction of Harbin. Here, excitement is the ____46____ (easy) thing to find. This year’s seasonal theme park covers an area of over800, 000 square meters. ____47____ (stand) at the top of the Ice and Snow World, I realized that the reason Harbin could have such a success story was just that it is Harbin. It is the Harbin ____48____ local residents will give free rides to tourists, where the ____49____ (authority) would prepare public warming shelters and where you can ____50____ (total) enjoy yourself with no worries at all. ( 8 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 暑假作业08 动词不定式和动名词 (单句语法填空+语篇语法填空) 考点一：动词不定式 (一)动词不定式的时态和语态 语态 时态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done (二)动词不定式的基本用法 1.作主语 (1) 动词不定式作主语时，一般表示具体的或一次性的动作。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词通常用单数。 注意：很多情况下，作主语的动词不定式都可以用动名词替代，但表示某些具体情况，或表示较强烈的对比，或在某些固定说法中时，通常不用动名词替代。 To know everything is to know nothing. 样样皆通，样样稀松。 (2) 若不定式太长，则往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，不定式移至谓语之后，以使句子结构平衡。其常见句型有以下4种： It +be+形容词+(for/of sb.) to do sth. It+be+名词+ to do sth. It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. It made sb. + adj. + to do sth. It is a great honour to hear you speak so highly of me. 听到你这么夸奖是我莫大的荣幸。 注意：若说明不定式动作对于执行者的影响，常在不定式前加for sb.。但是以形容词作表语来说明主语的行为品质时(如kind，goodnice，wise，clever，silly，wrong right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, polite, agreeable等)，不定式前加of sb. It was kind of Harry to give up his seat in the bus to the old woman. 哈里真善良，在公共汽车上把座位让给了那位老太太。 Linda’s birthday party is to be held next Friday. 琳达的生日聚会将于下星期五举行。(表示将来发生的被动动作) 2.作宾语 (1)在afford，agree，arrange，choose，claim，desire，expect，fail，hope，intend，offer，pretend，promise，refuse，wish，determine等动词后常接动词不定式作宾语。 To my great disappointment，he refused to accept my invitation. 令我大失所望的是，他拒绝接受我的邀请。 The novelist decided to break with the rigid rules and advocate innovation. 这位小说家决定打破陈规，提倡创新。 (2)可用于“动词+ it+形容词／名词+to do sth. ”结构中的动词有feel, find, make, think, believe, consider等。 (3)以动词不定式作宾语的形容词有happy，glad，pleased，sure，ready，anxious，eager，free，afraid，willing等。 (4)有些介词后也可以不定式作宾语，如介词but，about，except，save等。 3.作表语 (1) 动词不定式作表语，可以说明主语的具体内容，还可以表示目的、结果、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿等，其主语通常为task，aim，purpose，wish，dream，duty，plan，hope，job，problem等名词，或是what引导的名词性从句。不定式作表语时，主语和表语有时可以交换位置，其意思不变。 The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it. 人生重要的事是有一个伟大的目标，以及实现它的决心。 What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我建议马上开始工作。 (2) 动词不定式作表语省略to的情况 动词不定式作表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略，但当主语部分含有从句且从句谓语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式符号to可以省略。 All we need to do is (to) live each day with passion. 我们需要做的就是充满激情地过好每一天。 4.作定语 动词不定式作定语常表示将要发生的事 I have something unusual to do before going back. 回去之前我有些不寻常的事要做。 His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 他的第一本书将于下月出版，这本书是根据一个真实故事写成的。 【拓展延伸】 (1)不定式与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，不定式后接的若是不及物动词，在动词后加上合适的介词。 (2)数词和最高级后常接不定式，如the first，the second，the last，the best等。 (3)有些名词后常接不定式，如time，way，right，chance，reason等。 5.作状语 (1)动词不定式作状语可以表示目的或者出乎意料的结果，表示结果时，不定式前常加only。 To dig up more clues，he collected and studied a lot of information. 为了挖掘更多的线索，他收集和研究了大量的信息。 He hurried to the train station，only to find the train had left. 他匆忙赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。 (2)不定式作原因状语，常用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。 I’m disappointed to hear you lack the patience. 听到你缺乏耐心我很失望。 6.作宾语补足语 1. 在expect，forbid，force，order，permit，request，warn，invite等动词后，常接“名词/代词＋动词不定式”结构，动词不定式作宾语补足语。如： We can always expect him to help us whenever we are in trouble. 每当我们遇到困难的时候，我们总是可以指望他帮助我们。 I sincerely invite you to participate in the activity to be held by our school. 我真诚地邀请你参加我们学校举办的活动。 2. 在see，hear，notice，watch，feel等动词后，可以接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示动作的整个过程。 I saw him cross the street and enter a shop. 我看见他穿过马路然后进了一家商店。 [温馨提示]“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。 The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态) 有人看见小偷进了银行。 考点二： 动名词 动名词也属于非谓语动词，它具有名词和动词的特点，它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。此外，它也有时态和语态的变化，还有复合结构的用法。 (一)、动名词的时态和语态 语态 形式 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 否定式：not + 动名词 (二)动名词的基本用法 1.