15.必修第三册Unit 4-2025年高考英语一轮复习教材核心词汇复习(PPT讲解+练习清单)(人教版2019)

人教版2019必修第三册 Unit 4 Ⅰ. 重点词汇 1. determine vt. 查明; 确定; 决定 【教材原句】 However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. (P40) 然而, 一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。 【词块必记】 (1)determine to do sth. 　　　　 决心做某事 determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事 (2)determined adj. 有决心的, 意志坚定的 be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事 be determined that. . . 决心…… (3)determination n. 决定, 确定 【语境速测】 单句语法填空 ①The outcome of this election will be __________ (determine)by the votes and by the law. ②Everyone concerned acted with great courage and _____________ (determine). ③We are __________ (determine) to rescue his two countrymen. determined determination determined 【例句赏析】 He is determined to get ahead of others in studies, so he works day and night. 他决心在学习上胜过别人, 所以他日夜努力。 2. argue vt. & vi. 论证; 争辩; 争论 【典型例句】 *I don’t want to argue with you—just do it. 我不想和你争辩, 干吧! 【词块必记】 (1)argue with sb. about/over sth. 与某人争论某事 argue for/against (doing) sth. 据理力争/反对某事 argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事 argue that . . . 主张/争辩说…… (2)argument n. 争论; 争吵; 论点 have an argument with sb. 与某人争吵/争论 beyond argument 无可争辩 熟词生义 These latest developments argue a change in government policy. 最近的事态发展表明政府改变了政策。( ) 证明, 表明 【语境速测】 单句语法填空 ①It ______________(argue) by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes in the past few years.   ②In this article I will point out some further explanations, and argue ___ one of them. 完成句子 ③The committee is concerned about players’ behaviour, especially ___________ (与……争吵) referees.   ④We’d like to ask you to help us ________________(解决一场争论). has been argued for arguing with settle an argument 3. disappointed adj. 失望的; 沮丧的 【典型例句】 One by one, the applicants left the interview’s office with disappointed looks on the faces. 求职者一个接一个地面带失望的表情离开了面试间。 【词块必记】 (1)be disappointed at/with/about sth. 对……失望 be disappointed in/with sb. 对某人感到失望 (2)disappointing adj. 令人失望的; 令人扫兴的 (3)disappoint vt. 使失望 (4)disappointment n. 失望; 沮丧 to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是 【语境速测】 单句语法填空 ①To my ______________ (disappoint), they refused my request. ②We were all disappointed ____________ the news that our picnic was cancelled because of the rain. ③The author feels ____________ (disappoint) about the solutions to the problem. 完成句子 ④The outcome of the court case ________________(是令人失望的) for the family involved.   ⑤____________________(使我失望的是)was that I failed to pass the test.   disappointment at/with/about disappointed was disappointing What disappointed me 4. attach vt. 系; 绑; 贴 【典型例句】 *I have no choice but to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter. 我别无选择, 只有麻烦您帮我修改一下我附在信后的材料。 【词块必记】 (1)attach sth. to sth. 　　　 把……附在……上 attach importance/significance to 重视, 认为……重要/有意义 (2)attached adj. (作表语)附属于; 依恋 be attached to 附属于; 依恋 (3)attachment n. 附属物; 爱慕, 依恋 【语境速测】 单句语法填空 ①On returning home, she found a note ________ (attach) to the door, reading “Call in later”. ②Learning strategies, __ which teachers attach importance, have not yet drawn enough attention of students. ③The boy is now studying in the middle school ________(attach) to the normal university. attached to attached 句式升级(过去分词短语作状语改写) ④He is so attached to the network games that he often plays truant. →___________________________________, he often plays truant.   Attached to the network games so much 5. lack vi. & vt. 缺乏; 没有 n. 缺乏 【典型例句】 *They lack physical exercise and the skill to communicate with their friends face to face. 他们缺乏体能锻炼和面对面与朋友们交际的能力。 【词块必记】 (1)for lack of　　 因缺乏…… a lack of 缺乏…… (2)lacking adj. 短缺的; 缺乏的 be lacking in 缺少…… 【语境速测】 单句语法填空 ①More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ___ lack of space. ②This is what motivation or the lack __ it can do. 升级句式(动词-ing形式作主语改写) ③He lacks the confidence in his study, which accounts for why he makes little progress. →__________________________________________why he makes little progress.   for of Lacking the confidence in his study accounts for Ⅱ. 核心短语 6. result in导致; 造成 【典型例句】 Research has shown that having a preference for junk food can result in obesity. 研究表明, 偏爱垃圾食品会导致肥胖。 【词块必记】 as a result of　　　　　　　 由于 (后跟原因) result from 起因, 由于 (后跟原因) with the result that. . . 结果…… without result 毫无结果 【语境速测】 单句语法填空 ①I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result __ a disaster. ②As __ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. ③Jenny nearly missed the flight as a result __ doing too much shopping. 文化金句 Competition can be healthy, but if it is pushed too far it can result in bullying. 竞争可以是良性的, 但如果被推向极端, 就会导致恃强凌弱。 in a of Ⅲ. 经典句式 7. Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.   首先, 探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。 【典型例句】 Listening to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss in some teenagers. 在摇滚音乐会上听很吵的音乐已经造成了一些青少年的听力丧失。 【句型公式】 exploring space是动名词短语在句中作主语。 动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况: (1)位于句首作主语。 (2)用it作形式主语, 把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。常用于“It is no use doing. . . ”, “It is no good doing. . . ”, “It is a waste of time doing. . . ”等句型中。 (3)动名词的复合结构作主语。当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时, 常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格作动名词的逻辑主语, 构成动名词的复合结构。 【语境速测】 完成句子 ①________________________is not a pleasure but a suffer.   在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。 ②__________________was a great encouragement to us.   他们来帮忙对我们是极大的鼓励。 ③It is a waste of time _______________________________.   劝说这样的人加入我们真是浪费时间。 Working in these conditions Their coming to help persuading such a person to join us 【例句赏析】 ①Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 在电视上看新闻成了我的常规之事。 ②Learning to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future. 学会批判性思考是当代小孩未来所必需的一项重要技能。 【难点解析】 1. beyond prep. 在更远处; 超出 【典型例句】 I spent my childhood working, with responsibilities beyond my age. 我的童年是在工作中度过的, 承担着与年龄不相符的责任。 【词块必记】 be beyond sb. 　　　　 使某人无法想象(或理解、做等) beyond belief 不可置信 beyond control 无法控制 beyond description 难以形容 beyond endurance 难以忍受 beyond expectation 出乎意料 beyond hope 没有指望 【语境速测】 单句语法填空 ①Elizabeth has already achieved success _______ her wildest dreams. ②Such test is far _______ the ability of the average schoolkid. 完成句子 ③Everybody was touched ____________(无以言表)after they heard her moving story.   ④It’s quite __________(超出我的理解能力)why such things have been allowed to happen.   beyond beyond beyond words beyond me 【例句赏析】 It had been a success far beyond their expectations. 成功之大远远超过他们的预期。 2. run out 用完; 耗尽 【典型例句】 In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth’s natural resources run out. 在未来, 爱护环境将变得很重要, 因为地球的自然资源濒临枯竭。 【误区释疑】 run out of　及物动词短语, 表示主动含义, 主语一般为人 run out　不及物动词短语, 主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等 (常用进行时表将来) use up　用尽; 吃光 (及物动词短语, 人作主语) give out　用完, 耗尽 (不及物动词短语) 【语境速测】 完成句子 ①Our food is ___________, so we must buy some today.   我们的食物快没有了, 因此今天我们必须买一些。 ②She has ________________all her money and her patience is also ___________.   她已经把钱花光了, 并且她也越来越没有耐心了。 ③Don’t ________________. Leave me some to wash with.   不要把肥皂都用完了。留一些给我用。 ④After a month, their food supplies ________.   