第07讲 阅读理解记叙文专题 -【暑假自学课】2024年暑假高二英语提升精品讲义（人教版2019）

第07讲 阅读理解记叙文专题 ( 学习目标 ) 内容 要求 记叙文阅读 1.记叙文文体特点 2.记叙文命题趋势 3.记叙文解题策略 ( 知识讲解 ) 记叙文类阅读： 一、文体特点 记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓＂一篇之妙，在于落句＂。 二、命题趋势 从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。 三、解题策略 要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。 No.1 顺藤摸瓜 记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。 No.2 左顾右盼 在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。 No.3 刨根问底 如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如＂What can be inferred from …?＂或是What does the author imply in…?＂之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。 No.4 拨云见日 每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。 这时，你不仅需要＂左顾右盼＂，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。 课堂典例 （23-24高二上·安徽马鞍山·开学考试） This is the last Christmas that Faye and Matthew have spent in their house, which has already been sold. Faye and Matthew Gooding and their five young sons appear to have perfect lives. For the couple themselves, however, this “materially perfect world” was lacking in something—so now they are giving up all their possessions to travel around the world with their children. Most of their belongings have been given to their neighbors. Faye said, “It is a relief to get rid of so many possessions. Thankfully, our parents understand and support us.” “I hesitated for a while because some friends think Faye and I are mad to give up so much. When we told the older boys, they were so excited that they were going to have so much time as a family. It made me realize the amount of toys or material possessions can’t replace time spent with our children. They’ve had to give away so many toys, bikes and books. My wife Faye was so determined to keep to our plan,” said Matthew. They will leave this month and plan to start their travels in Sweden where they have friends. Faye said, “My older boys plot where we go next but we hope to see Europe and over two years travel as far as Japan, America, Bali and Thailand. We don’t plan to hire any tour guides. We just depend on a compass and local people to move in the right direction.” Faye, who posts on Instagram as a mother of five boys, added, “It is a risk because we are giving up so much. I, however, even plan to quit my job after the travel. We can’t wait to spend more time with our sons without the stresses of everyday routines. We don’t know what will happen, but we do know if we didn’t do this we would always regret it.” 1. How will Faye and Matthew cover the travel costs? A．By selling their house. B．By doing part-time jobs. C．By asking parents for help. D．By borrowing from neighbors. 2．What is Faye’s attitude towards traveling around the world? A．Worried B．Excited C．Uncertain D．Firm 3．Who will decide where the family will travel? A．Faye B．Matthew C．The children D．The tour guide 4．From which is the text probably taken? A．A travel guidebook B．A life journal C．A paper D．A diary 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了Faye和Matthew Gooding夫妇生活富足美，但是她和丈夫发现这些只是物质上的完美。为了追求精神上的完美生活，他们决定卖掉家产带着孩子们环球旅行。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“This is the last Christmas that Faye and Matthew have spent in their house, which has already been sold.(这是Faye和Matthew在他们的房子里度过的最后一个圣诞节，房子已经被卖掉了。)”和“For the couple themselves, however, this “materially perfect world” was lacking in something—so now they are giving up all their possessions to travel around the world with their children.(然而，对于这对夫妇自己来说，这个“物质完美的世界”缺少了一些东西——所以现在他们放弃了所有的财产，带着孩子环游世界。他们的大部分财产都给了邻居。)”可知，他们通过卖房子来支付旅游费用。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“My wife Faye was so determined to keep to our plan(我的妻子Faye非常坚定地坚持我们的计划)”可知，Faye对环游世界的态度是坚定的。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“My older boys plot where we go next but we hope to see Europe and over two years travel as far as Japan, America, Bali and Thailand.(我的大儿子们正在计划我们接下来要去哪里，但我们希望能看到欧洲，并在未来两年里去日本、美国、巴厘岛和泰国旅行。)”可知，孩子们来决定全家去哪里旅游。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Faye, who posts on Instagram as a mother of five boys, added, “It is a risk because we are giving up so much. I, however, even plan to quit my job after the travel. We can’t wait to spend more time with our sons without the stresses of everyday routines. We don’t know what will happen, but we do know if we didn’t do this we would always regret it.”(作为五个男孩的母亲，菲在Instagram上发帖，她补充说:“这是一种风险，因为我们放弃了太多。然而，我甚至打算在旅行结束后辞职。我们迫不及待地想花更多的时间和儿子们在一起，摆脱日常生活的压力。我们不知道会发生什么，但我们知道，如果我们不这样做，我们将永远后悔。”)”可推知，文章可能出自生活日志。故选B。 ( 巩固练习 ) 一、（23-24高二上·陕西咸阳·期中） Everyone “talks” with their hands at least sometimes. Some people’s hand-talking, or gesturing (手势) matches their messages well. Other people like to make gestures that can be confusing. And still others don’t use their hands much at all. No matter which group you are in, it’s important to pay attention to your hand gestures while you are communicating. And also remember hand gestures can have cultural meanings. A few years ago, I was a speaker at a conference in Lisbon, Portugal. It was my first time in Portugal, and I became immediately fond of the special pastries (糕点) that Lisbon and Portugal are known for. One morning I went into a bakery and ordered two of the pastries. I did so by holding up two fingers, similar to the “victory” or “peace” gesture in the United States. The person behind the counter put three pastries in the box. I later learned that the gesture for two would raise thumb and index finger. Even though my thumb wasn’t showing, the person behind the counter thought I was signaling for three. I was lucky that I didn’t get into more trouble than an extra pastry. Many hand gestures are not universal. Before speaking in a country that you are not familiar with, do some research to find out which gestures might be misunderstood, not understood at all or rude. 1．Why did the author go to Lisbon, Portugal? A．To taste pastries. B．To take a holiday. C．To attend a meeting. D．To learn Portuguese culture. 2．What does the underlined word “universal” refer to in para.3? A．Normal. B．Independent. C．Common. D．Complex. 3．What can we learn from the author’s experience? A．One should be careful when ordering food in Portugal. B．Hand gestures may have different meanings in different cultures. C．The person behind the counter understood the author’s gesture. D．The person behind the counter cheated the author. 4．The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to______. A．tell us that hand gestures are not the same worldwide B．explain the general use of gestures C．ask us to use correct hand gestures in Portugal D．share a funny story in Portugal 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了手势在不同文化中的含义差异，并通过个人经历强调了了解并注意使用手势的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“A few years ago, I was a speaker at a conference in Lisbon, Portugal.(几年前，我是葡萄牙里斯本一个会议的演讲者)”可知，作者是为了开会才去葡萄牙的里斯本的。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Before speaking in a country that you are not familiar with, do some research to find out which gestures might be misunderstood, not understood at all or rude.(在一个你不熟悉的国家说话之前，做一些调查，看看哪些手势可能会被误解，根本不被理解或是粗鲁的)”可知，不同的国家里对手势的理解可能是不同的，许多手势并不是通用的。由此可知，划线词universal与common(通用的)意思接近。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“I later learned that the gesture for two would raise thumb and index finger. Even though my thumb wasn’t showing, the person behind the counter thought I was signaling for three.(后来我知道，两个的手势是竖起拇指和食指。尽管我的拇指没有显示出来，柜台后面的人认为我是在发出要三个的信号)”及第三段中“Before speaking in a country that you are not familiar with, do some research to find out which gestures might be misunderstood, not understood at all or rude.(在一个你不熟悉的国家说话之前，做一些调查，看看哪些手势可能会被误解，根本不被理解或是粗鲁的)”可知，葡萄牙的手势的意义和作者的是不同的，手势在不同的文化中可能有不同的含义。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Many hand gestures are not universal. Before speaking in a country that you are not familiar with, do some research to find out which gestures might be misunderstood, not understood at all or rude.(许多手势并不是全球通用的。在一个你不熟悉的国家说话之前，做一些调查，看看哪些手势可能会被误解，根本不被理解或是粗鲁的)”可知，不同的国家里对手势的理解可能是不同的，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是告诉我们，手势在世界各地并非都相同。故选A项。 二、（23-24高二上·黑龙江鸡西·阶段练习） I played on the high school basketball team. I played the ball before the game started, and then sat on the bench (长凳) cheering for guys who were actually going to play in the game. When we won, I hugged (拥抱) my teammates. I enjoyed that. But I didn’t know how my dad felt about my role. I imagined it was hard for him. Dad was a gifted athlete. And my older brothers were sports stars at college. I was not sure how he felt about going to games to watch his son SIT. Still, Dad was always there in his suit and tie. After the game, he’d come up to me, smile, shake my hand and say “Good game!”, even though I did nothing to make the game good. It changed until the last game of the season. It was a great day for our team — we were up by about 20 with two minutes left. The coach suddenly looked towards me and said, “Walker! You’re in!” The next two minutes seemed not real to me. I remember running up and down the field a few times. When someone started counting down the last seconds, my teammate passed the ball to me. I heard guys on the bench shouting “Shoot (投篮)!” as I faced the basket and shot. We won. But then I didn’t know what to do. I was unprepared for a time when I had hit a last second shot. Naturally, I looked for Dad. He was there, smiling at me as he always did. Whether good times or bad, Dad was always there to smile, to support and to love. Now I’m in my 50s with a teenage basketball player in my family. I keep trying to be there, no matter what, because I know what it can mean. 5．