精品解析：山西省大同市2023-2024学年高二下学期4月期中英语试题

2023-2024学年度第二学期期中高二年级教学质量监测 英语 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上相应的位置。 2. 全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。 3. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案用0.5 mm黑色笔迹签字笔写在答题卡上。 4. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 5. 本试题共12页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 第一部分 听力 （共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍， 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15. 答案是C 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. An exhibition. B. A computer. C. A game. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: Oh, John, this exhibition is amazing. Look at all these toys from the eighties. I remember all of these things. Look, there is a PacMan computer game. M: Yeah, it’s a great exhibition. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How did the man keep fit? A. He learned to swim. B. He took exercise. C. He stopped drinking. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Hi, Steve. You’ve lost a lot of weight. You look very fit now. How did you do that? M: I stopped smoking and went to the gym to get a lot of exercise. W: That’s why you won the second place in the swimming race. M: Yeah. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 When does the store open on Sundays? A. At 8: 30 a. m B. At 9: 00 a. m C. At 9: 30 a. m 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: It’s 8:30 am now I have been waiting here for half an hour. W: You will have to wait another 30 minutes. This store opens later than usual on Sundays. M: I can’t wait anymore. It’s so cold. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the weather like now? A. Cold. B. Warm C. Hot. 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】M: I think I’m getting a cold. W: You have stayed in this air conditioned room for too long. Just go out and catch some fresh air. M: Are you kidding? The sun is burning everything out there. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Why does the man want to have black tea? A. To be healthy B. To become energetic. C. To calm down 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: I’d like to have a cup of tea. What do you recommend? W: Well, that depends on what you need. Green tea is the best for your health. Tea made from flowers is good. If you need to calm down and black tea is the best choice if you need to be refreshed. M: I’ll take some black tea. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. What does the woman think of the boy’s problem? A. It’s strange B. It’s embarrassing. C. It’s common 7. What does the woman advise the boy to do? A. Study with a fixed partner. B. Study alone in the library. C. Study with Agony Aunt Hotline. 【答案】6 C 7. A 【解析】 【详解】W: Agony, aunt hotline. Who’s that? And what’s your problem? M: This is Brett speaking. My problem is silly and a bit embarrassing. I just find it hard to concentrate when I study alone. W: Brett, your problem isn’t silly at all. In fact, lots of people experience the same thing as you. M: Really. So what should I do? W: Find a regular study partner to study together after school, in a library or at each other’s home. M: I’ll give it a shot. Thanks. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. Whose party did the man go to last week? A. Maria’s. B. Amanda’s. C. The woman’s. 9. What does it mean when the Chinese ask “Have you eaten?” ? A. An informal invitation. B. A common question. C. A friendly greeting 【答案】8. B 9. C 【解析】 【原文】M: Oh, I can’t contact Maria. I met her last week at Amanda’s party. When she left, she said we should get together again sometime. But now I realize I don’t have her phone number. W: Well, actually, in Chinese culture, that’s a common way to say goodbye. M: What do you mean? W: Well, the Chinese usually say, let’s get together again some time, but they seldom get together. And when the Chinese ask you, “have you eaten?” , it doesn’t mean they want to treat you to a meal. It’s just a friendly greeting. M: Really? That’s quite interesting. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 10. How long has the man worked in the new company? A. For three months. B. For two months. C. For a month 11. What department does the man work in? A. In the production department. B. In the marketing department. C. In the human resources department. 12. How is the work done in the new company? A. By oneself B. In teams C. By machines. 13. What does the man think of his new boss? A. Respectable. B. Active C. Bad-tempered. 【答案】10. A 11. B 12. B 13. A 【解析】 【原文】M: Hi, Betty. W: Hi, Andy. how are you finding your new job? M: Pretty good. My work mates seem all right. In the past 3 months everything has been great. W: That’s nice. What do they have you doing over there? M: Well, I work in the marketing department. The company culture is totally different. Before when I was assigned a task, I was totally on my own, but here the work is done in teams. W: That’s really good. M: Indeed. I like our boss, too. He is easy to get along with and he treats everybody here with respect and care. He’s also highly respected by all his employees. W: That’s good for a positive work environment and helps improve and encourage employees. I wish my boss was like that. M: True. Take my former manager as an example. He was extremely bad tempered and always found fault with others. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. Who are probably the speakers? A. Teachers. B. Writers C. Students 15. Which of the following is Mera's favorite? A. Nature. B. Science C. Newsweek. 16. How often does Mera go to the reading club? A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Twice a month. 17. Where are the speakers likely to go next? A. To the new bookstore. B. To the reading club. C. To the dessert shop 【答案】14. C 15. C 16. B 17. C 【解析】 【原文】M: Mira, your compositions are always highly praised by MR. Thomas. What’s your secret? W: First, I read a lot, especially foreign journals. They can help me broaden my horizons. M: Well, which foreign journals do you usually read? W: I like Newsweek best and I also read the Boston Globe and nature. M: Okay, I’ll go to the bookstore to buy some journals on my way home. W: Actually, you can also borrow them from the library. M: Good idea. Then what else should I do to improve my writing? W: The second step is to express your inner thoughts. For me the best way is to join a reading club. I often talk to other members of the club about how I feel about the books I've read. M: That sounds practical. We may learn a lot from others ideas. W: You said it. I go to the reading club every Monday and Friday. You can go with me if you like that. M: That couldn’t be better Thanks for inviting me. Would you like some ice cream? My treat? W: Sure. Who can say no to ice cream? 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 18. Which can be exchanged for a free bus ride? A. Two large bottles. B. Five small bottles. C. Ten plastic cups. 19. What is the aim of the program? A. To cut waste. B. To collect bottles. C. To reduce the cost. 20. Who collect the bottles in the recycling bins? A. Ticket officers. B. Bus drivers. C. Bus riders. 【答案】18. C 19. A 20. A 【解析】 【原文】W: Lots of people carrying bags, full of plastic bottles and cups, queue at a busy bus station in the Indonesian city of Surabaya. The program has been a hit. A bus ride with unlimited stops costs three large bottles, five medium bottles, or ten plastic cups, but they must be cleaned and kept in shape. There has been a good response from the public. Pain with plastic is one of the things that have made people enthusiastic because up until now, plastic waste was just seen as useless. The program aims not only to cut waste, but also to reduce the heavy traffic by encouraging people to take buses. At present, there are 20 near-new buses, each with an experienced driver, recycling bins and ticket officers who collect any leftover bottles. It’s reported that about 6 tons of plastic rubbish are collected from passengers each month before being sold to recycling companies. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出最佳选项。 A Sending your rugs (小地毯) to the cleaners can get expensive. A growing number of brands are making rugs designed to be thrown directly into your own washing machine. Revival Washable Rug Price: $109 and up Size: 2 ft. × 3 ft. Care: Machine-washable, hang-dry for 36 hours. Consumer Reports' take: This small rug feels soft under your feet and hides stains (污渍) well. After having coffee dropped on it, a 30-minute gentle cycle in a washer got rid of the resulting stains. Lorena Canals Rug Price: $629 Size: 5 ft. 7 in. × 7 ft. 11 in. Care: Machine-wash in cold water. Dry on low heat. Consumer Reports' take: A single machine washing got rid of the big coffee stain made on this wool and cotton rug. It can go in the dryer, too, and may require 2 hours to get completely dry. Ruggable Moroccan Rug Price: $309 and up Size: 5 ft. × 7 ft. Care: Machine-washable. Dry on low heat or hang-dry for 36 hours. Consumer Reports' take: This super-soft rug is easy to clean. A damp towel alone removed a juice stain. The other stains on the rug disappeared after machine-washing it on a gentle cycle. Ruggable Jonathan Rug Price: $119 and up Size: 2 ft. × 3 ft. Care: Machine-wash in cold water. Dry on low heat or hang-dry for about an hour. Consumer Reports' take: This rug stayed in good shape even though it was used in a high-traffic kitchen. All stains were gone after washing it using a gentle cycle. 21. How long does a washer take to remove coffee stains on Revival Washable Rug? A. 36 hours. B. 30 minutes. C. 2 hours. D. 23 minutes. 22. Which rug is suitable for kitchen use according to Consumer Reports' view? A. Revival Washable Rug B. Lorena Canals Rug C. Ruggable Moroccan Rug D. Ruggable Jonathan Rug 23. What do these rugs have in common? A. They all cost $119 and up. B. They are very similar in size. C. They dry only on low heat. D. They are machine-washable. 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四款可机洗地毯的特点、价格和用户评价。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Revival Washable Rug段落中“After having coffee dropped on it, a 30-minute gentle cycle in a washer got rid of the resulting stains.”（咖啡掉在上面后，在洗衣机中轻轻运转30分钟就能去除污渍。）可知，洗衣机需要30分钟的时间才能去除 Revival可洗地毯上的咖啡渍。故选B项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Ruggable Jonathan Rug段落中“This rug stayed in good shape even though it was used in a high-traffic kitchen.”（即使是在人流量很大的厨房里使用，这块地毯也保持得很好。）可知，根据消费者报告，Ruggable Jonathan Rug这种地毯适合厨房使用。故选D项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A growing number of brands are making rugs designed to be thrown directly into your own washing machine.”（越来越多的品牌开始生产可以直接扔进洗衣机的地毯。）和下文对每款地毯的描述可知，这四款地毯的共同点是可机洗。故选D项。 B Everything went wrong for American climber Beck Weathers on his trip to Mount Qomolangma in May of 1996. His eyes response to the extremely thin oxygen levels near the highest summit on Earth was “snow blindness”. Weathers could not see more than 3 feet in front of him. His guide, Rob Hall, made him agree not to climb to the summit and he would wait for Hall till he got back. Another group of climbers returning down from a powerful snow storm came upon Weathers. They decided to help him down, but a storm with 70 mph winds forced them to merely gather together for warmth. During a quiet period of the storm, one man went back to the camp for assistance. Hours later help returned, but they decided Weathers was too unresponsive and appeared to be beyond saving. He was left waiting for death. “I woke up in the snow, opened my eyes, and directly in front of me was my ungloved righthand, which was clearly dead,” Weathers remembered. "It looked like a marble sculpture of a hand. I hit it on the ice and realized that so much of my tissue was dead, so I wasn't feeling any pain. That had the wonderful effect of focusing my attention. If I didn't stand up, I realized I was going to die on that spot. I figured I had three or four hours left to live, so I started walking. All I knew was, as long as my legs would run, and I could stand up, I was going to move toward that. camp. If I fell down, I was going to get up and keep moving until I hit that camp.” As everybody thought Weathers could not survive, he struggled to stand up and move forward for survival in the face of adversity. Finally, he made it. It's believed that his success relied on his strong belief and courage. 24. Why did Beck Weathers give up climbing the Mount Qomolangma? A. Because the tough environment took his breath away. B. Because the cold weather froze his hands and feet. C. Because the thin oxygen level narrowed his eyesight. D. Because the terrible storm damaged his equipment. 25. What does the underlined word “unresponsive” mean in the second paragraph? A. Reactionless. B. Emotionless. C. Faithless. D. Fearless. 26. How did Beck Weathers manage to return to the camp? A. By focusing attention. B. By awaiting rescue. C. By remaining standing. D. By keeping walking 27. Which of the following best describes Beck Weathers? A. Ambitious. B. Courageous. C. Dynamic. D. Responsible. 【答案】24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了美国登山者贝克·威瑟斯(Beck Weathers)在1996年5月攀登珠穆朗玛峰(Mount Qomolangma)时的不幸遭遇以及他如何凭借坚强的意志和勇气生存下来的故事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“His eyes response to the extremely thin oxygen levels near the highest summit on Earth was “snow blindness”. Weathers could not see more than 3 feet in front of him. (他的眼睛对地球上最高山峰附近极度稀薄的氧气水平的反应是“雪盲”。威瑟斯无法看到前方超过3英尺的地方)”可知，贝克·威瑟斯因为氧气稀薄导致雪盲，视线范围不超过3英尺，因此放弃了攀登珠穆朗玛峰。故选C项。 【25题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“He was left waiting for death. (他被留下等待死亡)”其他登山者把他留在这里等死，说明他们认为他活下来的可能性不大，也就是说unresponsive的意思是没有反应了。故选A项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If I didn't stand up, I realized I was going to die on that spot. I figured I had three or four hours left to live, so I started walking. (如果我不站起来，我意识到我会在那个地方死去。我估计自己还有三四个小时的生命，所以我开始走路)”可知，威瑟斯意识到如果不站起来，他将死在那个地方。于是他站起来继续前进，直到到达营地。这表明他是通过不断行走回到营地的。故选D项。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It's believed that his success relied on his strong belief and courage. (人们相信他的成功依赖于他坚强的信念和勇气)”威瑟斯的成功依赖于他坚强的信念和勇气。这表明他是一个勇敢的人。故选B项。 C For many young students, the school break is not a time for play, but rather a period of intense working out at weight loss camps. The extreme popularity of these camps is a sign of the alarming trend in China — childhood obesity (过度肥胖). According to a report published by the National Health Commission in 2020, one in five Chinese youth aged 6 — 17 years is overweight or obese, up from just one in 20 in 1995. This increase is driven by multiple social factors. For instance, heavy coursework at school and a ready availability of digital devices are fixing the country’s younger generations in a more inactive lifestyle. Also, an age-old belief that more food consumption equals better growth has led many parents to spoil their children with an unlimited supply of junk food and late night snacks. Besides, weight gain during their mother’s pregnancy, regularly skipping breakfast, high intake of sweet foods and drinks, and insufficient sleep can all add to the risk of becoming overweight. Extra weight gained in childhood may likely be carried into adulthood and increase the risks of high blood pressure, heart disease, sleep disorders and cancers. What’s more, the strong feeling of social disapproval related to obesity can also have a dangerous effect on a child’s emotional well-being and self-esteem (自尊). Some of overweight teenagers can’t even finish their primary education. Therefore, parents should closely monitor their children’s weight from an early age so that they can intervene without delay when signs of obesity show. That does not mean that parents should rely on dietary restriction or slimming pills for dramatic transformations. A balanced diet, regular physical activity, limited screen time and sufficient sleep are enough to help children maintain a healthy weight. 