一个月以后, 他们的食物储备消耗殆尽。 running out run out of/used up running out use up all the soap gave out 附1： 【话题词汇】 1. 太空科技 rocket(火箭) atmosphere (大气层; 大气) weather satellite(气象卫星) solar system(太阳系) the outer space(外太空) space station(太空站) 2. 前沿科技 biotechnology(生物科技) new frontier(新领域) digital technology(数字技术) artificial intelligence(人工智能) household robot(家用机器人) 3. 实用短语 explore space (探索太空) return to the earth(返回地球) carry out scientific experiments(开展科学实验) launch/send up a satellite(发射卫星) 【话题背诵】 1. Only in this way can we apply science to everyday life. 只有以这样的方式我们才能将科学运用到日常生活中。 2. There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in many different ways. 毫无疑问, 我们以许多不同的方式受益于科学的进步。 3. The new technology has been more widely adopted. 这项新技术被更加广泛地采用。 4. The development of science and technology makes our life more comfortable and convenient. 科技的发展使我们的生活更加舒适方便。 5. Having a mobile phone makes it easier for me to keep in touch with my friends. 有手机使我和朋友保持联系更容易。 【写作点拨】 1. 正反观点式议论文写作指导 正反观点类议论文是指对同一件事情, 人们发表不同的看法, 即正反两种观点。在写作时, 常使用一般现在时。写作格式一般是: 提出问题→两种不同观点→对两种不同观点的论据(理由)逐项作对比→提出自己的观点。 2. 正反观点式议论文模板 导入: 第1段: Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should. . . (导入话题). Our opinions are divided on this topic. (观点有分歧) 正文: 第2段: Most of the students are in favour of it. (正方观点) Here are the reasons. First. . . Second. . . Finally. . . (列出2～3个赞成的理由) 第3段: However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点) Their reasons are as follows. In the first place. . . What’s more. . . In addition. . . (列出2～3个反对的理由) 结论: 第4段: Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more good than harm, so I support it. (个人观点) 3. 正反观点式议论文写作佳句 ①In fact, so little do we know about the universe that we are not even aware how it came into being. 事实上, 我们对宇宙了解很少, 甚至不明白它是如何形成的。 ②There is no doubt that the dream of ordinary people having access to space travel is sure to come true. 毫无疑问, 普通人去太空旅行的梦想一定会实现。 ③Some people are in favour of space exploration, for they believe it will be bound to benefit us. 一些人支持太空探索, 他们认为它一定使我们受益。 ④Actually many countries undertake it and obtain great breakthroughs. 实际上许多国家从事这项活动, 并获得重大的突破。 话题附2： 听说汇 Ⅰ. 根据提示写出下列话题词汇或汉语翻译 1. 在太空　　　　　　　　　________ 2. 高中毕业 ________________________ 3. 身心训练 __________________________ 4. 空闲时间 ________  5. 飞行经验 _______________ 6. be curious about space ___________ 7. daily life in space 在太空的_________ in space  graduate from high school  physical and mental training  free time flying experience  对太空好奇 日常生活 8. can’t wait to do ___________________ 9. plenty of __________ 10. dream to be an astronaut _______________ 11. send sb. up into space _______________ 12. return to the earth _________ 13. set up a space lab _______________ 迫不及待地想做…… 许多; 大量 梦想成为宇航员 把某人送入太空 返回地球 建立太空实验室 Ⅱ. 根据提示完成下面的情境对话, 并分组练习 Jack毕业后想当一名宇航员, 现在他正和Tracy畅谈他的梦想。 Tracy: What’s your dream after you 1. _______________________(高中毕业)?   Jack: I 2. ___________(梦想成为) an astronaut because I 3. _______________ (对……好奇) space.   Tracy: If so, you have to do plenty of 4. _________________________(身心训 练).   graduate from high school dream to be am curious about physical and mental training Jack: Of course. Now I am doing much exercise during my 5. ________(空闲时 间).   Tracy: As far as I know, a good astronaut has much 6. _______________(飞行 经验)and much knowledge about space. How can you do that?   Jack: Well, I want to be a student in Beihang University. Tracy: Oh, it must be fantastic. I 7. ___________(迫不及待地想) see the day when you are in space.   free time flying experience can’t wait to Ⅲ. 用横线标出下列句子中重读的单词 1. The streets are wide and clean. 2. I am so glad to see you again.   3. He asked me to give him a ticket. 4. It’s Peter’s birthday the day after tomorrow.   5. We heard John talking with his English teacher.   6. You will be late if you don’t hurry up.   7. We saw him playing by the river.   8. On my way to school, my bike was broken.   9. The narrow valley was the scene of a famous battle.   10. He takes a walk after supper every day.   Ⅳ. 根据括号里的提示标出句子中重读的单词 1. I am driving now to the market. (Not Tom) 2. I am driving now to the market. (I agreed at last. ) 3. I am driving now to the market. (Not by bike. ) 4. I am driving now to the market. (Not later. ) 5. I am driving now to the market. (Not back from. ) 6. I am driving now to the market. (Not shopping mall. ) 【语音点拨】 句子重读原则 1. 句子中需要重读的单词一般是名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词和代词, 这些词在句中表示“谁”“什么”“何时”, “何地”“怎么样”“为什么”等信息。 I will be driving to the market to buy something to eat, because I am very hungry.   2. 冠词、介词、连词、助动词一般不需要重读。 There are fifty students in the classroom.   3. 当句子中的单词是需要强调的信息时, 一定要重读。 He likes to play basketball best, like her.   $$2025高考英语一轮复习教材核心词汇复习(PPT讲解+练习清单)(人教版2019) 必修第三册Unit 4 I.词汇默写 Ⅰ. 核心单词 1. ____________________ adj. 精神的; 思想的 2. ____________________ n. 交通工具; 车辆 3. ____________________ n. 渴望; 欲望 vt. 渴望; 期望 4. ____________________ vi. &vt. 标志着; 标明; 发信号 n. 信号; 标志 5. ____________________ adv. 否则; 要不然 6. ____________________ prep. 在更远处; 超出 7. ____________________ vt. &vi. 论证; 争辩; 争论 8. ____________________ n. 模式; 图案; 模范 9. ____________________ n. 监视器; 监测仪 vt. 监视; 监测; 监控 10. ____________________ adj. 定期的; 经常的; 正常的 Ⅱ. 拓展单词 1. disappoint vt. 使失望→____________________ adj. 失望的; 沮丧的→____________________ adj. 令人失望的→____________________ n. 失望; 沮丧 2. lack n. 缺乏; 短缺 vt. 没有; 缺乏→____________________ adj. 缺乏的; 没有的; 不足的 3. determine vt. 查明; 确定; 决定→____________________ n. 决定; 确定→____________________ adj. 有决心的; 意志坚定的 4. intelligent adj. 聪明的; 有智力的→ ____________________ n. 智力; 才智 5. desire n. 渴望; 欲望 vt. 渴望; 期望→____________________ adj. 令人满意的→____________________ adj. 渴望的; 想得到的 6. limit v. &n. 限制→____________________ n. 限制, 能力上的不足→____________________ adj. 有限的→____________________ adj. 无限制的; 无界限的 7. attach vt. 系; 绑; 贴; (使)附属→____________________ n. 附件; 喜爱; 连接 8. independent adj. 独立的; 自主的→____________________ adv. 独立地; 自立地→____________________ n. 独立 9. sufficient adj. 足够的→____________________ n. 足够; 充分 10. current adj. 当前的; 现在的→ ____________________ n. 水流; 电流; 通货; 货币 III.核心短语 1. ____________________ 最后  2. ____________________ 为了; 以便  3. ____________________ 所以; 结果(是)  4. ____________________ 继续做; 坚持干  5. ____________________ 提供生活所需  6. ____________________ 对……感到好奇  7. ____________________ 有限的资源  8. ____________________ 弄懂; 弄清楚  9. ____________________ 在飞船上; 在船上; 在飞机上  10. ____________________ 导致; 造成  11. ____________________ 抱着……希望  IV.经典句式 1. 句型公式: make+宾语+宾语补足语 These disasters ____________________(让每个人都感到悲伤和失望), but the desire to explore the universe never died.   2. 句型公式: That/This is because. . . 意为“那/这是因为……” ____________________(这是因为) people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.   3. 句型公式: 动名词短语在句中作主语 Firstly, ____________________(探索太空) has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.   4. 句型公式: It+be+形容词+(for/of sb. ) to do sth. 对某人来说, 做……是…… ____________________(有必要)find a new home for people in space, as the resources on Earth will run out.   参考答案 Ⅰ. 核心单词 1. mental adj. 精神的; 思想的 2. vehicle n. 交通工具; 车辆 3. desire n. 渴望; 欲望 vt. 渴望; 期望 4. signal vi. &vt. 标志着; 标明; 发信号 n. 信号; 标志 5. otherwise adv. 否则; 要不然 6. beyond prep. 在更远处; 超出 7. argue vt. &vi. 论证; 争辩; 争论 8. pattern n. 模式; 图案; 模范 9. monitor n. 监视器; 监测仪 vt. 监视; 监测; 监控 10. regular adj. 