衔接点21 语法填空 （初高考点差异及衔接）-2024年初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）

衔接点21 语法填空 （初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 语法填空从命题形式看包括有提示词和无提示词两类,主要测试学生初中阶段学过的重点语法项目,重点考查词性转换、谓语动词、动词的非谓语形式、代词、连词和主从复合句,兼顾对形容词和副词的比较等级、冠词、介词和名词的数的考查。 高中要求 文本内容对考生来说既是考试,也是爱国教育和文明教育,引导考生关注中外文化、学习励志人物。从考点上看,动词(时态、语态和非谓语形式)设题最多,试题较为基础——谓语动词的一般过去时、一般现在时,以及动词的非谓语形式作状语和定语为主要考点;形容词和副词设题数量次之;再次是名词;然后是连词;最后是主从复合句、冠词、介词、代词和数词 【初中名词考点聚焦】 一 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you find that you learn things faster than your parents sometimes? Congratulations! You could be right. Scientists have found the reason 　1　 children gain faster than adults.  Scientists at Brown University, US, found that school-aged children gain new knowledge and 　2　(skill) faster than grown-ups. This has something to do with a chemical(化学物质) called GABA in our brains. It reduces brain noise so that we can learn things more 　3　(easy). It also 　4　(make) new knowledge stay longer in our heads.  The scientists scanned(扫描) the brains of children (8-11 years old) and adults (18-35 years old) before, during, and after doing 　5　 learning task. It turned out that when children learn new things, the amount of GABA rises quickly. But there's little change in adults' brains. This tells us why children are 　6　(good) learners than adults.  The finding, the scientists said, should encourage teachers and parents 　7　(let) children learn anything from riding a bike 　8　 playing an instrument in their childhood. It could also 　9　(use) to help adults learn faster by increasing the amount of GABA in 　10　(they) brains. The best way of increasing GABA is to get enough sleep and exercise.  1.　 　　　　2.　　　 　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　 6.　　 　7.　　 　　　8.　　　 　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　 二 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 More Lebanese(黎巴嫩的) Students Fall in Love with Chinese Culture! “More Lebanese students have shown interest in learning the Chinese language and studying China's culture,” said Lattouf, 　1　 director of the Confucius Institute.   Lebanese parents expect their children 　2　(learn) Chinese language. It is good for making friends and finding a job in the future, 　3　 China is super in economy and wins a lot of attention 　4　 other countries.  During the celebration of the 15th anniversary,students showed their great interest in Chinese culture. Usually speeches 　5　(give) in Chinese and Chinese calligraphy(书法) was performed at school.   “So far, students at the Confucius Institute 　6　(reach) over 1 000,” Lattouf said. “They will offer a new one-year program in Chinese culture and translation in September, mainly covering Chinese-Arabic translation,” Lattouf added 　7　(proud).  The Chinese embassy(大使馆) in Lebanon shows great support and promises to find training centers for students. The Confucius Institute's director said, “We hope 　8　 more Lebanese friends, especially young people, can experience one of 　9　(great) cultures in the world. We also hope it can develop traditional friendship between the two 　10　(country)and deepen people-to-people exchanges.”  1.　 　　　　2.　　　 　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　 6.　　 　7.　　 　　　8.　　　 　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　 三 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。 Peking Opera is one of China's important traditional art forms. It 　1　(regard) as one of the national treasures of China. It was formed in the late 18th century and 　2　(become) completely developed in the mid-19th century.  　3　 is Peking Opera so popular in China? The reason is that it shows the rich Chinese culture, including wonderful stories, paintings and clothes. It has four main 　4　(kind) of performers called sheng, dan, jing and chou. Each of 　5　(they) has its own clothes and face-paintings. Face-paintings with different colors have different meanings. For example, young male(男性的) characters are known as xiaosheng. Laosheng is an 　6　(old) role than xiaosheng. Dan is a female role. Jing is a colorful face-painted role and chou is a male clown(小丑) role.  Peking Opera tells stories 　7　 singing with different movements. Some of them are from history books, 　8　 most of them are from classical novels. The performance tells stories which have been passed down for thousands of years in Chinese history.  Peking Opera has become 　9　 important opera form for Chinese audiences. It has even made the people from Western countries interested in it. Nowadays more and more Western fans begin to learn the art. Some even come to China 　10　(perform) in popular talent shows on CCTV.  1.　 　　　　2.　　　 　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　 6.　　 　7.　　 　　　8.　　　 　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　 【高中名词考点聚焦】 考纲解读 语法填空文本体裁为记叙文或说明文,词数为170~240。在文化考查内容上,内容体现中国文化,以外国人的视角来看中国,即“外国人讲自己在中国的故事”,而非简单地介绍中国文化。保护环境的感人故事;介绍国外博物馆的历史、功能等。文本内容对考生来说既是考试,也是爱国教育和文明教育,引导考生关注中外文化、学习励志人物。从考点上看,动词(时态、语态和非谓语形式)设题最多,试题较为基础——谓语动词的一般过去时、一般现在时,以及动词的非谓语形式作状语和定语为主要考点;形容词和副词设题数量次之;再次是名词;然后是连词;最后是主从复合句、冠词、介词、代词和数词。 考点清单 高考语法填空试题分两种:有提示词和无提示词。 有提示词的试题考查内容包括:动词的时态、语态以及动词的非谓语形式;名词单、复数变化;形容词和副词的比较等级变化;词性转换(如名词、动词、代词、形容词和副词之间的词性转换)等。 无提示词的试题考查内容包括:根据上下文填入冠词、连词、代词及介词等。具体做题技巧见下图: 系统学习构词法规则,研究词性转换规律 系统学习构词法不但可以帮助考生扩大词汇量,还可以帮助考生通过对前缀、后缀的识别来辨别词类,并且还能帮助我们把相关联的词汇组合在一起,构建系统的词汇图。这样不仅可以提高考生的语法填空能力,还可以提高考生的阅读理解和书面表达能力。 同时,通过对近三年涉及词性转换的试题的研究可以发现,试题有以下三种形式:①形容词——副词,如gentle—gently;actual—actually;②动词——名词,如develop—development;believe—belief;③名词——形容词,如wonder—wonderful;meaning—meaningful。考生需系统学习词性转换的基本规则,依托语篇训练,熟练运用前缀、后缀进行正确的转换。 1.This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers (carry) special significance. 2.The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the well-known painter. 3. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. 4.Later，they learned to work with the (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields. 5.Historical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 6.I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years. I work not because I have to, _____ because I want to.” 7.This aging of the population is driven two factors. 一 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The annual Harbin International Ice and Snow Sculpture (雕塑) Festival, which ____1____ (official) opened on January 5 and will run through next month, has turned the city into a wonderland. Last year, more than a million visitors ____2____ (attract) to Harbin to see the huge sculptures ____3____ (create) from huge ice blocks and tons of snow by artists from 12 countries. In the weeks ____4____ (lead) up to the latest festival, hundreds of workers spent hours cutting blocks of ice from the nearby Songhua River. Each piece weighed up to 1,554 pounds ____5____ almost 261,500 m³ of ice were cut and transported on the spot. When the ice and snow sculptures are lit up by thousands of lanterns, they are very ____6____ (impress), with the giant main sculpture measuring 108 feet in height and over 325 feet in ____7____ (long). From fantasy castles and creatures ____8____ entertainments of iconic monuments, the incredible ice and snow sculptures allow the public to relive ____9____ (they) childhood. Many visitors say it is _____10_____ once-in-a-lifetime experience for them! 二 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is 1969 in China’s Northeast ___1___ Zhou Zhigang, a construction worker, is sent to engage in a large –scale construction project. His eldest son and daughter become zhiqing, ___2___ （leave） the youngest son and his mother at home. Focusing on the ups and downs of Zhou’s family over fifty years, the realistic drama “A Lifelong Journey” has been ___3___ huge hit on TV and online. ___4___ （adapt） from Liang Xiaosheng’s novel of the same name, which won the Mao Dun Literary Prize, the show ___5___ （explore） themes of family, friendship and romance in a bittersweet story. Many reviewers describe the show ___6___ a time machine to go back to the past, reflecting how we’ve got there. The ___7___ （major） of the story takes place in a Shantytown（棚户区）, Guangzipian representing ren, yi, li, zhi, and xin, the five virtues of Confucianism. In this drama, Zhou’s family has to deal with ___8___ （society） changes and fit in with the country’s rapid development. A lifelong Journey shows viewers ___9___ ordinary Chinese have experienced in China’s transforming from a poor country into a powerful one. It is the kind of show that touches our heartstrings with heartwarming stories and you can’t afford to miss ____10____ anyway. 