作主语 (1)动词-ing形式作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词多用单数形式，其被动形式为being done。常放到句首。 Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。 Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.不给予足够的赞扬和给予太多(赞扬)一样有害。 Being praised by his teachers made him regain his confidence.被老师表扬使他重获自信。 温馨提示： 意义不同的两个动词-ing形式并列作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。 Painting and collecting stamps are his hobbies.画画和收集邮票是他的爱好。 (2)形式主语it代替v.-ing形式作主语。 此类句式常见的有： It’s a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间的。 It’s useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事是没用/值得的。 It’s no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思。 It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you.等待别人为你做决定是没有用的。 It is a waste of time persuading such a stubborn person to join us.劝说如此固执的一个人加入我们是浪费时间。 Just as the saying goes，it is no use crying over spilt milk.俗话说：覆水难收。 (3)动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语时的两种形式：①形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing形式；②名词(有生命的名词)’s＋动词-ing形式。 Their failing in the examination made them all very disappointed.考试失败使他们都很失望。 Mary’s coming here in time made everyone present happy.玛丽的及时到来让在场的每一个人都很高兴。 2.作宾语 (1)常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语) appreciate(欣赏)，consider(考虑)，delay(推迟)，avoid(避免)，finish(完成)，imagine(想象)，miss(错过)，mean(意味着)，resist(抗拒)，risk(冒险)，suggest(建议)，mind(介意)，escape(避开)，admit(承认)，allow(允许)，give up(放弃)，insist on(坚决要求)，feel like(想要)，be used to(习惯于)，lead to(导致)，look forward to(期待，盼望)等。 He got well-prepared for the interview，for he couldn’t risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次面试做好了准备，因为他不能冒险失去这一良机。 Do you mind passing me that dictionary?你把那本词典递给我好吗？ I have been looking forward to hearing from you.我一直盼望着收到你的来信。 She can’t stand being looked down upon in public.(被动形式being done也可作宾语)她忍受不了当众被人看不起。 2. 作介词的宾语 动词-ing形式位于介词之后，构成介词短语，在句中作定语或状语。 These measures have created conditions for raising the output of steel.这些措施为提高钢的产量创造了条件。 One never loses by doing a good turn.[谚]行善者绝无一失。 After looking at his watch，he hurried to the station.看了看表后，他匆忙赶往车站。 He would never think of giving up this project.他决不会考虑放弃这个项目。 【归纳拓展】在以下结构中，动词-ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略 spend...(in) doing sth花费……做某事 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth做……有困难/麻烦 stop/prevent...(from) doing sth阻止……做某事 waste time (in) doing sth浪费时间做某事 be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事 have a good/hard time (in) doing sth高兴做某事/费力做某事 There is no point (in) doing sth做某事毫无意义。 He is always busy working every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child.他每天总是忙于工作，这使他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。 Now that we have finished our work，there is no point staying any longer.既然我们已经完成了工作，再待下去就没有意义了。 3. 动词-ing形式的复合结构作宾语 作宾语的动词-ing形式的复合结构的肯定形式为： ＋动词-ing形式 Would you mind my/me closing the window? 你介意我关上窗户吗？ Would you mind Mary’s/Mary closing the window? 你介意玛丽关上窗户吗？ 疑难指津　动词-ing形式的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词/名词的所有格＋not doing...。 考点三、不定式和动名词的区别 A.从含义上，不定式：具体某一次的动作； 动名词：抽象的一般行为、习惯 I love swimming, but I don't love to swim in this dirty river. 注意：平衡原则：当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式。 To live is to struggle. Seeing is believing. B. 作主语时：动名词：表抽象和经验 不定式：表具体动作 Smoking is prohibited here. (抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring. 在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。 (经验) It took me only five minutes to finish the job.　(具体)　 C. 有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有： 动词 宾语的形式 意义 forget to do 忘记做…… doing 忘记做过…… remember to do 记着要去做…… doing 记得做过…… regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做…… doing 后悔做了…… try to do 尽力做…… doing 尝试做…… mean to do 打算做…… doing 意味着…… go on to do 接着做(另外一件事) doing 接着做(同一件事) stop to do 停下来去做…… doing 停止做…… Please remember to give my best regards to your family.请记着代我向你的家人问好。 I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。 D. 下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。 need/want/require/deserve doing＝need/want/require/deserve to be done The bike needs repairing/to be repaired. 这辆自行车需要修理。 单句语法填空 1. The play to be produced next month aims mainly ________(promote) the local culture. 