What was the author’s role? A．He was a green hand. B．He gave players suggestions. C．He was a fan of the basketball team. D．He replaced those who couldn’t play. 6．How did the author feel after he scored? A．Lost. B．Tired. C．Calm. D．Encouraged. 7．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Sports-Loving Family B．A Successful Basketball Match C．Dad Always Being There D．Dad Helping Me Succeed 【答案】5．D 6．A 7．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者高中时是篮球队的替补队员，父亲总是在场外陪伴着作者，永远支持着作者。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“I played the ball before the game started, and then sat on the bench (长凳) cheering for guys who were actually going to play in the game.(比赛开始前我先打球，然后坐在替补席上为那些真正要上场比赛的球员加油)”可知，作者的角色是替换了那些不能打球的人。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“I heard guys on the bench shouting “Shoot (投篮)!” as I faced the basket and shot. We won. But then I didn’t know what to do.(当我面对篮筐投篮时，我听到板凳上的人喊着“投篮！”。我们赢了。但我不知道该怎么做)”可知，作者进球后感到迷茫。故选A。 7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Whether good times or bad, Dad was always there to smile, to support and to love. Now I’m in my 50s with a teenage basketball player in my family. I keep trying to be there, no matter what, because I know what it can mean.(无论是顺境还是逆境，爸爸总是在那里微笑，支持和爱。现在我50多岁了，家里有个十几岁的篮球运动员。无论发生什么，我都会努力去那里，因为我知道那意味着什么)”可知，C选项“爸爸总是在那里”最符合文章标题。故选C。 三、（23-24高二上·福建厦门·阶段练习） When the people first came round, they were all sitting around drinking tea nervously and occasionally glancing at the cupboards. I didn’t like the atmosphere. I was beginning to wonder why I had asked these people round to go through my stuff and take what they wanted. This is what happens when you open your home to your family and friends, telling them they can help themselves to everything within it. Last month, I moved abroad to study for two years, taking just a single suitcase with me. I couldn’t afford to keep my flat, so when it came to my possessions, I decided to offer them up for a long-term loan. It’s not recycling, or even freecycling: I’m calling it “share cycling”. It was my beloved tent that formed the premise (前提) of it. I made the decision as I thought about the pointlessness of putting stuff into storage for two years. Instead, I imagined someone I loved putting my tent onto their back and setting off into the countryside in the summer sunshine. I was moving to the other side of the world, but this made it feel as though I would still be with my friends. To get rid of it all, I had an open house, inviting everyone I knew to take my property. Now I am sitting in a flat on the other side of the world as rain is pouring down outside, forcing the street sellers to shelter under doorways and umbrellas. I feel very far from my home and my stuff. That list made of the things I want back? I’m not sure how much I’ll need them. I don’t miss any of my belongings. Instead, my mind now is filled with thoughts of my family and friends. My “sharecycling” plan ties me to them. A friend took my tent to a music festival. And my favourite picture ended up on the wall of my best friend’s flat back home. It’s like I’ve pressed “pause” on my city life rather than “stop”, making the move easier. 8．What’s the author’s feeling in paragraph 1? A．Embarrassed. B．Uncomfortable. C．Passionate. D．Insecure. 9．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The idea of “sharecycling”. B．The experience of moving abroad. C．The idea of putting stuff into storage. D．The experience of living in the countryside. 10．What is the author doing now? A．Seeking a more affordable flat. B．Protecting street sellers from the rain. C．Making a list of things she wants back. D．Missing her family and friends far from home. 11．What’s the main idea of this text? A．Moving on isn’t always a good option. B．I got rid of nearly everything I owned. C．Don’t stuff your house with useless things. D．Giving away my belongings made my move easier. 【答案】8．B 9．A 10．D 11．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者的“共享循环”理念的产生以及作者从中获得的体验，让移居变得更容易。 8．细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“I didn’t like the atmosphere (我不喜欢这里的气氛)”可知，作者在第一段中感到不舒服。故选B。 9．词义猜测题。文章第二段讲到“It’s not recycling, or even freecycling: I’m calling it “share cycling”. It was my beloved tent that formed the premise (前提) of it. (这不是回收，甚至不是自由循环：我称之为“共享循环”。