定期的; 经常的; 正常的 Ⅱ. 拓展单词 1. disappoint vt. 使失望→disappointed adj. 失望的; 沮丧的→disappointing adj. 令人失望的→disappointment n. 失望; 沮丧 2. lack n. 缺乏; 短缺 vt. 没有; 缺乏→lacking adj. 缺乏的; 没有的; 不足的 3. determine vt. 查明; 确定; 决定→determination n. 决定; 确定→determined adj. 有决心的; 意志坚定的 4. intelligent adj. 聪明的; 有智力的→ intelligence n. 智力; 才智 5. desire n. 渴望; 欲望 vt. 渴望; 期望→desirable adj. 令人满意的→desired adj. 渴望的; 想得到的 6. limit v. &n. 限制→limitation n. 限制, 能力上的不足→limited adj. 有限的→limitless adj. 无限制的; 无界限的 7. attach vt. 系; 绑; 贴; (使)附属→attachment n. 附件; 喜爱; 连接 8. independent adj. 独立的; 自主的→independently adv. 独立地; 自立地→independence n. 独立 9. sufficient adj. 足够的→sufficiency n. 足够; 充分 10. current adj. 当前的; 现在的→ currency n. 水流; 电流; 通货; 货币 III.核心短语 1. in closing 最后  2. so as to (do sth. ) 为了; 以便  3. as a result 所以; 结果(是)  4. carry on 继续做; 坚持干  5. provide for sb. 提供生活所需  6. be curious about 对……感到好奇  7. limited resource 有限的资源  8. figure out 弄懂; 弄清楚  9. on board 在飞船上; 在船上; 在飞机上  10. result in 导致; 造成  11. in the hope of 抱着……希望  IV.经典句式 1. 句型公式: make+宾语+宾语补足语 These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed(让每个人都感到悲伤和失望), but the desire to explore the universe never died.   2. 句型公式: That/This is because. . . 意为“那/这是因为……” This is because(这是因为) people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.   3. 句型公式: 动名词短语在句中作主语 Firstly, exploring space(探索太空) has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.   4. 句型公式: It+be+形容词+(for/of sb. ) to do sth. 对某人来说, 做……是…… It is necessary to(有必要)find a new home for people in space, as the resources on Earth will run out.   II.综合练习 一、单句填空 1．It’s just not worth risking his life (escape) being punished. 2．They have the confidence and ability (handle) the important matter well. 3．Dequina studies the area carefully, (figure) out where the eggs have been buried. 4．If you read fast every day, you are bound (improve) your English level. 5．The boy is asked (wash) his clothes every day. 6．Though (lack) natural resources, the area is well developed. 7．I think children should develop the habit of working and living (independence)． 8．Now that you have reached the age of 18, you should be (independence) of your parents. 9．The price of the house is so high that it is well our range. 10．In the future, our smart home (monitor) our health for us every day. 11．He had an urge (open) a shop of his own. 12．What the scientists did on Chang’e-5 paid off at last, which inspires more and more Chinese people (devote) themselves to further space research. 13．When asked who the first Asian (win) the Noble Prize in Literature is, Steven looked blank. 14．It’s not what happens to us that (determine) our lives—it’s what we make of what happens. 15．Wilson often goes beyond to (sure) the welfare and safety of the students. 16．Having finished a string of things, he cracks a smile and is in the mood (walk) on the lawn. 17．They are (determine) to find out the cause of the accident. 18．I work like crazy in the summer and part-time (cover) most of my costs. 19．Because of their small size and weight, they cannot (recycle). 20．I’m writing a letter, expecting your newspaper to appeal to the public (pay)more attention to the protection of the environment. 21．We have been having friendly (argue) on politics. 22．Sir Edmund Hillary and Robert Falcon Scott were the first explorers (reach) the Antarctic continent. 23．He was too careless, and,   a result, he made a fatal mistake.   24．How do (astronaut) do exercise in the space? 25．The e­bikes, which can run about 30km an hour, enable users (cover) long distances and save time. 26．What I love best about Sichuan hot pots is that they offer a great opportunity (socialize) with friends since a meal can last for hours. 27．I provide him all his rights. 28．She often travels to Kashgar, Hotan and Aksu in southern Xinjiang (explore) how local ethnic people live. 29．Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher（灭火器）can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result personal property. 30．My friends who have been running for longer are trying to convince me (train) for a marathon in the fall. 31．After a short absence from school because of a surgery, he returned and carried his study. 32．jaywalking blocks traffic, seriously (affect) drivers and causes accidents (happen), endangering the (safe) of passers-by and drivers. 33．中国是继美国和苏联后第三个取回月球样本的国家。(retrieve) China is the third country , after the United States and the Soviet Union. 34．The whole thing seems very (mystery). 35．Despite his disability, he enjoys running and has been exercising (regular) since he was a child. 36．Our tour includes a chance (walk) in the footstep of Van Gogh and Gauguin. 37． (earn) a living, some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown. 38．My father was the gentlest, most loving and caring dad in the world, but one day we had an (argue). 39．This company was the first (produce) portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world. 40．Don’t worry. I’ll have it (type)and get someone ( send) it to you tomorrow. 41．For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 42．Students who are brave enough (take) this  adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills 43．The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 44． (guarantee) the food quality,some food companies have begun to take necessary safety measures. 45．Devoting your energy to English will enable you (master) the language. 46．He was observed (steal) money. 47．She is old enough (dress) herself. 48． (replace) meat actually, researchers need to increase the rice's protein content significantly. 49．The deadline of the competition is drawing near, so the monitor urges us (speed) up. 50．He dived from the bridge (rescue) the drowning child. 51．The plan was dropped in the face of (坚决的) opposition. 52．She has become the first female physicist of her country (receive) the Prize. 53．You can still avoid holiday weight gain by taking every opportunity (stay) physically active. 54．Facebook is considering to make its website page (look) more beautiful. 55． (help) the villagers improve their living conditions, the volunteers worked hard day and night. 56．Advanced technology should be used (enhance)human beings’ happiness rather than do harm to them. 57．The astronauts have been exercising (regular)and eating healthy diets to reduce the effects of living in a microgravity environment. 58．The manager needs an assistant that he can depend on (take) care of problems when he’s away on holiday. 59．Our government will try to beautify the city and with trees and flowers (plant) everywhere, our city will take on a new look. 60．I didn’t mean you (clean) the table, but thank you. 61．The manager is the last (inform) the surprising news. 62．The ceremony (transmit) by satellite to over fifty countries. 63．Students should do something to make themselves (mental) strong. 64．Considering that he didn’t have the potential (conduct) the research well, the boss fired him. 65．Susan is a woman of high (intelligent) who knows her own mind. 66．As we know, important social skills, which enable us (develop) lifelong friendships, are developed through direct contact with others. 67．One of the benefits of the Internet was its ability (remove) the distance that usually exists between people. 