【答案】to promote 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：下个月将要上演的这部剧主要旨在推广当地文化。aim to do sth.“目标是做某事”，所以空处需要动词不定式作宾语。故填to promote。 2. At first, Ryan’s plan was to earn money ________(build) a single well somewhere in Africa. 【答案】to build 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：起初，瑞恩的计划是赚钱在非洲某地打一口井。动词不定式作目的状语。故填to build。 3. The well­designed gallery houses 2,000 works of modern art and is worthy ________(visit). 【答案】to be visited 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：精心设计的美术馆收藏了2000件现代艺术作品，值得一游。be worthy to do“值得做”，visit和主语gallery之间是被动关系，故此处用动词不定式的被动式，故填to be visited。 4. The festivals is ________(hold) next Friday. 【答案】to be held 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：节日定于下周五举行。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，The festivals与hold为被动关系，再由next Friday可知，这里应用不定式被动语态作表语。故填to be held。 5. He has become the first American scientist ________(award) a Nobel prize. 【答案】to be awarded 【详解】考查不定式和被动语态。句意：他成为第一位获得诺贝尔奖的美国科学家。American scientist被序数词the first修饰，空格处用不定式作后置定语，科学家是被授予诺贝尔奖，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be done，故填to be awarded。 6. The tunes are easy ________(sing), and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought. 【答案】to sing 【详解】考查不定式。句意：曲调很容易唱，歌词往往会让你陷入深思。sth. be easy to do是固定短语，意为“做某事很容易”，因此空格处用不定式to sing，是不定式的主动表被动，故填to sing。 7. She has a strong desire ________(catch) up on her reading during the holidays. 【答案】to catch 【详解】考查不定式。句意：她渴望在假期的时候赶上阅读的进度。此处为“渴望做某事”，表达为have a desire to do sth.，故此处应用不定式作定语，故填to catch。 8. I really don’t know who ________(ask) for help in this city. 【答案】to ask 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这个城市，我真的不知道该向谁求助。此处是“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语。故填to do。 9. We rushed to the airport only ________(tell) that the plane had just taken off. 【答案】to be told 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我们匆匆赶到机场，却被告知飞机刚刚起飞。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意和only可知，此处为“only to do sth.”结构，表示意料之外的结果，所以此处使用动词不定式作结果状语，且tell与逻辑主语we之间为被动关系。故填to be told。 10. She doesn’t like ________(label) as an incapable woman. 【答案】to be labeled/being labeled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她不喜欢被称之为无能的女人。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，根据like to do sth.和like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”可知，此处使用不定式或动名词形式作宾语，且label与逻辑主语she之间为被动关系，所以此处使用不定式或动名词的被动形式。故填to be labeled/being labeled。 11. I can’t go to the cinema on time with all these dishes ________(wash). 【答案】to wash 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有这么多盘子要洗，我不能按时去电影院。分析句子结构可知，“with +宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，不定式表将来，使用主动表被动在句中作宾补，故填to wash。 12. Recently, Andy has flown back to Beijing ________(promote) her new album. 【答案】to promote 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，安迪飞回北京宣传她的新专辑。此处为不定式作目的状语。故填to promote。 13. They arrived at the airport, only ________(find) the flight had been canceled due to the snowstorm. 【答案】to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们到达机场，却发现由于暴风雪，航班被取消了。“only +不定式”作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果，且They与find构成主动关系，应用find“发现”的不定式。故填to find。 14. It is essential for the figures ________(update) on a regular basis, which is important for our research. 【答案】to be updated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：定期更新数据是必要的，这对我们的研究很重要。根据“It is essential for the figures”可知，此处用固定句型It is essential for… to do sth.表示“让……做某事是必要的”，it是形式主语，真正的主语用不定式形式，且update和the figures逻辑上是被动关系，因此应用update的不定式被动语态。故填to be updated。 15. All we have to do for our students is ________(aid) them in learning English with a comparative method. 【答案】aid/to aid 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们为学生所要做的就是用比较的方法帮助他们学习英语。不定式形式作表语，说明主语内容，且主语部分含有to do，空处的不定式符号to可省略。故填aid/to aid。 16. 30% of American teenagers admit ________(lie) about their age to gain success to some websites. 【答案】lying 【详解】考查动名词。句意：30%的美国青少年承认为了成功访问某些网站而谎报他们的年龄。admit doing sth.“承认做某事”，所以空处需要动名词的形式作宾语。故填lying。 17. In order to escape ________(catch), the thief hid himself among the trees. 【答案】being caught 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了逃避抓捕，小偷藏匿在树林中。escape doing sth.固定搭配，意为“逃避做某事”，catch和主语the thief是被动关系，应用动名词的被动语态，故填being caught。 18. Mary, who is disabled, is strongly opposed to ________(treat) unfairly by others. 