三 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 This paper is about how blue light is bad for you.___1___ (month) of studies and test have shown that blue light can make ___2___ hard for people to sleep; this means your body doesn't get the rest it ___3___(need). This can then lead to things like heart problems, feeling unhappy, and ___4___ (get) fat. Blue light is the light from your phone or computer. We ___5___(test) two groups of people, and let them do different things before bed: look at a phone or read a book. We found that when you look at a phone before bed, you feel less ___6___ (tire) and spend less time sleeping. The good thing is that we also found some things people can do ___7___ (stay) away from this problem. One is not to look at a phone or computer two hours before going to bed. An-other thing ___8___ people can do is to get a lot of bright light from the sun during ___9___ day.This will help people sleep at night. Research has shown us a lot, but there is even ___10___(much) that should be done. We will keep on studying the dark side of blue light to help people avoid problems it may bring. 四 阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)，或括号内单词的正确形式。 Every day many teens wake up afraid of going to school.School bullying(校园欺凌) is a problem ____1____ (affect) millions of students，which makes everyone worried，not just the kids.Yet because parents，teachers and other adults don’t always see it，they may not understand ____2____ bad bullying can be. School bullying can____3____ (threat) students’ physical and emotional safety at school and can influence their ability to learn.There ____4____ (be) a number of things you can do to make schools safe and prevent bullying. For younger kids，the best way of solving the bullying problem is to tell ____5____ trusted adult.For teens，the tell-an-adult way depends ____6____ the bullying situation.If you see or hear someone ____7____ (beat)，you should step in ____8____ (stop) the bullying right away.If you cannot stop it by yourself，then find someone who can.It is important to keep the bully away from the person he or she is bullying.Do not force the two parties to be in the same room together.Bullying is a problem that can cause serious damage unless the problem ____9____ (solve) in time.Take any bullying that you hear about very _____10_____ (serious). You might even need to call the police in some situations. 五 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号单词的正确形式. On October 23, 2018, President Xi Jinping announced the opening of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) in Zhuhai, Guangdong province. The HZMB ____1____ (locate) at the waters of the Lingding Sea, is a huge sea-crossing project, linking Hong Kong, Macao and the Chinese mainland city of Zhuhai. As the world’s ____2____ (long) sea-based project, the 55-kilometre bridge is the result of five years of research and another nine years of building. It has been described as one of the seven ____3____ (wonder) of the modern world. The project ____4____ (make) up of several parts. It is designed with ____5____ service life of 120 years. It can withstand very strong winds. The bridge’s engineers had to consider many environmental factors ____6____ (protect) the surrounding environment while building the bridge. Chinese white dolphins, an ____7____ (endanger) species that lives in the area, ____8____ (be) a particular concern. The HZMB will make ____9____ much more convenient to travel between the three areas it connects. It will bring people in Hong Kong, Macao and Guangdong within a “one-hour living circle”, _____10_____ is expected to attract more visitors. It will be a transport link as well as a social, economic, cultural, and tourism connection among the three areas. 六 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 The Honghe Hani Rice Terraces(梯田), in southern Yunnan, China, cover a huge 16, 603-hectare area. The terraces, ____1____(know)to all of the world now, were made out of a thick forest by the Hani people. The terraces rise at different angles from a shallow 15°____2____ a steep 75°, forming a wonderful landscape(景观)that ____3____(be)rare in the world. In 2003, the terraced fields were ____4____(official)recognized by UNESCO as a World Cultural and Natural Heritage site. About 1,300 years ago, the Hani people first ____5____(come)to the steep mountains. They struggled against the difficult terrain(地形), successfully creating the terraces, where they grew rice in order to make ____6____(they) living. Over the past 1,300 years, the Hani people have developed a complex system of channels ____7____(bring)water from the forested mountaintops. They show great appreciation for natural phenomena such as rivers, mountains, the sun, fire ____8____ the moon. They have also created a complete farming system ____9____ involves cattle, ducks, and fish and supports the _____10_____(produce)of red rice, the area's main crop. The landscape changes through the year. In April the terraces are all green as rice starts to grow; in later parts of the year it is yellowish brown as the rice ripens. In February, the terraces become bare earth, with the water reflecting(反射)the sky. 七 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 A Young Designer's Way to Fashion Success Chinese designer Zhang Yan, ____1____ work has just hit New York's and Chinese catwalks (T台), is slowly breaking the old idea about men in embroidery (刺绣) and fashion. Zhang has surprised the world with his unique embroidered Qipaos. However, for the 26-year-old young man, his success is not easy. ____2____ (hold) the tiny needle properly in his big hand wasn't ____3____ easy job for Zhang in the early days. What's more, his parents were ____4____ (strong) against him, thinking that embroidery was women' s work and it had no future, ____5____ Zhang did not give up. He believes the spirit of craftsmanship has nothing to do with gender (性别) when it comes to dreams. Years of his hard work ____6____ (pay) off so far. His designs quickly drew attention and even earned him an invitation ____7____ the 2019 New York Fashion Week. Western audiences at the show ____8____ (amaze) by the charm of the embroidered Qipao, saying it showed a kind of Eastern power. Feeling that his success has brought him a sense of national ____9____ (proud), Zhang hopes his experience can also help inspire teenagers _____10_____ (follow) their dreams. "There are many ways to achieve success. As long as you keep going, you can make your dreams come true," he says. 八 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by ____1____ these names mean. In the 16th century, Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. In the 18th century, Scotland was joined ____2____ (create) the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. However, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted ____3____ the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. ____4____, most people prefer to use the shortened name: The UK. Although the four countries work together in some areas, they still have some ____5____ (different). There were four sets of invaders and the last group were the Normans. They had the castles ____6____ (build) all round England and made changes to legal systems. The capital city London is ____7____ ancient port city that has a history ____8____ (date) back to Roman times. Studying the history of the country will help you understand more about the country and ____9____ traditions as well as make your visit much more _____10_____ (enjoy). 