68．For all of you, there is plenty of time (change) your bad habits. 69．Maybe the earth has been visited by (intelligence)creatures from outer space. 70．In modern society, not a single country can be (independence) of other countries. 71．On his arrival, he set reading his English book. 72．The children were (disappoint) because they couldn’t go to the amusement park. 73． closing, we followed the signals and found the agency. 74．As we all know, lack of formal education will limit your job opportunities. 75．She determined (work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time. 语法填空 76．Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area. 77．Scientists have responded by   (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are. 78．A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. 79．Nervously (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”. 80．When we got a call (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke. 81．On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take (get)there. 82．On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 83．When the children are walking or (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them. 84．But some students didn't want (wear) the uniform. 85．You don't have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running. 86．Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality. 87．That prevented the emission (排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele. 88．I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel (challenge). 89．Once his message was delivered, he allowed me (stay) and watch. 90．I still remember (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. 91．Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 92．By (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 93．This included digging up the road, (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. 94．She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh­faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A­level course. But unlike her school friends, 16­year­old Sarah is not spending half­term (rest). 95．But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. 96．Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband searched the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says. She never replaced it. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. 97．I was the first Western TV reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 98．If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely (bring) your work home. 99．Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create) special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. 100．Do you find yourself getting impatient or annoyed with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better control your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you. To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (get ) ill. 101．She was a very caring/careful mother. For 25days,she never left her baby, not even to find something (eat)! 102．A study of travelers (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 103．Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 104．The adobe dwellings (土坯房) (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. 105．Today there are more airplanes (carry) more people than ever before in the skies. 106．He came (show) me his new science book. 107．I was full of anxiety, but I pretended to be calm and fought the urge (run) off the stage. 108．I never felt an urge (learn) any sign language before. 109．One of the most important questions they had to consider was of public health. 110．The first creature (orbit) our planet was just 2 years old. Her name was Laika. She was a good dog. 111．The moment I went to bed, my mother reminded me (wind) up the alarm clock. 112．The website gives new learners the chance (learn) from experts. 113．This hospital (attach) to the medical college nearby was destroyed in the flood. 114．As our family income decreased, Father argued an increase in our pocket money.   115．In 1957 the Soviet Union successfully launched the first satellite (orbit) the earth. 116．With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank (buy) presents for my dad. 117． (operate) more efficiently, the department is introducing changes. 118．Attention, please! I have an announcement (make). 119．You’re an (intelligence) woman, surely you realize by now that I’m helping you. 二、语法填空 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mars is 120 (true) a fascinating planet for those of us here on Earth. As our nearest planetary neighbour, it is one of the few planets that we can see with our naked eye. Mars is the 121 (four) planet from the Sun and the second smallest planet in the solar system, about half of 122 size of Earth. Often it 123 (refer) to as the “Red Planet” because of its red surface. The Red Planet has the largest volcano in the solar system-Olympus Mons, 124 is roughly 27 kilometres high. Many scientists believe that studying Mars can help us find answers 125 some key questions about our planet Earth, or even the universe. Since 1960, a large number of countries 126 (attempt) Mars missions. Although they have lost many spacecraft in their quest to explore the Red Planet, they will still continue their 127 (explore). Chinese experts are confident about their plan to explore Mars, despite so many challenges. “ 128 (launch) the first Mars probe from Wenchang around 2020 is our first step. China will continue exploring strange new worlds 129 (find) out the secrets of the universe.” 2 Science fiction pioneer and writer Wu Yan won the National Outstanding Children’s Literature Award in 2021 for his latest work China Orbit. The book focuses on the development of the Chinese aerospace industry, and it 130 (inspire) by the planning and preparation for China’s first but canceled manned spacecraft “Shuguang 1”, also 131 (know) as “Project 714”, during the late 1960s and early 1970s. 132 (part) based on Wu’s own experiences in the 1970s, the book is a 133 (combine) of reality and fiction, and in some ways his own memoirs (回忆录) were added 134 the science fiction. This innovative and unique writing method 135 (make) the book stand out and has even stirred up a debate on how 136 (categorize) it. Is it science fiction, popular science, children’s literature, or aerospace literature? Science fiction writer Liu Cixin, author of The Three-Body Problem, believes China Orbit is too 137 (complicate) to be grouped under a single category. He regards China Orbit as 138 unique science fiction novel 139 vividly shows a child’s real-life experience in a military camp of a specific era. 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 By 1:16 am Monday, spacewalking Shenzhou-13 members Zhai Zhigang and Wang Yaping 140 (return) to China’s Tianhe space station core module (核心舱) safely. According to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA), 141 (they) spacewalk lasted for about 6.5 hours and the two completed all 142 (plan) tasks. The CMSA said that their spacewalk, the first of the Shenzhou—13 tasks has 143 (far) proved the ability of Chinese astronauts to work in space. 