28. How did the obesity rate for Chinese youth change from 1995 to 2020? A. It more than doubled. B. It became four times. C. It stayed the same. D. It dropped by half. 29. What contributes to the increase in childhood obesity? A. A drop in physical activities. B. An limited supply of snacks. C. Reduced intake of sugary drinks. D. Right amounts of restful sleep. 30. What should parents do to help their children avoid obesity? A. They should stop their children having sweet foods. B. They should limit their children's time spent indoors. C. They should keep close track of their children’s weight. D. They should ask their children to take slimming pills. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Childhood Obesity in China B. Concerns about Public Health C. Increase in Children’s Height D. Healthy Lifestyle Recommended 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要描述了我国青少年肥胖率日益增长的现象，分析了这一现象产生的原因和危害性，提出了相应的解决办法。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“According to a report published by the National Health Commission in 2020, one in five Chinese youth aged 6-17 years is overweight or obese, up from just one in 20 in 1995.”（根据国家卫生健康委员会2020年发布的一份报告，中国6-17岁的青少年中有五分之一超重或肥胖，而1995年这一比例仅为二十分之一。）可知，从1995年到2020年，我国青少年肥胖率由1/20增长到了1/5，增长了四倍。故选B。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“This increase is driven by multiple social factors. For instance, heavy coursework at school and a ready availability of digital devices are fixing the country’s younger generations in a more inactive lifestyle.”（这种增长是由多种社会因素推动的。例如，学校繁重的课业和现成的数字设备使该国的年轻一代陷入了一种更不活跃的生活方式。）可知，繁重的课业和数字设备使青少年陷入了一种不活跃的生活方式，体力活动减少了，这也是造成肥胖率增长的一个因素。故选A。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Therefore, parents should closely monitor their children’s weight from an early age so that they can intervene without delay when signs of obesity show.”（因此，父母应从小密切监测孩子的体重，以便在出现肥胖迹象时及时干预。）可知，父母应该密切关注孩子的体重，以帮助他们避免肥胖的出现。故选C。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The extreme popularity of these camps is a sign of the alarming trend in China—childhood obesity (过度肥胖). ”（这些营地的极端流行是在中国令人担忧的趋势的一个迹象——儿童肥胖症。）和文章内容可知，本文主要描述了中国儿童肥胖症日益增多的现象，以及产生的原因和危害。故选A。 D Poetry has a long history, dating back to the Epic (史诗) of Gilgamesh, composed 4,000 years ago in what is now Iraq and Syria. Early poems developed from folk songs such as the Chinese Shijing, or from a need to retell the actions of great men and women or about a nation’s history. Ancient attempts to define poetry, such as Aristotle’s Poetics, focused on the uses of speech in rhetoric, drama, song and comedy. Later attempts concentrated on features such as repetition, verse form and rhyme, and emphasized the aesthetics (美学) which distinguish poetry from more objectively informative forms of writing. From the mid-20th century, poetry has been more generally regarded as a creative act employing language. Poetry uses forms to suggest different interpretation to words, or to produce emotive responses. Devices such as rhythm are used to achieve musical effects. The use of ambiguity (模糊不清), symbolism, and other stylistic elements of poetic description often leaves a poem open to multiple interpretations. Similarly figures of speech such as metaphor and simile create a layering of meanings, forming connections previously not perceived. Some poetry types are specific to particular cultures and respond to characteristics of the language in which the poet writes. Readers used to identifying poetry with Dante, Goethe, and Rumi may think of it as written in lines based on rhyme and regular meter; there are, however, traditions that use other means to create rhythm. Much modern poetry reflects a criticism of poetic tradition, playing with and testing the principle of rhyme itself, sometimes altogether giving up rhyme or set rhythm. In today’s increasingly globalized world, poets often adapt forms, styles and techniques from diverse cultures and languages. 32 What did early poetry originate from? A. Folk songs. B. Ethnic music. C. Ancient stories. D. Historical events. 33. What do we know about poetry according to paragraph 2? A. Modern poetry study focuses on the uses of speech. B. Poetry uses rhythm to achieve good visual effects. C. Poetry has been treated as a creative act for years. D. Form makes poetry different from other writings. 34. What can be inferred about modern poetry? A. Poets will strictly follow the principle of rhyme. B. Poets will adapt more diverse forms and styles. C. Poets will emphasize local language characteristics. D. Poets will develop new forms of figures of speech. 35. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. Science fiction. B. Newspaper. C. Fashion magazine. D. Encyclopedia. 【答案】32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诗歌的悠久历史、起源、形式演变及现代诗歌的多样性与创新。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Early poems developed from folk songs such as the Chinese Shijing, or from a need to retell the actions of great men and women or about a nation’s history.(早期的诗歌源于民歌，如中国的《诗经》，或者源于复述伟人和妇女的行为或关于一个国家历史的需要)”可知，早期诗歌起源于民歌。故选A。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“From the mid-20th century, poetry has been more generally regarded as a creative act employing language. (从20世纪中期开始，诗歌被普遍认为是一种运用语言的创造性行为)”可知，20世纪中期以来，诗歌被普遍视为一种运用语言的创造性行为。故选C。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Much modern poetry reflects a criticism of poetic tradition, playing with and testing the principle of rhyme itself, sometimes altogether giving up rhyme or set rhythm. In today’s increasingly globalized world, poets often adapt forms, styles and techniques from diverse cultures and languages.(许多现代诗歌反映了对诗歌传统的批评，玩弄和检验押韵本身的原则，有时甚至完全放弃押韵或设定节奏。在当今日益全球化的世界里，诗人们经常从不同的文化和语言中改编形式、风格和技巧)”可推知，现代诗歌往往批评传统诗歌规则，有时完全放弃韵律或固定节奏，并且诗人会借鉴不同文化和语言的多种形式、风格和技术。故选B。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Poetry has a long history, dating back to the Epic (史诗) of Gilgamesh, composed 4, 000 years ago in what is now Iraq and Syria.(诗歌有着悠久的历史，可以追溯到4000年前在现在的伊拉克和叙利亚创作的《吉尔伽美什史诗》)”可知，文章内容涉及诗歌的历史、特点、发展以及现代诗歌的趋势，属于文学艺术类知识。由此推知，本文最有可能出自于百科全书。 故选D。 第二节（共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Today, most researchers describe sleep as occurring in two main phases: rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep. Non-REM sleep comprises three stages, known as N 1, N 2 and N 3, which are characterized by specific brainwave patterns that reflect neural (神经的) activity. ____36____ , and people who sleep well typically experience four to six cycles every night. ____37____, their brain shows a mixture of high frequencies in which a lot of neurons (神经元) are firing, but not in a completely consistent way. Then, as the person starts to go into a light sleep, or the N l stage, those frequencies slow down into a pattern called theta waves. This stage typically lasts for one to ten minutes. During the second phase of sleep, N 2, body temperatures drop, heart rates and breathing slow down and muscles relax. Brainwave frequencies now keep changing between slower wave sand short bursts of neural activity. ___38___, but gets progressively longer in later cycles, ultimately comprising about half of a person's sleep time each night. Slow-wave sleep occurs in the N 3 stage, which is characterized by slow, high waves called delta waves. This 20-40-minute phase makes up about one-quarter of a person's sleep time. Some evidence suggests that slow-wave sleep plays a crucial part in restoring energy levels, repairing and growing tissues, clearing waste and boosting the immune (免疫) system. ____39____. Neural activity picks up when the body enters REM sleep, which is when dreaming occurs. In this phase, which comprises one-quarter of sleep time each night, the brainwaves follow a beta-wave pattern. As the night progresses, the periods of slow-wave sleep shorten and REM sleep increases. ____40____, such as emotional regulation, memory and creative problem-solving. A. When someone is awake. B. Sleep is a brain-wide network effect. C. When someone enters non-REM sleep. D. REM sleep is important for cognitive functions. E. Slow-wave sleep also aids learning and makes memory stronger. F. This phase generally lasts 10-25 minutes during the first sleep cycle. G. These three stages of non-REM sleep plus REM sleep comprise the sleep cycle. 