九 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course .But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term ____1____ (rest). Instead, she is earning $6,500 a day as ____2____ model in New York. Sarah ____3____ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, ____4____ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants____5____ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her____6____ (educate). She has turned down several____7____ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree____8____ engineering or architecture. Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school____9____ (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is_____10_____ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model my more." 一 　　Many music lovers have an opinion on what was the best year for music. Some people say it was 1824 1.　　　　　　 Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 was performed first. Other people say it was 1969 due 2.　　　　　　 the hit songs by the Beatles and Elvis Presley. Last month, a survey 3.　　　　　　 (conduct) by a UK radio station and found the best year for music was 1991. This is because of the 4.　　　　　　 (prefer) for bands like the Red Hot Chili Peppers and Nirvana. The reason for 1991 5.　　　　　　(be) the survey's best year for music could be the average age of the 6.　　　　　　 (listen) of the station. The music lovers have great memories of 1991, many of 7.　　　　　　 were teenagers at that time.  Psychologists believe people tend to stick to the songs they 8.　　　 　　　 (hear) when they were teenagers. They would become peaceful and 9.　　　　　　 (energy) listening to these songs. These songs naturally become 10.　　　　　 　 (root) in our important memories.  二 　　After orbiting Earth for six months, the three crew members of China's Shenzhou XIII mission departed from the Tiangong space station and returned to the mother planet on Saturday morning, finishing the 1.　　　　　　(long) manned spaceflight in the nation's history.  Major General Zhai Zhigang, 2.　　　　　　 was the mission commander, Senior Colonel Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu 3.　　　　　　(breathe) fresh air for the first time after the half⁃year space journey as the hatch of the capsule was opened at 10:03 am. The ground crew applauded as the 4.　　　　　　(astronaut) took turns to report that they were 5.　　　　　　 good physical condition.  Zhai said, “I am feeling very good. We want to report to the motherland and the people that we have 6.　　　　　　(successful) completed the Shenzhou XIII mission. We wish to thank President Xi for his care and attention. We thank all the Chinese people for their support and 7.　　　　　　(encourage). Our gratitude also goes to all of those 8.　　　　　　(involve) in our mission.”   During the Shenzhou XIII mission, the crew members also carried out two science lectures for Chinese students. Wang, the first Chinese woman 9.　　　　　　(live) in the Tiangong station, used 10.　　　　　　 toy called Bing Dwen Dwen in one experiment to display how objects fly in a weightless environment.  三 A new United Nations climate report predicts Africa's rare glaciers (冰川) will disappear in the next 20 years. The report, called State of the Climate in Africa, 1.　　　　 　　 (release) last Tuesday by the UN's World Meteorological(气象的) Organization (WMO) and other agencies. It warns that climate change will be the cause of the 2.　　　　 　　 (disappear) glaciers in eastern Africa.  The report warns that 3.　　　　　　 shrinking glaciers at Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Kenya's Mount Kenya and the Rwenzori Mountains in Uganda are signs of widespread climate change to come. 4.　　　　　　 the current shrinking rate continues, “it will lead to total disappearance by the 2040s,” the report says.  The report notes that last year(2020) was Africa's third 5.　　　　　　 (warm)on record. Data shows temperatures on the continent were 0.86 degrees Celsius higher than the average in the 30 years leading up to 2010. The WMO warns that Africa's 1.3 billion people remain “6.　　　　　　 (extreme) vulnerable (脆弱的)” as the continent keeps getting warmer 7.　　　　　　 a faster rate.  Petteri Taalas, Secretary⁃General of the WMO, said massive displacement, hunger and increasing climate events such as droughts and flooding are likely 8.　　　　　 (continue). He added there is a great need for investments in Africa to develop systems and technology 9.　　　　　　 can help the continent deal with the effects of climate change. The money could be used to improve early warning systems and build 10.　　　　　　 (equip) to better observe weather and water movements.  四 Figure skating 1.　　　　　　 (come) a long way since its beginning. Back in the 18th century in the UK, the sport was popular among the people in the highest social class. 2.　　　　　　 (gradual), more skating enthusiasts from Germany, the United States and Canada 3.　　　　　　 (follow) suit. In the 1860s, Jackson Haines, 4.　　　　　　 US ballet dancer and skater, used more artistic movements to make the sport less formal, earning him the title of “the father of modern figure skating”.  Skaters wearing eye⁃catching trousers, tights or skirts perform 5.　　　　　　 (vary) movements. Skaters can compete 6.　　　　　　 individuals, pairs or groups. Skaters need to complete two components:the short program and the free skate.  Figure skating requires the athletes to focus on both technical and performance 7.　　　　　　 (aspect) of skating. “A really good skater needs to be able to look effortless when they perform their elements. Without 8.　　　　　　 (strong), courage and years of practice, it's really hard 9.　　　　　　 (achieve) that goal and make an emotional connection with the audience,” Olympic gold medalist and retired skater Scott Hamilton told CNN. “And that's 10.　　　　　　 I liked about it.”  原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点21 语法填空 （初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 语法填空从命题形式看包括有提示词和无提示词两类,主要测试学生初中阶段学过的重点语法项目,重点考查词性转换、谓语动词、动词的非谓语形式、代词、连词和主从复合句,兼顾对形容词和副词的比较等级、冠词、介词和名词的数的考查。 高中要求 文本内容对考生来说既是考试,也是爱国教育和文明教育,引导考生关注中外文化、学习励志人物。从考点上看,动词(时态、语态和非谓语形式)设题最多,试题较为基础——谓语动词的一般过去时、一般现在时,以及动词的非谓语形式作状语和定语为主要考点;形容词和副词设题数量次之;再次是名词;然后是连词;最后是主从复合句、冠词、介词、代词和数词 【初中名词考点聚焦】 一 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you find that you learn things faster than your parents sometimes? Congratulations! You could be right. Scientists have found the reason 　1　 children gain faster than adults.  Scientists at Brown University, US, found that school-aged children gain new knowledge and 　2　(skill) faster than grown-ups. This has something to do with a chemical(化学物质) called GABA in our brains. It reduces brain noise so that we can learn things more 　3　(easy). It also 　4　(make) new knowledge stay longer in our heads.  The scientists scanned(扫描) the brains of children (8-11 years old) and adults (18-35 years old) before, during, and after doing 　5　 learning task. It turned out that when children learn new things, the amount of GABA rises quickly. But there's little change in adults' brains. This tells us why children are 　6　(good) learners than adults.  The finding, the scientists said, should encourage teachers and parents 　7　(let) children learn anything from riding a bike 　8　 playing an instrument in their childhood. It could also 　9　(use) to help adults learn faster by increasing the amount of GABA in 　10　(they) brains. The best way of increasing GABA is to get enough sleep and exercise.  1.　 　　　　2.　　　 　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　 6.　　 　7.　　 　　　8.　　　 　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　 答案　 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,主要分析了儿童学东西比成人快的原因。 1.why　考查定语从句。