144 scheduled, The Shenz-hou—13 crew will carry out one or two spacewalks. Manned space exploration is aimed 145 preparing for future space immigration, so without women’s 146 (participate), these efforts would be incomplete. Therefore, the CMSA attaches great importance to Wang 147 (become) the first Chinese woman to walk in space. Wang, a 41-year-old taikonaut, 148 (select) to be part of the crew of the Shenzhou—10 space mission in April 2013, delivering China’s first televised science lecture in space to 149 audience of more than 60 million schoolchildren and teachers. Wang will also deliver another space lecture, something many netizens are looking forward to, as the last one in 2013 was a big success. 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 We humans are crazy about space. Scientists work hard, 150 (hope) to have a better understanding of it. Before the mid-20th century, most people thought it an impossible dream to travel to space. 151 , some scientists were determined to realize it. After many experiments, the Sputnik 1 satellite 152 (launch) by the USSR took Yuri Gagarin to space, 153 marked the start of space age. Though space mission disasters happened, resulting in sadness and disappointment, the desire 154 (explore) the universe never ended. People believe in the 155 (important) of carrying on space exploration in spite of huge risks. China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but 156 has made great progress in a short time. China sent humans into space in 2003 157 (independent). After that, China made many 158 (breakthrough) in space exploration. More recently, China’s Shenzhou-14 spaceship has successfully docked. The future of space exploration remains bright. Hopefully, the future discoveries 159 (enable) us to understand the universe’s origin and help us survive into the future. 5 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 India became the fourth country to reach the moon after it successfully landed its Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft 160 August 23 last year. While India follows Russia, the US, and China to the moon, it is the first 161 (land) on a lunar pole. Chandrayaan-3 achieved a “soft landing”- landing gently, without damage, 162 enabled it to employ a rover(探月车) to explore the lunar surface. The lunar south pole is 163 subject of interest for scientists, particularly because of the 164 (discover) of traces of water ice. Water is important for future space exploration, serving as a possible fuel source for rockets. The mission has already made 165 (excite) findings. According to the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), the rover has found sulfur(硫磺) and several other 166 (element). These findings are important as they add to our understanding of the moon. This mission also puts India on the map as a rising power in space exploration. The ISRO 167 (conduct) the mission with a budget of about US$75 million, 168 (significant) lower than similar projects by other nations. This achievement for India is not just a win for the country 169 also a super significant step forward for global efforts in space exploration. 参考答案 一、 1．to escape 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：冒着生命危险逃避惩罚是不值得的。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处只能作非谓语，此处为目的状语，应用to do不定式。故填to escape。 2．to handle 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们有信心和能力处理好重要的事情。修饰名词ability，空处需填动词不定式作后置定语。故填to handle。 3．figuring 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：德奎娜仔细研究了这个地区，找出了这些卵被埋的地方。分析句子结构可知figure与逻辑主语Dequina 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填figuring。 4．to improve 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：如果你每天都读的很快，那么你将必定会提升你的英语水平。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要固定搭配：be bound to do sth.“一定做某事”的意思。故答案为to improve。 5．to wash 【解析】考查不定式。句意：这个男孩被要求每天洗衣服。be asked to do sth.“被要求做某事”，应用wash“洗”的不定式。故填to wash。 6．lacking 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管缺乏自然资源，但该地区发展良好。分析可知，空处应填非谓语动词和though构成让步状语，逻辑主语the area和lack之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填lacking。 7．independently 【解析】考查副词。句意：我认为孩子应该养成独立工作和生活的习惯。分析句子结构可知，空处需填副词作状语，修饰动名词working和living。故填independently。 8．independent 【解析】考查形容词。句意：现在你已经18岁了，你应该独立于你的父母。be动词后面接形容词independent，作表语，be independent of为固定搭配，意为“独立于……之外”。故填independent。 9．beyond 【解析】考查介词。句意：这房子的价格太高，远远超出了我们的承受范围。分析句子可知，此处应为介词；根据句意，应用beyond，表示“超出我们的承受范围”。故填beyond。 10．will be monitoring 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在未来，我们的智能家居将每天为我们监测我们的健康状况。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语，所以monitor作本句谓语，根据时间状语In the future，应该用一般将来时，以及every day描述的是一直持续的状态，所以应是将来进行时。故填will be monitoring。 11．to open 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：他很想开一家自己的商店。have an urge to do sth.是固定短语，意为“有做某事的冲动”。故填to open。 12．to devote 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们在嫦娥五号上所做的最终得到了回报，它激励着越来越多的中国人致力于进一步的太空研究。结合句意表示“激励某人做某事”可知短语为inspire sb. to do sth.。故填to devote。 13．to win 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当被问到谁是第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的亚洲人时，Steven一脸茫然。当名词前有序数词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。故填to win。 14．determines 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活——是我们对所发生的事情的理解。分析句子可知，本句是一个强调句型，强调主语what happens to us，空格处是句子的谓语，时态用一般现在时，且用单数形式。故填determines。 15．ensure 【解析】考查动词。句意：威尔逊经常竭尽全力确保学生的福利和安全。分析句子结构，动词不定式做目的状语，根据空白处前面的动词不定式符号可知空白处应填动词原形，故填ensure。 16．to walk 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：做完一连串的事情后，他笑了笑，心情很好，想在草坪上散步。根据空格前的in the mood可知，此处用提示词的动词不定式作后置定语构成固定短语in the mood to do sth表示“有心情作某事”。故填to walk。 17．determined 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他们下定决心找出事故的原因。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语be determined to do sth.，意为“下定决心做某事”。故填determined。 18．to cover 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我在夏天拼命工作，做兼职来支付大部分开销。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“work”,故空处需填非谓语动词，结合句意可知，我拼命工作的目的是去支付大部分开销。故用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to cover。 19．be recycled 【解析】考查语态。句意：由于它们的体积和重量小，它们不能被回收。此处主语they与recycle构成被动关系，且cannot后跟动词原形。故填be recycled。 20．to pay 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我正在写一封信，期望你们的报纸能呼吁公众更加注意保护环境。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语appeal to sb. to do sth.，意为“呼吁某人做某事”，空处应填动词不定式作宾补。故填to pay。 21．arguments 【解析】考查名词。句意：我们一直在就政治问题进行友好的辩论。不止一个辩论，用可数名词argument (争论、辩论)的复数形式作宾语。故填arguments。 22．to reach 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：埃德蒙·希拉里爵士和罗伯特·法尔肯·斯科特是第一批到达南极大陆的探险家。根据句意以及the first explorers可知，空处应用动词不定式修饰the first explorers，作后置定语。故填to reach。 23．as 【解析】考查介词。句意：他太粗心了， 结果犯了一个致命的错误。as a result 表示“结果是”，为固定搭配。故填as。 24．astronauts 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：宇航员如何在太空中锻炼？astronaut宇航员，可数名词，由助动词do可知此处应用复数形式作主语。故填astronauts。 25．to cover 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些电动自行车每小时可行驶约30公里，使用户能够长途骑行，节省时间。此处为短语enable sb. to do sth.表示“使某人能够做某事”。故填to cover。 26．to socialize 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我最喜欢四川火锅的地方是，它提供了一个与朋友社交的好机会，因为一顿饭可以吃上几个小时。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配an opportunity to do sth.，意为“做某事的机会”，动词不定式作后置定语，修饰抽象名词opportunity。