【答案】36. G 37. A 38. F 39. E 40. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了睡眠周期的过程及特点。 【36题详解】 上文“Today, most researchers describe sleep as occurring in two main phases: rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep. Non-REM sleep comprises three stages, known as N 1, N 2 and N 3, which are characterized by specific brainwave patterns that reflect neural (神经的) activity.(如今，大多数研究人员将睡眠描述为两个主要阶段：快速眼动 (REM) 睡眠和非快速眼动睡眠。非快速眼动睡眠包括三个阶段，即 N 1、N 2 和 N 3，其特点是具有反映神经活动的特定脑电波模式)”指出了睡眠周期的过程，即睡眠描述为两个主要阶段：快速眼动 (REM) 睡眠和非快速眼动睡眠，非快速眼动睡眠包括三个阶段，下文“and people who sleep well typically experience four to six cycles every night.(睡眠良好的人通常每晚会经历四到六个周期。)”指出睡眠良好的人每晚都会经历四到六个周期，空处承接上文，继续介绍睡眠周期，G项“非快速眼动睡眠加上快速眼动睡眠这三个阶段构成了睡眠周期。”符合，故选G。 【37题详解】 下文“Then, as the person starts to go into a light sleep, or the N l stage, those frequencies slow down into a pattern called theta waves. This stage typically lasts for one to ten minutes.(然后，当人开始进入浅睡眠或 Nl 阶段时，这些频率会减慢为一种称为 theta 波的模式。此阶段通常持续一到十分钟)”指出人们进入浅睡眠时的特点，由此可知，前面内容应是介绍在进入浅睡眠之前发生的情况，空后“ their brain shows a mixture of high frequencies in which a lot of neurons (神经元) are firing, but not in a completely consistent way.(他们的大脑显示出混合高频，其中许多神经元正在发射，但并不是以完全一致的方式发射。)”指出了人们醒着时大脑显示的情况，A项“当某人醒来时。”符合，故选A。 【38题详解】 上文“During the second phase of sleep, N 2, body temperatures drop, heart rates and breathing slow down and muscles relax. Brainwave frequencies now keep changing between slower wave sand short bursts of neural activity. (在睡眠的第二阶段 N2 中，体温下降，心率和呼吸减慢，肌肉放松。脑电波频率现在在较慢的波和短暂的神经活动爆发之间不断变化。)”指出了睡眠第二阶段的特点，下文“but gets progressively longer in later cycles, ultimately comprising about half of a person’s sleep time each night.(但在之后的周期中逐渐变长，最终占据一个人每晚睡眠时间的一半左右。)”中的in later cycles可知，下文介绍了第二阶段在之后的周期中所持续的时间，由此可知，空处应该指出第二阶段在第一个睡眠周期中持续的时间，F项“这个阶段通常在第一个睡眠周期中持续 10-25 分钟。”符合，和下文是顺承关系，故选F。 【39题详解】 上文“Some evidence suggests that slow-wave sleep plays a crucial part in restoring energy levels, repairing and growing tissues, clearing waste and boosting the immune (免疫) system. (一些证据表明，慢波睡眠在恢复能量水平、修复和生长组织、清除废物和增强免疫系统方面发挥着至关重要的作用。)”指出慢波睡眠的好处，空处承接上文，继续介绍其好处，E项“慢波睡眠也有助于学习，增强记忆力。”符合，故选E。 【40题详解】 上文“Neural activity picks up when the body enters REM sleep, which is when dreaming occurs. In this phase, which comprises one-quarter of sleep time each night, the brainwaves follow a beta-wave pattern. As the night progresses, the periods of slow-wave sleep shorten and REM sleep increases. (当身体进入快速眼动睡眠（即做梦时）时，神经活动开始活跃。在这个阶段，每晚睡眠时间占四分之一，脑电波遵循β波模式。随着夜晚的推移，慢波睡眠时间缩短，快速眼动睡眠时间增加。)”介绍了快速睡眠阶段的特点，下文“such as emotional regulation, memory and creative problem-solving.(例如情绪调节、记忆和创造性解决问题。)”举例说明快速睡眠对于认知功能的重要性，D项“REM 睡眠对于认知功能很重要。”符合，故选D。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Catherine Krestyn furnished her home mainly with hard rubbish, such as the chairs, doors and lamps, which were collected from the street where she lives. And it’s a way of life she’s sharing with her community in the hope of making a _____41_____. Catherine leads a 6, 000-strong online group called Boroondara Hard Rubbish Rehome, where members _____42_____ pictures of their hard rubbish piles for eager locals to find. She started the group in 2022 with her childhood friend Jennie Irving, hoping to ____43____ a community of thrift (节俭) where they lived. The ____44____ have stopped more than 7, 000 kg of hard rubbish ____45____ in landfill since they founded the group. Some items are ____46____ as they are, like chairs and lamps, and others take a bit of ____47____ to clean up, like the old, wooden doors. Local teacher Ruth Polgar discovered the group while surfing the Internet and has since ____48____ her classroom with second-hand items, including artwork she has rehomed from a neighbour. “We ____49____ take unneeded items from the group and use them for our school projects,” she says ____50____ the group can be really challenging for Catherine. But she isn’t down on those who have to let go of their ____51____ because of stressful circumstances. “If you’re downsizing or If you’re clearing an ____52____ house, quite often you’re desperate for ____53____ to easy options,” she says. “Hard rubbish piles are often that option.” All Catherine wants to do is give her community a way to ____54____ their waste, and to send a ____55____ to those in charge that things need to urgently change. 41. A. choice B. commitment C. difference D. sense 42. A. take B. download C. change D. upload 43. A. build B. settle C. find D. make 44. A. pair B. neighbor C. friend D. colleague 45. A. taking up B. breaking down C. ending up D. giving off 46. A. hard B. ready C. creative D. new 47. A. money B. effort C. attempt D. energy 48. A. decorated B. equipped C. filled D. crowded 49. A. typically B. recently C. legally D. regularly 50. A. Founding B. Starting C. Running D. Funding 51. A. savings B. findings C. earnings D. belongings 52. A. empty B. old C. ideal D. amazing 53. A. key B. reply C. access D. devotion 54. A. clean B. collect C. reduce D. share 55. A. message B. email C. text D. letter 【答案】41. C 42. D 43. A 44. A 45. C 46. B 47. B 48. A 49. D 50. C 51. D 52. B 53. C 54. C 55. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Catherine Krestyn主导的一个名为“Boroondara硬垃圾回收中心”的线上组织，回收社区的硬垃圾，为居民提供方便，减少浪费，提高了二手物品的利用率。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是她与她的社区分享的一种生活方式，希望能有所影响。A. choice选择；B. commitment承诺；C. difference不同，差别；D. sense感觉。根据最后一段“All Catherine wants to do is give her community a way to 　14　 their waste, and to send a 　15　 to those in charge that things need to urgently change.”（Catherine想做的就是给她的社区一个减少浪费的方法，并向那些负责的人发出一个信息，事情需要紧急改变。）和全文内容可知，Catherine想要通过自己的做法帮助社区减少浪费，对社区产生积极的影响，make a difference产生影响。故选C。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Catherine领导着一个名为Boroondara硬垃圾回收中心的6000多人的网络组织，成员们上传他们的硬垃圾堆的照片，供热切的当地人找到。A. take拿；B. download下载；C. change改变；D. upload上传。根据句中的“online group”可知，Boroondara硬垃圾回收中心是一个线上组织，所以成员们需要拍照，把照片上传到网上，以供热心人看到，take pictures拍照。故选D。 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她于2022年与儿时好友Jennie Irving一起创建了这个组织，希望在她们居住的地方建立一个节俭社区。A. build建立；B. settle安置、解决；C. find发现、找到；D. make制造。根据第一段“And it’s a way of life she’s sharing with her community in the hope of making a　1　.”（这是她与她的社区分享的一种生活方式，希望能有所影响。）可知，Catherine和好友一起创建了硬垃圾回收中心，是为了和她所住的社区分享一种生活方式，把它建立成一个节俭的社区。故选A。 【44题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从她们成立这个组织以来，这对好友已经阻止了超过7000公斤的硬垃圾最终进入垃圾填埋场。A. pair一对、两个；B. neighbor邻居；C. friend朋友；D. colleague同事。根据上一句“She started the group in 2022 with her childhood friend Jennie Irving,”（她于2022年与儿时好友Jennie Irving一起创建了这个组织）可知，这个组织是Catherine和好友两个人一起创建的。故选A。 【45题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：自从他们成立这个组织以来，这对好友已经阻止了超过7000公斤的硬垃圾最终进入垃圾填埋场。A. taking up从事；B. breaking down出故障、分解；C. ending up最终成为、最终落得；D. giving off发出。根据常识可知，这些硬垃圾如果无人回收，最终就会被扔到垃圾场，而Catherine和好友回收了超过7000公斤的硬垃圾，阻止它们最终进入垃圾场。故选C。 【46题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些东西已经准备好了，比如椅子和台灯，还有一些需要花点力气来清理，比如旧的木门。A. hard困难的；B. ready准备好的；C. creative创新的；D. new新的。根据句中“others take a bit of 　7　 to clean up,”可知，有些垃圾需要清理，说明有些垃圾不需要，就按原有的样子回收即可，即已经准备好了。故选B。 【47题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些东西已经准备好了，比如椅子和台灯，还有一些需要花点力气来清理，比如旧的木门。A. money金钱；B. effort努力；C. attempt尝试；D. energy能量。根据“clean up”可知，有些垃圾需要清理，这是需要努力一下、花点力气的。故选B。 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当地教师Ruth Polgar在上网时发现了这个群体，然后用二手物品装饰了她的教室，包括她从邻居那里搬来的艺术品。A. decorated装饰；B. equipped配备；C. filled填满；D. crowded挤满。