此处应用why引导定语从句,表示“……的原因”。故填why。 2.skills　考查名词的数。skill“技能”,是可数名词,此处泛指各种各样的技能,需用复数。故填skills。 3.easily　考查副词。分析句子结构可知,该空修饰动词learn,应用副词。故填easily。 4.makes　考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,该空作谓语,由It可知,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。 5.a　考查冠词。空后的task是可数名词单数形式,此处表泛指,应填不定冠词,learning以辅音音素开头,故填a。 6.better　考查形容词的比较级。由than可知,此处应用形容词比较级。故填better。 7.to let　考查动词不定式。固定搭配:encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。故填to let。 8.to　考查介词。固定搭配:from...to...从……到……。故填to。 9.be used　考查被动语态。由语境可知,主语It指物,与use之间是被动关系,此处应用被动语态。情态动词could后面跟动词原形,故填be used。 10.their　考查形容词性物主代词。该空修饰名词brains,应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。 二 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 More Lebanese(黎巴嫩的) Students Fall in Love with Chinese Culture! “More Lebanese students have shown interest in learning the Chinese language and studying China's culture,” said Lattouf, 　1　 director of the Confucius Institute.   Lebanese parents expect their children 　2　(learn) Chinese language. It is good for making friends and finding a job in the future, 　3　 China is super in economy and wins a lot of attention 　4　 other countries.  During the celebration of the 15th anniversary,students showed their great interest in Chinese culture. Usually speeches 　5　(give) in Chinese and Chinese calligraphy(书法) was performed at school.   “So far, students at the Confucius Institute 　6　(reach) over 1 000,” Lattouf said. “They will offer a new one-year program in Chinese culture and translation in September, mainly covering Chinese-Arabic translation,” Lattouf added 　7　(proud).  The Chinese embassy(大使馆) in Lebanon shows great support and promises to find training centers for students. The Confucius Institute's director said, “We hope 　8　 more Lebanese friends, especially young people, can experience one of 　9　(great) cultures in the world. We also hope it can develop traditional friendship between the two 　10　(country)and deepen people-to-people exchanges.”  1.　 　　　　2.　　　 　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　 6.　　 　7.　　 　　　8.　　　 　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。越来越多的黎巴嫩学生对中国文化产生兴趣,中国大使馆也鼓励两国之间的文化交流,以此发展两国之间的友谊。 1.the　考查冠词。director“院长,负责人”,是可数名词单数形式,此处特指这所孔子学院的院长,应填定冠词,故填the。 2.to learn　考查动词不定式。固定搭配:expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事。故填to learn。 3.because　考查连词。设空处前后是因果关系,故填because。 4.from　考查介词。此处为介词词组作名词attention的定语,表示来自其他国家的关注。故填from。 5.were given　考查被动语态。主语speeches与give之间是被动关系,此处应用被动语态。由本句中的was performed可知,时态为一般过去时。故填were given。 6.have reached　考查动词时态。设空处是谓语动词,根据So far可知本句为现在完成时,主语students是复数,故填have reached。 7.proudly　考查副词。设空处修饰动词added,应用副词。故填proudly。 8.that　考查宾语从句。设空处在We hope后,引导宾语从句,空后的从句成分完整,故填that。 9.the greatest　考查形容词最高级。固定结构“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”,表示“最……的……之一”,故填the greatest。 10.countries　考查名词复数。在数词two后要用可数名词的复数形式,故填countries。 三 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。 Peking Opera is one of China's important traditional art forms. It 　1　(regard) as one of the national treasures of China. It was formed in the late 18th century and 　2　(become) completely developed in the mid-19th century.  　3　 is Peking Opera so popular in China? The reason is that it shows the rich Chinese culture, including wonderful stories, paintings and clothes. It has four main 　4　(kind) of performers called sheng, dan, jing and chou. Each of 　5　(they) has its own clothes and face-paintings. Face-paintings with different colors have different meanings. For example, young male(男性的) characters are known as xiaosheng. Laosheng is an 　6　(old) role than xiaosheng. Dan is a female role. Jing is a colorful face-painted role and chou is a male clown(小丑) role.  Peking Opera tells stories 　7　 singing with different movements. Some of them are from history books, 　8　 most of them are from classical novels. The performance tells stories which have been passed down for thousands of years in Chinese history.  Peking Opera has become 　9　 important opera form for Chinese audiences. It has even made the people from Western countries interested in it. Nowadays more and more Western fans begin to learn the art. Some even come to China 　10　(perform) in popular talent shows on CCTV.  1.　 　　　　2.　　　 　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　 6.　　 　7.　　 　　　8.　　　 　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,介绍了京剧受欢迎的原因。 1.is regarded　考查被动语态。此处指它(京剧)被看作中国的民族瑰宝之一,故用被动语态。时态为一般现在时,故填is regarded。 2.became　考查动词时态。根据时间状语in the mid-19th century可知,时态为一般过去时,故填became。 3.Why　考查疑问句。根据“The reason is that”可知,此处询问原因,句首单词首字母大写,故填Why。 4.kinds　考查名词复数。根据four可知,此处用名词复数形式,故填kinds。 5.them　考查代词。此处指“他们中的每一个都有自己的服装和脸部彩绘”,介词of后用宾格。故填them。 6.older　考查形容词比较级。老生是一个比小生更老的角色。空后有than,应用比较级,故填older。 7.through　考查介词。设空处表示“通过”。故填through。 8.while　考查连词。句意:它们中的一些来自历史书,然而大部分来自经典小说。此处用while表示对比。 9.an　考查冠词。此处说京剧成了一种重要的戏剧形式,在元音音素开头的important前用an。 10.to perform　考查动词不定式。此处用动词不定式表示西方京剧迷来中国的目的,故填to perform。 【高中名词考点聚焦】 考纲解读 语法填空文本体裁为记叙文或说明文,词数为170~240。在文化考查内容上,内容体现中国文化,以外国人的视角来看中国,即“外国人讲自己在中国的故事”,而非简单地介绍中国文化。保护环境的感人故事;介绍国外博物馆的历史、功能等。文本内容对考生来说既是考试,也是爱国教育和文明教育,引导考生关注中外文化、学习励志人物。从考点上看,动词(时态、语态和非谓语形式)设题最多,试题较为基础——谓语动词的一般过去时、一般现在时,以及动词的非谓语形式作状语和定语为主要考点;形容词和副词设题数量次之;再次是名词;然后是连词;最后是主从复合句、冠词、介词、代词和数词。 考点清单 高考语法填空试题分两种:有提示词和无提示词。 有提示词的试题考查内容包括:动词的时态、语态以及动词的非谓语形式;名词单、复数变化;形容词和副词的比较等级变化;词性转换(如名词、动词、代词、形容词和副词之间的词性转换)等。 无提示词的试题考查内容包括:根据上下文填入冠词、连词、代词及介词等。具体做题技巧见下图: 系统学习构词法规则,研究词性转换规律 系统学习构词法不但可以帮助考生扩大词汇量,还可以帮助考生通过对前缀、后缀的识别来辨别词类,并且还能帮助我们把相关联的词汇组合在一起,构建系统的词汇图。这样不仅可以提高考生的语法填空能力,还可以提高考生的阅读理解和书面表达能力。 同时,通过对近三年涉及词性转换的试题的研究可以发现,试题有以下三种形式:①形容词——副词,如gentle—gently;actual—actually;②动词——名词,如develop—development;believe—belief;③名词——形容词,如wonder—wonderful;meaning—meaningful。考生需系统学习词性转换的基本规则,依托语篇训练,熟练运用前缀、后缀进行正确的转换。 1.This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers (carry) special significance. 【答案】carries 【解析】考查一般现在时和主谓一致。why引导表语从句，从句中主语为动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，由整篇文章语境可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填carries。 2.The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the well-known painter. 【答案】to find 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示出发去做某事应用短语set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。 3. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. 【答案】finest 【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”，此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。 4.Later，they learned to work with the (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields. 【答案】seasons 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。 5.Historical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 【答案】accuracy 【解析】句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处作主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。 6.I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years. I work not because I have to, _____ because I want to.” 【答案】but 【解析】根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是……而是 ……”之意，故填but。 7.This aging of the population is driven two factors. 【答案】by 【解析】考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由；被”应用介词by。故填by。 一 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The annual Harbin International Ice and Snow Sculpture (雕塑) Festival, which ____1____ (official) opened on January 5 and will run through next month, has turned the city into a wonderland. Last year, more than a million visitors ____2____ (attract) to Harbin to see the huge sculptures ____3____ (create) from huge ice blocks and tons of snow by artists from 12 countries. In the weeks ____4____ (lead) up to the latest festival, hundreds of workers spent hours cutting blocks of ice from the nearby Songhua River. Each piece weighed up to 1,554 pounds ____5____ almost 261,500 m³ of ice were cut and transported on the spot. When the ice and snow sculptures are lit up by thousands of lanterns, they are very ____6____ (impress), with the giant main sculpture measuring 108 feet in height and over 325 feet in ____7____ (long). From fantasy castles and creatures ____8____ entertainments of iconic monuments, the incredible ice and snow sculptures allow the public to relive ____9____ (they) childhood. Many visitors say it is _____10_____ once-in-a-lifetime experience for them! 