故填to socialize。 27．with 【解析】考查介词。句意：我提供他所以属于他的权利。表示提供给某人某事可以用provide somebody with something或provide something for somebody，根据题干中him得知，故填with。 28．to explore 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她经常去新疆南部的喀什、和田和阿克苏，探索当地少数民族的生活方式。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作非谓语动词，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to explore。 29．in 【解析】考查介词。句意：不负责任地使用灭火器可能对其他居民引起危险情况，也可能导致个人财产的损失。根据句意可知空格处表达：导致，因此要用 result in。故空格处填in。 30．to train 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：跑龄比我长的朋友劝我进行训练，在秋季参加马拉松比赛。convince sb. to do sth.固定搭配，意为“说服某人做某事”。故填to train。 31．on 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：他因为手术暂时休学后，回到学校继续学习。表示“继续”短语为carry on，故填on。 32． affects to happen safety 【解析】考查动词、非谓语动词和名词。句意：乱穿马路阻塞交通，严重影响了司机并且引起事故的发生，危害了路人和司机的安全。空格1在句中作谓语，由and并列结构可知，affect和cause是并列谓语，应填一般现在时的第三人称单数形式，结合句意“影响”是affects；空格2在句中作宾语补足语，固定短语cause sth. to do 意为“引起某事发生”，结合句意“发生”，空格2应填to happen；根据空格3前面的定冠词the可知，空格处填名词，在句中作 endangering的宾语，结合句意“安全”是safety。 33．to retrieve lunar samples 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处作后置定语，修饰the third country，当动词修饰的名词或代词前有序数词、形容词最高级时，应用动词不定式形式，“取回”译为retrieve，“月球样本”译为lunar samples。故填to retrieve lunar samples。 34．mysterious 【解析】考查形容词。句意：整件事似乎很神秘。分析句子可知，seems为系动词，其后用形容词作表语，mystery对应的形容词为mysterious（神秘的）。故填mysterious。 35．regularly 【解析】考查副词。句意：尽管有残疾，但他喜欢跑步，从小就经常锻炼。此处修饰动词exercise，应用副词regularly，作状语。故填regularly。 36．to walk 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的旅行包括有机会跟随梵高和高更的脚步。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词includes，空处需填动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词chance。故填to walk。 37．To earn 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。opened up是谓语动词，空格处应填动词不定式作目的状语。故填To earn。 38．argument 【解析】考查名词。句意：我的父亲是这世上最温柔、最慈爱、最体贴的父亲，但有一天我们吵了一架。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用名词argument，作用宾语，由不定冠词an可知，应用名词单数形式。故填argument。 39．to produce 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：这家公司是世界上第一家生产便携式收音机和盒式磁带录音机的公司。the first后常接动词不定式to do作后置定语，表示“第一个做……的”。故填to produce。 40． typed to send 【解析】考查非谓语。句意：别担心。我会把它打出来，明天叫人寄给你。固定搭配have sth done“让……被做”，get sb to do sth“让某人去做某事”。故填typed和to send。 41．to teach 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来教导或传递智慧。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“have told”，故空处需填非谓语动词，根据句意可知，“_____a lesson or to pass on wisdom”是讲寓言的目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 42．to take 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：有足够勇气参加这门冒险的同学们肯定会学到很多有用的技能。固定结构：形容词+enough+to do意为“足够……做某事”，空处应为不定式做状语，故填to take。 43．to be completed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：明年完工的机场将有助于促进该地区的旅游业。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作定语，根据时间状语next year可知，该动作将要发生，且complete与the airport之间为被动关系。故填to be completed。 44．To guarantee 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保证食品质量，一些食品公司已开始采取必要的安全措施。 根据句意可知，该处为动词不定式to do sth作目的状语意为“为了……”。故填To guarantee。 45．to master 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：把你的精力投入英语会使你掌握这门语言。enable sb. to do....意为“使某人能够做……”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to master。 46．to steal 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他被人看见偷钱。observe somebody do something表示看到某人做某事，被动时动词不定式中的to不能省略，作宾补，“被看到”用be observed to do表示，故填to steal。 47．to dress 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她已经足够大，可以自己穿衣服了。“be +形容词+enough +to do”表示“足够……去做某事”。故填to dress。 48．To replace 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：实际上，为了替代肉类，研究人员需要显著增加大米的蛋白质含量。非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填To replace。 49．to speed 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：比赛的截止日期快到了，所以班长催促我们加快速度。 urge sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，译为“催促某人做某事”；根据英文提示，故填to speed。 50．to rescue 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他从桥上跳入水中去救溺水的孩子。rescue在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to rescue。 51．determined 【解析】考查形容词。句意：面对坚决反对，该计划被放弃了。根据中文提示可知，表示“坚决的”可用形容词determined，在本句中作定语。故填determined。 52．to receive 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：她成为该国首位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女物理学家。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语the first…to do…“第一个做某事的……”，所以此处为动词不定式作后置定语。故填to receive。 53．to stay 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：你仍然可以通过抓住每一个机会保持身体活跃来避免假日体重增加。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to stay。 54．look 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：脸书正在考虑让自己的网页看起来更漂亮。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做宾语补足语，因空白处表示的是一个不确定的具体动作，应使用动词不定式，根据动词不定式的用法，当动词不定式在make等表示“使、让”含义的词后作宾语补足语的时候，省略动词不定式符号to，使用动词原形，故填look。 55．To help 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了帮助村民改善生活条件，志愿者们夜以继日地工作。分析句子可知，本句有谓语worked，此处使用非谓语动词。结合句意表目的，用不定式作状语；首字母大写。故填To help。 56．to enhance 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：先进的技术应该用来增进人类的幸福，而不是伤害他们。此次考查动词短语use sth to do sth，意为“用……做……”本句为被动语态，设空处应用动词不定式，表目的状语。故填to enhance。 57．regularly　 【解析】考查副词。句意：航天员们一直在有规律地锻炼身体并保持健康饮食，以减少在微重力环境下生活所产生的影响。空处作状语，修饰动词have been exercising，应用副词形式。故填regularly。 58．to take 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：经理需要一个靠得住的助手，在他外出度假时帮他处理问题。分析句子可知，that引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词an assistant，先行词在从句中作depend on的宾语，此处用了固定短语depend on sb. to do sth.，意为“依靠某人做某事”，空处应用take的不定式形式，作宾语补足语。故填to take。 59．to plant 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的政府将努力美化城市，到处种植树木和鲜花，我们的城市将呈现新的面貌。分析句子可知，提示词是with复合结构中宾语补足语，是非谓语动词，结合句意，表示将要去做的事情，应用不定式形式to plant；注意：with复合结构中不定式主动表被动。故填to plant。 60．to clean 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我不是要你擦桌子，不过还是谢谢你。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作宾补，根据固定用法mean sb. to do sth.意为“打算让某人做某事”可知，此处应为不定式形式，结合句意可知，clean与逻辑主语you之间为主动关系。故填to clean。 61．to be informed 【解析】考查不定式。句意：经理是最后一个得知这个惊人消息的人。分析可知，空格处应该填入不定式形式作定语，修饰前面的the last；又因为the last和动词inform之间是被动关系，所以应该用不定式的被动语态to be informed作定语。故填to be informed。 62．was transmitted 【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：仪式通过卫星向超过50个国家现场转播。分析句子可知，动词transmit“传送，传输”，该词作为句子谓语，它和主语ceremony之间是被动关系，再根据描述过去的事情可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，transmit的过去分词是transmitted，主语是单数，故填was transmitted。 63．mentally 【解析】考查副词。句意：学生应该做一些事情，使自己的精神强大。修饰形容词strong，需用副词mentally，作状语。故填mentally。 64．to conduct 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：考虑到他没有做好这项研究的潜力，老板解雇了他。固定搭配the potential to do sth.“做某事的潜力”，其中不定式作后置定语修饰potential。故填to conduct。 65．intelligence 【解析】考查名词。句意：苏珊是一个很有主见的聪明女人。句中be of+抽象名词为固定短语，该结构相当于be+抽象名词的形容词。intelligent的名词是intelligence，be of of intelligence相当于be intelligent，意为“智力高的、聪明的”。故填intelligence。 66．to develop 【解析】考查不定式。句意：正如我们所知，重要的社交技能是通过与他人的直接接触而发展起来的，它使我们能够发展终身的友谊。固定搭配enable sb to do sth意为“使某人能够做某事”，设空处应填动词develop的不定式to develop，作宾语补足语。故填to develop。 67．to remove 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：互联网的好处之一是它能够消除人们之间通常存在的距离。ability to do...意为“做……的能力”，不定式作后置定语。故填to remove。 68．to change 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：对于你们所有人来说，有足够的时间来改变你的坏习惯。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处表示将来的动作，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to change。 69．intelligent 【解析】考查形容词。句意：也许地球上有来自外太空的智能生物。