专题13 阅读理解七选五-【好题汇编】三年（2022-2024）高考英语真题分类汇编（全国通用）

专题13 阅读理解七选五 年份 卷别 小标题 三年（3考） 段首题 三年（14考） 段中题 三年（53考） 段尾题 三年（15考） 命题趋势 2024 新高考I卷 1 4 分析近三年高考真题可知， 体裁：以说明文为主，记叙文、议论文为辅。题型选材具有很强的时效性，多是社会生活和文化科技等方面具有生活气息的短文。 词数：在300词左右，文章结构严谨，层次分明，侧重考查考生的逻辑思维能力。 设题位置：以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅。七个选项都与文章内容相关。两个选项为干扰项。干扰项中会出现文章中的相关词汇。 新高考II卷 1 4 全国甲卷 1 3 1 浙江卷1月 1 3 1 2023 新高考I卷 4 1 新高考II卷 1 3 1 全国甲卷 1 3 1 全国乙卷 3 2 北京卷 1 2 2 浙江卷1月 5 2022 新高考I卷 4 1 新高考II卷 1 4 全国甲卷 1 3 1 全国乙卷 1 2 1 1 北京卷 1 4 天津卷 浙江卷1月 1 1 1 2 浙江卷6月 2 2 1 精准练01 新高考卷 1.（2024年新高考I卷）Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. ____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don't often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don't want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. 2.（2024年新高考II卷）Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___ ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights? ● ___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. ___20___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. A. Visit during off-peak times. B. So, should we stop traveling? C. Travel for you and no one else. D. Can overtourism be avoided then? E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 3.（2024年浙江卷1月）In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. ___16___ But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? ___17___ We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. ___18___ “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going. The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. ___19___ He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards. ___20___ A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B. Your motivation should be your main concern. C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. 4.（2023年新高考I卷）Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____ You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 5.（2023年新高考II卷）As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey. ·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___16___ You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. ·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___ ·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. ·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___20___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. A Get out of your comfort zone. B. Make career plans and set goals. C. Don’t throw away your beginner art. D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role. G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 6.（2023年浙江卷1月）With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible. Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly. 36 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. 37 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one. 38 In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster. 39 Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. Have fun. 40 Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph. A．Train trips aren’t for impatient types. B．You’ll have views from both sides of the train. C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control. D．That’s particularly true during busy summer months. E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one. F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom. G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner. 7.（2023年北京卷）It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 35 When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 36 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 37 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 38 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result？ Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. 39 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A．Higher education has achieved its true potential. B．Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C．Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D．However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E．Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F．They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G．In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. 8.（2022年新高考I卷）Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “___16___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition. So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___17___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. ___18___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym. My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___19___ You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___20___ Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other. A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 9.（2022年新高考II卷）Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques. ___16___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___17___ Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on. The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___18___ Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway. The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. ___19___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. ___20___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise. A. Make sure your handwriting is neat. B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C. The second draft of the essay should be better. D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. 10.（2022年浙江卷1月）I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 11 Pick the most important. 12 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. 1 chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle 1 want. Combine your activities. Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 13 Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career （职业）around the people and activities you love. 14 You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Lighten up. The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining （改进）toward a happy productive existence. 15 Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way. A. Speed up. B. Be an active learner. C. Stop trying to balance time between them all. D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life. E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy. F Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time. G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook. 11.（2022年浙江卷6月）I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____ Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’t seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it. Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect. ____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal language most of the time. There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done. ____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience. A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write. B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be. C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed. D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted. E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them. F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have. G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems. 12.（2022年北京卷）Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____35____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases. ____36____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____37____ This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in. It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____38____ For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age. Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____39____ This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness. A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life. B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other. C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind. D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily. E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner. F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life. G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases. 