【答案】1. officially 2. were attracted 3. created 4. leading 5. and 6. impressive 7. length 8. to 9. their 10. a 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是一年一度的哈尔滨国际冰雪节以及冰雕制作的相关情况。 1.考查副词。句意：一年一度的哈尔滨国际冰雪雕塑节于1月5日正式开幕，将持续到下个月，将这座城市变成了一个仙境。分析句子可知，此处应为副词修饰动词opened。故填officially。 2.考查谓语动词。句意：去年，超过一百万的游客被吸引到哈尔滨，观看来自12个国家的艺术家用巨大的冰块和成吨的雪创作的巨大雕塑。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据时间状语last week可知，此处应使用一般过去时态，句子主语是复数，且与谓语动词之间为被动关系。故填were attracted。 3.考查非谓语动词。句意：去年，超过一百万的游客被吸引到哈尔滨，观看来自12个国家的艺术家用巨大的冰块和成吨的雪创作的巨大雕塑。分析句子可知，该句已有谓语动词were attracted，且无连词连接两个句子，所以此处应为非谓语动词作定语修饰sculptures，结合句意，create与sculptures为被动关系，所以使用过去分词。故填created。 4.考查非谓语动词。句意：在最近一个节日前的几周里，数百名工人花了几个小时从附近的松花江上切割冰块。分析句子可知，该句中的spent为谓语动词，且无连词，所以此处应填非谓语动词作定语修饰weeks，动词lead与逻辑主语weeks之间为主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填leading。 5.考查连词。句意：每块重达 1，554 磅，近 261，500 立方米的冰被现场切割和运输。分析句子可知，空前与空后均有谓语动词分别是weighed和were cut and transported，所以此处应填连词连接两个句子，结合句意可知，空前句子与空后句子之间为并列关系。故填and。 6.考查形容词。句意：当冰雪雕塑被成千上万的灯笼照亮时，它们非常令人印象深刻，巨大的主雕塑高108英尺，长度超过325英尺。分析句子可知，此空位于系动词之后，所以此处应填形容词作表语，impress的形容词为impressive意为“令人印象深刻”符合句意。故填impressive。 7.考查名词。句意：当冰雪雕塑被成千上万的灯笼照亮时，它们非常令人印象深刻，巨大的主雕塑高108英尺，长度超过325英尺。分析句子可知，介词in后应填名词作宾语，long的名词是length，且为不可数名词。故填length。 8.考查介词。句意：从幻想的城堡和生物到标志性古迹的娱乐活动，令人难以置信的冰雪雕塑让公众重温童年。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语from…to…意为“从……到……”符合句意。故填to。 9.考查代词。句意：从幻想的城堡和生物到标志性古迹的娱乐活动，令人难以置信的冰雪雕塑让公众重温童年。分析句子可知，此空位于名词之前，提示词为代词，所以此处应填形容词性物主代词修饰childhood。故填their。 10.考查冠词。句意：许多游客说这对他们来说是千载难逢的体验！根据句意可知，experience意为“经历”为可数名词单数，可数名词单数前必须有限定词，所以应填冠词，此处表示泛指，所以使用不定冠词，空后的once首字母发音为辅音。故填a。 二 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is 1969 in China’s Northeast ___1___ Zhou Zhigang, a construction worker, is sent to engage in a large –scale construction project. His eldest son and daughter become zhiqing, ___2___ （leave） the youngest son and his mother at home. Focusing on the ups and downs of Zhou’s family over fifty years, the realistic drama “A Lifelong Journey” has been ___3___ huge hit on TV and online. ___4___ （adapt） from Liang Xiaosheng’s novel of the same name, which won the Mao Dun Literary Prize, the show ___5___ （explore） themes of family, friendship and romance in a bittersweet story. Many reviewers describe the show ___6___ a time machine to go back to the past, reflecting how we’ve got there. The ___7___ （major） of the story takes place in a Shantytown（棚户区）, Guangzipian representing ren, yi, li, zhi, and xin, the five virtues of Confucianism. In this drama, Zhou’s family has to deal with ___8___ （society） changes and fit in with the country’s rapid development. A lifelong Journey shows viewers ___9___ ordinary Chinese have experienced in China’s transforming from a poor country into a powerful one. It is the kind of show that touches our heartstrings with heartwarming stories and you can’t afford to miss ____10____ anyway. 【答案】1. when 2. leaving 3. a 4. Adapted 5. explores 6. as 7. majority 8. social 9. what 10. it 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电视剧《人世间》的主要内容以及观众们的观看评价及感受。 1.考查定语从句的关系词。句意：1969年，在中国东北，建筑工人周志刚被派去从事一项大型建设工程。根据句意可知，该句是一个定语从句。从句主谓宾完整，要用关系副词，先行词是时间1969，从句中作时间状语，所以此处用关系副词when。故填when。 2.考查非谓语动词。句意：他的大儿子和女儿成了知青，把小儿子和母亲留在家里。分词句子可知，become 是谓语，空处需填非谓语作状语，表示伴随，需用现在分词。故填leaving。 3.考查冠词。句意：《人世间》讲述了周氏家族50年来的起起伏伏，这部现实主义题材的电视剧在电视和网络上获得了巨大的成功。hit作名词， 表示 “受欢迎的人或事物”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，huge发音以辅音音素开头，需要用不定冠词a。故填a。 4.考查非谓语动词。句意：该剧改编自梁小生同名小说，曾获茅盾文学奖，它在一个苦乐参半的故事中探讨了家庭、友谊和爱情的主题。分析句子结构可知，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，adapt 和该句主语the show 是被动关系，需要用过去分词表示被动。故填Adapted。 5.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该剧改编自梁小生的同名小说，曾获茅盾文学奖，它在一个苦乐参半的故事中探讨了家庭、友谊和爱情的主题。分析句子结构可知，show作谓语，文章主体时态为一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填explores。 6.考查介词。句意：许多影评人将该剧描述为让我们回到过去的时光机，反映了我们是如何回到过去的。describe sth. as sth. 为固定短语，意为 “把……描述为……” 。故填as。 7.考查名词。句意：大部分故事发生在一个棚户区，光字片代表着儒家的五德——仁、义、利、智、信。表示 “大多数，大部分”，此处需要名词作定语。故填majority。 8.考查形容词。句意：在这部剧中，周的家庭必须应对社会的变化，适应国家的快速发展。该空后是一个名词 changes “变化”，要表示 “社会的变化”，需要一个形容词，来修饰名词。故填social。 9.考查宾语从句。句意：《人世间》向观众展示了普通中国人在中国从穷国转变为强国的过程中所经历的一切。空格处引导宾语从句，缺少主语，表示 “……的事情”，需要用连接词what引导。故填what。 10.考查代词。句意：这是一部用温暖的故事触动我们心弦的电视剧，无论如何你都不能错过它。空处缺miss的宾语，用来指代前文提到的这部剧，需要用代词，单数形式。故填it。 三 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 This paper is about how blue light is bad for you.___1___ (month) of studies and test have shown that blue light can make ___2___ hard for people to sleep; this means your body doesn't get the rest it ___3___(need). This can then lead to things like heart problems, feeling unhappy, and ___4___ (get) fat. Blue light is the light from your phone or computer. We ___5___(test) two groups of people, and let them do different things before bed: look at a phone or read a book. We found that when you look at a phone before bed, you feel less ___6___ (tire) and spend less time sleeping. The good thing is that we also found some things people can do ___7___ (stay) away from this problem. One is not to look at a phone or computer two hours before going to bed. An-other thing ___8___ people can do is to get a lot of bright light from the sun during ___9___ day.This will help people sleep at night. Research has shown us a lot, but there is even ___10___(much) that should be done. We will keep on studying the dark side of blue light to help people avoid problems it may bring. 【答案】1. Months 2. it 3. needs 4. getting 5. tested 6. tired 7. to stay 8. that/which 9. the 10. more 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了手机或电脑发出的蓝光对我们的危害，和一些防御的方法。 1.考查名词。句意：几个月的研究和测试表明，蓝光会让人难以入睡。结合空格后的 of studies 可知，用复数名词表泛指，意为“数月的研究”符合语境，且位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填 Months。 2.考查代词。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处用 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式 to sleep。故填 it。 3.考查主谓一致。句意：这意味着你的身体没有得到它需要的休息。分析句式结构可知，此处是省略引导词的定语从句，从句中主语 it 为第三人称单数形式，且根据上文的 doesn't 可知，时态为一般现在时，所以此处用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填 needs。 4.考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能会导致心脏问题，感觉不开心，变胖。分析句式结构可知，此处应该用现在分词作伴随状语与上文的 feeling 并列。故填 getting。 5.考查动词的时态。句意：我们测试了两组人，让他们在睡觉前做不同的事情：看手机或读书。分析句意再根据下文的 found 可知，此处应该是用一般现在时。故填 tested。 6.考查形容词。句意：我们发现，当你在睡前看手机时，你会感觉不那么累，睡眠时间也会减少。根据空格前的感官动词 feel 可知，此处应该用形容词作表语。故填 tired。 7.考查非谓语动词。句意：好消息是，我们还发现了一些人们可以做的事情来远离这个问题。分析句式结构可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填 to stay。 8.考查定语从句。句意：人们可以做的另一件事是在白天从太阳那里获得大量明亮的光线。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，所以用关系代词 that 或 which 来引导定语从句。故填 that/which。 9.考查冠词。句意：同上。分析句意可知，此处是指在白天获得明亮光线，所以用 the 构成固定短语 during the day 表示“在白天”，符合语境。故填 the。 10.考查比较级。句意：研究已经向我们展示了很多，但还有更多的事情需要做。根据空格前的 even 并结合句意可知， 此处应该用提示词的比较级形式。故填 more。 四 阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)，或括号内单词的正确形式。 Every day many teens wake up afraid of going to school.School bullying(校园欺凌) is a problem ____1____ (affect) millions of students，which makes everyone worried，not just the kids.Yet because parents，teachers and other adults don’t always see it，they may not understand ____2____ bad bullying can be. School bullying can____3____ (threat) students’ physical and emotional safety at school and can influence their ability to learn.There ____4____ (be) a number of things you can do to make schools safe and prevent bullying. For younger kids，the best way of solving the bullying problem is to tell ____5____ trusted adult.For teens，the tell-an-adult way depends ____6____ the bullying situation.If you see or hear someone ____7____ (beat)，you should step in ____8____ (stop) the bullying right away.If you cannot stop it by yourself，then find someone who can.It is important to keep the bully away from the person he or she is bullying.Do not force the two parties to be in the same room together.Bullying is a problem that can cause serious damage unless the problem ____9____ (solve) in time.Take any bullying that you hear about very _____10_____ (serious). You might even need to call the police in some situations. 