【答案】being treated 【详解】考查动名词。句意：玛丽是残疾人，她强烈反对受到别人的不公平对待。be opposed to doing sth固定搭配，意为“反对做某事”。主语Mary与treat为被动关系，用动名词的被动语态。故填being treated。 19. On hearing the joke we couldn’t help ________(laugh). 【答案】laughing 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：听到这个笑话，我们忍不住笑了起来。分析句子可知，此空考查can’t help doing sth表“忍不住做某事”，为固定短语，这里动名词作宾语。故填laughing。 20. With the ________(raise) of standards of this school, more and more parents are trying their best to send their children to study here. 【答案】raising 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着这所学校标准的提高，越来越多的家长正竭尽全力把孩子送到这里学习。本空用raise“提高”的动名词，作With的宾语。故填raising。 21. This includes keeping the original environment from ________(touch). 【答案】being touched 【详解】考查动名词。句意：这包括阻止原始环境被接触。设空处接在介词from后，应用动名词作宾语，和它的逻辑主语the original environment之间是被动关系，所以应用动名词的被动语态，故填being touched。 22. My kid spends hours ________(chat) on the phone with her friends every day. 【答案】chatting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我的孩子每天花几个小时在电话上和她的朋友聊天。sb. spend time (in) doing sth.，此处为动名词作宾语，表示花费时间聊天。故填chatting。 23. No one can avoid ________(influence) by advertisements. 【答案】being influenced 【详解】考查动名词。句意：没有人能避免受到广告的影响。分析句子可知，本句的谓语动词是avoid，所以设空处应该填入名词或动名词作动词avoid的宾语。又因为主语No one与influence之间为被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式being influenced。故填being influenced。 24. The best approach to ________(build) up your body is to do exercise every day. 【答案】building 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：锻炼身体的最好方法是每天锻炼。to是介词，应用动名词作宾语，故填building。 25. ________(surround) yourself with positive and admirable people will result in you adopting positive values. 【答案】Surrounding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：周围都是积极的、令人钦佩的人，这会让你树立积极的价值观。本句谓语为will result，此处为非谓语动词，用surround“围住，围绕，喜欢结交(某类人)”的动名词，作主语。故填Surrounding。 26. As a man, you should have the courage to admit ________(make) mistakes. 【答案】making/having made 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一个男人，你应该有承认错误的勇气。admit doing/having done意为：承认做(过)某事，空处用动名词或者动名词的完成式形式作宾语，动名词的完成式强调“犯错误”这件事发生在“承认”之前。故填making/having made。 27. You can’t avoid  ________(make) mistakes in language learning. 【答案】making 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在语言学习中，你无法避免犯错误。avoid是动词，意思是“避免”，后面通常跟动名词形式作宾语，即avoid doing something，表示“避免做某事”。故答案填making。 28. Every worker looks forward to ________(have) a good boss who is kind to them. 【答案】having 【详解】考查动名词。句意：每个工人都希望有一个对他们友善的好老板。分析可知，“look forward to doing…”，固定短语，意为“期待做某事”，“to”为介词，动名词作宾语。故填having。 29. With the locals explaining the customs in detail, we had no difficulty ________(figure) out the hidden spirit of the festival. 【答案】figuring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有了当地人对习俗的详细解释，我们不难理解这个节日隐藏的精神。have no difficulty doing sth“做某事没有困难”，故填figuring。 30. ________(nod) the head means saying “yes” in China. 【答案】Nodding 【详解】考查动名词。句意：点头在中国意味着说“是”。分析句子可知，空处应用动词nod“点头”的动名词形式nodding作主语，位于句首首字母大写。故填Nodding。 31. Nowadays ________(掌握)a foreign language is necessary. 【答案】mastering 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如今掌握一门外语是有必要的。根据汉语意思可知，此处需要填入“掌握”；master意为“掌握”。分析句子结构可知，用动名词作主语。故填mastering。 32. He claims that ________(quit) smoking is the easiest thing in the world, for he has done it hundreds of times. 【答案】quitting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他声称戒烟是世界上最容易的事情，因为他已经戒过几百次了。空格处用动名词quitting作that引导的宾语从句中的主语，故填quitting。 33. After a two-day stay in Kashgar, the group will motorcycle through several other Chinese provinces before finally ________(arrive) in Laos. 【答案】arriving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在喀什停留两天后，这群人将骑摩托车经过甘肃、四川和云南等中国其他几个省份，最后抵达老挝。介词before后应用动名词的形式作宾语。故填arriving。 34. The activities include dragon boat races and ________(eat) rice dumplings. 【答案】eating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：活动包括龙舟比赛和吃粽子。分析句子结构可知, include doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“包括做某事”，设空处用动名词作宾语。故填 eating。 35. Mary, a famous actress, spends two hours every day ________(work) out to keep slim. 【答案】working 【详解】考查动名词。句意：玛丽，一位著名的女演员，每天花两个小时锻炼身体以保持苗条。spend time (in) doing sth：花费时间做某事，介词in后接动名词作宾语，故填working。 36. Tom is seriously considering ________(quit) his current job and using all his savings to travel around the world. 【答案】quitting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：汤姆正在认真考虑辞掉现在的工作，用他所有的积蓄去环游世界。