精准练02 全国卷 1.（2024年全国甲卷）What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. ____16____ But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. ____18____ Control emotional (情绪的) eating. ____19____ Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings. ____20____ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A Eat properly throughout the day. B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 2.（2023年全国甲卷）Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. ___16___. In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right ai our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. ●Practice gratitude (感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. ___17___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. ● Make yourself wait Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. ___18___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. ● ___19___. So many of us have the belief that being comfortabel is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “___20___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A. Find your causes B. Start with small tasks C. Accept the uncomfortable D. All this adds up to a state of hurry E. It can also help us practice more patience F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience 3.（2023年全国乙卷）Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. ____16____, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. What are indoor plants? Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____. Why are indoor plants good for you? Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. ____19____. Which plants can you grow? Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “____20____,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.” A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 4.（2022年全国甲卷）Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___16___. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ___17___ . Hands or Utensils (餐具) In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___18___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons. Making Requests ___19___ . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. ___20___ , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. A. The more friends you make in your lifetime B. The more time you spend in any given country C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 5.（2022年全国乙卷）Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships. ·Set a regular date Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___16___. ·More isn’t always merrier Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. ___17___. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. ·Practise empathy (共情) ___18___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. · ___19___ Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. ·Don’t rely on technology alone ___20___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A. Remember important dates B. Compensate by writing letters C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题13 阅读理解七选五 年份 卷别 小标题 三年（3考） 段首题 三年（14考） 段中题 三年（53考） 段尾题 三年（15考） 命题趋势 2024 新高考I卷 1 4 分析近三年高考真题可知， 体裁：以说明文为主，记叙文、议论文为辅。题型选材具有很强的时效性，多是社会生活和文化科技等方面具有生活气息的短文。 词数：在300词左右，文章结构严谨，层次分明，侧重考查考生的逻辑思维能力。 设题位置：以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅。七个选项都与文章内容相关。两个选项为干扰项。干扰项中会出现文章中的相关词汇。 新高考II卷 1 4 全国甲卷 1 3 1 浙江卷1月 1 3 1 2023 新高考I卷 4 1 新高考II卷 1 3 1 全国甲卷 1 3 1 全国乙卷 3 2 北京卷 1 2 2 浙江卷1月 5 2022 新高考I卷 4 1 新高考II卷 1 4 全国甲卷 1 3 1 全国乙卷 1 2 1 1 北京卷 1 4 天津卷 浙江卷1月 1 1 1 2 浙江卷6月 2 2 1 精准练01 新高考卷 1.（2024年新高考I卷）Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. ____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don't often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don't want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. 【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。 【36题详解】 上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。 【37题详解】 上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。 【38题详解】 下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。 【39题详解】 下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。 【40题详解】 上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。 2.（2024年新高考II卷）Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___ ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights? ● ___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. ___20___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. A. Visit during off-peak times. B. So, should we stop traveling? C. Travel for you and no one else. D. Can overtourism be avoided then? E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。 【16题详解】 前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，D选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行吗？”符合语境。故选B。 【17题详解】 前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，符合语境。故选C。 18题详解】 前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择)及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”语境一致。故选E。 【19题详解】 空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。 【20题详解】 前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 3.（2024年浙江卷1月）In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. ___16___ But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? ___17___ We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. ___18___ “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going. The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. ___19___ He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards. ___20___ A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B. Your motivation should be your main concern. C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. 【答案】16. G 17. F 18. A 19. D 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在线学习的注意事项。 【16题详解】 由上文“In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. (在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很重要，本空要说跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的话题，故G选项“A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. (一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 【17题详解】 由上文“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (但是所有的在线课程都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续提出疑问，故F选项“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (如果你参加了在线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 【18题详解】 由上文“The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. (在线学习最明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习)”可知，在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习，本空要说跟“学习时间”有关的话题，故A选项“But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. (但这并不意味着没有最后期限。)”与上文构成转折关系，that指代上一句话，符合题意。故选A。 【19题详解】 由下文“He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. (他指出，他的在线学生最终的成绩通常较低)”可知，本空要说跟“在线老师”有关的话题，故D选项“Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. (Alex Davidson教授亲自授课和在线授课)”能引起下文，下文中的He指代D项中的“Alex Davidson教授”，符合题意。故选D。 【20题详解】 由下文“A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. (社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样你们就可以互相激励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授面对面的会议，讨论课程概念)”可知，本空要说跟“人们之间的互动”有关的话题，故E选项“The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. (对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选E。 4.（2023年新高考I卷）Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____ You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。 【16题详解】 根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。 【17题详解】 根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。 【18题详解】 根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。 【19题详解】 根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。 【20题详解】 根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。 5.