是我心爱的帐篷构成了它的前提)，以及“Instead, I imagined someone I loved putting my tent onto their back and setting off into the countryside in the summer sunshine. (相反，我想象着我爱的人背上我的帐篷，在夏日的阳光下出发去乡村。)”可知，作者的“共享循环”带来了积极的效果，即使深处异地，仍能感受到朋友和家人的陪伴。因此，第二段中带下划线的单词“this”指的是“共享循环”的理念。故选A。 10．细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“Instead, my mind now is filled with thoughts of my family and friends (相反，我现在满脑子都是对家人和朋友的思念)”可知，作者现在在想念远离家乡的家人和朋友。故选D。 11．主旨大意题。主要介绍了作者的“共享循环”理念的产生以及作者从中获得的体验，让搬家变得更容易。文章最后一段讲到“It’s like I’ve pressed “pause” on my city life rather than “stop”, making the move easier.(这就像我在城市生活中按下了“pause”键，而不是“stop”键，让搬家变得更容易。)”可知，这篇文章的主旨是“赠送我的物品让移居更容易”。故选D。 四、（2023高二上·江苏扬州·开学考试） Andy Kong has worked very hard to get to where he is today. He credits becoming a millionaire by 20 to his strict Asian parents who tutored him at a young age by working for the family. Kong, of Danville, Virginia, started working when he was only nine. English wasn’t a strong suit for Andy’s parents, and that’s where he was able to assist his family the most. After school and on weekends he would help out at their family-owned restaurant and nail salons. Not only did he do the labor work, but he was also involved in creating online ads. This was his introduction to the world of online business. Andy started his Amazon business in the eighth grade. When he learned about Amazon Dropshipping (代发货模式) from a kid he saw on Instagram, he got inspired and decided to give it a try. Unfortunately, the store eventually got shut down because he was impatient with the growth. Instead of considering it a failure, he viewed this experience as a life lesson and learned from his mistakes. Meanwhile, his parents never stopped trying to talk him into focusing on school and their retail business. “The biggest challenge when starting a business is getting someone to believe in you,” Andy says. He pushed through and did things for himself even when his loved ones discouraged it. In 2019, Andy met his now business partners, and together, they created an Amazon management company called Project WiFi. This Project has proven to be extremely successful. They currently help over 55 clients run their online businesses, and plan to help many more in the future. When asked about the secret to his success, Andy says, “Learning to sacrifice whether that’s family, friends, or soccer game for a single goal is the only way to succeed, rather than attempting multiple things. If it’s worth doing then it’s worth doing well with no shortcuts.” 12．Why did Andy work in his parents’ shops at a young age? A．Because he could earn some pocket money. B．Because his parents weren’t fluent in English. C．Because his parents could help with his study. D．Because he could get access to the Internet. 13．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．A new online business model. B．Results of working impatiently. C．Difficulties in Andy’s career. D．Andy’s tense family relationship. 14．What does Andy think contributes to his success? A．His early working experiences. B．Lessons learned from his failures. C．Gaining other people’s trust. D．Focusing on the thing you choose. 15．Which of the following can best describe Andy Kong’s personality? A．Committed and generous. B．Open-minded and motivated. C．Creative and faithful. D．Hard-working and sociable. 【答案】12．B 13．C 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Andy Kong创业的过程。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段的“English wasn’t a strong suit for Andy’s parents, and that’s where he was able to assist his family the most.(安迪的父母并不擅长英语，而这正是他能够最大限度地帮助家人的地方)”可知，安迪很小的时候就在父母的店里工作是因为他的父母英语不流利。故选B。 13．主旨大意题。通读全段，并根据三段的“Unfortunately, the store eventually got shut down because he was impatient with the growth.(不幸的是，由于他对增长缺乏耐心，这家店最终倒闭了)”可知，第三段主要讲的是安迪事业上的困难。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Learning to sacrifice whether that’s family, friends, or soccer game for a single goal is the only way to succeed, rather than attempting multiple things.(学会为一个目标牺牲，无论是家庭、朋友或足球比赛，才是成功的唯一途径，而不是尝试多件事)”可知，安迪认为一次只专注于一件事促成了他的成功。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Instead of considering it a failure, he viewed this experience as a life lesson and learned from his mistakes.(他没有认为这是一次失败，而是把这段经历视为人生的教训，并从错误中吸取教训)”可知，他是思想开明的，即open-minded；再根据倒数第三段的“He pushed through and did things for himself even when his loved ones discouraged it.(他坚持了下来，为自己做了一些事情，即使他爱的人劝阻他别这么做)”可知，他是目的明确的，即motivated。故选B。 