consider doing sth故填动名词quitting。故填quitting。 37. After briefly ________(refer) to his notes, he gave us a vivid description of his experience. 【答案】referring 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他简略地看了一下笔记后，就给我们生动的描述了他的经历。After为介词，其后接动词时应用动名词形式，故填referring。 38. They have been working to prevent the environment here from ________(destroy). 【答案】being destroyed 【详解】考查非谓语动。句意：他们一直在努力防止这里的环境遭到破坏。prevent ... from doing sth.阻止……做某事。逻辑宾语the environment 与destroy之间为被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式。故填being destroyed。 39. ________ money on himself means very little to Yuan Longping. (spend) 【答案】Spending 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：花钱在自己身上，对于袁隆平来说意义不大。分析句子可知，句中存在谓语动词means，这里使用非谓语动词形式，且空处位于主语位置，因此使用spend的动名词spending形式作主语，位于句首首字母需大写。故填Spending。 40. I arrived at Mr Li’s office, only ________(find) it was locked. 【答案】to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我到了李先生的办公室，却发现门锁着。此处是“only+动词不定式”作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，故填to find。 41. On this day, the moon is said ________(be) its biggest and brightest. 【答案】to be 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这一天，月亮据说是最大最亮的。根据句意及所给句子可知，表示“据说某事物可以做”，应用固定句型sth. is said to do，应用动词不定式，作主语补足语。故填to be。 42. Christopher Columbus discovered what he viewed as India on the epic voyage, only ________(inform) that what he discovered was a new land. 【答案】to be informed 【详解】考查不定式。句意：克里斯托弗·哥伦布(Christopher Columbus)在史诗般的航行中发现了他所认为的印度，却被告知他发现的是一片新大陆。only后跟动词不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，he与inform之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填to be informed。 43. The spacecraft broke down suddenly only ________(stop)the ongoing mission. 【答案】to stop 【详解】考查不定式。句意飞船突然发生故障，导致正在进行的任务中止。only to do为固定短语，表示“做某事，结果却……”，空处应为不定式作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果，故填to stop。 44. ________(have) a chance to experience this, you can stop by a village pub and relax with a local beer. 【答案】To have 【详解】考查不定式。句意: 要想有机会体验一下，可以去一家乡村酒吧，喝一杯当地的啤酒放松一下。空处放在句首，表示“为了体验”，此处应用不定式表目的。故填To have。 45. He promised that he would do whatever he could ________(help) me, but he didn’t. 【答案】to help 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他答应他会尽他所能帮助我，但他没有。此处表示“他会尽他所能”的目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to help。 46. The problem ________(refer) to at the meeting tomorrow is about environmental pollution. 【答案】to be referred 【详解】考查不定式和被动语态。句意：明天会议要提到的问题是关于环境污染的。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，problem和refer之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，由tomorrow可知，问题是明天被提到，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be referred，表示将来要进行的被动动作，故填to be referred。 47. Jing Haipeng, who became the first taikonaut ________(go) into space for a fourth time with this mission, served as the commander and spacecraft pilot. 【答案】to go 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：景海鹏是第一个第四次进入太空的宇航员，他担任指挥官和飞船飞行员。名词taikonaut前有序数词the first修饰，需用动词不定式to go作后置定语。故填to go。 48. He stood up in defence of the old lady, saying she was not the one ________(blame). 【答案】to blame 【详解】考查不定式。句意：他站起来为那位老太太辩护，说她不应该受到责备。be to blame应该受到责备，主动表达被动。本句为动词不定式作定语。故填to blame。 49. The house ________(build) there soon will be a library for the workers. 【答案】to be built 【详解】考查不定式和被动语态。句意：那里即将建成的房子将成为工人们的图书馆。句中谓语是will be，空格处用非谓语动词，房子是被修建，由soon will be可知，房子是将来被修建，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be built，表示将来的被动的动作。故填to be built。 50. She has become the first female physicist of her country ________(receive) the Prize. 【答案】to receive 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：她成为该国首位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女物理学家。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语the first…to do…“第一个做某事的……”，所以此处为动词不定式作后置定语。故填to receive。 