（2023年新高考II卷）As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey. ·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___16___ You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. ·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___ ·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. ·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___20___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. A Get out of your comfort zone. B. Make career plans and set goals. C. Don’t throw away your beginner art. D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role. G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。 【16题详解】 根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don’t throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。 【17题详解】 分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段总结，根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。 【18题详解】 分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。 【19题详解】 分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。 【20题详解】 分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项. 6.（2023年浙江卷1月）With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible. Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly. 36 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. 37 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one. 38 In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster. 39 Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. Have fun. 40 Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph. A．Train trips aren’t for impatient types. B．You’ll have views from both sides of the train. C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control. D．That’s particularly true during busy summer months. E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one. F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom. G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner. 【答案】36．D 37．G 38．C 39．E 40．A 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。 36．根据上文“Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。)”以及下文“But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. (但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。)”可知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁忙的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D项中“busy summer months”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前计划。故选D项。 37．根据上文“A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. (一个好的旅行社有时可以帮你找到打折的票。)”以及下文“Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. (这样你就不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火车上穿过几节车厢了。)”可知，好的旅行社帮你预定，不仅可以找到打折的票，还可以节省从卧铺到餐车的距离，G项中“book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner”与前后文对应，因此推断G项“他可能还会给你预订餐厅旁边的卧铺车厢。”符合语境。故选G项。 38．根据上文“When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one.(当你乘坐火车时，你不会免费获得一条毯子，即使你的旅行是过夜的。)”以及下文“In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. (特别是在夏天，空调会让他们很冷。)”可知，这里提到了车厢内温度的问题，提醒乘客最好自备毛毯，C项中“The temperature on rail cars”与前后文对应，因此推断C项“列车上的温度通常很难控制。”符合语境。故选C项。 39．根据上文“Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster.(大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。)”以及下文“Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. (注意:时刻表上列出的时间是出发时间，不是到达时间。)”可知，本段提醒要提前安排时间，错过时间是很麻烦的事情，E项中“You might have to wait longer”与前后文对应，说明错过火车导致的结果，因此推断E项“你可能要等上超过24小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。故选E项。 40．根据上文“Have fun.(玩得开心)”以及下文“To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts).”(要计算你的速度，用3600(一小时的秒数)除以你走一英里(两个里程碑之间的距离)所花费的秒数。)”可知，本段讲述如何度过乘车时间，A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人与后文要计算时间，用不同的方式打发时间对应，符合语境。故选A项。 7.（2023年北京卷）It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 35 When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 36 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 37 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 38 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result？ Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. 39 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A．Higher education has achieved its true potential. B．Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C．Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D．However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E．Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F．They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G．In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. 【答案】35．D 36．F 37．G 38．B 39．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。 35．根据空前内容“It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻， 因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。 36．根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。 37．空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。 38．根据空前内容“Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。 39．根据下文内容“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，作者认为想要强调教学质量还需要更多努力。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项C“Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.(高质量的教学一直是建立声誉的重要因素。)”强调了高质量教学的重要性，而下文则话题一转，指出了高质量教学的难处。故选C。 8.（2022年新高考I卷）Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “___16___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition. So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___17___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. ___18___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym. My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___19___ You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___20___ Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other. A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. G 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。 【16题详解】 根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partne.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。”)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以选择项C“You'll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。 【17题详解】 根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。 【18题详解】 根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but probably won't result in a useful response. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选择项B“A workout partner usually needs to live close by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。 【19题详解】 根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any notice for a training partner should include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。 【20题详解】 根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)”和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit -- your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益——你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选择项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。 9.（2022年新高考II卷）Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques. ___16___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___17___ Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on. The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___18___ Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway. The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. ___19___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. ___20___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise. A. Make sure your handwriting is neat. B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C. The second draft of the essay should be better. D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. 【答案】16 D 17. B 18. E 19. F 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。 【16题详解】 空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. (当你第一次想写一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写，D选项“First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. (首先，学习不间断写作的技巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。 【17题详解】 空前说“Stay loose and free. (保持宽松和自由。)”，空后说“Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. (不要担心语法和拼写。)”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥，B选项“Let your pen follow the waves of thought. (让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。 