五、（23-24高二上·福建龙岩·期末） I’m 62 now and always planned to volunteer with older people when I retired. There was such a big gap in the care and support this generation receives and I found the thought heartbreaking — no one should have to feel lonely and stuck at home. I started volunteering three years ago. My team of volunteers have set up seven groups in our town. We host tea parties for those aged 75 and older who live on their own and regularly provide support, friendship and companionship for the most isolated (孤独的) older people in the community. Working with my older neighbors is rewarding. To hear their stories and the hardships they have overcome is inspiring. I feel like I’m making a positive difference to the lives of older people by sharing my time with them, helping them stay active and social and making clear to them that they are valued by our community. As an area coordinator (协调人), I also help recruit (招募) and manage volunteers, without whom the work would be impossible. So many go above and beyond what’s asked, offering time, energy and kindness, just because they care. I’ve found enthusiasm from people making the lives of our older neighbors better, and they are a constant source of inspiration for me. I’ve met amazing people from all walks of life. It’s the best thing I’ve ever done that enriched my life. I will keep focusing on reducing loneliness and isolation among the elderly and helping them enjoy the old age they deserve. 16．What inspired the author to begin volunteering? A．Loneliness and isolation. B．Love for volunteering work. C．Lack of social support for the old. D．Older neighbors’ companionship. 17．What does the author think of her volunteering work? A．It is meaningful. B．It gives her confidence. C．It is challenging. D．It reduces her loneliness. 18．How can we describe the author? A．Considerate and specialized. B．Inspiring and thoughtful. C．Supportive and innovative. D．Caring and accommodating. 19．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Managers. B．Volunteers. C．Coordinators. D．Senior neighbors. 【答案】16．C 17．A 18．D 19．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要介绍了自己三年前开始从事志愿者工作，帮助孤独老人，帮助他们保持活跃和社交，作者还招募和管理志愿者，认为志愿者工作很有意义。 16．细节理解题。根据第一段“I’m 62 now and always planned to volunteer with older people when I retired. There was such a big gap in the care and support this generation receives and I found the thought heartbreaking — no one should have to feel lonely and stuck at home. (我现在62岁了，一直计划退休后为老年人做志愿者。这一代人得到的关怀和支持有如此大的差距，我觉得这种想法令人心碎——没有人应该感到孤独，被困在家里)”可知，老年人缺乏社会支持促使作者退休后开始为老年人做志愿者。故选C。 17．推理判断题。根据第三段中“I feel like I’m making a positive difference to the lives of older people by sharing my time with them, helping them stay active and social and making clear to them that they are valued by our community. (我觉得我与老年人分享我的时间，帮助他们保持活跃和社交，并向他们表明他们被我们的社区所重视，这对他们的生活产生了积极的影响)”以及最后一段中“I’ve met amazing people from all walks of life. It’s the best thing I’ve ever done that enriched my life. (我遇到了各行各业的了不起的人。这是我做过的最好的事情，丰富了我的生活)”可推知，作者认为自己的志愿者工作是有意义的，不仅丰富了作者自己的生活，而且帮助减少老年人的孤独和孤立，对他们的生活产生了积极的影响。故选A。 18．推理判断题。根据第一段“I’m 62 now and always planned to volunteer with older people when I retired. There was such a big gap in the care and support this generation receives and I found the thought heartbreaking — no one should have to feel lonely and stuck at home. (我现在62岁了，一直计划退休后为老年人做志愿者。这一代人得到的关怀和支持有如此大的差距，我觉得这种想法令人心碎——没有人应该感到孤独，被困在家里)”、第二段“I started volunteering three years ago. My team of volunteers have set up seven groups in our town. We host tea parties for those aged 75 and older who live on their own and regularly provide support, friendship and companionship for the most isolated (孤独的) older people in the community. (我三年前开始做志愿者。我的志愿者团队在我们镇上成立了七个小组。我们为75岁及以上的独居老人举办茶会，并定期为社区中最孤独的老年人提供支持、友谊和陪伴)”以及最后一段中的“I will keep focusing on reducing loneliness and isolation among the elderly and helping them enjoy the old age they deserve.(我将继续致力于减少老年人的孤独和孤立，帮助他们享受他们应得的老年生活)”可知，作者关心老年人，参加志愿者团队，为孤独的老年人提供支持、友谊和陪伴，减少老年人的孤独和孤立，帮助他们享受他们应得的老年生活。由此可知，作者是一个关心他人，且乐于助人的人。故选D。 19．词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词所在句“I’ve found enthusiasm from people making the lives of our older neighbors better, and they are a constant source of inspiration for me. (我从那些让老邻居的生活变得更好的人身上发现了热情，他们是我不断的灵感来源)”可知，代词they指代句中的“people making the lives of our older neighbors better (让老邻居的生活变得更好的人)”，即上文“I also help recruit (招募) and manage volunteers, without whom the work would be impossible. So many go above and beyond what’s asked, offering time, energy and kindness, just because they care. (我还帮助招募和管理志愿者，没有他们，这项工作是不可能的。很多人会超越要求，提供时间、精力和善意，只是因为他们关心)”中所提到的volunteers“志愿者”。故选B。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第07讲 阅读理解记叙文专题 ( 学习目标 ) 内容 要求 记叙文阅读 1.记叙文文体特点 2.记叙文命题趋势 3.记叙文解题策略 ( 知识讲解 ) 记叙文类阅读： 一、文体特点 记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓＂一篇之妙，在于落句＂。 二、命题趋势 从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。 