语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 The animated movie “Chang'an” was a real hit last summer. It is named 1 the ancient city of Xi’an in Shaanxi province, which served as the capital of the Tang Dynasty for over 280 years. It 2 (bring) to life some of the most representative figures in Chinese literary history. The story between Gao Shi and Li Bai offers a glimpse into the poetry of the Tang Dynasty, 3 is often seen as a golden age in Chinese history due to 4 (it) economic and cultural advancement. As the unique charm and soul of the movie, 48 Tang poems help audience travel from the 5 (sand) desert frontier to the mist-filled regions south of the Yangtze River. The movie is undoubtedly a masterpiece showing the   6 (characteristic) of Chinese culture to the world. In order to 7 (accurate) convey the charm of Tang poetry and better translate the cultural context set in the dialogue, the production team invited Linda Jaivin 8 (assist) with the translation process. Linda Jaivin is 9 Australian sinologist(汉学家) and she has translated many famous Chinese films. Despite her already rich knowledge of Chinese culture, she found some poetry lines and place names to be quite challenging, 10 (require) careful and repeated consideration. 【答案】 1. after 2. brings 3. which 4. its 5. sandy 6. characteristics 7. accurately 8. to assist 9. an 10. requiring 【导语】这是一篇说明文。去年夏天，动画电影《长安》大受欢迎，文章对这部电影的内容制作、翻译和文化意义进行了介绍。 1. 考查介词。句意：去年夏天，动画电影《长安》大受欢迎。它是以陕西省的古城西安命名的，它作为唐朝的首都长达280多年。be named after意为“以……命名”，此处应用介词after。故填after。 2. 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：它使中国文学史上一些最具代表性的人物栩栩如生。动词短语bring to life意为“使……栩栩如生”。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语为第三人称单数。故填brings。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：高适和李白之间的故事让我们得以一窥唐代诗歌，由于其经济和文化的进步，唐朝通常被视为中国历史上的黄金时代。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为the Tang Dynasty，应用关系代词which。故填which。 4. 考查代词。句意：高适和李白之间的故事让我们得以一窥唐代诗歌，由于其经济和文化的进步，唐朝通常被视为中国历史上的黄金时代。“economic and cultural advancement”和“the Tang Dynasty”构成所属关系，应用形容词性物主代词its表示“它的”。故填its。 5. 考查形容词。句意：作为电影的独特魅力和灵魂，48首唐诗帮助观众从沙漠边疆到长江以南的雾霭弥漫的地区。此处作定语应用形容词sandy表示“沙地的”。故填sandy。 6. 考查可数名词的单复数。句意：这部电影无疑是向世界展示中国文化特色的杰作。characteristic意为“特色”，为可数名词，中国文化的特色不止一个，此处应用复数形式。故填characteristics。 7. 考查副词。句意：为了准确传达唐诗的魅力，更好地翻译对话中所设置的文化语境，制作团队邀请了琳达·贾文协助翻译过程。此处应用副词accurately表示“准确地”作状语，修饰动词 convey。故填accurately。 8. 考查动词不定式。句意：为了准确传达唐诗的魅力，更好地翻译对话中所设置的文化语境，制作团队邀请了琳达·贾文协助翻译过程。invite sb. to do意为“邀请某人做某事”，此处应用to do不定式作宾补。故填to assist。 9. 考查冠词。句意：琳达·贾文是一位澳大利亚汉学家，她翻译了许多著名的中国电影。sinologist意为“汉学家”，为可数名词，此处Australian sinologist为第一次出现，应用不定冠词表示泛指。Australian的开头发音为元音，不定冠词应用an。故填an。 10. 考查现在分词。句意：尽管她已经对中国文化有了丰富的了解，但她发现一些诗词和地名很有挑战性，需要仔细和反复的考虑。动词require和谓语之间没有连词，用其非谓语形式，和逻辑主语some poetry lines and place names构成主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填requiring。 Passage 2 During Chinese New Year, a balloon loong (the Chinese pronunciation of dragon) 11 (measure) over 40 meters in length glided through a shopping mall in Hong Kong. The 40-meter long loong, 12 was made up of 38,000 balloons, broke the Guinness World Record as the 13 (large) balloon loong. Balloon artist Wilson Pang, with over a decade of rich experience, realized his dream 14 (create) a loong-shaped balloon. Pang gathered a 60-member team, including students, to create the magnificent artwork. The loong project began on Jan 20, 15 the team working round the clock to finally complete a 41.77-meter balloon loong without skeleton support. The 16 (exhibit) of the loong drew large crowds of people. To thank the audience for their support, Pang printed 5,000 postcards featuring the loong and 17 (arrange) a meeting with them at the mall. “To deliver 18 warm, loving, positive message to the people of Hong Kong is what I always want to do,” Pang says. Two-thirds of the members of the team who produced the loong were students. Pang believes that 19 is important to give young people opportunities, so he 20 (special) invited college and high school students to participate in the project. 【答案】 11. measuring 12. which 13. largest 14. to create 15. with 16. exhibition 17. arranged 18. a 19. it 20. specially 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了农历新年之际，一条由 38000个气球组成的高达 40米的“长龙”在香港一家购物中心滑行，这打破了吉尼斯世界纪录。气球艺术家Wilson Pang与他的团队，倾注心血打造了这惊世之作。这条龙的展览吸引了众多观众，并获得了热烈回应。 11. 考查非谓语动词。句意：农历新年期间，一只长达40多米的气球龙在香港一家购物中心滑行。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰a balloon loon，动词measure和所修饰词是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，故填measuring。 12. 考查定语从句。句意：该龙长40米，由38000个气球组成，成为最大的气球龙，打破了吉尼斯世界纪录。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词loong，指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用which引导定语从句，故填which。 13. 考查形容词最高级。句意：该龙长40米，由38000个气球组成，成为最大的气球龙，打破了吉尼斯世界纪录。此处表示“最大的”，应用形容词最高级作定语，故填largest。 