【18题详解】 空前说“The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. (下一个技巧是快速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。)”，空后说“Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. (然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将避免自己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”，E选项“Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. (太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write your draft”相呼应，说明了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。 【19题详解】 空前说“The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. (第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F选项“Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. (许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revision”一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“these writers”相互呼应，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。 【20题详解】 空前说“After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. (当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修改输入到你的文字处理器中。)”，空后说“The resulting blank space invites you to revise. (由此产生的空白允许您修改。)”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G选项“Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. (然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说的是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。 10.（2022年浙江卷1月）I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 11 Pick the most important. 12 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. 1 chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle 1 want. Combine your activities. Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 13 Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career （职业）around the people and activities you love. 14 You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Lighten up. The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining （改进）toward a happy productive existence. 15 Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way. A. Speed up. B. Be an active learner. C. Stop trying to balance time between them all. D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life. E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy. F Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time. G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook. 【答案】11. F 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. G 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。作者给出了既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议。 【11题详解】 上文 “ I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed.（我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了具体的选择，让我充 分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松）”说明作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐和轻松，根 据下文段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，F项中的“help you make the most of your time与上文 “to make the most of every day ” 一致，“tips” 引出下文的建议，因此 F项“也许这些建议会帮助你充分利用你的时间”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。 【12题详解】 根据段落标题“Pick the most important.”可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive.（把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上）”说明要挑选一些有趣的 和富有成效的事情去做，D项中的“ what is meaningful in your life”与标题中的"the most important一致， 下文是对“Make choices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境。故选D。 【13题详解】 上文 “Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.（ 许多人疯 狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间）”说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分 配好时间，下文“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.（找到一种结合的方式来享受它们）”说明可 以把事情组合在一起享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间，C项“不要试图在 它们之间平衡时间”符合语境。故选C。 【14题详解】 空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.（你可能会认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你节省出做日常 事务的时间，为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方法）”可推断，本 段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此要做有效的学习者。 因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落标题，故选B。 【15题详解】 下文 “Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.（每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积起 来就是一个大的胜利）”说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“making lists”与之呼应，因此推断G项“这 就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining （改进）toward a happy productive existence.（在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆祝进步，不断 改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在）”解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选G。 11.（2022年浙江卷6月）I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____ Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’t seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it. Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect. ____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal language most of the time. There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done. ____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience. A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write. B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be. C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed. D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted. E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them. F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have. G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems. 【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信暗示得到自己心仪的礼物，从而论证观点：人们写作都是带有某种目的的。 11.D根据空前“As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. (随着孩子们逐渐长大，他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他去哪里买礼物。)”可知，孩子们给圣诞老人提示去哪买礼物。结合选项可知，D项“As a result, each year they received something they wanted. (结果，他们每年都会收到他们想要的东西。)”为孩子们提示的结果：收到心仪的礼物。前后为明显的因果关系。故选D项。 12.B根据空前“Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times t may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. (有时我们的目的是为了获得东西，有时可能是为了娱乐、告知或说服。)”可知，我们写作都是带着目的的。结合选项B“But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be. (但它总是有目的的——或者至少应该是这样。)”可知，前后语意一致，说明写作是带有目的的。故选B项。 13.E根据空前“When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. (当孩子们为真正的读者和真正的目的写作时，他们就能学会相应地选择用词。)”以及空后“You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect. (你写“亲爱的圣诞老人”是因为你不认识他，你想表达对他的尊重。)”可知，空后句和空前句之间是“理论——实践”的关系，由此可推知，空处也应为具体的实践。结合选项E“You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them. (你写“嗨，奶奶和爸爸”，因为你和他们很亲近。)”可知，符合这一逻辑。而且和空后结构一致。故选E项。 14.F根据空后“Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. (在玩电子游戏时发短信、在线消息、实时聊天都意味着他们在不断地产生书面信息。 )”可知，科技的发展让人们的写作变得更普遍。结合选项F“As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have. (随着科技的发展，年轻人写的东西比以前更多了。)”可知，前后语意一致，符合语境。故选F项。 15.G根据空前“There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done. (这种写作方式并没有错。它迎合了观众和目的，完成了任务。)”可知，作者在评价这种科技影响下的写作方式。结合选项G“But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems. (但如果这是年轻人唯一的写作方式，那就会造成问题。)”可知，前后语意一致，从正反两方面评价科技带来的写作。故选G项。 12.（2022年北京卷）Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____35____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases. ____36____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____37____ This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in. It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____38____ For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age. Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____39____ This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness. A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life. B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other. C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind. D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily. E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner. F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life. G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases. 【答案】35. G 36. B 37. D 38. F 39. C 【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。 35.【解析】 根据空前“Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。 36.【解析】 根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。 37.