三、解题策略 要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。 No.1 顺藤摸瓜 记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。 No.2 左顾右盼 在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。 No.3 刨根问底 如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如＂What can be inferred from …?＂或是What does the author imply in…?＂之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。 No.4 拨云见日 每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。 这时，你不仅需要＂左顾右盼＂，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。 课堂典例 （23-24高二上·安徽马鞍山·开学考试） This is the last Christmas that Faye and Matthew have spent in their house, which has already been sold. Faye and Matthew Gooding and their five young sons appear to have perfect lives. For the couple themselves, however, this “materially perfect world” was lacking in something—so now they are giving up all their possessions to travel around the world with their children. Most of their belongings have been given to their neighbors. Faye said, “It is a relief to get rid of so many possessions. Thankfully, our parents understand and support us.” “I hesitated for a while because some friends think Faye and I are mad to give up so much. When we told the older boys, they were so excited that they were going to have so much time as a family. It made me realize the amount of toys or material possessions can’t replace time spent with our children. They’ve had to give away so many toys, bikes and books. My wife Faye was so determined to keep to our plan,” said Matthew. They will leave this month and plan to start their travels in Sweden where they have friends. Faye said, “My older boys plot where we go next but we hope to see Europe and over two years travel as far as Japan, America, Bali and Thailand. We don’t plan to hire any tour guides. We just depend on a compass and local people to move in the right direction.” Faye, who posts on Instagram as a mother of five boys, added, “It is a risk because we are giving up so much. I, however, even plan to quit my job after the travel. We can’t wait to spend more time with our sons without the stresses of everyday routines. We don’t know what will happen, but we do know if we didn’t do this we would always regret it.” 1. How will Faye and Matthew cover the travel costs? A．By selling their house. B．By doing part-time jobs. C．By asking parents for help. D．By borrowing from neighbors. 2．What is Faye’s attitude towards traveling around the world? A．Worried B．Excited C．Uncertain D．Firm 3．Who will decide where the family will travel? A．Faye B．Matthew C．The children D．The tour guide 4．From which is the text probably taken? A．A travel guidebook B．A life journal C．A paper D．A diary ( 巩固练习 ) 一、（23-24高二上·陕西咸阳·期中） Everyone “talks” with their hands at least sometimes. Some people’s hand-talking, or gesturing (手势) matches their messages well. Other people like to make gestures that can be confusing. And still others don’t use their hands much at all. No matter which group you are in, it’s important to pay attention to your hand gestures while you are communicating. And also remember hand gestures can have cultural meanings. A few years ago, I was a speaker at a conference in Lisbon, Portugal. It was my first time in Portugal, and I became immediately fond of the special pastries (糕点) that Lisbon and Portugal are known for. One morning I went into a bakery and ordered two of the pastries. I did so by holding up two fingers, similar to the “victory” or “peace” gesture in the United States. The person behind the counter put three pastries in the box. I later learned that the gesture for two would raise thumb and index finger. Even though my thumb wasn’t showing, the person behind the counter thought I was signaling for three. I was lucky that I didn’t get into more trouble than an extra pastry. Many hand gestures are not universal. Before speaking in a country that you are not familiar with, do some research to find out which gestures might be misunderstood, not understood at all or rude. 1．Why did the author go to Lisbon, Portugal? A．To taste pastries. B．To take a holiday. C．To attend a meeting. D．To learn Portuguese culture. 2．What does the underlined word “universal” refer to in para.3? A．Normal. B．Independent. C．Common. D．Complex. 3．What can we learn from the author’s experience? A．One should be careful when ordering food in Portugal. B．Hand gestures may have different meanings in different cultures. C．The person behind the counter understood the author’s gesture. D．The person behind the counter cheated the author. 4．The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to______. A．tell us that hand gestures are not the same worldwide B．explain the general use of gestures C．