14. 考查非谓语动词。句意：拥有十多年丰富经验的气球艺术家Wilson Pang实现了自己创造龙形气球的梦想。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词dream，所修饰词和动词create之间是同位关系，应用不定式作后置定语，故填to create。 15. 考查介词。句意：气球龙项目自1月20日开工以来，经过全体人员连夜赶工，最终完成了一条全长41.77米的无骨架气球龙。此处是with复合结构，即with+宾语+宾语补足语，作状语，故填with。 16. 考查名词。句意：龙的展示吸引了大批人群。此处应用名词exhibition作主语，不可数，故填exhibition。 17. 考查时态。句意：为了感谢观众的支持，庞先生印制了50​​00张以龙为主题的明信片，并安排在商场与他们见面。句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，谓语动词arranged和printed是并列关系，故填arranged。 18. 考查冠词。句意：庞说：“我一直想向香港人民传递温暖、有爱心、积极的信息。”此处泛指一条信息，应用不定冠词，且warm发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a，故填a。 19. 考查代词。句意：庞先生认为给予年轻人机会非常重要，因此他特意邀请大学生和高中生参与这个项目。此处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面不定式，故填it。 20. 考查副词。句意：庞先生认为给予年轻人机会非常重要，因此他特意邀请大学生和高中生参与这个项目。此处应用副词specially作状语，修饰动词invited，故填specially。 Passage 3 He could still remember the day when he first met her. It was a bright morning 21 (fill) with the sweet smell of flowers in the air. While 22 (walk) along the path, he saw a girl sitting under a tree, reading a book. Her longhair flowing in the breeze, she seemed like an angel. The book she was reading, 23 classic, caught his attention. He really had a strong desire 24 (talk) to her, but he didn’t have the courage. Finally, after gathering up all his 25 (brave), he walked towards her. “Excuse me, but can I join you?” he asked. She looked up, and her big eyes, 26 were like shining stars, met his. A smile appeared on her face. “ 27 (sound) great!” she replied. For the next few hours they talked and laughed about everything, sharing their stories and dreams 28 particular. He thought that maybe this was the beginning of something wonderful, something he had been waiting for all along. 29 he didn’t know that this moment 30 (become) a memory he would hold dear for the rest of his life. －Adapted from “Wuthering Heights” 【答案】 21. filled 22. walking 23. a 24. to talk 25. bravery 26. which 27. Sounds 28. in 29. But 30. would become 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章改编自著名小说《呼啸山庄》，描述主人公的这次偶遇和感受，表达了对爱情美好开始的向往和对珍贵回忆的珍视。 21. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这是一个阳光明媚的早晨，空气中弥漫着花香。be filled with为固定搭配，意为“充满”此处作后置定语，修饰名词morning，需用过去分词形式。故填filled。 22. 考查省略。句意：当他沿着小路走的时候，他看见一个女孩坐在树下看书。while引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，完整的从句是While he was walking along the path，省略了he was。故填walking。 23. 考查冠词。句意：她正在读的那本书是一本经典名著，引起了他的注意。classic为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且classic发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 24. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他真的很想和她说话，但他没有勇气。空处修饰名词desire，作后置定语，需用动词不定式。故填to talk。 25. 考查名词。句意：最后，他鼓起所有的勇气，向她走去。空处需填名词bravery，作宾语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填bravery。 26. 考查定语从句。句意：她抬起头来，她那双像闪亮的星星一样的大眼睛与他的眼睛相遇了。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词eyes，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 27. 考查动词时态。句意：“听起来不错!”她回答说。结合上文对话““Excuse me, but can I join you?””可知，使用一般现在时，此处主语为上文中男主人公的请求，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Sounds。 28. 考查介词。句意：在接下来的几个小时里，他们有说有笑，尤其是分享他们的故事和梦想。in particular为固定搭配，意为“尤其”。故填in。 29. 考查连词。句意：但他不知道，这一刻将成为他余生珍视的记忆。前文提到“他认为这可能是美好事物的开始”，而后文则提到“他不知道这一刻会成为他一生中最珍贵的回忆”，因此需要使用转折连词来连接这两个句子，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填But。 30. 考查动词时态。句意同上。此处表示“他不知道这一刻会成为他一生中最珍贵的回忆”，应该使用过去将来时would become作为谓语，表示“将会变成”。故填would become。 Passage 4 Staying up late may work well for business professionals or 31 (lawyer), but a new study suggests it can be harmful for students. High school students 32 stay up late see their test scores fall behind their more well-rested classmates. The study, 33 (perform) by researchers at University of California, Berkeley, examined survey data from over 2,700 volunteers, whose ages ranged from thirteen   34 seventeen in the United States. Thirty percent of them admitted to bedtimes past 11:30 pm during the school year. Following the data, these night owls(夜猫子) 35 (see) their grades slip when compared to other students. Additionally, these teens who didn’t get enough sleep also reported a 36 (high)rate of emotional problems. The silver lining is that the study shows 37 easy solution to some teens’ problems: get more sleep. Teens facing emotional problems or depression could attempt   38 (adjust) their sleep cycles before turning to stronger measure for 39 (relieve). Compared to doctors’ bills and medication, going to bed earlier can be simple r and more cost- effective. Doctors recommend 9 hours of sleep every night for teens. Parents should make 40 a rule to turn off their children’s smart phones and laptops when the sun goes down. Now more than ever, a good night’s sleep can make the difference. 