根据空格后的名词creatures可知，此处应该用提示词的形容词形式intelligent来修饰名词，表示“智能的”生物，符合语境。故填intelligent。 70．independent 【解析】考查形容词。句意：在现代社会，没有一个国家可以独立于其他国家。be independent of脱离……而独立。根据句意，故填independent。 71．about 【解析】考查介词。句意：他一到达就开始阅读他的英语书。分析句子可知，空格处和动词set构成固定短语set about doing开始做某事。故填about。 72．disappointed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：孩子们很失望，因为他们不能去游乐园。此处用形容词作表语说明主语人The children的状态，修饰形容人用-ed结尾的形容词disappointed。故填disappointed。 73．In 【解析】考查介词。句意：最后，我们根据信号找到了该机构。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语in closing表示“最后,总结”。位于句首时首字母大写。故填In。 74．a 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：众所周知，缺乏正式的教育将限制你的求职机会。a lack of为固定短语，意为“缺乏”。故填a。 75．to work 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：她决定加倍努力工作，以弥补失去的时间。determine to do sth.决定做某事，固定搭配，所以空处需用动词不定式作宾语。故填to work。 76．to perform 77．noting 78．being 79．facing 80．saying 81．to get 82．listening 83．cycling 84．to wear 85． to see dying 86．to improve 87．feeding 88． looking challenged 89．to stay 90．visiting 91．to process 92．eating 93．laying 94．resting 95．to prove 96． to cook swept 97． permitted introducing 98．to bring 99． to create using 100．to get 101．to eat 102．conducted 103．living 104．built 105．carrying 【解析】76．考查不定式。句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后，常用不定式表原因或目的，故此处填to perform。 77．考查动名词作宾语。句意：科学家回应指出饥饿的熊可能会聚集在人类居住区周围，会导致人们错误地认为，熊的数量比实际数量要多。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词宾语，主语Scientists与note之间是主动关系，所以用动名词的主动形式。故填noting。 78．考查动名词作宾语。句意：一位90岁的老人由于成为英国最年长的全职职员——一周仍然工作40个小时，而被授予“风云女性”。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。 79．考查现在分词作状语。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。 80．考查现在分词作状语。句意：当我们接到电话，说她是入选的候选人，我们认为这是个玩笑。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。 81．考查不定式。句意：在我们去房子的路上，雨下得很大，我们禁不住想知道还要多长时间才能到达那里。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，it是其形式主语，故填to get。 82．考查非谓语动词。句意：在我们一周长留宿的最后一天，我们被邀请去参加夜空下北海岸上举行的一个私人音乐会，听一些音乐家演奏，与当地一些有趣的人见面。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以本题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。 83．考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。 84．考查不定式作宾语。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth.想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。 85．（1）考查不定式作目的状语。句意：你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。 （2）考查动名词。句意：你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。 86．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。本句没有连词，且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，应用不定式。故填to improve。 87．考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，故填feeding。 88．考查动名词与过去分词。句意：我迅速的低下头，闪躲住我的头去避免直视他的眼睛这样他就不会感觉有挑战性。（1）考查动名词作宾语。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。故填looking。 （2）考查过去分词作表语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，应用过去分词。故填challenged。 89．考查非谓语动词。句意：他的信息一被传达，他允许我留下来观看。固定短语allow sb. to do意为“允许某人做某事”，符合句意。故填to stay。 90．考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得有一我去拜访一位住在这里已经五年的朋友，当我知道她一直没有做过一次饭的时候很是吃惊。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.，故填visiting。 91．考查不定式。句意：脂肪和盐是饮食中很重要的部分。它们是加工我们所吃的食物所必需的，以便我们从受伤中恢复体力以及身体的各项机能。需要它们来加工我们所吃的食物。 require表示“要求”， require to do sth.表示“要求做某事”，被动形式为be required to do sth，表示“被要求做某事”。故填to process。 92．考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将获得比他们饮食中需要的更多的盐和脂肪。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。 93．考查非谓语动词。句意：这包含挖路，铺铁轨，然后在上边建一个结实的顶。此处用lay的动名词形式laying与前面的digging形成并列。该词填空难度较大，若考生未辨明lie—lying/lay/lain和lay—laying/laid/laid等特殊词形变化会导致错误。故填laying。 94．考查非谓语动词。句意：不像其它的同学，16岁的Sarah没有花费半学期休息。spend…(in) doing sth是固定句式，意为“花……做某事”。故填resting。 95．考查动词不定式。句意：但是莎拉，她和顶级模特一起已经参加了演出，想要证明她不仅仅拥有美貌，还拥有头脑。want to do sth.为固定搭配，故用动词不定式。故填to prove。 96．（1）考查不定式。句意：16年前，Pahlsson为了做饭已经取下了钻戒。此处不定式表示目的。语境为“取下戒指来做饭”，故填to cook。 （2）考查过去分词。句意：Pahlsson和她的丈夫现在认为戒指可能被扫进了一堆厨房垃圾里。此处是get done结构，表示被动，意为“被扫进了垃圾堆”。故填swept。 97．（1）考查过去分词。句意：我是第一个西部电视台报道员被允许去拍摄一个特别的机构，这个机构照顾从野外营救回来的挨饿的熊猫。被修饰的名词和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词。故填permitted。 （2）考查动名词。句意：我的大使职责将包含在成都给英国参观者介绍这120多个大熊猫。介词后面应该用动名词形式。故填introducing。 98．考查不定式。句意：你就不太可能把工作带回家去做，因为你找到了你喜欢做的事情。形容词短语be likely to do sth.意为“可能做某事”，为固定搭配。故填 to bring。 99．（1）考查不定式作目的状语。句意：技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来，以创造出特殊风格的筷子。这里用不定式表目的，故填to create。 （2）考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：人们可能使用大锅煮食物，用树枝把锅移开，use的逻辑主语是people，两者是主动关系，用现在分词表示伴随状况，故填using。 100．考查不定式。句意：如果你生活中的压力超过150，你就非常有可能生病了。形容词短语be likely to do sth.意为“可能做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to get。 101．考查不定式。句意：她是一个非常关心且细心的妈妈。25天了，她从来没有离开过她的宝宝，甚至没有去找东西吃。此处是动词不定式放在不定代词后面作后置定语，故填to eat。 102．考查过去分词作定语。网站TripAdvisor做的一个关于旅行者的研究认为阳朔是全世界最好的10大目的地之一。分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词; conduct与其逻辑主语study之间为被动关系，故填conducted。 103．考查现在分词作定语。句意：香港的一个旅游公司说它经常给生活在香港和上海的人提供快速通道。考查分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词;live与其逻辑主语people之间为主动关系，故填现在分词。故填living。 104．考查过去分词作定语。句意：美国西南部的普韦布洛印第安人建的土坯房被很多现代设计师和工程师所羡慕。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词；土坯房是被建造的，故用过去分词作定语，表被动。故填built。 105．考查现在分词作定语。句意：现在天空比之前有更多的飞机载人飞行。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词；carry与其逻辑主语airplanes之间是主动关系，故填carrying。 106．to show 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他来给我看他的科学新书。在句中, 用不定式可作目的状语。故填to show。 107．to run 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我充满了焦虑，但我假装平静，克制着想要跑下舞台的冲动。此处考查短语fight the urge to do，意为“克制做某事的冲动”，设空处为动词不定式，作名词urge的后置定语。故填to run。 108．to learn 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我以前从未有过学习手语的冲动。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定短语搭配：feel an urge to do sth.意为“有做某事的冲动”，动词不定式作后置定语。故填to learn。 109．that 【解析】考查代词。句意：他们必须考虑的最重要的问题之一是公共卫生问题。此处指上文提到的“问题”中的“公共问题”，为同类异物的特指，应用that。故填that。 110．to orbit 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第一个绕地球运行的生物才两岁。她叫Laika，是条好狗。the +序数词+名词+to do是固定用法，意为“第几个做......的......”，所以此处应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to orbit。 111．to wind 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我一上床睡觉，妈妈就提醒我把闹钟上发条。remind sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“提醒某人做某事”，其中动词不定式作宾语补足语。wind up意为“给（钟表等）上发条”。故填to wind。 112．to learn 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：该网站为初学者提供了向专家学习的机会。chance后常接动词不定式作定语，表示“做某事的机会”。故填to learn。 113．attached 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这家附属于附近医学院的医院在洪水中被毁。句中was destroyed为谓语，空处为非谓语动词，非谓语动词attach和逻辑主语hospital之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作后置定语。故填attached。 114．against 【解析】考查介词。句意：由于我们家的收入降低，父亲反对增加我的零花钱。根据argue against (反对)可知，故填against。 115．to orbit 【解析】考查不定式。句意：1957年，苏联成功地发射了第一颗绕地球轨道运行的卫星。satellite前有序数词first修饰，空格处用不定式作后置定语，故填to orbit。 116．to buy 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：父亲节快到了，我从银行里取出一些钱给爸爸买礼物。设空处在句中作非谓语动词，结合句意，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式的形式作目的状语。故填to buy。 117．To operate 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更有效地运作，该部正在进行改革。此处作目的状语应用不定式，句首单词首字母要大写。故填To operate。 118．to make 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：请注意！我要宣布一件事。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词announcement，结合句意可知，该动作表示将要发生的动作，所以使用不定式，与所修饰词为被动关系，但是与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系，所以此处使用主动形式表示被动意义。故填to make。 119．intelligent 【解析】考查形容词。句意：你是个聪明的女人，你现在肯定意识到我是在帮你。