【答案】1. affecting 2. how 3. threaten 4. are 5. a 6. on 7. being beaten 8. to stop 9. is solved 10. seriously 【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了校园欺凌的危害以及解决欺凌问题的最好方法。 1.考查现在分词。句意：校园欺凌是一个影响数百万学生的问题，这让每个人都感到担忧，而不仅仅是孩子们。分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词，problem与affect在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填affecting。 2.考查连接词。句意：然而，因为父母、老师和其他成年人并不总是看到它，他们可能不理解欺凌有多糟糕。understand后接宾语从句，从句缺少表示方式的连接副词how。故填how。 3.考查情态动词后接动词原形。句意：校园欺凌会威胁到学生在学校的身体和情感安全，并影响他们的学习能力。can后接动词原形threaten。故填threaten。 4.考查主谓一致。句意：你可以做很多事情来确保学校安全和防止欺凌。a number of things为主语，be动词为are。故填are。 5.考查冠词。句意：对于年幼的孩子来说，解决欺凌问题的最好方法是告诉一个值得信任的成年人。根据句意可知，表示一个值得信任的成年人，trusted首字母的发音为元音音素，所以冠词为a。 故填a。 6.考查介词。句意：对于青少年来说，告诉大人的方式取决于欺凌的情况。depend on“依靠，依赖”为固定短语。故填on。 7.考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你看到或听到有人正在被打，你应该立即介入制止欺凌。空处填非谓语动词，someone与beat在逻辑上是被动关系，且表示正在进行，所以用现在分词的被动形式作宾语补足语。故填being beaten。 8.考查非谓语。句意：如果你看到或听到有人被打，你应该立即介入制止欺凌。动词不定式作目的状语。故填to stop。 9.考查时态语态。句意：如果不及时解决问题，欺凌是一个会造成严重伤害的问题。unless引导的条件状语从句，从句为一般现在时，the problem与谓语solve为被动关系，所以本句为一般现在时的被动语态。 故填is solved。 10.考查副词。句意：认真对待你听到的任何欺凌行为。副词seriously修饰动词。故填seriously。 五 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号单词的正确形式. On October 23, 2018, President Xi Jinping announced the opening of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) in Zhuhai, Guangdong province. The HZMB ____1____ (locate) at the waters of the Lingding Sea, is a huge sea-crossing project, linking Hong Kong, Macao and the Chinese mainland city of Zhuhai. As the world’s ____2____ (long) sea-based project, the 55-kilometre bridge is the result of five years of research and another nine years of building. It has been described as one of the seven ____3____ (wonder) of the modern world. The project ____4____ (make) up of several parts. It is designed with ____5____ service life of 120 years. It can withstand very strong winds. The bridge’s engineers had to consider many environmental factors ____6____ (protect) the surrounding environment while building the bridge. Chinese white dolphins, an ____7____ (endanger) species that lives in the area, ____8____ (be) a particular concern. The HZMB will make ____9____ much more convenient to travel between the three areas it connects. It will bring people in Hong Kong, Macao and Guangdong within a “one-hour living circle”, _____10_____ is expected to attract more visitors. It will be a transport link as well as a social, economic, cultural, and tourism connection among the three areas. 【答案】1. located 2. longest 3. wonders 4. is made 5. a 6. to protect 7. endangered 8. were 9. it 10. which 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是中国建造了香港珠海澳门大桥以及其影响。 1.考查非谓语动词。句意：港珠澳大桥位于伶仃海水域，是连接香港、澳门和中国内地城市珠海的大型跨海工程。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，HZMB和locate之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填located。 2.考查形容词最高级。句意：作为世界上最长的海基项目，这座55公里长的大桥是5年研究和9年建设的结果。由“the world’s”可知，句子表示“作为世界上最长的海基项目”，空格处用形容词最高级，故填longest。 3.考查名词的数。句意：它被称为现代世界七大奇迹之一。seven后应用可数名词复数，故填wonders。 4.考查短语和时态。句意：该项目由几个部分组成。be made up of是固定短语，意为“由……组成”，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语project是单数，因此空格处用is made，故填is made。 5.考查冠词。句意：设计使用寿命为120年。“service life”意为“使用寿命”，表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，service是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。 6.考查不定式。句意：大桥的工程师在建造大桥时，必须考虑许多环境因素来保护周围的环境。根据语境可知，句子表示“大桥的工程师在建造大桥时，必须考虑许多环境因素来保护周围的环境”，空格处用不定式表目的，故填to protect。 7.考查形容词。句意：生活在该地区的濒危物种中华白海豚尤其令人担忧。修饰名词species用形容词，endangered濒危的，符合题意，故填endangered。 8.考查时态和主谓一致。句意同上，主语“Chinese white dolphins”是复数，且句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，故填were。 9.考查形式宾语。句意：港珠澳大桥将使它连接的三个地区之间的交通更加方便。分析可知，此处用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式，故填it。 10.考查非限定性定语从句。句意：它将使香港、澳门和广东的人们形成一个“一小时生活圈”，预计将吸引更多的游客。关系词指代前面整个主句内容并在非限定性定语从句中作主语，故填which。 六 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 The Honghe Hani Rice Terraces(梯田), in southern Yunnan, China, cover a huge 16, 603-hectare area. The terraces, ____1____(know)to all of the world now, were made out of a thick forest by the Hani people. The terraces rise at different angles from a shallow 15°____2____ a steep 75°, forming a wonderful landscape(景观)that ____3____(be)rare in the world. In 2003, the terraced fields were ____4____(official)recognized by UNESCO as a World Cultural and Natural Heritage site. About 1,300 years ago, the Hani people first ____5____(come)to the steep mountains. They struggled against the difficult terrain(地形), successfully creating the terraces, where they grew rice in order to make ____6____(they) living. Over the past 1,300 years, the Hani people have developed a complex system of channels ____7____(bring)water from the forested mountaintops. They show great appreciation for natural phenomena such as rivers, mountains, the sun, fire ____8____ the moon. They have also created a complete farming system ____9____ involves cattle, ducks, and fish and supports the _____10_____(produce)of red rice, the area's main crop. The landscape changes through the year. In April the terraces are all green as rice starts to grow; in later parts of the year it is yellowish brown as the rice ripens. In February, the terraces become bare earth, with the water reflecting(反射)the sky. 【答案】1. known 2. to 3. is 4. officially 5. came 6. their 7. to bring 8. and 9. which##that 10. production 【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了被联合国教科文组织认定为世界文化和自然遗产的红河哈尼梯田的总体情况、悠久历史和重要作用。 1.考查非谓语动词。句意：现在举世闻名的红河哈尼梯田，是哈尼族人民在茂密的森林里建造的。句中已有谓语动词were made，空处用非谓语，The terraces和动词know是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填known。 2.考查介词。句意：梯田从15度的缓坡到75度的峭壁以不同的角度上升，形成了世界上罕见的美妙景观。“从……到”from…to，故填to。 3.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：梯田从15度的缓坡到75度的峭壁以不同的角度上升，形成了世界上罕见的美妙景观。此处描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语a wonderful landscape为单数，故填is。 4.考查副词。句意：2003年，红河哈尼梯田被联合国教科文组织正式认定为世界文化和自然遗产。修饰动词recognized用副词，故填officially。 5.考查动词时态。句意：大约在1300年前，哈尼族人民第一次来到这陡峭的山脉。根据1,300 years ago可知用一般过去时，故填came。 6.考查代词。句意：他们与困难的地形斗争，成功地创造了梯田，在那里种植水稻以维持生计。“谋生”是make one’s living，此处用they的形容词性物主代词，故填their。 7.考查动词不定式。句意：在过去的1300年里，哈尼族开发了一个复杂的渠道系统，从森林覆盖的山顶引水。句中已有谓语动词，空处用非谓语，此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语，故填to bring。 8.考查连词。句意：他们对河流、山脉、太阳、火和月亮等自然现象表现出极大的感恩。the moon 和rivers, mountains, the sun, fire是并列关系，故填and。 9.考查定语从句。句意：他们还创建了一个完整的农业系统，包括牛、鸭和鱼，并支持该地区的主要作物红米的生产。句中包含定语从句，先行词是farming system指物，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。故填which/that。 10.考查名词。句意：他们还创建了一个完整的农业系统，包括牛、鸭和鱼，并支持该地区的主要作物红米的生产。空处作supports的宾语且由the修饰用名词，指红米的生产，故填production。 七 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 A Young Designer's Way to Fashion Success Chinese designer Zhang Yan, ____1____ work has just hit New York's and Chinese catwalks (T台), is slowly breaking the old idea about men in embroidery (刺绣) and fashion. Zhang has surprised the world with his unique embroidered Qipaos. However, for the 26-year-old young man, his success is not easy. ____2____ (hold) the tiny needle properly in his big hand wasn't ____3____ easy job for Zhang in the early days. What's more, his parents were ____4____ (strong) against him, thinking that embroidery was women' s work and it had no future, ____5____ Zhang did not give up. He believes the spirit of craftsmanship has nothing to do with gender (性别) when it comes to dreams. Years of his hard work ____6____ (pay) off so far. His designs quickly drew attention and even earned him an invitation ____7____ the 2019 New York Fashion Week. Western audiences at the show ____8____ (amaze) by the charm of the embroidered Qipao, saying it showed a kind of Eastern power. Feeling that his success has brought him a sense of national ____9____ (proud), Zhang hopes his experience can also help inspire teenagers _____10_____ (follow) their dreams. "There are many ways to achieve success. As long as you keep going, you can make your dreams come true," he says. 