根据句中“artwork”可知，Ruth从邻居那里搬来了艺术品，应该是用来装饰教室的。故选A。 【49题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们经常从组织中拿出不需要的东西，用于学校的项目。A. typically一般、通常；B. recently最近；C. legally合法地；D. regularly经常、定期。根据谓语动词“take”和“use”和句意可知，该句为一般现在时，应该是指经常发生的动作。故选D。 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：管理这个组织对Catherine来说真的很有挑战性。A. Founding建立；B. Starting开始；C. Running管理、经营；D. Funding资助。根据前文“She started the group in 2022 with her childhood friend Jennie Irving,”和下一句“But she isn’t down on those who have to let go of their 　11　 because of stressful circumstances.”（但她对那些因为压力过大而不得不放弃财产的人感到气愤。）可知，Catherine和好友创建了这个硬垃圾回收中心，在经营管理过程中，她能够理解那些因为压力而不得不放弃财产、扔掉物品的人们，结合句中“But”可知，管理这个中心对Catherine而言并不容易，很有挑战性。故选C。 【51题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但她对那些因为压力过大而不得不放弃财产的人感到气愤。A. savings存款；B. findings结果；C. earnings收入、赚的钱；D. belongings所有物、财产。根据前文“Some items are 　6　 as they are, like chairs and lamps, and others take a bit of 　7　 to clean up, like the old, wooden doors.”（有些东西已经准备好了，比如椅子和台灯，还有一些需要花点力气来清理，比如旧的木门。）和常识可知，Catherine回收的硬垃圾是指如椅子、台灯、木门之类的财产，有些人会因为压力而扔掉这些财产。故选D。 【52题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你要缩小规模，或者你要清理旧房子，通常你会迫切需要一些简单选择的机会。A. empty空的；B. old旧的、老的；C. ideal理想的；D. amazing惊人的。根据句中“clear”和下文的“Hard rubbish piles are often that option.”（硬垃圾堆通常是那个选择。）可知，此处表示你要清理旧房子。故选B。 【53题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你要缩小规模，或者你要清理旧房子，通常你会迫切需要一些简单选择的机会。A. key钥匙；B. reply回答；C. access入口、机会；D. devotion奉献。根据下文“Hard rubbish piles are often that option.”（硬垃圾堆通常是那个选择。）可知，这里指人们如果要清理旧房子，这时就迫切需要一些可以简单处理的办法供人们选择，即需要一些提供简单选择的机会。故选C。 【54题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Catherine想做的就是给她的社区一个减少浪费的方法，并向那些负责的人发出一个信息，事情需要紧急改变。A. clean清理；B. collect收集；C. reduce减少；D. share分享。根据第二段“She started the group in 2022 with her childhood friend Jennie Irving, hoping to 　3 a community of thrift (节俭) where they lived.”（她于2022年与儿时好友Jennie Irving一起创建了这个组织，希望在他们居住的地方建立一个节俭社区。）和文章内容可知，Catherine建立这个组织是为了创建一个节俭的社区，帮助社区减少浪费。故选C。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Catherine想做的就是给她的社区一个减少浪费的方法，并向那些负责的人发出一个信息，事情需要紧急改变。A. message信息；B. email邮件；C. text文本；D. letter信件。根据第一段“And it’s a way of life she’s sharing with her community in the hope of making a　1　.”（这是她与她的社区分享的一种生活方式，希望能有所影响。）和文章内容可知，Catherine所做的一切都是为了与她的社区分享一种生活方式，希望用她的行为向社区负责人传递一种信息，以望有所影响。故选A。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The animated movie “Chang'an” was a real hit last summer. It is named _____56_____ the ancient city of Xi’an in Shaanxi province, which served as the capital of the Tang Dynasty for over 280 years. It _____57_____ (bring) to life some of the most representative figures in Chinese literary history. The story between Gao Shi and Li Bai offers a glimpse into the poetry of the Tang Dynasty, _____58_____ is often seen as a golden age in Chinese history due to _____59_____ (it) economic and cultural advancement. As the unique charm and soul of the movie, 48 Tang poems help audience travel from the _____60_____ (sand) desert frontier to the mist-filled regions south of the Yangtze River. The movie is undoubtedly a masterpiece showing the ____61____ (characteristic) of Chinese culture to the world. In order to _____62_____ (accurate) convey the charm of Tang poetry and better translate the cultural context set in the dialogue, the production team invited Linda Jaivin _____63_____ (assist) with the translation process. Linda Jaivin is _____64_____ Australian sinologist (汉学家) and she has translated many famous Chinese films. Despite her already rich knowledge of Chinese culture, she found some poetry lines and place names to be quite challenging, _____65_____ (require) careful and repeated consideration. 【答案】56. after 57. brings 58. which 59. its 60. sandy 61. characteristics 62. accurately 63. to assist 64. an 65. requiring 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。去年夏天，动画电影《长安》大受欢迎，文章对这部电影的内容制作、翻译和文化意义进行了介绍。 【56题详解】 考查介词。句意：去年夏天，动画电影《长安》大受欢迎。它是以陕西省的古城西安命名的，它作为唐朝的首都长达280多年。be named after意为“以……命名”，此处应用介词after。故填after。 【57题详解】 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：它使中国文学史上一些最具代表性的人物栩栩如生。动词短语bring to life意为“使……栩栩如生”。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语为第三人称单数。故填brings。 【58题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：高适和李白之间的故事让我们得以一窥唐代诗歌，由于其经济和文化的进步，唐朝通常被视为中国历史上的黄金时代。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为the Tang Dynasty，应用关系代词which。故填which。 【59题详解】 考查代词。句意：高适和李白之间的故事让我们得以一窥唐代诗歌，由于其经济和文化的进步，唐朝通常被视为中国历史上的黄金时代。“economic and cultural advancement”和“the Tang Dynasty”构成所属关系，应用形容词性物主代词its表示“它的”。故填its。 【60题详解】 考查形容词。句意：作为电影的独特魅力和灵魂，48首唐诗帮助观众从沙漠边疆到长江以南的雾霭弥漫的地区。此处作定语应用形容词sandy表示“沙地的”。故填sandy。 【61题详解】 考查可数名词的单复数。句意：这部电影无疑是向世界展示中国文化特色的杰作。characteristic意为“特色”，为可数名词，中国文化的特色不止一个，此处应用复数形式。故填characteristics。 【62题详解】 考查副词。句意：为了准确传达唐诗的魅力，更好地翻译对话中所设置的文化语境，制作团队邀请了琳达·贾文协助翻译过程。此处应用副词accurately表示“准确地”作状语，修饰动词 convey。故填accurately。 【63题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：为了准确传达唐诗的魅力，更好地翻译对话中所设置的文化语境，制作团队邀请了琳达·贾文协助翻译过程。invite sb. to do意为“邀请某人做某事”，此处应用to do不定式作宾补。故填to assist。 【64题详解】 考查冠词。句意：琳达·贾文是一位澳大利亚汉学家，她翻译了许多著名的中国电影。sinologist意为“汉学家”，为可数名词，此处Australian sinologist为第一次出现，应用不定冠词表示泛指。Australian的开头发音为元音，不定冠词应用an。故填an。 【65题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：尽管她已经对中国文化有了丰富的了解，但她发现一些诗词和地名很有挑战性，需要仔细和反复的考虑。动词require和谓语之间没有连词，用其非谓语形式，和逻辑主语some poetry lines and place names构成主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填requiring。 第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66. 你校英语报将出一期主题为“勇于面对挑战”的专刊，请你以“Growing through Challenges”为题目写一篇投稿。 要点：1. 结合个人的学习或生活，描述成长经历； 2. 表达自己对待挑战的观点。 注意：词数80左右。 Growing through Challenges _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文： Growing through Challenges Challenges are part of our life, which come in different forms. However, it is growing through these challenges that makes us stronger. As for me, one challenge that I faced was living in the dorm independently. It was the first time that I had left my parents and learnt to manage my life all by myself. At first, it was very frustrating that I couldn't adapt to living without my parents. But with the help of my teachers and classmates, I overcame all the difficulties I met. Not only my parents but also I was amazed to find a completely new me. As Santiago in the book of The Old Man and the Sea says, “A man can be destroyed but not be defeated.” Only by bravely facing challenges can we gain growth. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“Growing through Challenges”为题目写一篇投稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 克服：overcome→get over 破坏、摧毁：destroy→ruin 面对：face→be faced with 令人沮丧的：frustrating→upset 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：But with the help of my teachers and classmates, I overcame all the difficulties I met. 拓展句：It was after my teachers and classmates offered help that I overcame all the difficulties I met. 【点睛】[高分句型1] As for me, one challenge that I faced was living in the dorm independently. (运用了that引导定语从句) [高分句型2] Only by bravely facing challenges can we gain growth. (运用了Only+介词短语置于句首引起的部分倒装) 第二节（满分25分） 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was the end of the school year. Mum dropped me off at the school gate and I dashed toward my classroom as usual, without being aware my German Shepherd, Baxter also jumped out of the car and followed me into the school. For fear that I might be late for Mrs. White’s class, I just ignored the strange glances and laughter all the way, thinking they had nothing to do with me, until my best friend Roy yelled anxiously, “Melisa... Baxter behind you.” I turned around. There he was, with his tongue hanging out and tail wagging happily in the wind. I was rooted on the spot. I wasn’t supposed to bring my dog to school, but at that moment, it was just impossible to get Baxter back. I lowered myself and tried to get Barter to come closer, but he stared at me for a while, and jumped back. He was waiting for me to take him outside for a walk. Praise is always good, even for a dog, so I said, “Baxter, good boy. Come on now.” Luckily, he ran toward me. But I could never hide such a naughty dog under my desk. I looked at Roy helplessly, whose eyes suddenly lit up, “The closet (储存室)...” Yes, the closet. A thrill of excitement ran through my body. There, at the end of the hallway of this building, just on this floor, there was a small unlocked closet where we could safely park Baxter. That was really a perfect idea which would free me from my dilemma. Then, Roy and I ran desperately back into our classroom. Hardly had we settled down into our seats when Mrs. White came in, books and papers in her hand. The class went on smoothly. Mrs. White explained some rules patiently and reminded us to take notes. I listened attentively. Then something went wrong. When Mrs. White began to write some math problems on the blackboard, quietly, a dog slid in. It was Baxter. Mrs. White turned around, frozen with shock. “Whose dog is it?” 