ask us to use correct hand gestures in Portugal D．share a funny story in Portugal 二、（23-24高二上·黑龙江鸡西·阶段练习） I played on the high school basketball team. I played the ball before the game started, and then sat on the bench (长凳) cheering for guys who were actually going to play in the game. When we won, I hugged (拥抱) my teammates. I enjoyed that. But I didn’t know how my dad felt about my role. I imagined it was hard for him. Dad was a gifted athlete. And my older brothers were sports stars at college. I was not sure how he felt about going to games to watch his son SIT. Still, Dad was always there in his suit and tie. After the game, he’d come up to me, smile, shake my hand and say “Good game!”, even though I did nothing to make the game good. It changed until the last game of the season. It was a great day for our team — we were up by about 20 with two minutes left. The coach suddenly looked towards me and said, “Walker! You’re in!” The next two minutes seemed not real to me. I remember running up and down the field a few times. When someone started counting down the last seconds, my teammate passed the ball to me. I heard guys on the bench shouting “Shoot (投篮)!” as I faced the basket and shot. We won. But then I didn’t know what to do. I was unprepared for a time when I had hit a last second shot. Naturally, I looked for Dad. He was there, smiling at me as he always did. Whether good times or bad, Dad was always there to smile, to support and to love. Now I’m in my 50s with a teenage basketball player in my family. I keep trying to be there, no matter what, because I know what it can mean. 5．What was the author’s role? A．He was a green hand. B．He gave players suggestions. C．He was a fan of the basketball team. D．He replaced those who couldn’t play. 6．How did the author feel after he scored? A．Lost. B．Tired. C．Calm. D．Encouraged. 7．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Sports-Loving Family B．A Successful Basketball Match C．Dad Always Being There D．Dad Helping Me Succeed 三、（23-24高二上·福建厦门·阶段练习） When the people first came round, they were all sitting around drinking tea nervously and occasionally glancing at the cupboards. I didn’t like the atmosphere. I was beginning to wonder why I had asked these people round to go through my stuff and take what they wanted. This is what happens when you open your home to your family and friends, telling them they can help themselves to everything within it. Last month, I moved abroad to study for two years, taking just a single suitcase with me. I couldn’t afford to keep my flat, so when it came to my possessions, I decided to offer them up for a long-term loan. It’s not recycling, or even freecycling: I’m calling it “share cycling”. It was my beloved tent that formed the premise (前提) of it. I made the decision as I thought about the pointlessness of putting stuff into storage for two years. Instead, I imagined someone I loved putting my tent onto their back and setting off into the countryside in the summer sunshine. I was moving to the other side of the world, but this made it feel as though I would still be with my friends. To get rid of it all, I had an open house, inviting everyone I knew to take my property. Now I am sitting in a flat on the other side of the world as rain is pouring down outside, forcing the street sellers to shelter under doorways and umbrellas. I feel very far from my home and my stuff. That list made of the things I want back? I’m not sure how much I’ll need them. I don’t miss any of my belongings. Instead, my mind now is filled with thoughts of my family and friends. My “sharecycling” plan ties me to them. A friend took my tent to a music festival. And my favourite picture ended up on the wall of my best friend’s flat back home. It’s like I’ve pressed “pause” on my city life rather than “stop”, making the move easier. 8．What’s the author’s feeling in paragraph 1? A．Embarrassed. B．Uncomfortable. C．Passionate. D．Insecure. 9．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The idea of “sharecycling”. B．The experience of moving abroad. C．The idea of putting stuff into storage. D．The experience of living in the countryside. 10．What is the author doing now? A．Seeking a more affordable flat. B．Protecting street sellers from the rain. C．Making a list of things she wants back. D．Missing her family and friends far from home. 11．What’s the main idea of this text? A．Moving on isn’t always a good option. B．I got rid of nearly everything I owned. C．Don’t stuff your house with useless things. D．Giving away my belongings made my move easier. 