【答案】1. whose 2. Holding 3. an 4. strongly 5. but 6. has paid 7. to 8. were amazed 9. pride 10. to follow 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述一个年轻设计师的时装成功之路。 1.考查定语从句。句意：中国设计师张岩的作品刚刚登上纽约和中国的T台，她正在慢慢地打破关于男人从事刺绣和时尚的旧观念。此处Chinese designer Zhang Yan是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作定语，由关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 2.考查动名词作主语。句意：在刚开始的时候，把细小的针握在他的大手里并不是一件容易的事。句子缺少主语，此处是动名词作主语。故填Holding。 3.考查不定冠词。句意：在刚开始时候，把细小的针握在他的大手里并不是一件容易的事。此处表示“泛指”，用不定冠词，easy是以元音音素开头的词，所以用an表示“一”。故填an。 4.考查副词。句意：而且，他的父母强烈反对他，认为刺绣是女人的工作，没有前途，但张没有放弃。句中against him是介词短语作表语，由副词修饰。故填strongly。 5.考查并列连词。句意：而且，他的父母强烈反对他，认为刺绣是女人的工作，没有前途，但张没有放弃。前后是转折关系，由并列连词but连接。故填but。 6.考查现在完成时。句意：他多年的努力工作到目前为止已经有了回报。根据时间状语so far可知，用现在完成时，再根据主语是不可数名词work，后面的谓语动词用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填has paid。 7.考查介词to的用法。句意：他的设计很快吸引了人们的注意，甚至为他赢得了2019年纽约时装周的邀请。固定搭配：an invitation to“.…..的邀请”，其中to是介词。故填to。 8.考查动词时态语态。句意：观看演出的西方观众惊叹于刺绣旗袍的魅力，认为它展示了一种东方力量。主语audiences和谓语动词amaze之间是被动关系，且指过去的事情，所以句子用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语是复数。故填were amazed。 9.考查名词。句意：成功给他带来了一种民族自豪感，他希望自己的经历也能激励青少年追逐自己的梦想。句中national是形容词，修饰名词，所给词proud是形容词，其名词是pride。故填pride。 10.考查不定式作宾语补足语。句意：成功给他带来了一种民族自豪感，他希望自己的经历也能激励青少年追逐自己的梦想。固定搭配：inspire sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，其中不定式作宾语补足语。故填to follow。 八 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by ____1____ these names mean. In the 16th century, Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. In the 18th century, Scotland was joined ____2____ (create) the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. However, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted ____3____ the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. ____4____, most people prefer to use the shortened name: The UK. Although the four countries work together in some areas, they still have some ____5____ (different). There were four sets of invaders and the last group were the Normans. They had the castles ____6____ (build) all round England and made changes to legal systems. The capital city London is ____7____ ancient port city that has a history ____8____ (date) back to Roman times. Studying the history of the country will help you understand more about the country and ____9____ traditions as well as make your visit much more _____10_____ (enjoy). 【答案】1. what 2. to create 3. in 4. However 5. differences 6. built 7. an 8. dating 9. its 10. enjoyable 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国形成的过程和发展，作者认为学习这个国家的历史可以帮助你更多地了解这个国家和它的传统，也会使你的参观更加愉快。 1.考查宾语从句。句意：“联合王国”、“大不列颠”、“不列颠”、“英格兰”——许多人对这些名称的含义感到困惑。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事物应用what。故填what。 2.考查非谓语动词。句意：在18世纪，苏格兰联合起来建立了大不列颠王国。分析句子结构可知create在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to create。 3.考查介词。句意：然而，爱尔兰南部脱离了英国，于是就有了我们今天的全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。此处为短语result in表示“导致，结果是”。故填in。 4.考查副词。句意：然而，大多数人更喜欢用缩写“the UK”。上文提到英国的全称是“大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国”，后文则说大多数人更喜欢用缩写“the UK”，前后文为转折关系，且由逗号隔开，应用副词however。句首单词首字母要大写。故填However。 5.考查名词。句意：虽然四国在一些领域有合作，但也存在一些分歧。空处作宾语，表示“分歧”应用名词difference，由some修饰应用复数。故填differences。 6.考查非谓语动词。句意：他们在英国各地建造城堡，并对法律体系进行了修改。此处为“have+宾语+宾补”结构，castles与build构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作宾补。故填built。 7.考查冠词。句意：首都伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。city为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且ancient是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。 8.考查非谓语动词。句意：首都伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。分析句子结构可知date在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语history构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填dating。 9.考查代词。句意：学习这个国家的历史可以帮助你更多地了解这个国家和它的传统，也会使你的参观更加愉快。修饰后文名词traditions，表示“它的”应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 10.考查形容词。句意：学习这个国家的历史可以帮助你更多地了解这个国家和它的传统，也会使你的参观更加愉快。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，表示“愉快”应用形容词enjoyable作宾补。故填enjoyable。 九 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course .But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term ____1____ (rest). Instead, she is earning $6,500 a day as ____2____ model in New York. Sarah ____3____ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, ____4____ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants____5____ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her____6____ (educate). She has turned down several____7____ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree____8____ engineering or architecture. Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school____9____ (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is_____10_____ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model my more." 【答案】1. resting 2. a 3. has been told##was told 4. who 5. to prove 6. education 7. invitations 8. in 9. comes 10. certainly 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sarah为了专心学习，拒绝在节目中担任主演的邀请。 1.考查非谓语动词。句意：但与她的学校朋友不同的是，16岁的莎拉并没有在期中休息。sb. spend time (in) doing sth.为固定句型，意为“某人花费时间做某事”，空处需填动名词作宾语。故填resting。 2.考查冠词。句意：相反，她在纽约做模特，每天能挣6500美元。model为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且model发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a限定。故填a。 3.考查动词时态语态。句意：莎拉被告知她将成为英国新的超级名模，并在明年赚到100万美元。空处需填动词作谓语，Sarah和tell为被动关系，需用被动语态，结合语境可知，此处可用一般过去时或者现在完成时，主语为Sarah，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has been told/was told。 4.考查定语从句。句意：但是和顶级模特一起参加时装秀的莎拉想要证明自己不仅漂亮，而且有头脑。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Sarah，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。 5.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。want to do sth.为固定用法，意为“想要做某事”，空处需填动词不定式作宾语。故填to prove。 6.考查名词。句意：她决心继续接受教育。her为形容词性物主代词，后面需加名词，education意为“教育”，是不可数名词。故填education。 7.考查名词。句意：为了专心学习，她已经拒绝了几次参加演出的邀请。invitation为可数名词，several后面需加名词复数形式。故填invitations。 8.考查介词。句意：毕业后，她计划休息一年做全职模特，然后再去大学攻读工程或建筑学学位。表示“在……方面”需用介词in。故填in。 9.考查动词时态。句意：但现在，学校是第一位的。根据“at the moment”可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语为school，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填comes。 10.考查副词。句意：这当然是有趣的，但生活方式有点不真实。修饰形容词fun需用副词certainly作状语。故填certainly。 一 　　Many music lovers have an opinion on what was the best year for music. Some people say it was 1824 1.　　　　　　 Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 was performed first. Other people say it was 1969 due 2.　　　　　　 the hit songs by the Beatles and Elvis Presley. Last month, a survey 3.　　　　　　 (conduct) by a UK radio station and found the best year for music was 1991. This is because of the 4.　　　　　　 (prefer) for bands like the Red Hot Chili Peppers and Nirvana. The reason for 1991 5.　　　　　　(be) the survey's best year for music could be the average age of the 6.　　　　　　 (listen) of the station. The music lovers have great memories of 1991, many of 7.　　　　　　 were teenagers at that time.  Psychologists believe people tend to stick to the songs they 8.　　　 　　　 (hear) when they were teenagers. They would become peaceful and 9.　　　　　　 (energy) listening to these songs. These songs naturally become 10.　　　　　 　 (root) in our important memories.  [语篇解读] 本文介绍了英国一家广播电台进行的一项调查发现音乐最好的年份是1991年,并分析了原因。 1.when　考查定语从句。句意:有人说是1824年,那时贝多芬的《第九交响曲》第一次演奏。此处为定语从句,关系词指代先行词1824并在从句中作时间状语。 2.to　考查介词短语。句意:还有人说是1969年,因为披头士乐队和猫王的风行一时的歌曲。固定短语due to意为:由于,因为,符合题意。 3.was conducted　考查时态和语态。句意:上个月,英国一家广播电台进行了一项调查,发现音乐最好的年份是1991年。a survey与conduct之间是被动关系,再结合时间状语Last month可知用一般过去时的被动语态。 4.preference　考查名词。句意:这是因为对红辣椒和涅槃等乐队的偏爱。此处缺少名词作介词短语because of的宾语,表抽象意义,故用名词形式。 5.being　考查动名词的复合结构。