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: At this time, Baxter spotted me and ran toward me excitedly. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: I had thought Mrs, White wouldn’t get away with it. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Paragraph 1: At this time, Baxter spotted me and ran toward me excitedly. He announced silently to all that I was his owner. With my heart racing and my face burning, I could see, from the comer of my eyes, some of my classmates looked at me sympathetically. I reminded myself to breathe as I stood up, with sweat streaming down the back of my neck, and said, “Sorry.” I explained nervously, choking with shame and tears. Baxter sensed my anxiety and began to bark. I tried desperately to calm him down. Paragraph 2: I had thought Mrs. White wouldn’t let me get away with it. However, Mrs. White didn’t scold me. Instead, she suggested I keep Baxter in her office for a while. She also lent me her cell phone, so that I could call my mother asking her to pick Baxter up. Because of my teacher’s kindness, the accident turned into an amusing incident. After the class, I made an apology again to Mrs. White but she just patted me softly saying, “It’s OK.” It was the first time I had felt my teacher was such a gentle woman. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了在一学年快要结束的时候的一天，作者的狗Baxter跟着作者到了学校，作者不能把狗藏在桌子下，作者的朋友Roy提议把狗藏在一个没有上锁的小壁橱里，作者觉得这非常完美，就冲回教室上课了，当怀特太太开始在黑板上写数学题时，一只狗悄悄溜了进来，怀特太太吓坏了，问那是谁的狗。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“这时，巴克斯特发现了我，兴奋地向我跑过来。”可知，第一段可描写作者看见Baxter之后的反应。 ②由第二段首句内容“我原以为怀特太太不会让我不被惩罚的。”可知，第二段可描写怀特太太知道Baxter是作者的狗之后的做法。 2.续写线索：站起来——解释——老师建议——作者再次道歉——作者的感受 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①解释：explain/explicate ②建议：suggest/recommend ③道歉：make an apology to/apologize to 情绪类 ①同情：sympathetically/commiseratingly ②紧张：nervously/tensely 【点睛】[高分句型1] Instead, she suggested I keep Baxter in her office for a while. (由that引导的宾语从句，省略了that) [高分句型2] She also lent me her cell phone, so that I could call my mother asking her to pick Baxter up. (由so that引导目的状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$null 2023-2024学年度第二学期期中高二年级教学质量监测 英语 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上相应的位置。 2. 全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。 3. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案用0.5 mm黑色笔迹签字笔写在答题卡上。 4. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 5. 本试题共12页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 第一部分 听力 （共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍， 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15. 答案是C 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. An exhibition. B. A computer. C. A game. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How did the man keep fit? A. He learned to swim. B. He took exercise. C. He stopped drinking. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 When does the store open on Sundays? A. At 8: 30 a. m B. At 9: 00 a. m C. At 9: 30 a. m 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the weather like now? A. Cold. B. Warm C. Hot. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Why does the man want to have black tea? A. To be healthy B. To become energetic. C. To calm down 第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. What does the woman think of the boy’s problem? A. It’s strange B. It’s embarrassing. C. It’s common 7. What does the woman advise the boy to do? A. Study with a fixed partner. B. Study alone in the library. C. Study with Agony Aunt Hotline. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. Whose party did the man go to last week? A. Maria’s. B. Amanda’s. C. The woman’s. 9. What does it mean when the Chinese ask “Have you eaten?” ? A. An informal invitation. B. A common question. C. A friendly greeting 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 10. How long has the man worked in the new company? A. For three months. B. For two months. C. For a month 11. What department does the man work in? A. In the production department. B. In the marketing department. C. In the human resources department. 12. How is the work done in the new company? A. By oneself B. In teams C. By machines. 13. What does the man think of his new boss? A. Respectable. B. Active C. Bad-tempered. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14 Who are probably the speakers? A. Teachers. B. Writers C. Students 15. Which of the following is Mera's favorite? A. Nature. B. Science C. Newsweek. 16. How often does Mera go to the reading club? A Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Twice a month. 17. Where are the speakers likely to go next? A. To the new bookstore. B. To the reading club. C. To the dessert shop 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 18. Which can be exchanged for a free bus ride? A. Two large bottles. B. Five small bottles. C. Ten plastic cups. 19. What is the aim of the program? A. To cut waste. B. To collect bottles. C. To reduce the cost. 20. Who collect the bottles in the recycling bins? A. Ticket officers. B. Bus drivers. C. Bus riders. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出最佳选项。 A Sending your rugs (小地毯) to the cleaners can get expensive. A growing number of brands are making rugs designed to be thrown directly into your own washing machine. Revival Washable Rug Price: $109 and up Size: 2 ft. × 3 ft. Care: Machine-washable, hang-dry for 36 hours. Consumer Reports' take: This small rug feels soft under your feet and hides stains (污渍) well. After having coffee dropped on it, a 30-minute gentle cycle in a washer got rid of the resulting stains. Lorena Canals Rug Price: $629 Size: 5 ft. 7 in. × 7 ft. 11 in. Care: Machine-wash in cold water. Dry on low heat. Consumer Reports' take: A single machine washing got rid of the big coffee stain made on this wool and cotton rug. It can go in the dryer, too, and may require 2 hours to get completely dry. Ruggable Moroccan Rug Price: $309 and up Size: 5 ft. × 7 ft. Care: Machine-washable Dry on low heat or hang-dry for 36 hours. Consumer Reports' take: This super-soft rug is easy to clean. A damp towel alone removed a juice stain. The other stains on the rug disappeared after machine-washing it on a gentle cycle. Ruggable Jonathan Rug Price: $119 and up Size: 2 ft. × 3 ft. Care: Machine-wash in cold water. Dry on low heat or hang-dry for about an hour. Consumer Reports' take: This rug stayed in good shape even though it was used in a high-traffic kitchen. All stains were gone after washing it using a gentle cycle. 21. How long does a washer take to remove coffee stains on Revival Washable Rug? A. 36 hours. B. 30 minutes. C. 2 hours. D. 23 minutes. 