四、（2023高二上·江苏扬州·开学考试） Andy Kong has worked very hard to get to where he is today. He credits becoming a millionaire by 20 to his strict Asian parents who tutored him at a young age by working for the family. Kong, of Danville, Virginia, started working when he was only nine. English wasn’t a strong suit for Andy’s parents, and that’s where he was able to assist his family the most. After school and on weekends he would help out at their family-owned restaurant and nail salons. Not only did he do the labor work, but he was also involved in creating online ads. This was his introduction to the world of online business. Andy started his Amazon business in the eighth grade. When he learned about Amazon Dropshipping (代发货模式) from a kid he saw on Instagram, he got inspired and decided to give it a try. Unfortunately, the store eventually got shut down because he was impatient with the growth. Instead of considering it a failure, he viewed this experience as a life lesson and learned from his mistakes. Meanwhile, his parents never stopped trying to talk him into focusing on school and their retail business. “The biggest challenge when starting a business is getting someone to believe in you,” Andy says. He pushed through and did things for himself even when his loved ones discouraged it. In 2019, Andy met his now business partners, and together, they created an Amazon management company called Project WiFi. This Project has proven to be extremely successful. They currently help over 55 clients run their online businesses, and plan to help many more in the future. When asked about the secret to his success, Andy says, “Learning to sacrifice whether that’s family, friends, or soccer game for a single goal is the only way to succeed, rather than attempting multiple things. If it’s worth doing then it’s worth doing well with no shortcuts.” 12．Why did Andy work in his parents’ shops at a young age? A．Because he could earn some pocket money. B．Because his parents weren’t fluent in English. C．Because his parents could help with his study. D．Because he could get access to the Internet. 13．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．A new online business model. B．Results of working impatiently. C．Difficulties in Andy’s career. D．Andy’s tense family relationship. 14．What does Andy think contributes to his success? A．His early working experiences. B．Lessons learned from his failures. C．Gaining other people’s trust. D．Focusing on the thing you choose. 15．Which of the following can best describe Andy Kong’s personality? A．Committed and generous. B．Open-minded and motivated. C．Creative and faithful. D．Hard-working and sociable. 五、（23-24高二上·福建龙岩·期末） I’m 62 now and always planned to volunteer with older people when I retired. There was such a big gap in the care and support this generation receives and I found the thought heartbreaking — no one should have to feel lonely and stuck at home. I started volunteering three years ago. My team of volunteers have set up seven groups in our town. We host tea parties for those aged 75 and older who live on their own and regularly provide support, friendship and companionship for the most isolated (孤独的) older people in the community. Working with my older neighbors is rewarding. To hear their stories and the hardships they have overcome is inspiring. I feel like I’m making a positive difference to the lives of older people by sharing my time with them, helping them stay active and social and making clear to them that they are valued by our community. As an area coordinator (协调人), I also help recruit (招募) and manage volunteers, without whom the work would be impossible. So many go above and beyond what’s asked, offering time, energy and kindness, just because they care. I’ve found enthusiasm from people making the lives of our older neighbors better, and they are a constant source of inspiration for me. I’ve met amazing people from all walks of life. It’s the best thing I’ve ever done that enriched my life. I will keep focusing on reducing loneliness and isolation among the elderly and helping them enjoy the old age they deserve. 16．What inspired the author to begin volunteering? A．Loneliness and isolation. B．Love for volunteering work. C．Lack of social support for the old. D．Older neighbors’ companionship. 17．What does the author think of her volunteering work? A．It is meaningful. B．It gives her confidence. C．It is challenging. D．It reduces her loneliness. 18．How can we describe the author? A．Considerate and specialized. B．Inspiring and thoughtful. C．Supportive and innovative. D．Caring and accommodating. 19．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Managers. B．Volunteers. C．Coordinators. D．Senior neighbors. ( 8 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$