【答案】 31. lawyers 32. that/who 33. performed 34. to 35. saw 36. higher 37. an 38. to adjust 39. relief 40. it 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了一项新的研究表明，熬夜对学生来说可能有害。根据数据，这些夜猫子的成绩与其他学生相比有所下降。此外，睡眠不足的青少年出现情绪问题的几率也更高。 31. 考查名词的数。句意：熬夜对商务人士或律师来说可能是件好事，但一项新的研究表明，熬夜对学生来说可能有害。根据上文professionals可知lawyer应用复数形式。故填lawyers。 32. 考查定语从句。句意：熬夜的高中生发现他们的考试成绩落后于那些休息好的同学。定语从句修饰先行词students，在从句作主语，指人，故填that/who。 33. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这项由加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员进行的研究，他们调查了2700多名年龄在13岁到17岁之间的美国志愿者的调查数据。此处perform与study构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填performed。 34. 考查介词。句意：这项由加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员进行的研究，他们调查了2700多名年龄在13岁到17岁之间的美国志愿者的调查数据。短语range from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填to。 35. 考查时态。句意：根据这些数据，这些夜猫子的成绩与其他学生相比有所下降。动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填saw。 36. 考查比较级。句意：此外，睡眠不足的青少年出现情绪问题的几率也更高。此处表示“更高”应用比较级higher。故填higher。 37. 考查冠词。句意：令人欣慰的是，这项研究为一些青少年的问题提供了一个简单的解决方案：多睡觉。solution为泛指，且easy是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。 38. 考查非谓语动词。句意：面对情绪问题或抑郁的青少年可以尝试调整他们的睡眠周期，然后再采取更有力的措施来缓解。短语attempt to do sth.表示“尝试做某事”。故填to adjust。 39. 考查名词。句意：面对情绪问题或抑郁的青少年可以尝试调整他们的睡眠周期，然后再采取更有力的措施来缓解。作介词的宾语，应用名词relief，不可数。故填relief。 40. 考查it用法。句意：当太阳下山时，父母应该把孩子的智能手机和笔记本电脑关掉。此处为make it+n.+to do sth.，it作形式宾语，故填it。 Passage 5 When it comes to using winter tourism to boost its economy, Harbin seems to have already taken the first step. No one had expected such ____41____ (crazy) to occur in this far northern city. During the three-day New Year’s holiday, more than three million tourists crowded into the city. And the snowball effect of social media has suddenly turned the “ice city” ____42____ a hot spot. The Zhongyang Street is an old street ____43____ (locate) in the center of Harbin. These Russian-style architectures reflect the diverse history of the city. The most famous snack here is ice cream, ____44____ during the holiday of the New Year’s Eve, 100,000 pieces ___45____ (sell). Obviously, no freezer is needed. The winter wonderland is a symbolic tourist attraction of Harbin. Here, excitement is the ____46____ (easy) thing to find. This year’s seasonal theme park covers an area of over800, 000 square meters. ____47____ (stand) at the top of the Ice and Snow World, I realized that the reason Harbin could have such a success story was just that it is Harbin. It is the Harbin ____48____ local residents will give free rides to tourists, where the ____49____ (authority) would prepare public warming shelters and where you can ____50____ (total) enjoy yourself with no worries at all. 【答案】41. craziness 42. into 43. located 44 and 45. were sold 46. easiest 47. Standing 48. where 49. authorities 50. totally 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了哈尔滨旅游的爆火。 41.考查名词。句意：没有人预料到这样的疯狂会发生在这个遥远的北方城市。空处应填名词作宾语，craziness“疯狂”，不可数名词，故填craziness。 42考查介词。句意：而社交媒体的滚雪球效应，让这座“冰城”突然变成了一个热点。turn…into…“变成”，固定短语，故填into。 43.考查非谓语动词。句意：中央大街是哈尔滨市中心的一条老街。be located in“坐落于”，此处应用过去分词作后置定语，故填located。 44.考查连词。句意：这里最著名的小吃是冰淇淋，在除夕夜的假期里，卖出了10万份。空前后是并列关系，应用连词and连接，故填and。 45.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：同上。主语pieces和动词sell之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“during the holiday of the New Year’s Eve”可知是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，故填were sold。 46.考查形容词最高级。句意：在这里，兴奋是最容易找到的东西。结合句意及空前的the可知，此处指“兴奋是最容易找到的东西”，应用形容词最高级，故填easiest。 47.考查非谓语动词。句意：站在冰雪大世界的顶端，我意识到哈尔滨之所以能有如此成功的故事，只是因为它是哈尔滨。stand和逻辑主语I之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，首字母应大写，故填Standing。 48.考查定语从句。句意：这是当地居民为游客免费搭车的哈尔滨，是当局准备公共取暖场所的哈尔滨，是你完全可以无忧无虑地享受生活的哈尔滨。空处引导定语从句，先行词是Harbin，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。 49.考查名词复数。句意：同上。authority是可数名词，结合语义可知应用名词复数形式，故填authorities。 50.考查副词。句意：同上。空处修饰动词enjoy，应用副词形式，故填totally。 ( 18 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$