22. Which rug is suitable for kitchen use according to Consumer Reports' view? A. Revival Washable Rug B. Lorena Canals Rug C. Ruggable Moroccan Rug D. Ruggable Jonathan Rug 23. What do these rugs have in common? A. They all cost $119 and up. B. They are very similar in size. C. They dry only on low heat. D. They are machine-washable. B Everything went wrong for American climber Beck Weathers on his trip to Mount Qomolangma in May of 1996. His eyes response to the extremely thin oxygen levels near the highest summit on Earth was “snow blindness”. Weathers could not see more than 3 feet in front of him. His guide, Rob Hall, made him agree not to climb to the summit and he would wait for Hall till he got back. Another group of climbers returning down from a powerful snow storm came upon Weathers. They decided to help him down, but a storm with 70 mph winds forced them to merely gather together for warmth. During a quiet period of the storm, one man went back to the camp for assistance. Hours later help returned, but they decided Weathers was too unresponsive and appeared to be beyond saving. He was left waiting for death. “I woke up in the snow, opened my eyes, and directly in front of me was my ungloved righthand, which was clearly dead,” Weathers remembered. "It looked like a marble sculpture of a hand. I hit it on the ice and realized that so much of my tissue was dead, so I wasn't feeling any pain. That had the wonderful effect of focusing my attention. If I didn't stand up, I realized I was going to die on that spot. I figured I had three or four hours left to live, so I started walking. All I knew was, as long as my legs would run, and I could stand up, I was going to move toward that. camp. If I fell down, I was going to get up and keep moving until I hit that camp.” As everybody thought Weathers could not survive, he struggled to stand up and move forward for survival in the face of adversity. Finally, he made it. It's believed that his success relied on his strong belief and courage. 24. Why did Beck Weathers give up climbing the Mount Qomolangma? A. Because the tough environment took his breath away. B. Because the cold weather froze his hands and feet. C. Because the thin oxygen level narrowed his eyesight. D. Because the terrible storm damaged his equipment. 25. What does the underlined word “unresponsive” mean in the second paragraph? A. Reactionless. B. Emotionless. C. Faithless. D. Fearless. 26. How did Beck Weathers manage to return to the camp? A. By focusing attention. B. By awaiting rescue. C. By remaining standing. D. By keeping walking 27. Which of the following best describes Beck Weathers? A Ambitious. B. Courageous. C. Dynamic. D. Responsible. C For many young students, the school break is not a time for play, but rather a period of intense working out at weight loss camps. The extreme popularity of these camps is a sign of the alarming trend in China — childhood obesity (过度肥胖). According to a report published by the National Health Commission in 2020, one in five Chinese youth aged 6 — 17 years is overweight or obese, up from just one in 20 in 1995. This increase is driven by multiple social factors. For instance, heavy coursework at school and a ready availability of digital devices are fixing the country’s younger generations in a more inactive lifestyle. Also, an age-old belief that more food consumption equals better growth has led many parents to spoil their children with an unlimited supply of junk food and late night snacks. Besides, weight gain during their mother’s pregnancy, regularly skipping breakfast, high intake of sweet foods and drinks, and insufficient sleep can all add to the risk of becoming overweight. Extra weight gained in childhood may likely be carried into adulthood and increase the risks of high blood pressure, heart disease, sleep disorders and cancers. What’s more, the strong feeling of social disapproval related to obesity can also have a dangerous effect on a child’s emotional well-being and self-esteem (自尊). Some of overweight teenagers can’t even finish their primary education. Therefore, parents should closely monitor their children’s weight from an early age so that they can intervene without delay when signs of obesity show. That does not mean that parents should rely on dietary restriction or slimming pills for dramatic transformations. A balanced diet, regular physical activity, limited screen time and sufficient sleep are enough to help children maintain a healthy weight. 28. How did the obesity rate for Chinese youth change from 1995 to 2020? A. It more than doubled. B. It became four times. C. It stayed the same. D. It dropped by half. 29. What contributes to the increase in childhood obesity? A. A drop in physical activities. B. An limited supply of snacks. C. Reduced intake of sugary drinks. D. Right amounts of restful sleep. 30. What should parents do to help their children avoid obesity? A. They should stop their children having sweet foods. B. They should limit their children's time spent indoors. C. They should keep close track of their children’s weight. D. They should ask their children to take slimming pills. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Childhood Obesity in China B. Concerns about Public Health C. Increase in Children’s Height D. Healthy Lifestyle Recommended D Poetry has a long history, dating back to the Epic (史诗) of Gilgamesh, composed 4,000 years ago in what is now Iraq and Syria. Early poems developed from folk songs such as the Chinese Shijing, or from a need to retell the actions of great men and women or about a nation’s history. Ancient attempts to define poetry, such as Aristotle’s Poetics, focused on the uses of speech in rhetoric, drama, song and comedy. Later attempts concentrated on features such as repetition, verse form and rhyme, and emphasized the aesthetics (美学) which distinguish poetry from more objectively informative forms of writing. From the mid-20th century, poetry has been more generally regarded as a creative act employing language. Poetry uses forms to suggest different interpretation to words, or to produce emotive responses. Devices such as rhythm are used to achieve musical effects. The use of ambiguity (模糊不清), symbolism, and other stylistic elements of poetic description often leaves a poem open to multiple interpretations. Similarly figures of speech such as metaphor and simile create a layering of meanings, forming connections previously not perceived. Some poetry types are specific to particular cultures and respond to characteristics of the language in which the poet writes. Readers used to identifying poetry with Dante, Goethe, and Rumi may think of it as written in lines based on rhyme and regular meter; there are, however, traditions that use other means to create rhythm. Much modern poetry reflects a criticism of poetic tradition, playing with and testing the principle of rhyme itself, sometimes altogether giving up rhyme or set rhythm. In today’s increasingly globalized world, poets often adapt forms, styles and techniques from diverse cultures and languages. 32. What did early poetry originate from? A. Folk songs. B. Ethnic music. C. Ancient stories. D. Historical events. 33. What do we know about poetry according to paragraph 2? A. Modern poetry study focuses on the uses of speech. B. Poetry uses rhythm to achieve good visual effects. C. Poetry has been treated as a creative act for years. D. Form makes poetry different from other writings. 34. What can be inferred about modern poetry? A. Poets will strictly follow the principle of rhyme. B. Poets will adapt more diverse forms and styles. C. Poets will emphasize local language characteristics. D. Poets will develop new forms of figures of speech. 35. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. Science fiction. B. Newspaper. C. Fashion magazine. D. Encyclopedia. 