句意:1991年是调查中音乐表现最好的一年,原因可能是该电台听众的平均年龄。分析可知,此处为动名词的复合结构作for的宾语,1991是being的逻辑主语。 6.listeners　考查名词的数。根据句意可知此处表示“听众”,且为复数概念。 7.whom　考查定语从句。句意:这些音乐爱好者对1991年有着美好的回忆,他们中的许多人当时都是青少年。关系词指代先行词The music lovers并在非限制性定语从句中作介词of的宾语,用宾格形式whom。 8.heard　考查时态。句意:心理学家认为,人们往往专注于他们在青少年时期听过的歌曲。根据“when they were teenagers”可知用一般过去时。 9.energetic　考查形容词。句意:听这些歌曲,他们会变得平静而充满活力。此处与前面的peaceful并列,用形容词作表语。 10.rooted　考查形容词。句意:这些歌曲自然而然地扎根于我们的重要记忆中。此处缺少形容词作表语,形容词rooted“根深蒂固的”符合题意。 二 　　After orbiting Earth for six months, the three crew members of China's Shenzhou XIII mission departed from the Tiangong space station and returned to the mother planet on Saturday morning, finishing the 1.　　　　　　(long) manned spaceflight in the nation's history.  Major General Zhai Zhigang, 2.　　　　　　 was the mission commander, Senior Colonel Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu 3.　　　　　　(breathe) fresh air for the first time after the half⁃year space journey as the hatch of the capsule was opened at 10:03 am. The ground crew applauded as the 4.　　　　　　(astronaut) took turns to report that they were 5.　　　　　　 good physical condition.  Zhai said, “I am feeling very good. We want to report to the motherland and the people that we have 6.　　　　　　(successful) completed the Shenzhou XIII mission. We wish to thank President Xi for his care and attention. We thank all the Chinese people for their support and 7.　　　　　　(encourage). Our gratitude also goes to all of those 8.　　　　　　(involve) in our mission.”   During the Shenzhou XIII mission, the crew members also carried out two science lectures for Chinese students. Wang, the first Chinese woman 9.　　　　　　(live) in the Tiangong station, used 10.　　　　　　 toy called Bing Dwen Dwen in one experiment to display how objects fly in a weightless environment.  [语篇解读] 文章是关于神舟十三号三位中国航天员成功返回地球的报道。 1.longest　考查形容词。在绕地球六个月之后,三位中国航天员离开了天宫空间站于周六上午返回地球,结束了我国最长的载人航天飞行任务。由句意可知,设空处应填入形容词最高级。 2.who　考查定语从句。翟志刚,本次飞行任务指令长,王亚平和叶光富时隔半年后首次呼吸到新鲜空气。分析句子可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Zhai Zhigang,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用who引导。 3.breathed　考查一般过去时。设空处是句子的谓语,此处讲述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。 4.astronauts　考查名词复数。句意:当每一位航天员轮流报告他们身体状况良好时,地面的工作人员鼓掌。astronaut是可数名词,根据文中“took turns”及“they”可知,此处应用复数形式。 5.in　考查介词。in good physical condition“身体状况良好”是固定搭配。 6.successfully　考查副词。我们想向祖国和人民报告我们已成功地完成神舟十三号的航天飞行任务。分析句子结构可知,设空处修饰谓语动词,应用副词形式。 7.encouragement　考查名词。我们感谢全体中国人民的支持和鼓励。根据句子结构可知,设空处需填入名词作宾语,encouragement“鼓励”是不可数名词。 8.involved　考查过去分词。我们也要感谢所有参与这次航天任务的人。all of those与动词involve之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。 9.to live/to have lived　考查动词不定式或动词不定式的完成式。句意:王亚平,(曾)居住在天宫空间站的首位中国女性,在一次实验中使用一只冰墩墩玩偶来展示物体在失重环境中如何飞行。分析句子结构可知,设空处是后置定语修饰woman,woman前有序数词修饰,根据“the first...to do”的惯用搭配,应填入动词不定式,此处也可用不定式的完成式,指live所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。 10.a　考查不定冠词。设空处应填冠词,toy是可数名词,此处是第一次出现,应用不定冠词表示泛指。 三 A new United Nations climate report predicts Africa's rare glaciers (冰川) will disappear in the next 20 years. The report, called State of the Climate in Africa, 1.　　　　 　　 (release) last Tuesday by the UN's World Meteorological(气象的) Organization (WMO) and other agencies. It warns that climate change will be the cause of the 2.　　　　 　　 (disappear) glaciers in eastern Africa.  The report warns that 3.　　　　　　 shrinking glaciers at Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Kenya's Mount Kenya and the Rwenzori Mountains in Uganda are signs of widespread climate change to come. 4.　　　　　　 the current shrinking rate continues, “it will lead to total disappearance by the 2040s,” the report says.  The report notes that last year(2020) was Africa's third 5.　　　　　　 (warm)on record. Data shows temperatures on the continent were 0.86 degrees Celsius higher than the average in the 30 years leading up to 2010. The WMO warns that Africa's 1.3 billion people remain “6.　　　　　　 (extreme) vulnerable (脆弱的)” as the continent keeps getting warmer 7.　　　　　　 a faster rate.  Petteri Taalas, Secretary⁃General of the WMO, said massive displacement, hunger and increasing climate events such as droughts and flooding are likely 8.　　　　　 (continue). He added there is a great need for investments in Africa to develop systems and technology 9.　　　　　　 can help the continent deal with the effects of climate change. The money could be used to improve early warning systems and build 10.　　　　　　 (equip) to better observe weather and water movements.  [语篇解读] 一份新的联合国气候报告预测,非洲罕见的冰川将在未来20年内消失。 1.was released　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:这份名为《非洲气候状况》的报告是由联合国世界气象组织(WMO)和其他机构于上周二发布的。分析句子可知,release与主语The report是被动关系,由时间状语last Tuesday可知,用一般过去时,主语The report是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数。 2.disappearing　考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:它警告说,气候变化将是东非冰川消失的原因。分析句子可知,本空作定语,修饰glaciers,disappear是不及物动词,与逻辑主语glaciers是主动关系,用现在分词作定语。 3.the　考查冠词。句意:报告警告说,坦桑尼亚的乞力马扎罗山、肯尼亚的肯尼亚山和乌干达的鲁文佐里山正在变小的冰川,是大范围气候变化即将到来的迹象。根据下文可知,此处表示特指,修饰glaciers。 4.If　考查连词。如果目前的萎缩速度继续下去,到21世纪40年代冰川将完全消融。根据句意,此处是后文的条件,用if引导条件状语从句。 5.warmest　考查形容词最高级。句意:报告指出,去年(2020年)是非洲有记录以来第三热的一年。根据“third”以及下文的“on record”可知用形容词最高级。 6.extremely　考查副词。句意:世界气象组织警告说,随着这个大陆以更快的速度持续变暖,非洲的13亿人口依然“极其脆弱”。修饰形容词用副词作状语。 7.at　考查介词。at a/an...rate“以……速度”是固定短语。 8.to continue　考查动词的非谓语形式。大规模流离失所、饥饿以及日益增多的气候事件,诸如干旱和洪水等,很可能会继续。be likely to do sth.“很可能做某事”是固定短语。 9.that/which　考查定语从句。句意:他补充说,非洲非常需要投资,以开发能够帮助非洲大陆应对气候变化影响的系统和技术。分析句子可知,空格处引导的定语从句修饰“systems and technology”,空格处在从句中作主语,用关系代词that或者which。 10.equipment　考查名词。句意:这笔钱可以用来改善早期预警系统,并建造设备来更好地观察天气和水的流动。分析句子可知,空格处应用名词作宾语,equipment“设备”是不可数名词。 四 Figure skating 1.　　　　　　 (come) a long way since its beginning. Back in the 18th century in the UK, the sport was popular among the people in the highest social class. 2.　　　　　　 (gradual), more skating enthusiasts from Germany, the United States and Canada 3.　　　　　　 (follow) suit. In the 1860s, Jackson Haines, 4.　　　　　　 US ballet dancer and skater, used more artistic movements to make the sport less formal, earning him the title of “the father of modern figure skating”.  Skaters wearing eye⁃catching trousers, tights or skirts perform 5.　　　　　　 (vary) movements. Skaters can compete 6.　　　　　　 individuals, pairs or groups. Skaters need to complete two components:the short program and the free skate.  Figure skating requires the athletes to focus on both technical and performance 7.　　　　　　 (aspect) of skating. “A really good skater needs to be able to look effortless when they perform their elements. Without 8.　　　　　　 (strong), courage and years of practice, it's really hard 9.　　　　　　 (achieve) that goal and make an emotional connection with the audience,” Olympic gold medalist and retired skater Scott Hamilton told CNN. “And that's 10.　　　　　　 I liked about it.”  [语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了花样滑冰的由来和比赛的一些相关知识。 1.has come　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:花样滑冰到现在已经取得了长足的进步。本句要填谓语动词,因为有时间状语since its beginning,所以要用现在完成时态;主语是Figure skating,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 2.Gradually　考查副词。句意:渐渐地,更多来自德国、美国和加拿大的滑冰爱好者也纷纷效仿。用副词Gradually在句中作状语,修饰整个句子。 3.followed　考查时态。根据上文“Back in the 18th century in the UK”可知,此处说的是过去的事情,所以谓语动词要用一般过去时态。 4.a　考查不定冠词。句意:在19世纪60年代,Jackson Haines,一名美国芭蕾舞演员兼滑冰者,使用更多的艺术动作使这项运动不那么正式,这为他赢得了“现代花样滑冰之父”的称号。US ballet dancer和 skater是指同一个人,即Jackson Haines,此处要用不定冠词a表示“一名”。 5.various/varied　考查形容词。句意:滑冰者穿着引人注目的裤子、紧身衣或裙子,表演各种动作。用形容词various或varied作定语修饰名词movements。 6.as　考查介词。句意:滑冰运动员可以作为个人、双人或团体进行竞争。用介词as与后边的individuals, pairs or groups一起在句中作方式状语。 7.aspects　考查名词。句意:花样滑冰要求运动员同时关注滑冰的技术和表演两个方面。此处是指“技术和表演”两个方面,所以要用复数形式。 8.strength　考查名词。如果没有力量、勇气和多年的练习,就真的很难实现那个目标。介词without后要接不可数名词strength作宾语,strength与后边的courage 和 years of practice是并列的。 9.to achieve　考查不定式。此处为固定句式“it is+adj.+to do”,在这个句式中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式。 10.what　考查连接代词。这就是我喜欢它的地方。此处是一个表语从句,用连接代词what引导该从句,并且在从句中作动词like的宾语。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$