【解析】 根据空前“Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后“This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D项“For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。 38.【解析】 根据空前“It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项“There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。 39.【解析】 根据空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。 精准练02 全国卷 1.（2024年全国甲卷）What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. ____16____ But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. ____18____ Control emotional (情绪的) eating. ____19____ Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings. ____20____ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A Eat properly throughout the day. B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. A 【解析】 【16题详解】 上文“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs, You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. (基本上，它意味着只吃你身体需要的食物，你应该在用餐结束时感到满足，但不要太饱)”指出，进餐时不要吃太饱，吃东西要适量。下文“But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. (但这并不意味着要告别你喜欢的食物)”指出，适量进食不是要放弃吃自己喜欢的食物。F项“对我们许多人来说，节制意味着比现在少吃。”解释了何为适量进食。承上启下，符合文意，选项中的“means”与下文一致。故选F项。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. (慢慢来。放慢脚步，把食物看作是有营养的东西，而不仅仅是会议间隙吃的东西，这一点很重要)”可推知，本段主要建议读者吃东西要细嚼慢咽，不要过于急躁。C项“上班路上不要狼吞虎咽。”承接上文。符合文意。故选C项。 【18题详解】 上文“It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. (如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于适度饮食，E项“相反，你应该选择健康的食物。”符合文意，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的“healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。故选E项。 【19题详解】 根据本段首句“Control emotional (情绪的) eating. (控制情绪化进食)”以及下文“Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom.(我们中的许多人也会求助于食物来处理不愉快的情绪，如悲伤、孤独或无聊)”可推知，本段主要建议读者不要情绪化的进行暴饮暴食，要进行健康饮食。B项“我们吃东西并不总是为了充饥。”指出有些人吃东西并不总是为了充饥，引出下文有些人通过食物发泄情绪，符合语境。故选B项。 【20题详解】 设空处位于段首，总结全段，下文“A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day, Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. (健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以让你一整天都精力充沛，避免在深夜进食。尽量早点吃晚饭，禁食14 — 16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早餐。)”指出，我们在一天中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“一整天都要适当饮食。”符合语境。故选A项。 2.（2023年全国甲卷）Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. ___16___. In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right ai our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. ●Practice gratitude (感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. ___17___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. ● Make yourself wait Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. ___18___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. ● ___19___. So many of us have the belief that being comfortabel is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “___20___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A. Find your causes B. Start with small tasks C. Accept the uncomfortable D. All this adds up to a state of hurry E. It can also help us practice more patience F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience 【答案】16. G 17. E 18. B 19. C 20. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There’s one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文““Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (加州大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。 【18题详解】 根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)”以及后文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。 【19题详解】 根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. (我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。 【20题详解】 根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself (你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“You’ll then gradually become more patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。 3.（2023年全国乙卷）Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. ____16____, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. What are indoor plants? Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____. Why are indoor plants good for you? Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. ____19____. Which plants can you grow? Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “____20____,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.” A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。 【16题详解】 根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 【18题详解】 根据下文“I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.(我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。 【19题详解】 根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。 20题详解】 根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature-which is part of the joy of owning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。 4.（2022年全国甲卷）Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___16___. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ___17___ . Hands or Utensils (餐具) In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___18___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons. Making Requests ___19___ . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. ___20___ , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. A. The more friends you make in your lifetime B. The more time you spend in any given country C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 【答案】16. D 17. F 18. C 19. G 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情。 【16题详解】 根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out (外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知，D项“Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant (不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”对应标题中的“When Dining Out”，同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. (知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方)”。故选D。 【17题详解】 根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. (当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。 【18题详解】 根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. (在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，C项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils (墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。 【19题详解】 根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G项“It may seem like simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”是关键词，说明，在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选G。 【20题详解】 根据下文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，B项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。 5.（2022年全国乙卷）Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships. ·Set a regular date Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___16___. ·More isn’t always merrier Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. ___17___. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. ·Practise empathy (共情) ___18___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. · ___19___ Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. ·Don’t rely on technology alone ___20___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A. Remember important dates B. Compensate by writing letters C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 【答案】16 D 17. B 18. G 19. A 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。 【16题详解】 上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话。）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D项。 【17题详解】 上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.”（确保你已经与你的朋友沟通过，了解你们彼此希望联系的次数，以及哪种沟通方式最适合你们两人。）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，B项“可以通过写信补偿”提出了其中一种沟通方式：写信，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”（除了不断的文字交流，还有其他方式，比如发语音或者组建群聊。）补充了发语音等其他沟通方式，其中“constant written communication”呼应了B项的“writing letters”。故选B项。 【18题详解】 下文“The friend who is remaining”（留下来的朋友）和“The one in the new environment”（在新环境中的那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。故选G项。 【19题详解】 分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的。）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”，所以A项符合题意。故选A项。 【20题详解】 设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$