第二节（共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Today, most researchers describe sleep as occurring in two main phases: rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep. Non-REM sleep comprises three stages, known as N 1, N 2 and N 3, which are characterized by specific brainwave patterns that reflect neural (神经的) activity. ____36____ , and people who sleep well typically experience four to six cycles every night. ____37____, their brain shows a mixture of high frequencies in which a lot of neurons (神经元) are firing, but not in a completely consistent way. Then, as the person starts to go into a light sleep, or the N l stage, those frequencies slow down into a pattern called theta waves. This stage typically lasts for one to ten minutes. During the second phase of sleep, N 2, body temperatures drop, heart rates and breathing slow down and muscles relax. Brainwave frequencies now keep changing between slower wave sand short bursts of neural activity. ___38___, but gets progressively longer in later cycles, ultimately comprising about half of a person's sleep time each night. Slow-wave sleep occurs in the N 3 stage, which is characterized by slow, high waves called delta waves. This 20-40-minute phase makes up about one-quarter of a person's sleep time. Some evidence suggests that slow-wave sleep plays a crucial part in restoring energy levels, repairing and growing tissues, clearing waste and boosting the immune (免疫) system. ____39____. Neural activity picks up when the body enters REM sleep, which is when dreaming occurs. In this phase, which comprises one-quarter of sleep time each night, the brainwaves follow a beta-wave pattern. As the night progresses, the periods of slow-wave sleep shorten and REM sleep increases. ____40____, such as emotional regulation, memory and creative problem-solving. A. When someone is awake. B. Sleep is a brain-wide network effect. C. When someone enters non-REM sleep. D. REM sleep is important for cognitive functions. E. Slow-wave sleep also aids learning and makes memory stronger. F. This phase generally lasts 10-25 minutes during the first sleep cycle. G. These three stages of non-REM sleep plus REM sleep comprise the sleep cycle. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Catherine Krestyn furnished her home mainly with hard rubbish, such as the chairs, doors and lamps, which were collected from the street where she lives. And it’s a way of life she’s sharing with her community in the hope of making a _____41_____. Catherine leads a 6, 000-strong online group called Boroondara Hard Rubbish Rehome, where members _____42_____ pictures of their hard rubbish piles for eager locals to find. She started the group in 2022 with her childhood friend Jennie Irving, hoping to ____43____ a community of thrift (节俭) where they lived. The ____44____ have stopped more than 7, 000 kg of hard rubbish ____45____ in landfill since they founded the group. Some items are ____46____ as they are, like chairs and lamps, and others take a bit of ____47____ to clean up, like the old, wooden doors. Local teacher Ruth Polgar discovered the group while surfing the Internet and has since ____48____ her classroom with second-hand items, including artwork she has rehomed from a neighbour. “We ____49____ take unneeded items from the group and use them for our school projects,” she says ____50____ the group can be really challenging for Catherine. But she isn’t down on those who have to let go of their ____51____ because of stressful circumstances. “If you’re downsizing or If you’re clearing an ____52____ house, quite often you’re desperate for ____53____ to easy options,” she says. “Hard rubbish piles are often that option.” All Catherine wants to do is give her community a way to ____54____ their waste, and to send a ____55____ to those in charge that things need to urgently change. 41. A. choice B. commitment C. difference D. sense 42. A. take B. download C. change D. upload 43. A. build B. settle C. find D. make 44. A. pair B. neighbor C. friend D. colleague 45. A. taking up B. breaking down C. ending up D. giving off 46. A. hard B. ready C. creative D. new 47. A. money B. effort C. attempt D. energy 48. A. decorated B. equipped C. filled D. crowded 49. A. typically B. recently C. legally D. regularly 50. A. Founding B. Starting C. Running D. Funding 51. A. savings B. findings C. earnings D. belongings 52. A. empty B. old C. ideal D. amazing 53. A. key B. reply C. access D. devotion 54. A. clean B. collect C. reduce D. share 55. A. message B. email C. text D. letter 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The animated movie “Chang'an” was a real hit last summer. It is named _____56_____ the ancient city of Xi’an in Shaanxi province, which served as the capital of the Tang Dynasty for over 280 years. It _____57_____ (bring) to life some of the most representative figures in Chinese literary history. The story between Gao Shi and Li Bai offers a glimpse into the poetry of the Tang Dynasty, _____58_____ is often seen as a golden age in Chinese history due to _____59_____ (it) economic and cultural advancement. As the unique charm and soul of the movie, 48 Tang poems help audience travel from the _____60_____ (sand) desert frontier to the mist-filled regions south of the Yangtze River. The movie is undoubtedly a masterpiece showing the ____61____ (characteristic) of Chinese culture to the world. In order to _____62_____ (accurate) convey the charm of Tang poetry and better translate the cultural context set in the dialogue, the production team invited Linda Jaivin _____63_____ (assist) with the translation process. Linda Jaivin is _____64_____ Australian sinologist (汉学家) and she has translated many famous Chinese films. Despite her already rich knowledge of Chinese culture, she found some poetry lines and place names to be quite challenging, _____65_____ (require) careful and repeated consideration. 第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66. 你校英语报将出一期主题为“勇于面对挑战”的专刊，请你以“Growing through Challenges”为题目写一篇投稿。 要点：1. 结合个人的学习或生活，描述成长经历； 2. 表达自己对待挑战的观点。 注意：词数80左右 Growing through Challenges _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was the end of the school year. Mum dropped me off at the school gate and I dashed toward my classroom as usual, without being aware my German Shepherd, Baxter also jumped out of the car and followed me into the school. For fear that I might be late for Mrs. White’s class, I just ignored the strange glances and laughter all the way, thinking they had nothing to do with me, until my best friend Roy yelled anxiously, “Melisa... Baxter behind you.” I turned around. There he was, with his tongue hanging out and tail wagging happily in the wind. I was rooted on the spot. I wasn’t supposed to bring my dog to school, but at that moment, it was just impossible to get Baxter back. I lowered myself and tried to get Barter to come closer, but he stared at me for a while, and jumped back. He was waiting for me to take him outside for a walk. Praise is always good, even for a dog, so I said, “Baxter, good boy. Come on now.” Luckily, he ran toward me. But I could never hide such a naughty dog under my desk. I looked at Roy helplessly, whose eyes suddenly lit up, “The closet (储存室)...” Yes, the closet. A thrill of excitement ran through my body. There, at the end of the hallway of this building, just on this floor, there was a small unlocked closet where we could safely park Baxter. That was really a perfect idea which would free me from my dilemma. Then, Roy and I ran desperately back into our classroom. Hardly had we settled down into our seats when Mrs. White came in, books and papers in her hand. The class went on smoothly. Mrs. White explained some rules patiently and reminded us to take notes. I listened attentively. Then something went wrong. When Mrs. White began to write some math problems on the blackboard, quietly, a dog slid in. It was Baxter. Mrs. White turned around, frozen with shock. “Whose dog is it?” 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: At this time, Baxter spotted me and ran toward me excitedly. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: I had thought Mrs, White wouldn’t get away with it. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$