此处修饰名词woman，应用形容词intelligent“聪明的”，作定语。故填intelligent。 二、 1 120．truly 121．fourth 122．the 123．is referred 124．which 125．to 126．have attempted 127．explorations 128．Launching 129．to find 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了火星以及对火星的探测情况。 120．考查副词。句意：火星对我们地球上的人来说确实是一个迷人的星球。分析句子，设空处应该使用副词作状语。true为形容词，其副词为“truly”，意为“确实地”。故填truly。 121．考查序数词。句意：火星是距离太阳第四远的行星，也是太阳系中第二小的行星，大约是地球的一半大。此处表示“第四远行星”，设空处应该使用four的序数词。故填fourth。 122．考查冠词。句意：同上。size为名词，名词前面使用冠词。the size of为固定短语，意为“……的尺寸”，故填the。 123．考查动词。句意：它通常被称为“红色星球”，因为它的红色表面。分析句子，设空处应该使用动词作谓语。同时句子表述的是客观事实，故使用一般现在时。it与refer之间是被动关系，be referred to as意为“被称为”。故使用一般现在是被动语态。故填is referred。 124．考查定语从句。句意：这颗红色星球拥有太阳系中最大的火山——奥林匹斯山，大约27公里高。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代前文的the largest volcano，为物。故填which。 125．考查介词。句意：许多科学家认为，研究火星可以帮助我们找到关于地球甚至宇宙的一些关键问题的答案。the answer to sth为固定短语，意为“……的答案”。故填to。 126．考查现在完成时。句意：自1960年以来，许多国家都尝试过火星任务。句中since 1960为现在完成时时间标志。句中的主语a large number of countries为复数，意为“许多国家”。故填have attempted。 127．考查名词。句意：尽管他们在探索这颗红色星球的过程中损失了许多宇宙飞船，但他们仍将继续他们的探索。分析句子，设空处应该使用名词作宾语。explore为动词，意为“探索”，其名词为exploration，此处表示复数意义。故填explorations。 128．考查非谓语动词。句意：2020年左右在文昌发射首个火星探测器是我们迈出的第一步。分析句子，设空处应该使用动名词作主语。launch为动词，意为“发射”，其动名词为launching。同时，该空置于句首，首字母要大写。故填Launching。 129．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国将继续探索陌生的新世界，探索宇宙的秘密。分析句子，句中will continue为谓语，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。此处表示目的作状语，故使用不定式结构。故填to find。 2 130．was inspired 131．known 132．Partly 133．combination 134．to 135．makes 136．to categorize 137．complicated 138．a 139．which/that 【解析】这是一篇说明文。科幻先锋作家吴岩的最新作品《中国轨道号》获得了2021年的全国优秀儿童文学奖。本文介绍了这本书的灵感、一些创作背景以及人们对它的评价等。 130．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这本书专注于中国航天业，它受到了20世纪60年代末和70年代初中国第一艘但被取消的载人飞船“曙光一号”的规划和准备的启发。根据语境可知，主语it 与inspire之间为被动关系，且inspire所表示的动作发生在过去，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为it，谓语要用单数。故填was inspired。 131．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语，且know与Shuguang 1之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故空处应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填known。 132．考查副词。句意：这本书部分呢是基于吴在20世纪70年代的亲身经历，它是现实和虚幻的结合，在某些方面，他的回忆录也加入到了这本科幻小说里。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词based on，应用副词作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Partly。 133．考查名词。句意：同上。根据空前的a和空后的of可知，空处应用名词“combination结合”作表语，由a可知，应用单数。故填combination。 134．考查介词。句意：同上。add... to...“把……加入……”为固定搭配。故填to。 135．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这种创新而独特的写作方法使这本书脱颖而出，甚至引发了关于如何对其进行分类的争论。根据语境可知，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语This innovative and unique writing method为第三人称单数，故填makes。 136．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，空处应用“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语。故填to categorize。 137．考查形容词。句意：《三体问题》一书的作者、科幻作家刘慈欣认为，《中国轨道》太复杂，而无法归为一个类别。结合语境并分析句子结构可知，空处应用所给词的形容词“complicated复杂的”作表语，此处为“too+形容词/副词+to do sth.太……而不能”结构。故填complicated。 138．考查冠词。句意：他认为《中国轨道》是一部独特的科幻小说，生动地展示了一个孩子在特定时代军营的真实经历。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，空处应用冠词修饰单数可数名词novel，此处表示泛指且unique的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 139．考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，从句修饰先行词novel，空处在从句中作主语，指物，故填which/that。 3 140．had returned 141．their 142．planned 143．further 144．As 145．at 146．participation 147．becoming 148．was selected 149．an 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，神舟13号宇航员翟志刚和王亚平完成太空行走已安全返回中国天河空间站核心舱。 140．考查时态。句意：截至周一凌晨1点16分，神舟13号宇航员翟志刚和王亚平已安全返回中国天河空间站核心舱。此处缺乏谓语，结合“by +过去时间”可知，句子用过去完成时。故填had returned。 141．考查代词。句意：据中国载人航天局（CMSA）称，他们的太空行走持续了约6.5小时，两人完成了所有计划任务。此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰名词spacewalk。故填their。 142．考查形容词。句意：据中国载人航天局（CMSA）称，他们的太空行走持续了约6.5小时，两人完成了所有计划任务。形容词planned (根据计划的)作定语，修饰名词tasks。故填planned。 143．考查副词比较级。句意：CMSA表示，他们的太空行走——神舟13号任务的第一次——进一步证明了中国宇航员在太空工作的能力。由句意可知，此处是与以往相比，表“进一步证明了”，副词比较级further作状语，修饰动词prove。故填further。 144．考查固定搭配。句意：按照计划，神舟13号机组将进行一到两次太空行走。固定搭配as scheduled (按照计划)，首字母大写。故填As。 145．考查固定搭配。句意：载人太空探索旨在为未来的太空移民做准备，因此如果没有女性的参与，这些努力将是不完整的。固定搭配be aimed at doing sth. (旨在做某事)。故填at。 146．考查名词。句意：载人太空探索旨在为未来的太空移民做准备，因此如果没有女性的参与，这些努力将是不完整的。women’s　　7　　是A’s B名词所有格结构，该空用名词形式。故填participation。 147．考查动名词。句意：因此，CMSA非常重视王亚平成为第一位在太空行走的中国女性。固定搭配attach great importance to doing sth. (非常重视做某事)，该空用动名词形式。故填becoming。 148．考查时态和语态。句意：王亚平是一名41岁的太空人，2013年4月被选为神舟10号太空任务的机组成员，向6000多万名学生和教师观众发表了中国第一次太空科学电视演讲。由时间状语in April 2013，且主语Wang和谓语动词select是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语Wang是第三人称，谓语单数形式。故填was selected。 149．考查固定搭配。句意：王亚平还将发表另一场太空讲座，这是许多网民期待的，因为2013年的最后一场讲座取得了巨大成功。固定搭配an audience of (有……观众)。故填an。 4 150．hoping 151．However 152．launched 153．which 154．to explore 155．importance 156．it 157．independently 158．breakthroughs 159．will enable 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家们正努力探索太空以便更好地了解它，希望未来的发现能让我们了解宇宙的起源，并帮助我们在未来生存下去。 150．考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们努力工作，希望对它有更好的了解。分析句子结构可知，应填非谓语动词的形式，句子主语Scientists与hope之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填hoping。 151．考查副词。句意：然而，一些科学家决心实现它。结合文意可知，表示前后语意存在转折，且有逗号隔开，应用转折副词however，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填However。 152．考查非谓语动词。句意：经过多次试验，苏联发射的斯普特尼克1号卫星将尤里·加加林送上了太空，这标志着太空时代的开始。分析句子结构可知，应填非谓语动词的形式，the Sputnik 1 satellite与launch之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填launched。 153．考查定语从句。句意：经过多次试验，苏联发射的斯普特尼克1号卫星将尤里·加加林送上了太空，这标志着太空时代的开始。此处为非限制性定语从句，关系代词在从句中作主语，指代前面整句话的内容，应用关系代词which 。故填which。 154．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然太空任务的灾难发生了，导致了悲伤和失望，探索宇宙的愿望永远没有结束。结合句意可知，空处应填不定式的形式，作后置定语，修饰名词desire。故填to explore。 155．考查名词。句意：尽管存在巨大的风险，人们仍然相信进行太空探索的重要性。根据空前的believe in可知，应填名词形式，作宾语。故填importance。 156．考查不定代词it。句意：中国的太空计划起步晚于俄罗斯和美国，但在短时间内取得了巨大进步。空处缺主语，指代前面的“China’s space programme”，需用表示特指的不定代词it。故填it。 157．考查副词。句意：中国在2003年独立地将人类送上了太空。结合句意可知，空处应填副词形式，修饰动词。故填independently。 158．考查名词。句意：此后，中国在太空探索方面取得了许多突破。make breakthrough in意为“在……方面取得突破”，固定搭配。故填breakthrough。 159．考查动词时态。句意：希望未来的发现能让我们了解宇宙的起源，并帮助我们在未来生存下去。根据空前的“the future discoveries”可知，动作还未发生，应用一般将来时。故填will enable。 5 160．on 161．to land 162．which 163．a 164．discovery 165．exciting 166．elements 167．conducted 168．significantly 169．but 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。去年8月23日，印度成功发射月船3号飞船，成为第四个登陆月球的国家。印度的这一成就不仅是国家的胜利，也是全球太空探索努力向前迈出的超级重要一步。 160．考查介词。句意：去年8月23日，印度成功发射月船3号飞船，成为第四个登陆月球的国家。表示在具体的某一天，用介词on。故填on。 161．考查不定式。句意：虽然印度继俄罗斯、美国和中国之后登上了月球，但它是第一个登陆月球极点的国家。the+序数词+名词+动词不定式，为固定搭配，动词不定式作后置定语，故填to land。 162．考查定语从句。句意：月船3号实现了“软着陆”，即平稳、无损伤地着陆，这使它能够利用月球车探索月球表面。空处引导非限定性定语从句，主语为前面的整个句子，关系代词为which。故填which。 163．考查冠词。句意：月球南极是科学家们感兴趣的一个课题，特别是因为发现了水冰的痕迹。泛指“一个课题”，用不定冠词修饰，且subject首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。 164．考查名词。句意：月球南极是科学家们感兴趣的课题，特别是因为发现了水冰的痕迹。of后接名词discovery，作宾语。the discovery of……的发现，故填discovery。 165．考查形容词。句意：该任务已经取得了令人兴奋的发现。修饰物，用ing结尾的形容词。故填exciting。 166．考查名词。句意：据印度空间研究组织(ISRO)称，火星车发现了硫和其他几种元素。element为可数名词，且有several other修饰，用复数形式。故填elements。 167．考查时态。句意：印度空间研究组织执行这项任务的预算约为7500万美元，远低于其他国家的类似项目。陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填conducted。 168．考查副词。句意：印度空间研究组织执行这项任务的预算约为7500万美元，远低于其他国家的类似项目。副词significantly作状语，修饰形容词。 故填significantly。 169．考查连词。句意：印度的这一成就不仅是国家的胜利，也是全球太空探索努力向前迈出的超级重要一步。固定搭配：not just...but also “不仅……而且”。 故填but。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$